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Background: Human papillomaviruses cause warts, which are benign epidermal tumours (HPVs). They were connected to a great deal of distress, both physically and psychologically. It is well established that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of keratinocytes leads to their hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. A wart forms as a result of this abnormally rapid expansion. HPV is the causative agent of both genital and superficial warts. Varieties of skin warts include common warts, plantar warts, and plane warts. The keratolytic chemical salicylic acid effectively removes the diseased epidermis caused by the virus. It's present in concentrations anywhere from 10% to 30% throughout a wide range of transportation modes. In most cases, warts can be removed with topical salicylic acid treatment over a period of three to six months. Warts undergoing cryotherapy have their surface frozen with liquid nitrogen once every two to three weeks. The immune system may react to local irritation depending on the mechanism of action. When comparing the efficacy of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy with 50% salicylic acid for treating plantar warts, a multicenter clinical study found no significant differences. Whether through curettage, electrosurgery, or conventional surgery, warts can be surgically removed to remove the entire lesion. When dealing with persistent or solitary warts, surgery can be helpful because it provides a speedy treatment. However, it is associated with significant risks of bleeding, scarring, and bacterial infections; recurrence is thought to occur in approximately 20% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatological disorders in childhood. Assessment of AD severity is the initial step in designing the proper therapeutic plan. Moreover, it is imperative for evaluation of disease improvement during and following therapy. This study was designed to assess the prognostic role of miRNA-155 (miR-155) in the prediction of AD severity as the primary outcome. While the secondary outcome was to correlate the serum miR-155 expression levels with the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) severity index. This case-control study included 24 children with AD and 24 apparently healthy children as a control group. AD children were stratified according to the SCORAD severity index. Approximately 58% of children had mild AD, 25% moderate AD, and about 17% severe AD. Children with AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels in comparison to the control children, (p < 0.001). Children with severe AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels compared to mild AD children (p=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for miR-155 demonstrated that miR-155 can differentiate between children with mild AD and those with moderate-to-severe AD, with an area under the curve of 0.879, and an excellent discrimination power. A statistically strong significant positive correlation existed between miR-155 levels and SCORAD severity index (rs= 0.666, p < 0.001). In conclusion, MiR-155 could be considered as a non-invasive biomarker of AD severity in children. It is a promising prognostic tool in the prediction of AD severity., (Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.)