Search

Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to be very common in patients with chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis. To elucidate the pathological effect of H. pylori infection on the progression of hepatic fibrosis, C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were orally inoculated with H. pylori, and hepatic fibrosis was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration. We observed the histopathological changes and the presence of H. pylori genes by PCR in the liver. Significant increase in the fibrotic score as well as in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was shown in the CCl(4)+H. pylori group compared with that in the CCl(4)-treated group. Compared with the CCl(4)-treated group, alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta1 were enhanced; however, senescence marker protein-30, a multifunctional protein protecting hepatocytes against oxidative stress and apoptosis, was suppressed in the CCl(4)+H. pylori group. The 16S rRNA (400 bp) was demonstrated by PCR for H. pylori genes from genomic DNA extracted from the liver, and H. pylori-infected mice showed 93.8% (15 of 16) seropositivity by contrast with seronegativity in all H. pylori-noninfected mice. In addition, immunohistochemical study against H. pylori showed positive antigen fragments in the liver of the infected groups. Consequently, our data suggest that H. pylori infection could be an important contributing infectious factor to the development of liver cirrhosis.

A 4-year-old female beagle with progressive exophthalmos and which had a neoplastic mass with diameter of 1.4 cm in the left lower ocular adnexa. Histologically, the mass was composed of hyperplastic lobules and tubular structures separated by fibrous septum. The well differentiated sebaceous gland forming various sized lobules, and infiltration of mast cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells were observed. Apical decapitation secretion of these tubular structures with basophilic materials in their lumen showed mild sebaceous gland metaplasia. Immunohistochemical studying, cell groups were positive in α-SMA and vimentin. The primary tumor was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma originated from moll gland and meibomian gland of the eyelid, and the infiltrating intraocular neoplasm was diagnosed as a malignant mixed tumor.

Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) has been considered as an apoptosis-inducing factor. Here, we investigated the mechanism of VacA-induced apoptosis in relation to the defense mechanism and MAP kinases pathway in gastric epithelial cells. AGS cells exposed to enriched VacA extracts affected the level of SOD-1 and villin. We further investigated the role of VacA in those inductions using a functional recombinant VacA (rVacA). Activation of p38 MAPK and Bax dimerization by rVacA were increased in a dose-dependent manner. rVacA-induced ERK1/2 MAPK activation was maximal at 30 min and 4 h and 1–4 μg/ml of rVacA. rVacA-induced SOD-1 expression was considerably diminished by inhibiting ERK1/2 MAPK and it was slightly increased by inhibiting p38 MAPK. rVacA increased or decreased villin expression depending on dose and exposure time and its expression was mainly appeared in the contractile actin ring of the dividing cells. Despite its cytoprotective effect, SB-203580, a p38 inhibitor, was unlikely to reduce VacA-induced Bax dimerization and rather inhibited villin and Bcl2 expression, indicating that p38 may also play a role in cell proliferation or differentiation for survival after VacA intoxication. Furthermore, p38 inhibitor accelerated rVacA-induced cell death after exposure of AGS cells to H2O2but ERK1/2 inhibitor protected cells from H2O2insult. These results suggest that SOD-1 and villin are expressed differentially upon VacA insult depending on dose and exposure time via ERK and p38 MAP kinases; decrease in SOD-1 and villin expression coupled with Bax dimerization leads to apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.

A 12.6-year-old, male Shitzu was diagnosed with perianal adenocarcinoma. The presented mass was brown to black, 4×3×3 cm in size, and yellowish on cut section. Microscopic findings revealed that the mass composed of variable sized clusters of hepatoid cells with inconspicuous distinct. The tumor cells were polyhedral and pyknotic and exhibited high mitotic activity. Tumor cells intermingled with basaloid cells and primitive cells invaded the adjacent normal tissues. Basaloid cells exhibited positive immunoreactivity for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu), matrix metallopnateinase 9 (MMP-9), and perianal adenocarcinoma, protein kinase C alpha (PKC α). Generally, tumors of the perianal gland are common and benign 4.5 times more often than carcinoma in the dog, particularly in males. In the present report, we examined histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a rare perianal adenocarcinoma in association with proteins involved tumor metastasis and adenocarcinoma development.

In this study to evaluate the involvement of EGFR, HER-2/neu and ALCAM (CD166) oncogene products in canine mammary neoplastic lesions, sections of archived paraffin-embedded samples of 49 mammary tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies against human EGFR and HER-2/neu and ALCAM. These 49 tumors were divided into 2 groups: 22 benign (19 adenoma, 3 benign mixed tumors) and 27 malignant tumors (2 simple adenocarcinomas, 5 complex adenocarcinomas, 3 solid carcinoma, 5 sclerosing carcinoma, 8 malignant mixed tumors and 4 malignant myoepithelioma). As a result of immunostaining, 31.8% (7/22) of the benign tumors and 29.6% (8/27) of the malignant tumors expressed the HER-2/neu oncogene product, EGFR expression was detected in 27.3% (6/22) of benign tumors and in 22.2% (6/27) of the malignant tumors. ALCAM expression was detected in 40.9% (9/22) of benign tumors and in 7.4% (2/27) of the malignant tumors. These results suggest that some of the biological and morphological characteristics of the tumor are associated with canine mammary gland tumors, as also reported for human breast cancer, the possibility of using anti-HER-2/neu antibodies in the treatment of canine mammary tumors.

We describe here a case of malignant mixed osteogenic tumor of the mammary gland with alveolar carcinomatous appreance. A firm, 2 to 2.5cm (in diameter) mass under the 5th nipple, showing the structure of extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma, was removed from the left 5th mammary gland of 12-year-old female dog. When investigated under the microscope, the osteoid material undergoing mineralization was surrounded by numerous scattered osteoblasts and a few osteoclastic cells throughout the osteoid tumorous stroma. The osteoid lesions were continuous with hypercellular myoepithelial cells of a very immature character with several mitotic figures. In addition, there were also carcinomatous tubules and alveoli, with invading cells into peripheral stroma, surrounded by myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland. In these lesions, emanating cords of tumor cells appear to be continuous with the myoepithelial cell layer of a duct. The presence of all these cell types suggests the existence of a common malignant origin, the stem cell being differentiated into epithelial carcinomatous and mesenchymal sarcomatous chondral and osteogenic tissues.

An epulis was occurred on gingiva of 11-year old female dog, Yorkshire terrier. Our case had feature of ossifying epulis but there were a few multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs). MGCs had osteoclast-like appearance and giant cell epulis usually appears at the site of tooth extraction. Therefore, we suggest that appearance of MGCs in our case may be due to phagocytosis pre-formed osteoid/bone or our case may be mixed epulides of ossifying and giant cell epulis by mixed stimulation of chronic gingivitis and trauma and in flammation by tooth extraction. Thus, MGCs have possibility enough to appear in ossifying epulis, but ossifying epulis accompanying MGCs has not been reported. Therefore, our case may deserves an attention as an unique case and will be helpful to study pathogenesis of giant cell containing lesion of the jaw.

Histopathological findings of eosinophilic myositis in the carcass of a slaughtered Korean native cow are presented. Lesions contained massive fibrous septae with vacuolar changes in some lesions, and the hypercontraction and rupturing of muscle bundles, with replacement by eosinophils. Necrosis and severe eosinophil infiltration were observed. Sarcoplasmic fragmentation and atrophy developed. Typical of granuloma, calcified myofibers were focally surrounded by macrophages and numerous inflammatory cells, and multinucleated giant cell formation was evident.

A 3-year-old, female Spitz, was presented due to lack of response to therapies with a 6-month history of skin lesions characterized by diffuse erythema and scaling on the dorsal trunk. Physical examination revealed the dog was active and healthy. Skin culture isolated no fungus. Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed interface dermatitis with hydropic degeneration of the basal layers, predominant plasmacytic perivascular accumulation in the dermis, and intensive plasma cell-rich interface mural folliculitis. Moderate CD3-positive lymphocytes infiltrated the superficial dermis. This report may provide unique information of canine discoid lupus erythematosus in an unusual breed with atypical cutaneous lesions.

In the study of investigate the expression and effects of adrenomedullin (AM) in the tissue injured by ethanol in our laboratory, there were lymphosarcomas involving mesenteric lymph node and intestine discovered in experimental mice. Lymphosarcoma is probably the second most common spontaneous neoplastic disease, the incidence of which is dependent on the strain of mouse. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was based on gross and light microscopic studies. Grossly, the excised intestine and mesentery showed soft-to-firm, cream-colored, displayed protuberance into the lumen. The neoplastic cells had mainly infiltrated into the mucosal and mesenteric lymph node, and have round hyperchromatic nuclei and a small amount of cytoplasm. The origin of these tumor cells was determined by immunohistochemistry positive of CD20, CD3 and Vimentin.

A 1.5-year-old female Persian cat was presented for inappetence and azotemia. Ultrasonography and urography revealed multiple abnormalities involving the genitourinary tract, including agenesis of the right kidney and ureter. Gross examination of the abnormal uterus revealed segmental aplasia of right caudal uterine horn causing cranial distension with fluid, a normal left uterine horn, and both normal ovaries. Microscopically, endometrial glands of the right uterine horn were markedly decreased in number. The right uterine horn was hemorrhagic suggesting estrus. This is the first report of this combination of urinary and uterus abnormalities in the veterinary literature.

The aim of this study was to determine the induction and distribution of Mallory body (MB) and oval cells in carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat liver fibrosis.MBs and oval cells expressing cytokeratins (CKs) 8 and 18 were monitored by immuno-histochemistry and immunoblotting.MBs were mainly detected within hepatocytes near the fibrotic areas, and oval cells were located along or in the fibrotic areas. Both MBs and oval cells increased in size and number in the development of fibrosis. At cirrhotic liver, most of the oval cells were located in the fibrous septa and around newly formed bile ductules. Moreover, as hepatic injuries developed into fibrosis, a much more prominent single band of CK18 was detected.The occurrence and distribution of MB and oval cells in CCl4-induced rat liver fibrosis are reported. This represents the first CCl4 experimental in vivo model of MB induction, which will be useful for further investigations on the pathogenesis of MB.

A male, 5-year-old Jindo dog underwent enterectomy and enteroanastomosis due to ileus of the intestine at a local veterinary hospital. Grossly, the excised intestine showed markedly thickened multinodular masses in the serosal layer of the upper part, and soft-to-firm, cream-colored neoplastic masses that displayed extensive nodular mucosal protuberances into the lumen. The neoplastic masses were filled with large round cells that were ovoid in shape and they had pale and/or hyperchromatic nuclei. The neoplastic cells had mainly infiltrated into the mucosal and submucosal layers, and they had diffusely invaded the muscular and serosal layers. Therefore, the diagnosis of canine multiple intestinal malignant lymphomatous polyposis was made based on the gross and histopathological findings. The origin of these tumor cells was determined to be B-cells since they were positive for anti-CD20.

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.