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‘Critical’ career milestones for faculty (e.g., tenure, securing grant funding) relate to career advancement, job satisfaction, service/leadership, scholarship/research, clinical or teaching activities, professionalism, compensation, and work-life balance. However, barriers and challenges to these milestones encountered by junior faculty have been inadequately studied, particularly those affecting underrepresented minorities in science (URM-S). Additionally, little is known about how barriers and challenges to career milestones have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic for URM-S and non-URM faculty mentees in science. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 faculty mentees from four academic institutions (located in New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, and Hawaii), including 22 URM-S (women or racial/ethnic). Respondents were given examples of ‘critical’ career milestones and were asked to identify and discuss barriers and challenges that they have encountered or expect to encounter while working toward achieving these milestones. We performed thematic descriptive analysis using NVivo software in an iterative, team-based process. Our preliminary analysis identified five key themes that illustrate barriers and challenges encountered: Job and career development, Discrimination and a lack of workplace diversity; Lack of interpersonal relationships and inadequate social support at the workplace; Personal and family matters; and Unique COVID-19-related issues. COVID-19 barriers and challenges were related to online curriculum creation and administration, interpersonal relationship development, inadequate training/service/conference opportunities, and disruptions in childcare and schooling. Although COVID-19 helped create new barriers and challenges for junior faculty mentees, traditional barriers and challenges for ‘critical’ career milestones continue to be reported among our respondents. URM-S respondents also identified discrimination and diversity-related barriers and challenges. Subsequent interviews will focus on 12-month and 24-month follow-ups and provide additional insight into the unique challenges and barriers to ‘critical’ career milestones that URM and non-URM faculty in science have encountered during the unique historical context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Organizational culture is the shared, often unspoken, basic values, beliefs, and assumptions. Underlying culture influences organizational climate, the observable policies, practices, and procedures that faculty experience. Yet little is known about mentoring culture and climate in higher education. The purpose of this study was to a) conduct a psychometric evaluation of the 4-item Organizational Culture Mentoring Values (OCuM-V) scale and b) determine if organizational culture, operationalized as values related to mentoring, is associated with organizational mentoring climate (OMC) and involvement with mentoring. 298 [55 under-represented minority (URM)] faculty from University of New Mexico and Arizona State University completed a cross-sectional survey, including the OCuM-V scale and the 15-item OMC Availability (OMCA) scale. Items for both scales were rated No (1), Don’t know (0), or Yes (1). Faculty reported if they were being mentored or providing mentoring. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha were used for scale evaluation. Spearman correlation and logistic regression were used to assess OCuM-V association with climate and mentoring involvement, respectively. Overall, 24% of faculty were being mentored (27% for URM), and 43% were mentoring (38% for URM). OCuM-V items loaded on a single factor in EFA (Cronbach’s alpha=0.84 for all; 0.88 for URM). OCuM-V was positively correlated with OMCA (including institutional expectations, mentor-mentee relationships, and resources subscales) for both all and URM faculty (r>0.4 p

Many mentor training interventions in higher education focus on improving interactions between mentors and mentees. Existing measures of interactions are based on reported perceptions of the mentor or mentee. However, there are currently no objective assessments of the mentor’s behavioral skill. The purpose of this study was to develop a Mentor Behavioral Interaction (MBI) Rubric as a measure of a mentor’s behavioral skill during single-episode interactions with a mentee. Subsequently, the content validity was assessed. The six items (Part 1), evaluated by five mentoring experts as quantifiable behaviors in any mentor-mentee interaction, were based on the Mentoring Competency Assessment (Fleming et al., 2013). The experts developed scoring criteria (highest, middle, and lowest performance) for each item, and created another eleven items (Part 2) to characterize the content (yes/no) of the interaction. Seven content experts rated the items and scoring criteria using a scale ranging from very (4) to not relevant (1) (Lynn, 1986). Five of the six Part 1 items and scoring criteria, and nine of the eleven Part 2 items had item content validity indices (I-CVI) ≥ 0.86. The Part 1 “motivates” item and scoring, and the Part 2 “personal/professional preferences” item were revised based on expert recommendations. One Part 2 item was deleted. Average scale content validity indices (S-CVI/Ave) were ≥ 0.90. The MBI Rubric is the first measure developed to assess single episodes of videoed mentor-mentee interactions. The Rubric may be used with other measures to assess the effectiveness of mentor training. Limitations include: evaluation of the mentor’s behavior without accounting for the mentee’s behavior; inability to infer cognitive processes; and focus on the quality of one interaction, rather than the effectiveness of the relationship over time. Future work will assess inter-rater reliability, sensitivity to change, and construct validity for the Rubric.

Outstanding progress has been achieved in developing therapeutic options for reasonably alleviating symptoms and prolonging the lifespan of patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI). Current treatments, however, only partially address the functional recovery of post-infarcted myocardium, which is in fact the major goal for effective primary care. In this context, we largely investigated novel cell and TE tissue engineering therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair, particularly using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and natural extracellular matrices, from pre-clinical studies to clinical application. A further step in this field is offered by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV), which are naturally released nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles with a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Herein, in this review, we further describe and discuss the rationale, outcomes and challenges of our evidence-based therapy approaches using Wharton's jelly MSC and derived EV in post-MI management.

Elementy krajobrazu powinny podlegać ochronie a ich liczba zwiększać się aby podnieść wartość świadczeń ekosystemowych dostarczanych przez grunty rolne. Kwalifikowalność elementów krajobrazu do otrzymywania płatności jest istotne dla wsparcia finansowego rolników, którzy będą dostarczać świadczeń ekosystemowych w ramach WPR 2021-2027. Kluczową kwestią jest uznanie agroleśnictwa w prawodawstwie, także w kontekście krajobrazu aby zwiększyć świadomość społeczeństwa że konieczne jest przejście z konwencjonalnych sposobów użytkowania gruntu do bardziej zrównoważonych. - Landscape features should be preserved and their extent enlarged to increase the delivery of ecosystem services in both croplands and arable lands. Accountability of landscape features is essential to pay farmers for ecosystem services delivery that is aimed at next CAP 2021-2027. It is essential to recognize agroforestry as such when describing landscape features to increase awareness about the needed transition from conventional to more sustainable land use systems.

Soils play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The carbon associated to the different soil fractions can vary over time due to several factors including biological system characteristics, climatic conditions or land use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of carbon uses traditionally encountered in the semi-arid areas of the South of Portugal (natural forest vegetation, agroforestry and agricultural). The experiment was carried out in three plots of the Perímetro Florestal of Contenda located in the Baixo Alentejo province, South of Portugal. The three selected plots were: i) a plot with natural forest vegetation, dominated by uneven aged Quercus rotundifolia L. trees established through natural regeneration, ii) a plot with an agroforestry land use (montado), in which uneven aged Quercus rotundifolia L. trees were established and are currently at a low density (66 trees ha-1) and combined with an extensive grazing with sheep, iii) a plot with an agricultural land use in which during the last six years the soil was tilled to sow a mixture of grasses (triticale, oat and wheat) and legumes (clover) for livestock feeding. In these plots soil samples were collected at a soil depth of 25 cm in March 2017. In the plots with natural forest vegetation the soil samples were collected under the trees and in the agroforestry plots the soil samples were collected under the trees and in those areas not affected by the trees. In the laboratory, soil samples were physically fractio- Elemental Analyzer. The percentage of carbon was used to calculate the carbon storage per hectare (Mg C ha-1) in the soil fractions. The obtained results showed that the land use modified the carbon storage in the soil fractions, mainly due to the different inputs of organic matter to the soil and the management activities associated with each land use such as the soil tillage or the livestock grazing. In this study, the trees established in the plots increased the carbon storage per hectare in the macroaggregates and in microaggregates probably due to the high inputs of organic matter to the soil coming from the tree leaves and roots. Therefore, in semi-arid areas such as those in this study it could be recommended the implementation of agroforestry systems such as the montado as a land use to mitigate the effect of the climate change, allowing agricultural production.

Praktyki drzewno-orne mogą przyczynić się do poprawy usług ekosystemowych na gruntach ornych jednocześnie generując miejsca pracy. Praktyki drzewno-orne zwiększają produktywność oraz poprawiają rezultaty społeczne i środowiskowe w przeliczeniu na jednostkę powierzchni gruntów. Ograniczenia techniczne, ekonomiczne, edukacyjne oraz prawne związane z praktykami drzewno-ornymi należy pokonywać poprzez odpowiednie planowanie i wprowadzanie strategii edukacyjnych i politycznych. - Silvoarable practices can contribute to increase the ecosystem services delivery from arable lands while generating employment. Silvoarable practices enhance productivity, environment and social outputs per unit of land. Silvoarable practices technical, economic, educational and policy challenges should be overcome through the adequate design and implementation of educational and policy programs.

Melissa oficinalis L. (melisa lekarska) jest uprawiana w celu pozyskania kwasu rozmarynowego, używanego w przemyśle farmaceutycznym. Dobrze sprawdza się w warunkach częściowego zacienienia. Drzewa wiśni dostarczają drewna wysokiej jakości, co pozwala uzyskać znaczący zwrot z inwestycji. W porównaniu do innych drzew, nie zacieniają silnie upraw.

Morwę wykorzystuje się jako paszę dla zwierząt gospodarskich w wielu krajach na całym świecie (np. w Indiach i Japonii). Liście morwy są znane z wysokiej zawartości białka (15-28%), dobrego profilu aminokwasowego (>46%), wysokiej strawności (>80%), wysokiej zawartości minerałów z zawartością popiołu do 25%, niskiej zawartości włókien (7,1-8,1%), oraz doskonałych walorów smakowych. Wysoka wydajność biomasy w połączeniu z niską zawartością tanin sprawia, że morwa jest atrakcyjną paszą dla zwierząt hodowlanych. Ponadto pozwala uzupełnić letnie niedobory paszy na pastwiskach, które są powszechnym problemem w wielu krajach śródziemnomorskich.

Laur to roślina o wysokim potencjale, odpowiednia do uprawiania w systemach agroleśnictwa, zarówno rolno-leśnych jak i leśno-pastwiskowych. Łańcuch wartości jak i współpraca rolników powinny być promowane w celu rozwoju rynku i wartości dodanej produktów. - Laurel is a plant with a strong potential to be used in combination with agroforestry practices, both silvoarable and silvopasture. Value chain and farmer cooperation should be promoted to better develop the market and the added value.

Agroleśnictwo to system gospodarowania wpisujący się w koncepcję Rolnictwa Inteligentnego Klimatycznie i jednocześnie sposób użytkowania gruntów, który można prowadzić na gruntach ornych (drzewno-orny), trwałych użytkach zielonych (leśno-pastwiskowy), trwałych plantacjach (alejowy/leśno-pastwiskowy), na obszarze lasów (leśno-pastwiskowy, uprawa w lesie) oraz na obszarach miejskich (ogrody przydomowe). - Agroforestry is a farming system that fits in the Climate Smart Agriculture concept and a type of land use able to be developed in agricultural lands such as arable lands (silvoarable), permanent grasslands (silvopasture) and permanent crops (silvoarable/silvopasture) in forest lands (silvopasture and forest farming) and in urban areas (homegardens).

Znaczenie agroleśnictwa w ramach WPR wzrosło w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat, nadal jednak istnieje wiele form użytkowania gruntów, które można w z równoważony sposób ulepszyć wprowadzając praktyki agroleśnicze. Agroleśnictwo posiada potencjał do wypełnienia założeń WPR po roku 2020, dotyczących zwiększenia rentowności i odporności gospodarstw, bezpieczeństwa i zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz efektywnego gospodarowania zasobami naturalnymi. - Agroforestry importance within the CAP has been increased in the last decades, but there is still a lot of land use that will be sustainably improved through the implementation of AF. AF is able to fulfill the objectives of the CAP post 2020 to support viable farm income and resilience across the Union to enhance security, foster to sustainable development and efficient management of natural resources.

Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie zwiększające bioróżnorodność. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie do łagodzenia skutków zmian klimatu. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie zwiększenia odporności gospodarstw dzięki zapewnieniu pożywienia zwierzętom w okresie niedoborów paszy. Systemy leśno-pastwiskowe to doskonałe narzędzie do poprawy dobrostanu zwierząt. - Silvopasture is an excellent tool to improve biodiversity. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to mitigate climate change. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to increase systems resilience as it provides feed to animals during the shortage periods. Silvopasture is an excellent tool to improve animal welfare.

Agroleśnictwo jest zrównoważonym sposobem gospodarowania gruntami, który powinien być wspierany w ramach WPR. W obrębie I filara WPR, należy uwzględnić wsparcie do agroleśnictwa na gruntach ornych, pastwiskach trwałych i lasach w oparciu o plany zarządzania tymi gruntami, zarówno w perspektywie krótko- jak i długoterminowej. Filar II WPR powinien wspierać zakładanie oraz pielęgnację systemów rolno-leśnych zarówno na gruntach rolnych jak i leśnych. Należy zapewnić kwalifikowalność gruntów z zadrzewieniami do płatności bezpośrednich. Transformacja w kierunku agroleśnictwa powinna obejmować rozwój innowacji oraz dzielenie się wiedzą z wykorzystaniem usług doradztwa. - Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system that should be promoted by the CAP. Pillar I should support agroforestry on their 3 types of lands through the recognition of management plans at short and long term. Pillar II should support the establishment and maintenance of agroforestry in agricultural and forestry lands, and in the first case to ensure the land to remain eligible. Agroforestry transition should be promoted through the development of innovation and extension services.

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Submitted by Margarida Galamba (galamba@isa.utl.pt) on 2018-01-29T14:46:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REP-CEF-4-Deliverable 6.17 Updated October 2017.pdf: 6016263 bytes, checksum: f3d745f09adc8d4c49f13fe302e5f284 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T14:46:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REP-CEF-4-Deliverable 6.17 Updated October 2017.pdf: 6016263 bytes, checksum: f3d745f09adc8d4c49f13fe302e5f284 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10 N/A

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The near-coastal circulation of the Northern Humboldt Current System is described analyzing approximate to 8700 velocity profiles acquired by a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP) during 21 surveys realized between 2008 and 2012 along the Peruvian coast. This data set permits observation of (i) part of the Peru Coastal Current and the Peru Oceanic Current that flow equatorward in near-surface layers close to the coast and farther than approximate to 150 km from the coast, respectively; (ii) the Peru-Chile Undercurrent (PCUC) flowing poleward in subsurface layers along the outer continental shelf and inner slope; (iii) the near-surfacing Equatorial Undercurrent renamed as Ecuador-Peru Coastal Current that feeds the PCUC; and (iv) a deep equatorward current, referred to as the Chile-Peru Deep Coastal Current, flowing below the PCUC. A focus in the PCUC core layer shows that this current exhibits typical velocities of 5-10 cm s(-1). The PCUC deepens with an increasing thickness poleward, consistent with the alongshore conservation of potential vorticity. The PCUC mass transport increases from approximate to 1.8 Sv at 5 degrees S to a maximum value of approximate to 5.2 Sv at 15 degrees S, partly explained by the Sverdrup balance. The PCUC experiences relatively weak seasonal variability and the confluence of eddy-like structures and coastal currents strongly complicates the circulation. The PCUC intensity is also affected by the southward propagation of coastally trapped waves, as revealed by a strong PCUC intensification in March 2010 coincident with the passage of a downwelling coastal wave associated with a weak El Nino event.

Several algorithms combining qualitative and quantitative components are currently used for splitting a large interconnected power grid into islands as a measure to provide the best reconfiguration option when a fault appears. The aim of this article is to compare the clustering results of a binary genetic algorithm and a deep learning based method in order to identify the differences and to find in which cases it is rather better applicable each of the techniques.

The usefulness of malaria diagnosis by Plasmodium falciparum GDH (NADP+), obtained by affinity chromatography, is demonstrated in ELISA assays, testing IgG antibodies against GDH (NADP+) from patients with acute malaria, who have had two or more episodes of malaria, or from sera of hyperimmune patients. GDH (NADP+) thermal stability was demonstrated in a high heat resistance assay. The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that anti-culture (P. falciparum) supernatant serum and anti-GDH (NADP+) of Proteus spp. recognized epitopes in Venezuelan isolates, and Colombian and Brasilian malarial strains. The antigen is soluble, with high specificity, is a potent immunogen and is thermoresistant.