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ObjectiveTo investigate the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Salmonella isolated from retail chicken in Beijing City.MethodsA total of 135 Salmonella strains were isolated from retail chicken meat collected from three large wholesale markets in Fengtai District in Beijing City from 2014 to 2015. The serotype of these Salmonella strains was identified using both a Luminex serotyping kit and a traditional serum agglutination method. Multilocus sequence typing was performed according to the recommended conditions of the Enterobase database. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing plates were used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates against 12 classes of drugs representing 25 antimicrobial agents. PCR was used to detect the prevalence of the 10 mobile colistin resistance genes （mcr） and three NDM-type carbapenemases genes （blaNDM）.ResultsAmong the 135 Salmonella strains， 6 serogroups were detected， with D1 and B being the main serogroups； 20 serotypes were detected， in which Enteritidis， Indiana， and Thompson were the dominant ones with percentages of 50.4%， 15.6%， and 8.1%， respectively； 21 ST types were obtained， and a good correspondence was observed between serotypes and ST types. 91.9% of all tested isolates showed resistance to the tested drugs and showed the highest resistance to nalidixic acid， ampicillin， ampicillin-sulbactam， tetracycline. Multi-drug resistant strains accounted for 71.1% of all strains and were resistant to as many as 18 kinds of antimicrobial compounds belonging to 10 categories. Among the 17 strains co-resistant to 8 or more classes of drugs， 16 were of the Indiana serotype. The proportion of strains with high multi-drug resistance was different in different packaging methods， different seasons， and different wholesale markets. All strains were negative for the mcr and blaNDM genes.ConclusionThe serotypes of Salmonella isolates from chicken meat in wholesale markets in Beijing City from 2014 to 2015 were complex， with the dominant serotype of Salmonella Enterititis， and the overall antimicrobial resistance level of all isolates was high. To assess the possible food safety risks， continuous monitoring for Salmonella Indiana with high levels of antimicrobial resistance must be carried out and their drug resistance and transmission mechanisms must be studied to help develop first-line and ultimate drugs for clinical treatment of Salmonella diseases.

The microbial control in broiler chicken slaughtering and processing is essential in ensuring food safety and human health. Scalding， washing， and cooling are crucial stages for controlling microbial contamination during broiler chicken processing， and a combined use of multiple measures can effectively reduce microbial load on broiler chicken carcasses. Among these antimicrobial agents， sodium hypochlorite， cetylpyridinium chloride， and acidified sodium chlorite are effective in reducing contamination by pathogens such as Salmonella， Escherichia coli， and Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses. However， the effectiveness of reducing microbes depends on the stages of microbial control and the amount and duration of antimicrobial agent application. This article provides an overview of the control measures for microbial contamination at various stages of broiler chicken slaughtering and processing. Additionally， this study systematically elucidates the microbial reduction effects of various antimicrobial agents in these process stages. This review aims to provide data references for preventing and controlling microbial contamination during broiler chicken slaughtering and processing in domestic industries， thereby promoting the healthy development of the broiler production industry and safeguarding consumer health.

The lithology and hardness of the coal seam roof are directly related to the stability and water permeability of the roadway and the safe production of the coal mine. It has become a common method to predict gas content based on AVO inversion, but the conventional AVO inversion formula is a simplified approximation of Zoeppritz equation in different degrees under certain conditions, which affects the inversion accuracy to some extent. On the basis of petrophysical analysis of the roof, the pre-stack inversion of quasi-linear Zoeppritz equation with the smallest overall angle error was employed to lithology and hardness prediction of coal seam roof in Yangquan Mining Area, Shanxi Province. The results show that the expression of quasi-linear Zoeppritz equation is simple, and through the AVO characteristic analysis of different Zoeppritz approximate formulas, found that the precision of quasi-linear Zoeppritz equation is the highest, second only to that of accurate Zoeppritz equation. The analysis of rock mechanics characteristics shows that Young’s modulus multiplied by density is the most sensitive to hardness, and pseudo-gamma P-wave velocity can effectively reflect roof lithology. The lithology and hardness characterization parameters obtained from inversion are combined with the parameter well data and geological data to comprehensively evaluate the roof stability, provide geological evidence for roadway excavation and reduce the coal mine production risk.

ObjectiveA dual real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of two virulence genes tdh and trh of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was established, and the virulence genes carried by 2 771 strains of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China were comprehensively detected.MethodsAccording to the tdh and trh virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, PCR primers and fluorescent probes were designed respectively, the real-time PCR reaction system and reaction procedure were optimized, and a dual real-time PCR detection method which can detect the two virulence genes at the same time was established. The virulence genes carried by 2 771 strains of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in 2015 and 2016 were detected by the established method, and compared with the result of PCR method to evaluate the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the method.ResultsThe established dual fluorescence PCR method could detect both tdh and trh virulence genes at the same time, and its sensitivity was 1.5×10-4 ng/μL. The accuracy and specificity were 100%. In 2015, the carrying rates of tdh and trh genes in foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China were 0.26% (3/1 137) and 1.67%(19/1 137) respectively, and were 0.24%(4/1 634) and 0.43%(7/1 634) in 2016 respectively.ConclusionIn this study, a dual real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection of tdh and trh virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was established, which could quickly and accurately screen the virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The carrying rate of tdh and trh virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food in China was low. The dual real-time PCR method can be applied to the study of the pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food, and provide scientific data for the risk assessment of dietary exposure to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China.

ObjectiveWhole genome sequencing and analysis was conducted on a Burkholderia gladiolus pv. cocovenenans strain, isolated from raw corn flour sample which caused family agglutinative bongkrekic acid poisoning. The genetic characteristics of its virulence and pathogenicity were analyzed as well.MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from DBJ isolate, the whole genome sequencing was carried out. Bioinformatics method were used to mine and analyze the data obtained from sequencing.ResultsTwo independent chromosomes (G1 and G2) and one plasmid (P) were found in DBJ isolate. The lengths of the chromosomes and plasmid were about 4 Mb and 300 kb respectively. The GC content of the two chromosomes was both around 68.0%, and that of the plasmid was slightly lower at 63.0%. The bon gene cluster was found on chromosome G2. The phylogenetic analysis showed that DBJ isolate and UCD-UG_CHAPALOTE stain which was isolated from corn sample in Canada were in the same clade. Among 255 strains, 31 carrying bon gene cluster and they had obvious genetic evolutionary tendency.ConclusionThe bon gene cluster was located on the chromosome of Burkholderia gladiolus pv. cocovenenans DBJ, and it was the main pathogenic gene causing food poisoning in human.

Objective Campylobacter species are the main causes of foodborne illness worldwide, posing significant threats to public health. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and genomic characterization of C. jejuni/C.coli from retail chickens in Beijing. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 126 C. jejuni/C. coli isolated from retail chickens in Beijing, following CLSI protocols. Whole genomes of all isolates were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Results More C. coli (83.82%) showed multi-drug resistance than C. jejuni (8.62%). Genomic analysis demonstrated 42 sequence types (STs) and 12 clonal complexes (CCs), from which CC828 and CC52 were dominant. cdtA, cdtB and cdtC encoding cytotoxic protein were present spontaneously in most C. jejuni but not found in any C. coli isolates. The abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes (VGs) in C. jejuni and C. coli were significantly different, with ARGs numbered in C. coli and VGs in C. jejuni. Conclusions High prevalence of multi-drug resistance C. coli and C. jejuni isolated from Beijing chickens were challenging clinical antibiotic usages in the treatment of Campylobacter infection. The surveillance of particular C. jejuni and C. coli STs correlated with higher resistance and virulence needs to be strengthened in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX) chemotherapy regimens in elderly patients (≥70 years old) with advanced squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: The clinical records of elderly patients aged ≥70 years with advanced squamous NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. All of these patients received nab‐PTX, with or without combination of chemotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017. We analyzed the toxicity profiles, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Results: Totally, 52 elderly patients with squamous NSCLC were included in the analysis. For all patients, the ORR was 34.6%, the DCR was 80.8%, median PFS was 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0‐7.8 months), and median OS was 14.3 months (95% CI: 11.0‐17.8 months). Combination with chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS (19.3 vs 11.2 months, P =.016), despite a nonsignificant improvement in PFS (7.1 vs 4.2 months, P =.060) vs monotherapy. For patients who received nab‐PTX as first‐line treatment, the median PFS and OS were 6.7 months and 17.2 months, respectively, and the median OS in combination therapy subgroup was significantly higher than that in monotherapy group (20.3 vs 11.2 months, P =.013). Meanwhile, the median PFS and OS of patients with nab‐PTX as second‐ or later‐line treatment were 4.4 months and 13.3 months, respectively, but no survival benefit was achieved by the combination chemotherapy when compared with single‐agent chemotherapy. Hematologic toxicities were the most common adverse events (AEs), which include grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (13.7%), thrombocytopenia (4.1%), and anemia (6.8%). The main nonhematologic toxicities were peripheral sensory neuropathy (39.7%), followed by anorexia and nausea/vomiting. Conclusion: In elderly advanced squamous NSCLC patients, the treatment of nab‐PTX was effective and well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: This study characterized Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China (2020)., Methods and Results: In total, 122 (95.31%) V. alginolyticus isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic category, and 2 (1.56%) isolates were resistant to at least 3 antibiotic categories and belong to multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates. A high prevalence rate was observed to be blaCARB (98.04%) encoding beta-lactam resistance, followed by tet (97.06%) encoding tetracycline resistance and fos (4.90%) encoding resistance to fosfomycin. Among the 57 V. alginolyticus isolates, the commonest virulence genes were type III secretion system translocated gene vopD , vopB , and vcrH (54.4%, 31/57), type III secretion system regulated gene tyeA (54.39%), followed by vscI and vscF (50.88%) encoded type III secretion system inner rod protein and needle protein, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed considerable genetic diversity, with 34 distinct sequence types (STs) identified among 55 isolates. ST421 ( n  = 5), ST166 ( n  = 4), ST523 ( n  = 3), ST516 ( n  = 3), and ST507 ( n  = 3) were dominant STs among 55 V. alginolyticus isolates., Discussion: These findings highlight the widespread occurrence of V. alginolyticus in both freshwater and seafood products, underscoring the critical need for vigilant monitoring of these bacteria. Such measures are essential for ensuring effective food safety management and safeguarding public health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sun, Yan, Yan, Li, Li, Yan, Yang, Peng, Yang, Sun, Xu, Dong and Bai.)

Autophagy played a significant role in the development of cancer. In this study, we explored the value of autophagy-associated genes in gastric cancer. RNA sequencing and clinical information containing 375 gastric cancer and 32 normal tissues were gathered from the TCGA portal. Then we stochastically allocated the autophagy-associated genes (AAGs) to training and testing groups. Next, we screened the discrepantly expressed AAGs and the prognostic AAGs by Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis. Afterwards, we structured the model by using the prognostic AAGs and plotted Kaplan-Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to verify the performance of models in both groups. Besides, we utilized Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to explore the molecular mechanisms of AAGs in gastric cancer. Finally, we demonstrated discrepant expression of AAGs within gastric cancer and non-tumor tissues at protein level with immunohistochemistry. 28 discrepantly expressed AAGs were screened from the TCGA database which contained 375 gastric cancer and 32 non-tumor samples. Cox and Lasso regression analyses were performed in training group and then we got 5 prognostic AAGs to establish the prognostic model. The patients who had high risk possessed worse overall survival (OS) both in training group (5-year OS, 47.6% vs 23.1%; P < 0.0001) and test group (5-year OS, 49.2% vs 0%, P=0.019). The proportion under ROC curves (AUC) were significant both in training group and test group (5-year AUC, 0.736 vs 0.809). Through this study, we constructed a model for gastric cancer patients which may provide individual treatment and superior prognosis., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2021.)