11 results on '"Edwards, Robin J."'
Search Results
2. Two Centuries of Relative Sea-Level Rise in Dublin, Ireland, Reconstructed by Geological Tide Gauge
- Author
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Roseby, Zoë A., Southall, Katherine, Alvarez-Agoues, Fermin, Cahill, Niamh, McCarthy, Gerard D., Edwards, Robin J., Roseby, Zoë A., Southall, Katherine, Alvarez-Agoues, Fermin, Cahill, Niamh, McCarthy, Gerard D., and Edwards, Robin J.
- Abstract
We demonstrate the utility and reproducibility of the saltmarsh foraminifera-based ‘geological tide gauge’ (GTG) approach by developing two independent records of relative sea-level (RSL) change for Dublin, Ireland. Our records, recovered from two different saltmarshes, indicate that RSL rose at a century-scale rate of 1.5 ± 0.9 mm yr–1 over the last 200 years. This compares favourably with the shorter, but more precise, mean sea level (MSL) record from the Dublin Port tide gauge, which indicates long-term (1953–2016 CE) rise at a rate of 1.1 ± 0.5 mm yr–1. When corrected for the influence of glacio-isostatic adjustment our saltmarsh-based reconstruction suggests sea levels in Dublin rose at a rate of 1.6 ± 0.9 mm yr–1 since the start of the 19th century, which is in excellent agreement with the regional value of MSL rise over the same period (1.5 ± 0.2 mm yr–1) calculated from a compilation of tide gauge records around Britain. Whilst our record has decadal-scale temporal resolution (1 sample every 8 years), we are currently unable to resolve multidecadal-scale variations in the rate of sea-level rise which are masked by the size of the vertical uncertainties (± 20 cm) associated with our reconstruction of palaeomarsh-surface elevation. We discuss the challenges of applying the GTG approach in the typically minerogenic saltmarshes of the NE Atlantic margin and outline potential solutions that would facilitate the production of Common Era RSL reconstructions in the region.
- Published
- 2023
3. Developing Detailed Records of Relative Sea-Level Change Using a Foraminiferal Transfer Function: An Example from North Norfolk, UK
- Author
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Edwards, Robin J. and Horton, B. P.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland since 1842: a case study of Cork
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Pugh, David, Bridge, Edmund, Edwards, Robin J., Hogarth, Peter, Westbrook, Guy, Woodworth, P. L., McCarthy, Gerard, Pugh, David, Bridge, Edmund, Edwards, Robin J., Hogarth, Peter, Westbrook, Guy, Woodworth, P. L., and McCarthy, Gerard
- Abstract
Knowledge of regional changes in mean sea level and local changes in tides are crucial to inform effective climate adaptation. An essential element is the availability of accurate observations of sea level. Sea level data in the Republic of Ireland, prior to the establishment of the National Tide Gauge Network in the mid-2000s, are limited but belie a wealth of historical data available in archival form. In this study, we digitize records located in Cork Harbour, Ireland, from 1842 and show how short-duration (6–8 weeks), high-quality data with a large interval to the present can accurately inform tidal and mean sea level changes. We consider error sources in detail. We estimate for the main M2 tidal constituent that the accuracy of these historical measurements is 1 % and 2 min for amplitude and phase, respectively, once adjustments for seasonal and nodal effects are made. Our mean sea level estimates are accurate to the 2 cm level, once adjustments for atmospheric and seasonal effects are made. Our results show tidal stability with a 2 % change in the amplitude of the M2 component, 4 min change in the phase over a period of 177 years, and mean sea level rise of 40 cm in the Cork Harbour area from 1842 to 2019, approximately in line with global mean sea level trends plus local glacial isostatic adjustment. More broadly, we show that with careful seasonal, nodal, and atmospheric corrections, together with knowledge of benchmark provenance, these historic, survey-oriented data can accurately inform of sea level changes.
- Published
- 2021
5. Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure
- Author
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Löwemark, Ludvig, Bloemsma, Menno, Croudace, Ian, Daly, J. Stephen, Edwards, Robin J., Francus, Pierre, Galloway, Jennifer M., Gregory, Braden R. B., Huang, Jyh-Jaan Steven, Jones, Anna F., Kylander, Malin, Luo, Yangbing, Maclachlan, Suzanne, Ohlendorf, Christian, Patterson, R. Timothy, Pearce, Christof, Profe, Jorn, Reinhardt, Eduard G., Stranne, Christian, Tjallingii, Rik, Turner, Jonathan N., Löwemark, Ludvig, Bloemsma, Menno, Croudace, Ian, Daly, J. Stephen, Edwards, Robin J., Francus, Pierre, Galloway, Jennifer M., Gregory, Braden R. B., Huang, Jyh-Jaan Steven, Jones, Anna F., Kylander, Malin, Luo, Yangbing, Maclachlan, Suzanne, Ohlendorf, Christian, Patterson, R. Timothy, Pearce, Christof, Profe, Jorn, Reinhardt, Eduard G., Stranne, Christian, Tjallingii, Rik, and Turner, Jonathan N.
- Abstract
XRF core scanning has evolved to become a standard analytical technique for the rapid assessment of elemental, density and textural variations in a wide range of sediments and other materials, with applications ranging from palaeoceanography, paleoclimatology, geology, and environmental forensics to environmental protection. In general, scanning provides rapid, non-destructive acquisition of elemental and textural variations at sub-millimetre resolution for a wide range of materials. Numerous procedural adaptations have been developed for the growing number of applications, such as analyses of unconsolidated, water-rich sediments, powdered soil samples, or resin bags. Here, practical expertise and guidance from the Itrax community, gained over 15 years, is presented that should provide insights for new and experienced users.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure
- Author
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operators, Itrax, Bloemsma, Menno, Croudace, Ian, Daly, J Stephen, Edwards, Robin J, Francus, Pierre, Galloway, Jennifer M, Gregory, Braden R.B., Huang, Jyh-Jaa, Jones, Anna, Kylander, Malin, Lowemark, Ludvig, Luo, Yangbing, Maclachlan, Suzanne, Ohlendorf, Christian, Patterson, R. Timothy, Pearce, Christof, Profe, Jorn, Reinhardt, Eduard G, Stranne, Christian, Tjallingii, Rik, Turner, Jonathan N, operators, Itrax, Bloemsma, Menno, Croudace, Ian, Daly, J Stephen, Edwards, Robin J, Francus, Pierre, Galloway, Jennifer M, Gregory, Braden R.B., Huang, Jyh-Jaa, Jones, Anna, Kylander, Malin, Lowemark, Ludvig, Luo, Yangbing, Maclachlan, Suzanne, Ohlendorf, Christian, Patterson, R. Timothy, Pearce, Christof, Profe, Jorn, Reinhardt, Eduard G, Stranne, Christian, Tjallingii, Rik, and Turner, Jonathan N
- Abstract
XRF core scanning has evolved to become a standard analytical technique for the rapid assessment of elemental, density and textural variations in a wide range of sediments and other materials, with applications ranging from palaeoceanography, paleoclimatology, geology, and environmental forensics to environmental protection. In general, scanning provides rapid, non-destructive acquisition of elemental and textural variations at sub-millimetre resolution for a wide range of materials. Numerous procedural adaptations have been developed for the growing number of applications, such as analyses of unconsolidated, water-rich sediments, powdered soil samples, or resin bags. Here, practical expertise and guidance from the Itrax community, gained over 15 years, is presented that should provide insights for new and experienced users.
- Published
- 2019
7. Relative sea-level change in Newfoundland, Canada during the past 3000 years
- Author
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Kemp, Andrew C., Wright, Alexander J., Edwards, Robin J., Barnett, Robert, Brain, Matthew J., Kopp, Robert E., Cahill, Niamh, Horton, Benjamin P., Charman, Daniel J., Hawkes, Andrea D., Hill, Troy D., van de Plaasche, Orson, Kemp, Andrew C., Wright, Alexander J., Edwards, Robin J., Barnett, Robert, Brain, Matthew J., Kopp, Robert E., Cahill, Niamh, Horton, Benjamin P., Charman, Daniel J., Hawkes, Andrea D., Hill, Troy D., and van de Plaasche, Orson
- Abstract
Several processes contributing to coastal relative sea-level (RSL) change in the North Atlantic Ocean are observed and/or predicted to have distinctive spatial expressions that vary by latitude. To expand the latitudinal range of RSL records spanning the past ~3000 years and the likelihood of recognizing the characteristic fingerprints of these processes, we reconstructed RSL at two sites (Big River and Placentia) in Newfoundland from salt-marsh sediment. Bayesian transfer functions established the height of former sea level from preserved assemblages of foraminifera and testate amoebae. Age-depth models constrained by radiocarbon dates and chronohorizons estimated the timing of sediment deposition. During the past ~3000 years, RSL rose by ~3.0 m at Big River and by ~1.5 m at Placentia. A locally calibrated geotechnical model showed that post-depositional lowering through sediment compaction was minimal. To isolate and quantify contributions to RSL from global, regional linear, regional non-linear, and localscale processes, we decomposed the new reconstructions (and those in an expanded, global database) using a spatio-temporal statistical model. The global component confirms that 20th century sea-level rise occurred at the fastest, century-scale rate in over 3000 years (P > 0.999). Distinguishing the contributions from local and regional non-linear processes is made challenging by a sparse network of reconstructions. However, only a small contribution from local-scale processes is necessary to reconcile RSL reconstructions and modeled RSL trends. We identified three latitudinally-organized groups of sites that share coherent regional non-linear trends and indicate that dynamic redistribution of ocean mass by currents and/or winds was likely an important driver of sea-level change in the North Atlantic Ocean during the past ~3000 years.
- Published
- 2018
8. Reconstructing the accumulation history of a saltmarsh sediment core: which age-depth model is best?
- Author
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Wright, Alexander J., Edwards, Robin J., van de Plaasche, Orson, Blaauw, Maarten, Parnell, Andrew, van der Borge, Klaas, de Jonge, A., Roe, Helen M., Selby, Katherine, Black, Stuart, Wright, Alexander J., Edwards, Robin J., van de Plaasche, Orson, Blaauw, Maarten, Parnell, Andrew, van der Borge, Klaas, de Jonge, A., Roe, Helen M., Selby, Katherine, and Black, Stuart
- Abstract
Saltmarsh-based reconstructions of relative sea-level (RSL) change play a central role in current efforts seeking to quantify the relationship between climate and sea-level rise. The development of an accurate chronology is pivotal, since errors in age–depth relationships will propagate to the final record as alterations in both the timing and magnitude of reconstructed change. A range of age-depth modelling packages are available but differences in their theoretical basis and practical operation mean contrasting accumulation histories can be produced from the same dataset. We compare the performance of five age-depth modelling programs (Bacon, Bchron, Bpeat, Clam and OxCal) when applied to the kinds of data used in high resolution, saltmarsh-based RSL reconstructions. We investigate their relative performance by comparing modelled accumulation curves against known age–depth relationships generated from simulated stratigraphic sequences. Bpeat is particularly sensitive to non-linearities which, whilst maximising the detection of small rate changes, has the potential to generate spurious variations, particularly in the last 400 years. Bacon generally replicates the pattern and magnitude of change but with notable offsets in timing. Bchron and OxCal successfully constrain the known accumulation history within their error envelopes although the best-fit solutions tend to underestimate the magnitude of change. The best-fit solutions of Clam generally replicate the timing and magnitude of changes well, but are sensitive to the underlying shape of the calibration curve, performing poorly where plateaus in atmospheric 14C concentration exist. We employ an ensemble of age-depth models to reconstruct a 1500 year accumulation history for a saltmarsh core recovered from Connecticut, USA based on a composite chronology comprising 26 AMS radiocarbon dates, 210Pb, 137Cs radionuclides and an historical pollen chronohorizon. The resulting record reveals non-linear accumulation duri
- Published
- 2017
9. Late Quaternary evolution and sea-level history of a glaciated marine embayment, Bantry Bay, SW Ireland
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Plets, Ruth M.K., Callard, S. Louise, Cooper, J. Andrew G., Long, Antony J., Quinn, Rory J., Belknap, Daniel F., Edwards, Robin J., Jackson, Derek W.T., Kelley, Joseph T., Long, David, Milne, Glenn A., Monteys, Xavier, Plets, Ruth M.K., Callard, S. Louise, Cooper, J. Andrew G., Long, Antony J., Quinn, Rory J., Belknap, Daniel F., Edwards, Robin J., Jackson, Derek W.T., Kelley, Joseph T., Long, David, Milne, Glenn A., and Monteys, Xavier
- Abstract
Ireland experienced a spatially complex pattern of relative sea-level (RSL) changes and shoreline development caused by the interplay of isostatic and eustatic (ice equivalent sea level) processes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Using a combination of high-resolutionmarine geophysical data, vibrocores, foraminiferal analysis and 10 AMS radiocarbon dates, we reconstruct the Late Quaternary evolution and RSL history of Bantry Bay, a large (40 km long, 5–10 km wide) embayment in SW Ireland. The data indicate two infill phases: one before and one after the LGM, separated by glacial and lowstand sediments. The pre-LGM history is not dated and the depositional history is inferred. A large sediment lobe formed at the outer edge of Bantry Bay as a lowstand ice-proximal glacimarine outwash system as the ice retreated after the LGM, at a sea level ca. 80 m lower than present. Iceberg scour immediately west of this location likely relate to the break-up of the local Kerry–Cork Ice Cap. Long curvilinear ridges, seen both offshore and on top of the sediment lobe, probably formed as shoreface ridges under stronger-than-present tidal currents during a period of RSL stability (pre-14.6 ka cal BP). A subsequent infill phase is characterised by a basin-wide erosional (ravinement) surface and the deposition of inter- and sub-tidal estuarine sediments. Although our data support the general trends, our stratigraphic and radiocarbon data suggest a higher sea level between 11 and 13.5 ka cal BP than predicted by existing glacial isostatic adjustment models.
- Published
- 2015
10. Modelling the development of rocky shoreline profiles along the northern coast of Ireland
- Author
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Thébaudeau, Benjamin, primary, Trenhaile, Alan S., additional, and Edwards, Robin J., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Quantifying Holocene sea-level change using intertidal foraminifera: lessons from the British Isles
- Author
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Horton, Benjamin P., primary and Edwards, Robin J., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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