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Introduction There is no consensus about the standardized uptake value maximum (SUV max ) cut-off value to characterize pleural thickening worldwide. Sometimes, this causes unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. Our first aim is to determine a cut-off value for SUV max . Secondly, we try to answer the following question: If we use this cut-off value together with morphological parameters, can we differentiate benign thickening from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) more accurately? Material and methods Thirty-seven patients who underwent 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before pleural biopsy were included the study. All of patients had histopathologically proven primary pleural disease. Their [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging reports were re-assessed. If a patient’s SUVmax or size of the thickening was not mentioned in the report, we calculated it with their [18F]FDG-PET/CT. Results Age, pleural effusion, size, and SUV max were found to have a relationship with MPM. We found the size > 14 mm, and SUV max > 4.0 as cut-off values for MPM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for size > 14 mm were found to be 86.4%, 85.2%, 82.6%, 88.5%, respectively. For SUV max > 4.0, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 90.9%, 87.0%, 85.1%, 92.2%, respectively. Conclusions If a patient has SUV max > 4.0 and/or size > 14 mm, the risk of MPM is high. These patients should undergo biopsy. If a patient’s SUV max < 4.0, size < 14 mm and does not have pleural effusion, he/she has low risk for MPM. These patients can undergo the follow-up. If a patient’s SUV max < 4, size < 14, and has pleural effusion the MPM risk is approximately 4%. These patients can undergo biopsy/cytology/follow-up. Novel studies are needed for these patients.