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4. Improved Basic Cytogenetics Challenges Holocentricity of Butterfly Chromosomes

Author

Dutrillaux, Bernard, Dutrillaux, Anne-marie, Mcclure, Mélanie, Gèze, Marc, Elias, Marianne, Bed’hom, Bertrand, Dutrillaux, Bernard, Dutrillaux, Anne-marie, Mcclure, Mélanie, Gèze, Marc, Elias, Marianne, and Bed’hom, Bertrand

Abstract

Mitotic chromosomes of butterflies, which look like dots or short filaments in most published data, are generally considered to lack localised centromeres and thus to be holokinetic. This particularity, observed in a number of other invertebrates, is associated with meiotic particularities known as “inverted meiosis,” in which the first division is equational, i.e., centromere splitting-up and segregation of sister chromatids instead of homologous chromosomes. However, the accurate analysis of butterfly chromosomes is difficult because (1) their size is very small, equivalent to 2 bands of a mammalian metaphase chromosome, and (2) they lack satellite DNA/heterochromatin in putative centromere regions and therefore marked primary constrictions. Our improved conditions for basic chromosome preparations, here applied to 6 butterfly species belonging to families Nymphalidae and Pieridae challenges the holocentricity of their chromosomes: in spite of the absence of primary constrictions, sister chromatids are recurrently held together at definite positions during mitotic metaphase, which makes possible to establish karyotypes composed of acrocentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The total number of chromosomes per karyotype is roughly inversely proportional to that of non-acrocentric chromosomes, which suggests the occurrence of frequent robertsonian-like fusions or fissions during evolution. Furthermore, the behaviour and morphological changes of chromosomes along the various phases of meiosis do not seem to differ much from those of canonical meiosis. In particular, at metaphase II chromosomes clearly have 2 sister chromatids, which refutes that anaphase I was equational. Thus, we propose an alternative mechanism to holocentricity for explaining the large variations in chromosome numbers in butterflies: (1) in the ancestral karyotype, composed of about 62 mostly acrocentric chromosomes, the centromeres, devoid of centromeric heterochromatin/satellite DNA, were locate

Published
2023
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8. Multiple Chromosome Fissions, Including That of the X Chromosome, in Aulacocyclus tricuspis Kaup (Coleoptera, Passalidae) from New Caledonia: Characterization of a Rare but Recurrent Pathway of Chromosome Evolution in Animals.

Author

Dutrillaux, Bernard, Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie, Salazar, Karen, and Boucher, Stéphane

Subjects
*X chromosome, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *SEX chromosomes, *CHROMOSOMES, *BEETLES, *KARYOTYPES
Abstract

The male karyotype of Aulacocyclus tricuspis Kaup 1868 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Passalidae, Aulacocyclinae) from New Caledonia contains an exceptionally high number of chromosomes, almost all of which are acrocentric (53,X1X2Y). Unlike the karyotypes of other species of the pantropical family Passalidae, which are principally composed of metacentric chromosomes, this karyotype is derived by fissions involving almost all the autosomes after breakage in their centromere region. This presupposes the duplication of the centromeres. More surprising is the X chromosome fragmentation. The rarity of X chromosome fission during evolution may be explained by the deleterious effects of alterations to the mechanisms of gene dosage compensation (resulting from the over-expression of the unique X chromosome in male insects). Herein, we propose that its occurrence and persistence were facilitated by (1) the presence of amplified heterochromatin in the X chromosome of Passalidae ancestor, and (2) the capacity of heterochromatin to modulate the regulation of gene expression. In A. tricuspis, we suggest that the portion containing the X proper genes and either a gene-free heterochromatin fragment or a fragment containing a few genes insulated from the peculiar regulation of the X by surrounding heterochromatin were separated by fission. Finally, we show that similar karyotypes with multiple acrocentric autosomes and unusual sex chromosomes rarely occur in species of Coleoptera belonging to the families Vesperidae, Tenebrionidae, and Chrysomelidae. Unlike classical Robertsonian evolution by centric fusion, this pathway of chromosome evolution involving the centric fission of autosomes has rarely been documented in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Premature condensation induces breaks at the interface of early and late replicating chromosome bands bearing common fragile sites

Author

El Achkar, Eliane, Gerbault-Seureau, Michelle, Muleris, Martine, Dutrillaux, Bernard, and Debatisse, Michelle

Subjects
Cell cycle -- Research, Lymphocytes -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Various studies suggest a tight relationship between chromosome rearrangements driving tumor progression and breaks at loci called common fragile sites. Most of these sites are induced after perturbation of the replication dynamics, notably by aphidicolin treatment. We have mapped the majority of these sites to the interface of R and G bands, which calls into question the previous assignment of aphidicolin-sensitive sites to R bands. This observation suggests that most of them correspond to loci that ensure the transition between early and late replicating domains. We show that calyculin A, which triggers chromosome condensation at any phase of the cell cycle but does not markedly impair replication, induces damage in the chromosomes of human lymphocytes treated in [G.sub.2] but not in [G.sub.1] phase. We demonstrate that these lesions colocalize with those induced by aphidicolin treatment. Hence, common fragile site stability is compromised, whether aphidicolin delays replication or calyculin A advances condensation. We also show that, in cells that go through an unperturbed S phase, completion of their replication and/or replication-associated chromatin reorganization occur all along the [G.sub.2] phase, which may explain their inability to condense properly after calyculin A treatment during this phase of the cell cycle. genome instability | DNA damage | calyculin A | aphidicolin | cell cycle

Published
2005

29. Telomeric heterochromatin and meiotic recombination in three species of Coleoptera (Dorcadion olympicum Ganglebauer, Stephanorrhina princeps Oberthür and Macraspis tristis Laporte)

Author

Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie, Dutrillaux, Bernard, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:Cytology, fungi, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, recombination, 3. Good health, Coleoptera, telomeric heterochromatin, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], meiosis, C-banded, lcsh:QH573-671, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Centromeres are generally embedded in heterochromatin, which is assumed to have a negative impact on meiotic recombination in adjacent regions, a condition required for the correct segregation of chromosomes at anaphase I. At difference, telomeric and interstitial regions rarely harbour large heterochromatic fragments. We observed the presence at the heterozygote status of heterochromatin in telomere region of some chromosomes in 3 species of Coleoptera: Dorcadion olympicum; Stephanorrhina princeps and Macraspis tristis. This provided us with the opportunity to study the relationship between heterochromatin, chiasma location and meiotic recombination independently from the proximity of centromeres in this order of insects. In acrocentric chromosomes, the presence of heterochromatin in telomere region of the long arm displaces recombination near the centromere. In sub-metacentrics, recombination is almost always restricted to the other arm. This at distance effect of heterochromatin may deeply influence genetic drift., Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics, V. 72 N. 2 (2019)

Published
2019
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32. Requirement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in recovery from DNA damage in mice and in cells

Author

Murcia, Josiane Menissier de, Niedergang, Claude, Trucco, Carlotta, Ricoul, Michele, Dutrillaux, Bernard, Mark, Manuel, Oliver, F. Javier, Masson, Murielle, Dierich, Andree, LeMeur, Marianne, Waltztinger, Caroline, Chambon, Pierre, and Murcia, Gilbert de

Subjects
DNA damage -- Research, DNA polymerases -- Physiological aspects, Adenosine diphosphate -- Genetic aspects, DNA binding proteins -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [PARP; NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase; NAD+: poly(adenosine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.30] is a zinc-finger DNA-binding protein that detects specifically DNA strand breaks generated by genotoxic agents. To determine its biological function, we have inactivated both alleles by gene targeting in mice. Treatment of [PARP.sup.-/-] mice either by the alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or by [Gamma]-irradiation revealed an extreme sensitivity and a high genomic instability to both agents. Following whole body [Gamma]-irradiation (8 Gy) mutant mice died rapidly from acute radiation toxicity to the small intestine. Mice-derived [PARP.sup.-/-] cells displayed a high sensitivity to MNU exposure: a [G.sub.2]/M arrest in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and a rapid apoptotic response and a p53 accumulation were observed in splenocytes. Altogether these results demonstrate that PARP is a survival factor playing an essential and positive role during DNA damage recovery.

Published
1997

34. Preferential binding of a G-quadruplex ligand to human chromosome ends

Author

Granotier, Christine, Pennarun, Gaëlle, Riou, Lydia, Hoffschir, Françoise, Gauthier, Laurent R., De Cian, Anne, Gomez, Dennis, Mandine, Eliane, Riou, Jean-François, Mergny, Jean-Louis, Mailliet, Patrick, Dutrillaux, Bernard, and Boussin, François D.

Published
2005

41. Potentiation of lonidamine and diazepam, two agents acting on mitochondria, in human glioblastoma treatment

Author

Miccoli, Laurent, Poirson-Bichat, Florence, Sureau, Franck, Goncalves, Rui Bras, Bourgeois, Yveline, Dutrillaux, Bernard, Poupon, Marie-France, and Oudard, Stephane

Subjects
Glioblastoma multiforme -- Drug therapy, Diazepam -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Background: Cellular metabolism in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common primary brain tumor in humans, is characterized by a high rate of aerobic glycolysis that is dependent on mitochondria-bound hexokinase. Moreover, high levels of glucose utilization and tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma are associated with a high density of mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors. We sought to inhibit glioblastoma metabolism by simultaneously inhibiting hexokinase with lonidamine and binding benzodiazepine receptors with diazepam. Methods: Cellular glioblastoma metabolism in five glioblastoma cell lines was assessed in vitro by measuring cell proliferation (by use of a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay, measurement of DNA synthesis, and assessment of cell cycle distribution), by measuring membrane fluidity (by fluorescence polarization measurement of cells stained with a fluorescent probe), and by measuring changes in intracellular pH. Immunodeficient nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of human glioblastoma cells were used to assess the antitumor activities of lonidamine and diazepam; the mice were treated twice daily with lonidamine (total daily dose of 160 mg/kg body weight) and/or diazepam (total daily dose of 1 mg/kg body weight) for 10 consecutive days. Results: When used in combination, the two drugs had a stronger effect on glioblastoma cell proliferation and metabolism in vitro than did either agent used alone. In vivo, the combination of lonidamine and diazepam was significantly more effective in reducing glioblastoma tumor growth than either drug alone (two-sided P [is less than] .01, Mann-Whitney U test, comparing growth of treated tumors with that of untreated tumors); this tumor growth retardation was maintained as long as treatment was given. Conclusion: The combination of lonidamine and diazepam--drugs that target two distinct mitochondrial sites involved in cellular energy metabolism--potentiates the effects of the individual drugs and may prove useful in the treatment of human glioblastomas. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1400-6]

Published
1998

49. Chromosomal and genetic characterization of four Caribbean Prioninae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species with notes on biogeography

Author

Giannoulis, Themistoclis, Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie, Touroult, Julien, Sarri, Constantina, Mamuris, Zissis, and Dutrillaux, Bernard

Subjects
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract

Giannoulis, Themistoclis, Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie, Touroult, Julien, Sarri, Constantina, Mamuris, Zissis, Dutrillaux, Bernard (2014): Chromosomal and genetic characterization of four Caribbean Prioninae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species with notes on biogeography. Insecta Mundi 2014 (335): 1-10, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178581, {"references":["Chalumeau, F., and J. Touroult. 2005. Les longicornes des Petites Antilles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Taxonomie, ethologie, biogeographie. Pensoft Series Faunistica, N°51, Sofia-Moscow, 241 p.","Cognato, A.I., and F.A.H. Sperling. 2000. Phylogeny of Ips DeGeer species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14: 445-460.","Dalens, P.-H., and N. Delahaye. 2007. Contribution a la connaissance des longicornes des Petites Antilles: un nouveau Solenoptera de Sainte-Lucie. Lambillionea CVII 1: 31-34.","Dutrillaux, B. 1970. Etude cytogenetique de quatre especes de Prioniens (Col. Cerambycidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 6: 443-450.","Dutrillaux, A.-M., and B. Dutrillaux. 2009. Sex chromosome rearrangements in Polyphaga beetles. Sex Development 3: 43-54.","Dutrillaux, A.-M., and B. Dutrillaux. 2012. Chromosome analysis of 82 species of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera), with special focus on NOR localization. Cytogenetics and Genome Research 136: 208- 219.","Dutrillaux, A.-M., D. Pluot-Sigwalt, and B. Dutrillaux. 2010. (Ovo-)viviparity in the darkling beetle, Alegoria castelneaui (Tenebrioninae: Ulomini), from Guadeloupe. European Journal of Entomology 107: 481-485.","Feng, B., L. Chen, E. Yan-Li, and K.-D. Zheng. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of the Prionini (Coleoptera: Prioninae) from China on mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes and Cytochrome oxidase I gene. Zootaxa 2487: 1-18.","Ferreira, A., and A. Mesa. 1977. Estudos citologicos em tres especies brasileiras de Coleopteros (Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae e Meloidae). Revista Brasileira de Genetica 37: 61-64.","Ferreira, A., V.L. Condutta, and V.G. Martins. 1993. Cytogenetic survey of some Brazilian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Chrysomelidae). Revista Brasileira de Genetica 16: 51-57.","Giannoulis, T., A.-M. Dutrillaux, Z. Mammuris, O. Montreuil, C. Stammatis, and B. Dutrillaux. 2011. Evolution of European Cockchafers (Melolonthinae: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera): a morphological, molecular and chromosomal study of intra- and interspecific variations. Bulletin of Entomological Research 101: 345-452.","Guindon, S., F. Lethiec, P. Duroux, and O. Gascuel. 2005. PHYML Online-a web server for fast maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic inference. Nucleic Acids Research 33 (Web Server issue), W557-559.","Huelsenbeck, J.P., and F. Ronquist. 2001. Mrbayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17: 754-755.","Hunt, T., J. Bersten, Z. Lekanikova, A. Papadopoulou, O. St John, R. Wild, P.M. Hammond, D. Ahrens, M. Balke, M.S. Caterino, J. Gomez-Zurita, I. Ribera, T.G. Barraclough, M. Bocakova, L. Bokak, and A.P. Vogler. 2007. A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation. Science 318: 1913-1916.","Lim, J., M. Kim, I.-K. Kim, S. Jung, J-S. Lim, S.-Y. Park, K.-M. Kim, C. Kim, B.K. Byun, B.-W. Lee, and S. Lee. 2013. Molecular identification and larval description of Callipogon relictus Semenov (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a natural monument of South Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16: 223-227.","Monne, M.A. 2013. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part III. Subfamilies Lepturinae, Necydalinae, Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylidinae and Families Oxypeltidae, Vesperidae and Disteniidae. Online: http://www.cerambyxcat.com/Parte3_Lepturinae_e_outros.pdf (accessed 17-XI-2013).","Smith, S.G., and N. Virkki. 1978. Animal Cytogenetics. Vol 3: Insecta 5: Coleoptera. Gebruder Borstraeger, Berlin, 366 p.","Tamura, K., J. Dudley, M. Nei, and S. Kumar. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24: 1596-1599.","Tavakilian G. (Author), and H. Chevillotte (Software). 2012. Titan database about Longhorns or Timber-Beetles (Cerambycidae). Version 3.0, Online database, http://lully.snv.jussieu.fr/titan/ (accessed: 15 October 2013).","Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, and D.G. Higgins. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 24: 4876-4882.","Villalba, S., J.M. Lobo, F. Martin-Piera, and R. Zardoya. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of Iberian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): insights on the evolution of nesting behaviour. Journal of Molecular Evolution 55: 116-126."]}

Published
2014
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