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1. Development and Implementation of the AIDA International Registry for Patients With Still's Disease

Author

Vitale, A. Della Casa, F. Lopalco, G. Pereira, R.M. Ruscitti, P. Giacomelli, R. Ragab, G. La Torre, F. Bartoloni, E. Del Giudice, E. Lomater, C. Emmi, G. Govoni, M. Maggio, M.C. Maier, A. Makowska, J. Ogunjimi, B. Sfikakis, P.P. Sfriso, P. Gaggiano, C. Iannone, F. Dagostin, M.A. Di Cola, I. Navarini, L. Ahmed Mahmoud, A.A. Cardinale, F. Riccucci, I. Paroli, M.P. Marucco, E.M. Mattioli, I. Sota, J. Abbruzzese, A. Antonelli, I.P.B. Cipriani, P. Tufan, A. Fabiani, C. Ramadan, M.M. Cattalini, M. Kardas, R.C. Sebastiani, G.D. Giardini, H.A.M. Hernández-Rodríguez, J. Mastrorilli, V. Więsik-Szewczyk, E. Frassi, M. Caggiano, V. Telesca, S. Giordano, H.F. Guadalupi, E. Giani, T. Renieri, A. Colella, S. Cataldi, G. Gentile, M. Fabbiani, A. Al-Maghlouth, I.A. Frediani, B. Balistreri, A. Rigante, D. Cantarini, L. The Autoinflammatory Diseases Alliance (AIDA) Network

Abstract

Objective: Aim of this paper is to present the design, construction, and modalities of dissemination of the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) International Registry for patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), which are the pediatric and adult forms of the same autoinflammatory disorder. Methods: This Registry is a clinical, physician-driven, population- and electronic-based instrument implemented for the retrospective and prospective collection of real-world data. The collection of data is based on the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool and is intended to obtain evidence drawn from routine patients' management. The collection of standardized data is thought to bring knowledge about real-life clinical research and potentially communicate with other existing and future Registries dedicated to Still's disease. Moreover, it has been conceived to be flexible enough to easily change according to future scientific acquisitions. Results: Starting from June 30th to February 7th, 2022, 110 Centers from 23 Countries in 4 continents have been involved. Fifty-four of these have already obtained the approval from their local Ethics Committees. Currently, the platform counts 290 users (111 Principal Investigators, 175 Site Investigators, 2 Lead Investigators, and 2 data managers). The Registry collects baseline and follow-up data using 4449 fields organized into 14 instruments, including patient's demographics, history, clinical manifestations and symptoms, trigger/risk factors, therapies and healthcare access. Conclusions: This international Registry for patients with Still's disease will allow a robust clinical research through collection of standardized data, international consultation, dissemination of knowledge, and implementation of observational studies based on wide cohorts of patients followed-up for very long periods. Solid evidence drawn from “real-life” data represents the ultimate goal of this Registry, which has been implemented to significantly improve the overall management of patients with Still's disease. NCT 05200715 available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Copyright © 2022 Vitale, Della Casa, Lopalco, Pereira, Ruscitti, Giacomelli, Ragab, La Torre, Bartoloni, Del Giudice, Lomater, Emmi, Govoni, Maggio, Maier, Makowska, Ogunjimi, Sfikakis, Sfriso, Gaggiano, Iannone, Dagostin, Di Cola, Navarini, Ahmed Mahmoud, Cardinale, Riccucci, Paroli, Marucco, Mattioli, Sota, Abbruzzese, Antonelli, Cipriani, Tufan, Fabiani, Ramadan, Cattalini, Kardas, Sebastiani, Giardini, Hernández-Rodríguez, Mastrorilli, Więsik-Szewczyk, Frassi, Caggiano, Telesca, Giordano, Guadalupi, Giani, Renieri, Colella, Cataldi, Gentile, Fabbiani, Al-Maghlouth, Frediani, Balistreri, Rigante and Cantarini.

Published
2022

2. The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXIX. No detection of reflected light from 51 Peg b using optical high-resolution spectroscopy

Author

Scandariato, G, Borsa, F, Sicilia, D, Malavolta, L, Biazzo, K, Bonomo, A, Bruno, G, Claudi, R, Covino, E, Di Marcantonio, P, Esposito, M, Frustagli, G, Lanza, A, Maldonado, J, Maggio, A, Mancini, L, Micela, G, Nardiello, D, Rainer, M, Singh, V, Sozzetti, A, Affer, L, Benatti, S, Bignamini, A, Biliotti, V, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R, Carleo, I, Cosentino, R, Damasso, M, Desidera, S, Garcia de Gurtubai, A, Ghedina, A, Giacobbe, P, Giani, E, Harutyunyan, A, Hernandez, N, Hernandez Diaz, M, Knapic, C, Leto, G, Martìnez Fiorenzano, A, Molinari, E, Nascimbeni, V, Pagano, I, Pedani, M, Piotto, G, Poretti, E, Stoev, H, G. Scandariato, F. Borsa, D. Sicilia, L. Malavolta, K. Biazzo, A. S. Bonomo, G. Bruno, R. Claudi, E. Covino, P. Di Marcantonio, M. Esposito, G. Frustagli, A. F. Lanza, J. Maldonado, A. Maggio, L. Mancini, G. Micela, D. Nardiello, M. Rainer, V. Singh, A. Sozzetti, L. Affer, S. Benatti, A. Bignamini, V. Biliotti, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, I. Carleo, R. Cosentino, M. Damasso, S. Desidera, A. Garcia de Gurtubai, A. Ghedina, P. Giacobbe, E. Giani, A. Harutyunyan, N. Hernandez, M. Hernandez Diaz, C. Knapic, G. Leto, A. F. Martìnez Fiorenzano, E. Molinari, V. Nascimbeni, I. Pagano, M. Pedani, G. Piotto, E. Poretti, H. Stoev, Scandariato, G, Borsa, F, Sicilia, D, Malavolta, L, Biazzo, K, Bonomo, A, Bruno, G, Claudi, R, Covino, E, Di Marcantonio, P, Esposito, M, Frustagli, G, Lanza, A, Maldonado, J, Maggio, A, Mancini, L, Micela, G, Nardiello, D, Rainer, M, Singh, V, Sozzetti, A, Affer, L, Benatti, S, Bignamini, A, Biliotti, V, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R, Carleo, I, Cosentino, R, Damasso, M, Desidera, S, Garcia de Gurtubai, A, Ghedina, A, Giacobbe, P, Giani, E, Harutyunyan, A, Hernandez, N, Hernandez Diaz, M, Knapic, C, Leto, G, Martìnez Fiorenzano, A, Molinari, E, Nascimbeni, V, Pagano, I, Pedani, M, Piotto, G, Poretti, E, Stoev, H, G. Scandariato, F. Borsa, D. Sicilia, L. Malavolta, K. Biazzo, A. S. Bonomo, G. Bruno, R. Claudi, E. Covino, P. Di Marcantonio, M. Esposito, G. Frustagli, A. F. Lanza, J. Maldonado, A. Maggio, L. Mancini, G. Micela, D. Nardiello, M. Rainer, V. Singh, A. Sozzetti, L. Affer, S. Benatti, A. Bignamini, V. Biliotti, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, I. Carleo, R. Cosentino, M. Damasso, S. Desidera, A. Garcia de Gurtubai, A. Ghedina, P. Giacobbe, E. Giani, A. Harutyunyan, N. Hernandez, M. Hernandez Diaz, C. Knapic, G. Leto, A. F. Martìnez Fiorenzano, E. Molinari, V. Nascimbeni, I. Pagano, M. Pedani, G. Piotto, E. Poretti, and H. Stoev

Abstract

Context. The analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres by means of high-resolution spectroscopy is an expanding research field which provides information on the chemical composition, thermal structure, atmospheric dynamics, and orbital velocity of exoplanets. Aims. In this work, we aim to detect the light reflected by the exoplanet 51 Peg b by employing optical high-resolution spectroscopy. Methods. To detect the light reflected by the planetary dayside, we used optical High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere spectra taken near the superior conjunction of the planet, when the flux contrast between the planet and the star is maximum. To search for the weak planetary signal, we cross-correlated the observed spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio stellar spectrum. Results. We homogeneously analyze the available datasets and derive a 10-5 upper limit on the planet-to-star flux contrast in the optical. Conclusions. The upper limit on the planet-to-star flux contrast of 10-5 translates into a low albedo of the planetary atmosphere (Ag 0.05-0.15 for an assumed planetary radius in the range of 1.5-0.9 RJup, as estimated from the planet's mass).

Published
2021

3. Disk and wind interaction in the young stellar object MWC 297 spatially resolved with AMBER/VLTI

Author

F. Malbet, M. Benisty, W.-J. de Wit, S. Kraus, A. Meilland, F. Millour, E. Tatulli, J.-P. Berger, O. Chesneau, K.-H. Hofmann, A. Isella, A. Natta, R. G. Petrov, T. Preibisch, P. Stee, L. Testi, G. Weigelt, P. Antonelli, U. Beckmann, Y. Bresson, A. Chelli, M. Dugué, G. Duvert, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, S. Lagarde, E. Le Coarer, F. Lisi, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Roussel, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, E. Aristidi, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, A. Delboulbé, A. Domiciano de Souza, T. Driebe, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, A. Marconi, G. Mars, G. Martinot-Lagarde, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, D. Mourard, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, D. Schertl, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, A. Spang, P. Stefanini, M. Tallon, I. Tallon-Bosc, D. Tasso, F. Vakili, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, M. Vannier, and N. Ventura

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Young stellar object, Continuum (design consultancy), Visibility (geometry), Equator, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Thick disk, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation)
Abstract

The young stellar object MWC 297 has been observed with the VLT interferometer equipped with the AMBER instrument. MWC 297 has been spatially resolved in the continuum with a visibility of 0.50 as well as in the Br gamma emission line where the visibility decrease to a lower value of 0.33. This change in the visibility with the wavelength can be interpreted by the presence of an optically thick disk responsible for the visibility in the continuum and of a stellar wind traced by Br gamma and whose apparent size is 40% larger. We validate this interpretation by building a model of the stellar environment that combines a geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disk model consisting of gas and dust, and a latitude-dependent stellar wind outflowing above the disk surface. The continuum emission and visibilities obtained from this model are fully consistent with the interferometric AMBER data. They agree also with existing optical, near-infrared spectra and other broad-band near-infrared interferometric visibilities. A picture emerges in which MWC 297 is surrounded by an equatorial flat disk that is possibly still accreting and an outflowing wind which has a much higher velocity in the polar region than at the equator. [abridged]

Published
2007
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4. Didactic/research

Author

L. Amistadi, E. Giani, M. Landsberger, S. Marini, M. Marzo, D. Nencini, V. P. Mosco, E. Narne, L. A. Pezzetti, G. Rakowitz, SCAVUZZO, GIUSEPPINA, L., Amistadi, E., Giani, M., Landsberger, S., Marini, M., Marzo, D., Nencini, V. P., Mosco, E., Narne, L. A., Pezzetti, G., Rakowitz, and Scavuzzo, Giuseppina

Subjects
research, Architectural composition, Didactic
Abstract

Considering the involvement of the researchers at all levels of the didactic, it may be assumed that the transmissibility of the architectonic composition is a question of priority for them, at least for two areas of the relationship research/didactic: research about the didactic and research through the didactic experimentation. Didactic and research come closer when it is understood that nothing is transmissible except thought means not teaching something already worked out, or well know, but to transmit an attitude towards to search. Contemporary pedagogy, appropriating Derrida's deconstruction, indicates in the form of awakening the method for a discipline that eschews the evidence, the convention, which is not deaf to the contingent event and everything that can be generated but has not yet been revealed.

Published
2013

5. An asymmetry detected in the disk of κ Canis Majoris with AMBER/VLTI

Author

A. Meilland, F. Millour, P. Stee, A. Domiciano de Souza, R. G. Petrov, D. Mourard, S. Jankov, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Spang, E. Aristidi, P. Antonelli, U. Beckmann, Y. Bresson, A. Chelli, M. Dugué, G. Duvert, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, S. Lagarde, E. Le Coarer, F. Lisi, F. Malbet, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, A. Roussel, E. Tatulli, G. Weigelt, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, A. Delboulbé, T. Driebe, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, K.-H. Hofmann, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, S. Kraus, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, A. Marconi, G. Mars, G. Martinot-Lagarde, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, D. Schertl, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, P. Stefanini, M. Tallon, I. Tallon-Bosc, D. Tasso, L. Testi, F. Vakili, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, M. Vannier, and N. Ventura

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Be star, media_common.quotation_subject, Continuum (design consultancy), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Stars, Polar wind, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Line (formation)
Abstract

Aims. We study the geometry and kinematics of the circumstellar environment of the Be star Kappa CMa in the Br gamma emission line and its nearby continuum. Methods. We use the VLTI/AMBER instrument operating in the K band which provides a spatial resolution of about 6 mas with a spectral resolution of 1500 to study the kinematics within the disk and to infer its rotation law. In order to obtain more kinematical constraints we also use an high spectral resolution Pa beta line profile obtain in December 2005 at the Observatorio do Pico do Dios, Brazil and we compile V/R line profile variations and spectral energy distribution data points from the literature. Results. Using differential visibilities and differential phases across the Br gamma line we detect an asymmetry in the disk. Moreover, we found that kappa CMa seems difficult to fit within the classical scenario for Be stars, illustrated recently by alpha Arae observations, i.e. a fast rotating B star close to its breakup velocity surrounded by a Keplerian circumstellar disk with an enhanced polar wind. Finally we discuss the possibility for kappa CMa to be a critical rotator with a Keplerian rotating disk and try to see if the detected asymmetry can be interpreted within the "one-armed" viscous disk framework.

Published
2006
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6. Optical configuration and analysis of the AMBER/VLTI instrument

Author

S. Robbe-Dubois, S. Lagarde, R. G. Petrov, F. Lisi, U. Beckmann, P. Antonelli, Y. Bresson, G. Martinot-Lagarde, A. Roussel, P. Salinari, M. Vannier, A. Chelli, M. Dugué, G. Duvert, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, E. Le Coarer, F. Malbet, F. Millour, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, E. Tatulli, G. Weigelt, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, E. Aristidi, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, L. Delage, A. Delboulbé, A. Domiciano de Souza, T. Driebe, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, K.-H. Hofmann, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, S. Kraus, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, A. Marconi, G. Mars, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, D. Mourard, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, D. Schertl, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, A. Spang, P. Stee, P. Stefanini, M. Tallon, I. Tallon-Bosc, D. Tasso, L. Testi, F. Vakili, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, N. Ventura, Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galilée (Galilée), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), 010309 optics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, numerical, interferometers, instrumentation: high angular resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Visibility, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Basis (linear algebra), Spatial filter, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Emphasis (telecommunications), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Differential phase, Transmission (telecommunications), Space and Planetary Science, methods : analytical, business, Realization (systems), laboratory
Abstract

This paper describes the design goals and engineering efforts that led to the realization of AMBER (Astronomical Multi BEam combineR) and to the achievement of its present performance. On the basis of the general instrumental concept, AMBER was decomposed into modules whose functions and detailed characteristics are given. Emphasis is put on the spatial filtering system, a key element of the instrument. We established a budget for transmission and contrast degradation through the different modules, and made the detailed optical design. The latter confirmed the overall performance of the instrument and defined the exact implementation of the AMBER optics. The performance was assessed with laboratory measurements and commissionings at the VLTI, in terms of spectral coverage and resolution, instrumental contrast higher than 0.80, minimum magnitude of 11 in K, absolute visibility accuracy of 1%, and differential phase stability of 1E-3 rad over one minute., Comment: 14 pages

Published
2007
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7. Near-infrared interferometry of eta Carinae with spectral resolutions of 1 500 and 12 000 using AMBER/VLTI

Author

G. Weigelt, S. Kraus, T. Driebe, R. G. Petrov, K.-H. Hofmann, F. Millour, O. Chesneau, D. Schertl, F. Malbet, D. J. Hillier, T. Gull, K. Davidson, A. Domiciano de Souza, P. Antonelli, U. Beckmann, Y. Bresson, A. Chelli, M. Dugué, G. Duvert, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, S. Lagarde, E. Le Coarer, F. Lisi, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Roussel, E. Tatulli, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, E. Aristidi, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, A. Delboulbé, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, A. Marconi, G. Mars, G. Martinot-Lagarde, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, D. Mourard, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, A. Spang, P. Stee, P. Stefanini, M. Tallon, I. Tallon-Bosc, D. Tasso, L. Testi, F. Vakili, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, M. Vannier, N. Ventura, K. Weis, M. Wittkowski, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Fresnel (FRESNEL), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), European Southern Observatory (ESO), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation (CFHT), National Research Council of Canada (NRC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), PHOTONIQUE, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Continuum (design consultancy), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, circumstellar matter, emission-line Be, outflows, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, infrared: stars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Very Large Telescope, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Position angle, stars: individual: ηCarinae, winds, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, techniques: interferometric, stars: mass-loss
Abstract

Aims. We present the first NIR spectro-interferometry of the LBV ? Carinae. The observations were performed with the AMBER instrument of the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) using baselines from 42 to 89 m. The aim of this work is to study the wavelength dependence of ? Car's optically thick wind region with a high spatial resolution of 5 mas (11 AU) and high spectral resolution. Methods: The observations were carried out with three 8.2 m Unit Telescopes in the K-band. The raw data are spectrally dispersed interferograms obtained with spectral resolutions of 1500 (MR-K mode) and 12 000 (HR-K mode). The MR-K observations were performed in the wavelength range around both the He I 2.059 ?m and the Br? 2.166 ?m emission lines, the HR-K observations only in the Br? line region. Results: The spectrally dispersed AMBER interferograms allow the investigation of the wavelength dependence of the visibility, differential phase, and closure phase of ? Car. In the K-band continuum, a diameter of 4.0±0.2 mas (Gaussian FWHM, fit range 28-89 m baseline length) was measured for ? Car's optically thick wind region. If we fit Hillier et al. (2001, ApJ, 553, 837) model visibilities to the observed AMBER visibilities, we obtain 50% encircled-energy diameters of 4.2, 6.5 and 9.6 mas in the 2.17 ?m continuum, the He I, and the Br? emission lines, respectively. In the continuum near the Br? line, an elongation along a position angle of 120°±15° was found, consistent with previous VINCI/VLTI measurements by van Boekel et al. (2003, A&A, 410, L37). We compare the measured visibilities with predictions of the radiative transfer model of Hillier et al. (2001), finding good agreement. Furthermore, we discuss the detectability of the hypothetical hot binary companion. For the interpretation of the non-zero differential and closure phases measured within the Br? line, we present a simple geometric model of an inclined, latitude-dependent wind zone. Our observations support theoretical models of anisotropic winds from fast-rotating, luminous hot stars with enhanced high-velocity mass loss near the polar regions. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile, within the AMBER guaranteed time programme 074.A-9025 and the VLTI science demonstration programme 074.A-9024.

Published
2007
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8. Direct constraint on the distance of Gamma2 Velorum from AMBER/VLTI observations

Author

F. Millour, R. G. Petrov, O. Chesneau, D. Bonneau, L. Dessart, C. Bechet, I. Tallon-Bosc, M. Tallon, E. Thiébaut, F. Vakili, F. Malbet, D. Mourard, P. Antonelli, U. Beckmann, Y. Bresson, A. Chelli, M. Dugué, G. Duvert, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, S. Lagarde, E. Le Coarer, F. Lisi, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Roussel, E. Tatulli, G. Weigelt, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, E. Aristidi, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, A. Delboulbé, A. Domiciano de Souza, T. Driebe, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, K.-H. Hofmann, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, S. Kraus, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, A. Marconi, G. Mars, G. Martinot-Lagarde, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, D. Schertl, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, A. Spang, P. Stee, P. Stefanini, D. Tasso, L. Testi, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, M. Vannier, N. Ventura, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Steward Observatory (STEWARD OBSERVATORY), University of Arizona, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), European Southern Observatory (ESO), PHOTONIQUE, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), AMBER, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, Ranging, Astrophysics, Spectral bands, Position angle, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Binary system, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; In this work, we present the first AMBER observations, of the Wolf-Rayet and O (WR+O) star binary system y² Velorum. The AMBER instrument was used with the telescopes UT2, UT3, and UT4 on baselines ranging from 46m to 85m. It delivered spectrally dispersed visibilities, as well as differential and closure phases, with a resolution R = 1500 in the spectral band 1.95-2.17 micron. We interpret these data in the context of a binary system with unresolved components, neglecting in a first approximation the wind-wind collision zone flux contribution. We show that the AMBER observables result primarily from the contribution of the individual components of the WR+O binary system. We discuss several interpretations of the residuals, and speculate on the detection of an additional continuum component, originating from the free-free emission associated with the wind-wind collision zone (WWCZ), and contributing at most to the observed K-band flux at the 5% level. The expected absolute separation and position angle at the time of observations were 5.1±0.9mas and 66±15° respectively. However, we infer a separation of 3.62+0.11-0.30 mas and a position angle of 73+9-11°. Our analysis thus implies that the binary system lies at a distance of 368+38-13 pc, in agreement with recent spectrophotometric estimates, but significantly larger than the Hipparcos value of 258+41-31 pc.

Published
2007
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9. Constraining the wind launching region in Herbig Ae stars: AMBER/VLTI spectroscopy of HD104237

Author

E. Tatulli, A. Isella, A. Natta, L. Testi, A. Marconi, F. Malbet, P. Stee, R. G. Petrov, F. Millour, A. Chelli, G. Duvert, P. Antonelli, U. Beckmann, Y. Bresson, M. Dugué, S. Gennari, L. Glück, P. Kern, S. Lagarde, E. Le Coarer, F. Lisi, K. Perraut, P. Puget, F. Rantakyrö, S. Robbe-Dubois, A. Roussel, G. Weigelt, G. Zins, M. Accardo, B. Acke, K. Agabi, E. Altariba, B. Arezki, E. Aristidi, C. Baffa, J. Behrend, T. Blöcker, S. Bonhomme, S. Busoni, F. Cassaing, J.-M. Clausse, J. Colin, C. Connot, A. Delboulbé, A. Domiciano de Souza, T. Driebe, P. Feautrier, D. Ferruzzi, T. Forveille, E. Fossat, R. Foy, D. Fraix-Burnet, A. Gallardo, E. Giani, C. Gil, A. Glentzlin, M. Heiden, M. Heininger, O. Hernandez Utrera, K.-H. Hofmann, D. Kamm, M. Kiekebusch, S. Kraus, D. Le Contel, J.-M. Le Contel, T. Lesourd, B. Lopez, M. Lopez, Y. Magnard, G. Mars, G. Martinot-Lagarde, P. Mathias, P. Mège, J.-L. Monin, D. Mouillet, D. Mourard, E. Nussbaum, K. Ohnaka, J. Pacheco, C. Perrier, Y. Rabbia, S. Rebattu, F. Reynaud, A. Richichi, A. Robini, M. Sacchettini, D. Schertl, M. Schöller, W. Solscheid, A. Spang, P. Stefanini, M. Tallon, I. Tallon-Bosc, D. Tasso, F. Vakili, O. von der Lühe, J.-C. Valtier, M. Vannier, N. Ventura, Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galilée (Galilée), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Astronomical unit, Continuum (design consultancy), Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Stars, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Peak intensity, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation)
Abstract

We investigate the origin of the $\mathrm{Br}\gamma$ emission of the Herbig Ae star HD104237 on Astronomical Unit (AU) scales. Using AMBER/VLTI at a spectral resolution R=1500 spatially resolve the emission in both the BrGamma line and the adjacent continuum. The visibility does not vary between the continuum and the BrGamma line, even though the line is strongly detected in the spectrum, with a peak intensity 35% above the continuum. This demonstrates that the line and continuum emission have similar size scales. We assume that the K-band continuum excess originates in a ``puffed-up'' inner rim of the circumstellar disk, and discuss the likely origin of BrGamma. We conclude that this emission most likely arises from a compact disk wind, launched from a region 0.2-0.5 AU from the star, with a spatial extent similar to that of the near infrared continuum emission region, i.e, very close to the inner rim location., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted in A&A

Published
2006
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10. LonGSp: the Gornergrat Longslit Infrared Spectrometer

Author

E. Giani, Franco Lisi, V. Biliotti, L. Vanzi, Leslie K. Hunt, M. Sozzi, Alessandro Marconi, Sandro Gennari, G. Marcucci, Filippo Mannucci, and Carlo Baffa

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Pixel, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Infrared telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Field of view, Astrophysics, Grating, Cardinal point, Optics, Observatory, business
Abstract

We present a near-infrared cooled grating spectrometer that has been developed at the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory for the 1.5 m Infrared Telescope at Gornergrat (TIRGO). The spectrometer is equipped with cooled reflective optics and a grating in Littrow configuration. The detector is an engineering grade Rockwell NICMOS3 array (256x256 pixels of 40 $\mu$m). The scale on the focal plane is 1.73 arcsec/pixel and the field of view along the slit is 70 arcsec. The accessible spectral range is 0.95-2.5 $\mu$m with a dispersion, at first order, of about 11.5 angstroms/pixel. This paper presents a complete description of the instrument, including its optics and cryo-mechanical system, along with astronomical results from test observations, started in 1994. Since January 1996, LonGSp is offered to TIRGO users and employed in several Galactic and extragalactic programs., Comment: 5 pages LaTeX with 5 eps figures (included). To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supp. Require LaTeX style l-aa (from A&A)

Published
1997

11. Pirprofen in the Treatment of Sports Injuries

Author

Alberto Ventura, E. Porretti, V. Azzolini, F. Braconaro, P. Volpi, E. Giani, V. Maresca, and U. Garagiola

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sports injury, Clinical variables, Adolescent, Movement, medicine.medical_treatment, Pain, Biochemistry, Oral administration, Pirprofen, Gastro, Internal medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Medicine, Chemotherapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Phenylpropionates, biology, business.industry, Athletes, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Single centre, Acute Disease, Athletic Injuries, Chronic Disease, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Patients with sports injuries were treated with pirprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in two separate studies. In the single centre study, 39 athletes were treated with 1000 mg/day pirprofen for 2 weeks. In the multicentre study, a further 80 athletes were treated with a variable dosage (600 − 1200 mg/day) until the disappearance of symptoms, but for no longer than 2 weeks. Efficacy was considered excellent or good in 99/119 (83%) of the patients treated. The clinical variables of pain and mobility significantly ( P

Published
1989
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12. A receptor-antibody sandwich assay for teicoplanin

Author

Angelo Corti, E Giani, L Cavenaghi, G Cassani, Corti, Angelo, Cavenaghi, L, Giani, E, and Cassani, G.

Subjects
Quality Control, Clinical Biochemistry, Antibodies, Vancomycin, medicine, Humans, Incubation, Ascitic fluid, Detection limit, Chromatography, biology, Teicoplanin, Chemistry, Chromogenic, Biochemistry (medical), Glycopeptides, Exudates and Transudates, Immunosorbents, Receptor antibody, Anti-Bacterial Agents, carbohydrates (lipids), Immunologic Techniques, biology.protein, Antibody, medicine.drug
Abstract

We have developed a new method for quantifying teicoplanin in complex matrixes, a receptor-antibody sandwich assay (RASA). The method is based on bioselective adsorption of teicoplanin onto microtiter plates coated with albumin-epsilon-aminocaproyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, a synthetic analog of its biological target, and reaction with anti-teicoplanin antibodies. The sandwich complexes are detected by incubation with peroxidase-labeled goat antibodies to rabbit IgGs and chromogenic reaction with o-phenylenediamine. The dose-response curve was linear for teicoplanin concentrations in the range from 0 to 0.15 mg/L. We used the assay to measure teicoplanin concentrations in various biological matrixes. Analytical recovery from serum was 99.5%, the interassay CV was 5.1%, and the detection limit was 30 micrograms/L (P less than 0.01). Mean analytical recoveries from other biological specimens were 98% from ascitic fluid, 100% from pleuric liquid, 104.8% from prostate homogenate, and 98.5% from bronchial expectorate.

13. IMMUNOLOGICAL PATTERNS DURING REGULAR INTENSIVE TRAINING IN ATHLETES - QUANTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF A PREVENTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH

Author

F Confalonieri, E Giani, A Pecori, E Gross, Pasquale Ferrante, M Buzzetti, Roberta Mancuso, Mauro Montanari, V Polin, U Garagiola, and E Cardella

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Neutrophils, Population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lymphocyte Activation, Immunoglobulin E, Thymus Extracts, Biochemistry, Immunoglobulin G, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Homeostasis, Humans, Medicine, Clinical significance, Child, education, B-Lymphocytes, education.field_of_study, Physical Education and Training, biology, business.industry, Macrophages, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Lymphocyte Subsets, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Immunoglobulin M, Immune System, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, Follow-Up Studies, Sports
Abstract

The effects of regular intensive exercise training on immune system homeostasis and the potential value of treatment with an immunostimulating agent were assessed in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 60 athletes were studied over a 3-month period of regular intensive physical activity. After 1 and 3 months there were significant decreases in the immunoglobulin levels in the whole athlete population compared with baseline values. Specifically there were significant decreases in immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (G1 and G2 subclasses). There was also a significant decrease in natural killer cells and a slight but significant increase in B and T lymphocytes. In the thymomodulin-treated group, unlike the placebo group, there was no significant decrease in the immunoglobulin G2 subclass and there was a significant increase in the T-helper cell subpopulation. The clinical relevance of these immunological findings should be evaluated in larger clinical and epidemiological studies.

14. VC-resist glioblastoma cell state: vessel co-option as a key driver of chemoradiation resistance.

Author

Pichol-Thievend C, Anezo O, Pettiwala AM, Bourmeau G, Montagne R, Lyne AM, Guichet PO, Deshors P, Ballestín A, Blanchard B, Reveilles J, Ravi VM, Joseph K, Heiland DH, Julien B, Leboucher S, Besse L, Legoix P, Dingli F, Liva S, Loew D, Giani E, Ribecco V, Furumaya C, Marcos-Kovandzic L, Masliantsev K, Daubon T, Wang L, Diaz AA, Schnell O, Beck J, Servant N, Karayan-Tapon L, Cavalli FMG, and Seano G

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Chemoradiotherapy methods, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Radiation Tolerance, YAP-Signaling Proteins metabolism, Brain metabolism, Brain pathology, Proteomics, Glioblastoma metabolism, Glioblastoma pathology, Glioblastoma drug therapy, Glioblastoma genetics, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Brain Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal type of cancer. GBM recurrence following chemoradiation is typically attributed to the regrowth of invasive and resistant cells. Therefore, there is a pressing need to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying GBM resistance to chemoradiation and its ability to infiltrate. Using a combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses, longitudinal imaging, organotypic cultures, functional assays, animal studies, and clinical data analyses, we demonstrate that chemoradiation and brain vasculature induce cell transition to a functional state named VC-Resist (vessel co-opting and resistant cell state). This cell state is midway along the transcriptomic axis between proneural and mesenchymal GBM cells and is closer to the AC/MES1-like state. VC-Resist GBM cells are highly vessel co-opting, allowing significant infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue and homing to the perivascular niche, which in turn induces even more VC-Resist transition. The molecular and functional characteristics of this FGFR1-YAP1-dependent GBM cell state, including resistance to DNA damage, enrichment in the G2M phase, and induction of senescence/stemness pathways, contribute to its enhanced resistance to chemoradiation. These findings demonstrate how vessel co-option, perivascular niche, and GBM cell plasticity jointly drive resistance to therapy during GBM recurrence., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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15. Adjustment of Insulin Pump Settings in Type 1 Diabetes Management: Advisor Pro Device Compared to Physicians' Recommendations.

Author

Nimri R, Oron T, Muller I, Kraljevic I, Alonso MM, Keskinen P, Milicic T, Oren A, Christoforidis A, den Brinker M, Bozzetto L, Bolla AM, Krcma M, Rabini RA, Tabba S, Smith L, Vazeou A, Maltoni G, Giani E, Atlas E, and Phillip M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Artificial Intelligence, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Young Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Physicians
Abstract

Aims: To compare insulin dose adjustments made by physicians to those made by an artificial intelligence-based decision support system, the Advisor Pro, in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using an insulin pump and self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG)., Methods: This was a multinational, non-interventional study surveying 17 physicians from 11 countries. Each physician was asked to provide insulin dose adjustments for the settings of the pump including basal rate, carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios (CRs), and correction factors (CFs) for 15 data sets of pumps and SMBG of people with T1D (mean age 18.4 ± 4.8 years; eight females; mean glycated hemoglobin 8.2% ± 1.4% [66 ± 11mmol/mol]). The recommendations were compared among the physicians and between the physicians and the Advisor Pro. The study endpoint was the percentage of comparison points for which there was an agreement on the direction of insulin dose adjustments., Results: The percentage (mean ± SD) of agreement among the physicians on the direction of insulin pump dose adjustments was 51.8% ± 9.2%, 54.2% ± 6.4%, and 49.8% ± 11.6% for the basal, CR, and CF, respectively. The automated recommendations of the Advisor Pro on the direction of insulin dose adjustments were comparable )49.5% ± 6.4%, 55.3% ± 8.7%, and 47.6% ± 14.4% for the basal rate, CR, and CF, respectively( and noninferior to those provided by physicians. The mean absolute difference in magnitude of change between physicians was 17.1% ± 13.1%, 14.6% ± 8.4%, and 23.9% ± 18.6% for the basal, CR, and CF, respectively, and comparable to the Advisor Pro 11.7% ± 9.7%, 10.1% ± 4.5%, and 25.5% ± 19.5%, respectively, significant for basal and CR., Conclusions: Considerable differences in the recommendations for changes in insulin dosing were observed among physicians. Since automated recommendations by the Advisor Pro were similar to those given by physicians, it could be considered a useful tool to manage T1D.

Published
2022
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16. Intermittently Scanned and Continuous Glucose Monitor Systems: A Systematic Review on Psychological Outcomes in Pediatric Patients.

Author

Franceschi R, Micheli F, Mozzillo E, Cauvin V, Liguori A, Soffiati M, and Giani E

Abstract

Aim: To explore the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGMs) or intermittently scanned/viewed CGM (isCGM) on psychological outcomes in children and caregivers, and to grade the level of evidence. Method: Systematic review of the literature from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Nursing reference center, Up to date, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO databases. The studies selected used validated questionnaires for investigating the psychological outcomes. We applied GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to rank the quality of a body of evidence. Results: A total of 192 studies were identified in the initial search and after the process of evaluation 25 studies were selected as appropriate to be included in this systematic review. We found in moderate quality studies that isCGM in adolescents can improve diabetes related distress, family conflicts, fear of hypoglycemia, and quality of life, while depression, anxiety, and quality of sleep have not yet been evaluated by validated questionnaires. In moderate-high quality studies, rtCGM technology does not impact on diabetes burden, diabetes specific family conflict, and depressive symptoms. The effect on fear of hypoglycemia, sleep quality, and anxiety is still debated and RCT studies powered to find significant results in psychological outcomes are lacking. RtCGM increases satisfaction and quality of life in parents and patients wearing rtCGM. Conclusion: these data present an interesting point to consider when families are deciding whether or not to start CGM use, choosing between rtCGM to reach a tighter metabolic control, or isCGM which allows greater benefits on psychological outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Franceschi, Micheli, Mozzillo, Cauvin, Liguori, Soffiati and Giani.)

Published
2021
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17. Endothelial Hyper-Permeability Induced by T1D Sera Can be Reversed by iNOS Inactivation.

Author

Cazzaniga A, Scrimieri R, Giani E, Zuccotti GV, and Maier JAM

Subjects
Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Endothelium cytology, Enzyme Activation, Female, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Male, Permeability, Young Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 blood, Endothelium metabolism, Glucose adverse effects, Nitric Oxide blood, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism
Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis that is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial hyperpermeability, a feature of endothelial dysfunction, is an early step of atherogenesis since it favours intimal lipid uptake. Therefore, we tested endothelial leakage by loading the sera from T1D patients onto cultured human endothelial cells and found it increased by hyperglycaemic sera. These results were phenocopied in endothelial cells cultured in a medium containing high concentrations of glucose, which activates inducible nitric oxide synthase with a consequent increase of nitric oxide. Inhibition of the enzyme prevented high glucose-induced hyperpermeability, thus pointing to nitric oxide as the mediator involved in altering the endothelial barrier function. Since nitric oxide is much higher in sera from hyperglycaemic than normoglycaemic T1D patients, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents sera-dependent increased endothelial permeability, this enzyme might represent a promising biochemical marker to be monitored in T1D patients to predict alterations of the vascular wall, eventually promoting intimal lipid accumulation.

Published
2020
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18. Effect of topical ophthalmic instillation of rocuronium bromide on the intraocular pressure of kestrels ( Falco tinnunculus ) and little owls ( Athene noctuae ).

Author

Barsotti G, Asti M, Giani E, Ceccherelli R, and Briganti A

Subjects
Animals, Intraocular Pressure, Ophthalmic Solutions, Rocuronium, Tonometry, Ocular, Falconiformes, Strigiformes
Abstract

Objective: To assess the effect of rocuronium bromide-induced mydriasis on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of kestrels ( Falco tinnunculus ) and little owls ( Athene noctuae )., Animals: 13 adult kestrels and 13 adult little owls., Procedures: All birds were ophthalmologically normal. During the first of 2 treatment periods, a 1% rocuronium bromide solution was topically instilled in both eyes of all birds at a dose of 0.12 mg (12 μL) for kestrels and 0.20 mg (20 μL) for little owls. No ophthalmic treatments were administered during the second (control) treatment period, which was conducted 1 week after the first. During both treatment periods, rebound tonometry was used to measure IOP before rocuronium bromide instillation or at the beginning of the control period (baseline) and at predetermined times after baseline or until the pupillary light reflex returned to normal. All IOP measurements were obtained between 8 am and 5 pm., Results: The mean IOP did not differ significantly from baseline for either species during the control treatment period. During the rocuronium bromide treatment period, complete mydriasis was achieved in all birds. The mean IOP was significantly decreased from baseline and from the corresponding mean IOP for the control period beginning 60 and 30 minutes after drug instillation for kestrels and owls, respectively, and reached its nadir at 60 minutes after drug instillation for both species., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results indicated that topical instillation of rocuronium bromide in the eyes successfully induced mydriasis and decreased the IOP of common kestrels and little owls.

Published
2019
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19. Analysis of Retinal Perfusion in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Author

Mameli C, Invernizzi A, Bolchini A, Bedogni G, Giani E, Macedoni M, Zuccotti G, Preziosa C, and Pellegrini M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 physiopathology, Diabetic Retinopathy complications, Diabetic Retinopathy physiopathology, Disease Progression, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Lipids chemistry, Male, Microcirculation, Retinal Vessels pathology, Young Adult, Angiography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 diagnostic imaging, Diabetic Retinopathy diagnostic imaging, Perfusion, Retina diagnostic imaging, Retina physiopathology, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

We performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the retinal vasculature in children, adolescent, and young adults with type 1 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients underwent funduscopic examination for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening during an annual visit for the screening of diabetes-related complications which included the evaluation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), microalbuminuria, lipid profile, arterial pressure, and neurological assessment. In addition, OCTA of the retinal vasculature was performed. Quantitative analysis of the OCTA images evaluated the vessel density at the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexus of the retina. Structural vascular alterations were evaluated qualitatively. Results were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched controls. The effect of age, disease duration, age at the disease onset, mean HbA1c since the onset, and lipid profile on vascular density was tested. Fifty-three patients (median age 15.5, IQR 12.4-19.4 years; 57% females) with type 1 diabetes and 48 controls were enrolled. The median (IQR) HbA1c was 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) (6.9-8.1%, 52-65 mmol/mol), and the median (IQR) duration of disease was 6.0 (3.3-10.3) years. Mean vessel density measured with OCTA was lower in patients compared to controls with the temporal sector showing the highest difference both in the SCP (0.55 vs. 0.57, p < 0.001) and the DCP (0.63 vs. 0.65, p < 0.001). None of the predictors was associated with the superficial and deep vascular densities. Only 2 patients had clinically detectable DR. Microvascular structural changes were found on OCTA in both of these patients and in one without funduscopic alterations. In conclusion, patients with type 1 diabetes without clinically detectable DR had decreased capillary density compared to controls on OCTA images. These findings may provide useful information for the screening and the management of patients with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and their clinical relevance.

Published
2019
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20. Islet-Derived eATP Fuels Autoreactive CD8 + T Cells and Facilitates the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes.

Author

Tezza S, Ben Nasr M, D'Addio F, Vergani A, Usuelli V, Falzoni S, Bassi R, Dellepiane S, Fotino C, Rossi C, Maestroni A, Solini A, Corradi D, Giani E, Mameli C, Bertuzzi F, Pezzolesi MG, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Füchtbauer EM, Ricordi C, Folli F, Di Virgilio F, Pileggi A, Dhe-Paganon S, Zuccotti GV, and Fiorina P

Subjects
Adenosine Triphosphate analogs & derivatives, Adenosine Triphosphate pharmacology, Animals, Autoimmunity genetics, Autoimmunity physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mutation genetics, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 genetics, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 metabolism
Abstract

Extracellular ATP (eATP) activates T cells by engaging the P2X7R receptor. We identified two loss-of-function P2X7R mutations that are protective against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and thus hypothesized that eATP/P2X7R signaling may represent an early step in T1D onset. Specifically, we observed that in patients with newly diagnosed T1D, P2X7R is upregulated on CD8 + effector T cells in comparison with healthy control subjects. eATP is released at high levels by human/murine islets in vitro in high-glucose/inflammatory conditions, thus upregulating P2X7R on CD8 + T cells in vitro. P2X7R blockade with oxidized ATP reduces the CD8 + T cell-mediated autoimmune response in vitro and delays diabetes onset in NOD mice. Autoreactive CD8 + T-cell activation is highly dependent upon eATP/P2X7R-mediated priming, while a novel sP2X7R recombinant protein abrogates changes in metabolism and the autoimmune response associated with CD8 + T cells. eATP/P2X7R signaling facilitates the onset of autoimmune T1D by fueling autoreactive CD8 + cells and therefore represents a novel targeted therapeutic for the disorder., (© 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.)

Published
2018
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21. Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates the Expansion of Regulatory Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.

Author

Ben Nasr M, D'Addio F, Malvandi AM, Faravelli S, Castillo-Leon E, Usuelli V, Rocchio F, Letizia T, El Essawy AB, Assi E, Mameli C, Giani E, Macedoni M, Maestroni A, Dassano A, Loretelli C, Paroni M, Cannalire G, Biasucci G, Sala M, Biffi A, Zuccotti GV, and Fiorina P

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been harnessed as a curative therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. Notably, the discovery that HSPCs are endowed with immunoregulatory properties suggests that HSPC-based therapeutic approaches may be used to treat autoimmune diseases. Indeed, infusion with HSPCs has shown promising results in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and remains the only "experimental therapy" that has achieved a satisfactory rate of remission (nearly 60%) in T1D. Patients with newly diagnosed T1D have been successfully reverted to normoglycemia by administration of autologous HSPCs in association with a non-myeloablative immunosuppressive regimen. However, this approach is hampered by a high incidence of adverse effects linked to immunosuppression. Herein, we report that while the use of autologous HSPCs is capable of improving C-peptide production in patients with T1D, ex vivo modulation of HSPCs with prostaglandins (PGs) increases their immunoregulatory properties by upregulating expression of the immune checkpoint-signaling molecule PD-L1. Surprisingly, CXCR4 was upregulated as well, which could enhance HSPC trafficking toward the inflamed pancreatic zone. When tested in murine and human in vitro autoimmune assays, PG-modulated HSPCs were shown to abrogate the autoreactive T cell response. The use of PG-modulated HSPCs may thus provide an attractive and novel treatment of autoimmune diabetes.

Published
2018
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22. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Adherence in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Associations With Biomedical and Psychosocial Variables.

Author

Giani E, Snelgrove R, Volkening LK, and Laffel LM

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Female, Glucose analysis, Humans, Male, Psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Monitoring, Physiologic psychology, Patient Compliance psychology
Abstract

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) remains underutilized in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There is a need to investigate factors associated with CGM use., Method: In 61 T1D youth, CGM use was ascertained by downloads reflecting the 4-week periods preceding 3- and 6-month study visits. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from chart review and interview. Youth and parents completed validated psychosocial surveys at baseline and 6 months., Results: Youth (52% male, 93% Caucasian, 80% pump treated) were 12.7 ± 2.9 years old, with T1D for 6.3 ± 3.8 years; mean A1c was 7.9 ± 0.9%. Mean CGM use was 4.1 ± 2.1 days/week (median = 4.8) at 3 months and 3.4 ± 2.3 days/week (median = 3.9) at 6 months. At 3 and 6 months, 15% and 20% of youth, respectively, had stopped using CGM. At 6 months, youth using CGM 6-7 days/week had more frequent BG monitoring ( P = .05), less insulin omission ( P = .02), and greater probability of A1c < 7.5% ( P = .01) than youth using CGM less often. Youth using CGM 6-7 days/week consistently over the 6 months demonstrated lower A1c at 3 months compared to baseline ( P = .03) and the improvement was sustained at 6 months ( P = .5, 3 vs 6 months); youth using CGM less often had no significant A1c change. Baseline BG monitoring ≥8 times/day or A1c within target (<7.5%) predicted greater CGM use (6-7 days/week) at 6 months (OR = 4.6, P = .02). There was no deterioration of psychosocial functioning with CGM use., Conclusions: Consistent and durable CGM use in youth with T1D is associated with treatment adherence and improved glycemic control without increasing psychosocial distress.

Published
2017
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23. Upregulation of inflammasome activity and increased gut permeability are associated with obesity in children and adolescents.

Author

Rainone V, Schneider L, Saulle I, Ricci C, Biasin M, Al-Daghri NM, Giani E, Zuccotti GV, Clerici M, and Trabattoni D

Subjects
Adipogenesis, Adolescent, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Up-Regulation, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Inflammasomes metabolism, Intestinal Absorption physiology, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intra-Abdominal Fat metabolism, Pediatric Obesity metabolism
Abstract

Background: Immune activation contributes to the persistent state of inflammation associated with metabolic dysfunction in obesity. The specific immune receptors that sense metabolic stress signals and trigger inflammation are nevertheless largely unknown, and little is known on inflammatory and immune gene regulation in obesity., Methods: The study includes a cross-sectional and a longitudinal arm. Forty children and adolescents were enrolled: 22 obese subjects and 18 age-matched normal weight controls. Obese subjects participated in an 18-month therapeutic protocol, based on intensive lifestyle modification (dietary regimen, physical activity and behavioral interventions). Expression of genes involved in the inflammasome pathway, plasma concentration of the inflammasome-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18) and indexes of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein) were analyzed at baseline in obese subjects compared with controls, and after 18 months in obese subjects., Results: Cross-sectional analyses showed that the LPS-induced expression of genes involved in inflammasome (NLRP3, caspase 5 and NAIP), Nod-like receptors (NLRX1 and NOD1), downstream signaling (P2RX7, RAGE, RIPk2, TIRAP and BIRC2) and effector molecules (IFN-γ, IL-12β, IL-1β, CCL2, CCL5, IL-6 and TNFα) was significantly increased in obese subjects at baseline as compared with normal weight controls. The baseline plasma concentration of inflammasome-related cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and of microbial translocation markers (LPS and sCD14) was augmented in obese subjects as compared with controls as well. Longitudinal analyses indicated that intensive lifestyle modification resulted in a normalization of parameters in subjects with a significant reduction of BMI after 18 months., Conclusions: In children and adolescents, obesity is characterized by the activation of the inflammasome and by an alteration of gut permeability. Successful lifestyle modification is effective in reducing inflammation, suggesting that inhibition of the inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic strategy in obesity.

Published
2016
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24. Impact of new technologies on diabetes care.

Author

Giani E, Scaramuzza AE, and Zuccotti GV

Abstract

Technologies for diabetes management, such as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, have improved remarkably over the last decades. These developments are impacting the capacity to achieve recommended hemoglobin A1c levels and assisting in preventing the development and progression of micro- and macro vascular complications. While improvements in metabolic control and decreases in risk of severe and moderate hypoglycemia have been described with use of these technologies, large epidemiological international studies show that many patients are still unable to meet their glycemic goals, even when these technologies are used. This editorial will review the impact of technology on glycemic control, hypoglycemia and quality of life in children and youth with type 1 diabetes. Technologies reviewed include CSII, CGM systems and sensor-augmented insulin pumps. In addition, the usefulness of advanced functions such as bolus profiles, bolus calculators and threshold-suspend features will be also discussed. Moreover, the current editorial will explore the challenges of using these technologies. Indeed, despite the evidence currently available of the potential benefits of using advanced technologies in diabetes management, many patients still report barriers to using them. Finally this article will highlight the importance of future studies tailored toward overcome these barriers to optimizing glycemic control and avoiding severe hypoglycemia.

Published
2015
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25. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Antioxidant Diet Help to Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Trial.

Author

Scaramuzza A, Giani E, Redaelli F, Ungheri S, Macedoni M, Giudici V, Bosetti A, Ferrari M, and Zuccotti GV

Subjects
Adolescent, Antioxidants analysis, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Diabetic Angiopathies physiopathology, Double-Blind Method, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular physiopathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperemia etiology, Hyperemia prevention & control, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Insulin therapeutic use, Male, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Pilot Projects, Risk, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 diet therapy, Diabetic Angiopathies prevention & control, Dietary Supplements, Functional Food analysis, Thioctic Acid therapeutic use
Abstract

After evaluating the prevalence of early endothelial dysfunction, as measured by means of reactive hyperemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, we started a 6-month, double-blind, randomized trial to test the efficacy of an antioxidant diet (± alpha-lipoic acid supplementation) to improve endothelial dysfunction. Seventy-one children and adolescents, ages 17 ± 3.9 yrs, with type 1 diabetes since 9.5 ± 5.3 yrs, using intensified insulin therapy, were randomized into 3 arms: (a) antioxidant diet 10.000 ORAC + alpha-lipoic acid; (b) antioxidant diet 10.000 ORAC + placebo; (c) controls. BMI, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, HbA1c, insulin requirement, dietary habits, and body composition were determined in each patient. An antioxidant diet significantly improved endothelial dysfunction when supplemented with alpha-lipoic acid, unlike diet with placebo or controls. A significant reduction in bolus insulin was also observed. We speculate that alpha-lipoic acid might have an antioxidant effect in pediatric diabetes patients by reducing insulin.

Published
2015
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26. Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.

Author

Scaramuzza A, Macedoni M, Tadini GL, De Angelis L, Redaelli F, Gazzarri A, Comaschi V, Giani E, and Zuccotti GV

Abstract

Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare disorder that usually appears in the lower extremities and it is often related to diabetes mellitus. There are few reported cases of necrobiosis lipoidica in children. We present an interesting case in that the patient developed lesions on the abdomen, which is an unusual location.

Published
2012
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27. Long-term immunogenicity after one and two doses of a monovalent MF59-adjuvanted A/H1N1 Influenza virus vaccine coadministered with the seasonal 2009-2010 nonadjuvanted Influenza virus vaccine in HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults in a randomized controlled trial.

Author

Viganò A, Giacomet V, Pariani E, Giani E, Manfredini V, Bedogni G, Erba P, Amendola A, Zanetti A, and Zuccotti G

Subjects
Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage, Adjuvants, Immunologic adverse effects, Adolescent, Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Child, Female, HIV Infections immunology, Humans, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza Vaccines adverse effects, Influenza, Human immunology, Influenza, Human virology, Male, Polysorbates administration & dosage, Polysorbates adverse effects, Squalene administration & dosage, Squalene adverse effects, Squalene immunology, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antibodies, Viral blood, HIV Infections complications, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Pandemics, Seasons
Abstract

Few data are available on the safety and long-term immunogenicity of A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines for HIV-infected pediatric patients. We performed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and long-term immunogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of the 2009 monovalent pandemic influenza A/H1N1 MF59-adjuvanted vaccine (PV) coadministered with the seasonal 2009-2010 trivalent nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine (SV) to HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults. A total of 66 HIV-infected patients aged 9 to 26 years were randomized to receive one (group 1) or two (group 2) doses of PV coadministered with 1 dose of SV. The main outcome was the seroconversion rate for PV at 1 month. Secondary outcomes were the geometric mean titer ratios and the seroprotection rates at 1 month for all vaccines, seroconversion rates at 1 month for SV, and longitudinal changes of antibody titers (ABTs) at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months for all vaccines. Groups 1 and 2 had similar CD4 counts and HIV RNA levels during the study. The seroconversion rate for PV was 100% at 1 month in both groups. ABTs for PV were high during the first 6 months and declined below seroprotection levels thereafter. Longitudinal changes in ABTs were similar in groups 1 and 2 for both PV and SV. The side effects of vaccination were mild and mostly local. In HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults, the immune response triggered by a single dose of PV was similar to that obtained with a double dose and was associated with long-term antibody response.

Published
2011
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28. Non-destructive mapping of dampness and salts in degraded wall paintings in hypogeous buildings: the case of St. Clement at mass fresco in St. Clement Basilica, Rome.

Author

Di Tullio V, Proietti N, Gobbino M, Capitani D, Olmi R, Priori S, Riminesi C, and Giani E

Abstract

As is well known, the deterioration of wall paintings due to the capillary rise of water through the walls is a very widespread problem. In this paper, a study of microclimate monitoring, unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and evanescent-field dielectrometry (EFD) was applied to map non-destructively, in situ, and in a quantitative way the distribution of the moisture in an ancient deteriorated wall painting of the eleventh century. Both unilateral NMR and EFD are quite new, fully portable, and non-destructive techniques, and their combination is absolutely new. The approach reported here is proposed as a new analytical protocol to afford the problem of mapping, non-destructively, the moisture in a deteriorated wall painting in a hypogeous building such as that of the second level of St. Clement Basilica, Rome (Italy), where the use of IR thermography is impaired due to the environmental conditions, and the gravimetric tests are forbidden due to the preciousness of the artifact. The moisture distribution was mapped at different depths, from the very first layers of the painted film to a depth of 2 cm. It has also been shown how the map obtained in the first layers of the artwork is affected by the environmental conditions typical of a hypogeous building, whereas the maps obtained at higher depths are representative of the moisture due to the capillary rise of water from the ground. The quantitative analysis of the moisture was performed by calibrating NMR and EFD signals with purposely prepared specimens. This study may be applied before and after performing any intervention aimed at restoring and improving the state of conservation of this type of artwork and reducing the dampness or extracting salts (driven by the variation of moisture content) and monitoring the effectiveness of the performed interventions during the time. This protocol is applicable to any type of porous material.

Published
2010
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29. Statistical external validation and consensus modeling: a QSPR case study for Koc prediction.

Author

Gramatica P, Giani E, and Papa E

Subjects
Algorithms, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Theoretical, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
Abstract

The soil sorption partition coefficient (log K(oc)) of a heterogeneous set of 643 organic non-ionic compounds, with a range of more than 6 log units, is predicted by a statistically validated QSAR modeling approach. The applied multiple linear regression (ordinary least squares, OLS) is based on a variety of theoretical molecular descriptors selected by the genetic algorithms-variable subset selection (GA-VSS) procedure. The models were validated for predictivity by different internal and external validation approaches. For external validation we applied self organizing maps (SOM) to split the original data set: the best four-dimensional model, developed on a reduced training set of 93 chemicals, has a predictivity of 78% when applied on 550 validation chemicals (prediction set). The selected molecular descriptors, which could be interpreted through their mechanistic meaning, were compared with the more common physico-chemical descriptors log K(ow) and log S(w). The chemical applicability domain of each model was verified by the leverage approach in order to propose only reliable data. The best predicted data were obtained by consensus modeling from 10 different models in the genetic algorithm model population.

Published
2007
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30. The selective inability to draw horizontal lines: a peculiar constructional disorder.

Author

Grossi D, Fragassi NA, Giani E, and Trojano L

Subjects
Dementia diagnosis, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Apraxias complications, Apraxias diagnosis, Dementia complications
Abstract

A patient is described who was affected by degenerative dementia and who developed severe constructional apraxia. She showed a dissociation between the construction of horizontal lines (impaired) and oblique or vertical lines (spared) which has never been reported previously. A battery of tests disclosed that this phenomenon was consistent across a range of experimental conditions and that a similar dissociation was evident in perceptual and representational domains. This peculiar clinical finding suggests that mental representations of horizontal and vertical spatial relations in an egocentric coordinate system are functionally dissociated.

Published
1998
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31. Telethermographic evaluation of NSAIDs in the treatment of sports injuries.

Author

Giani E, Rocchi L, Tavoni A, Montanari M, and Garagiola U

Subjects
Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Thermography methods, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Athletic Injuries drug therapy
Abstract

In a multicenter double-blind clinical trial, forty-five athletes, 39 males and 6 females, mean age 20.87 yr (SD 4.48), affected by sports injuries were treated with diclofenac, suprofen, or placebo, orally administered for a period of 1 wk. An objective examination like telethermography was performed with the clinical evaluations (pain on movement or at pressure, motility, and swelling) before and after the treatment period, in all patients. Moreover, at the end of the trial both investigator and patient gave their global judgement of efficacy. The statistical analysis showed a significant superiority of diclofenac sodium versus suprofen and placebo both in patients' and in investigators' global evaluations (P less than 0.05--Kruskal-Wallis tests). This superiority appeared particularly clear in the telethermographic evaluation (P less than 0.05), which is more objective than the clinical one, attesting to the usefulness of the early administration of anti-inflammatory drugs in management of sports injuries. Furthermore, a correlation analysis showed that telethermography is a good technique in controlling the recovery process.

Published
1989
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