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Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, Brazil has become one of the countries most affected by this disease. A year into the pandemic, a second wave of COVID-19 emerged, with a rapid spread of a new SARS-CoV-2 lineage of concern. Several vaccines have been granted emergency-use authorization, leading to a decrease in mortality and severe cases in many countries. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raises the alert for potential new waves of transmission and an increase in pathogenicity. We compared the demographic and clinical data of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro during the first and second waves between July 2020 and October 2021. In total, 106 participants were included in this study; among them, 88% had at least one comorbidity, and 37% developed severe disease. Disease severity was associated with older age, pre-existing neurological comorbidities, higher viral load, and dyspnea. Laboratory biomarkers related to white blood cells, coagulation, cellular injury, inflammation, renal, and liver injuries were significantly associated with severe COVID-19. During the second wave of the pandemic, the necessity of invasive respiratory support was higher, and more individuals with COVID-19 developed acute hepatitis, suggesting that the progression of the second wave resulted in an increase in severe cases. These results can contribute to understanding the behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and may be helpful in predicting disease severity, which is a pivotal for guiding clinical care, improving patient outcomes, and defining public policies.

Aims: To evaluate the mandibular bone cortical of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis on panoramic radiograph, through radiomorfometric indices. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus VIII, in the city of Araruna, PB, between January and December of 2015. Methodology: Panoramic radiographs of sixteen patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and 32 controls, organized by gender and age, composed the sample. The mandibular panoramic index, gonial index, antegonial index and mental index were evaluated. Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to statistical analysis with a level of significance of 5.0%. Results: Mucopolysaccharidosis patients were mostly female (62.5%), with a mean age of 12.31 + 7.16 years, MPS VI (50.0%) being the most prevalent. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis had higher values in the gonial (1.86+0.48), the antegonical (4.36+1.24) and the mental (5.24+1.21). However, only the antegoniac index presented a significant difference (P=0.047). Conclusion: The antegoniac index was higher in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and the other radiomorphometric measures were similar to those observed in the control group. Apparently, mucopolysaccharidosis is not related to decreased bone to mandibular quality.

Aims: This study aimed to report a case of multiple inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia in the upper lip, resulting from the association of lip sucking habit and the use of orthodontic appliance, treated with high-powered laser. Presentation of Case: A 42 years-old male patient, anxious, presented with five lesions in upper lip in close contact with dental appliance. Also, he had a habit of sucking his lip. After the removal of the appliance, it was performed a surgery using a diode laser (Thera Lase Surgery λ=808 nm, P=2.5 W). Discussion: The removal of the traumatic etiological agent is essential for the treatment of proliferative lesions, such as hyperplasias. After removal, if there is no complete regression of a small hyperplasia, surgical removal will be necessary. Diode surgical laser is a good alternative, due its advantages. Conclusion: It is very important to advise patients with harmful habits, as lip sucking, that with the persistence of the habit, new lesions will arise again. Monitoring psychological factors is also essential.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: The aim of this study was to apply texture analysis (TA) to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients with grade C periodontitis for detection of non-visible changes in the image. Methods: TA was performed on CBCT scans of 34 patients with grade C periodontitis. Axial sections of CBCT were divided into three groups as follows: Group L (lesion) in which there is a furcal lesion with periodontal bone loss; Group I (intermediate) in which the border of the furcal lesion has normal characteristics; and Group C (control) in which the area is healthy. Eleven texture parameters were extracted from the region of interest. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the differences in the texture between the three groups as follows: L versus I; L versus C, and I versus C. Results: Statistically significant differences (P

Background Certain clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mimic those associated with human herpesvirus (HHV) infection. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19 and determined if coinfection is associated with poorer outcomes and neurological symptoms. Methods We analyzed samples of 53 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The samples were evaluated for the presence of alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses, and the viral loads were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results Among the patients, in 79.2% had detection at least one type of herpesvirus. HHV-6 (47.2%), cytomegalovirus (43.3%), and HHV-7 (39.6%) showed the highest detection rates. Patients with a high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) load were more likely to show herpes simplex virus 1 detection (p = 0.037). Among patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HHVs, 26.4% showed central nervous system-associated neurological symptoms and herpetic manifestations. A statistically significant association was observed between neurological changes and HHV-6 detection (p = 0.034). Conclusions The findings showed a high prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, even though SARS-CoV-2 and HHV coinfection was not associated with poorer outcomes, the findings demonstrated the association between neurological symptoms and HHV-6 detection.

Saliva has been described a less invasive and easy to handle sample, compared to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in adults. Although the advantages of using saliva is still more evident in paediatric patients, little is now about its sensitivity in this group. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of saliva to that of NPS in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric patients with mild symptoms. This study evaluated saliva samples from children with suspected COVID-19 who attended public healthcare services of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Children were asked to spit into a sterile container for collection of about 1ml of saliva after the NPS collection. SARS-COV-2 detection was performed by using the Altona RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit 1.0. The sample consisted of 50 patients, in which 27 were girls (54%) and 23 were boys (46%). Ten were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in at least one sample collected. The mean age was 10.24 ± 3.52 years old and saliva was collected after 4.76 ± 1.31 days from the symptoms. Saliva and NPS have showed the same performance in the SARS-CoV-2 detection (k = 0.865, P < 0.001). In conclusion, saliva is a reliable alternative sample for COVID-19 diagnosis in paediatric population.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of polyomavirus (PyV) are present in several biological fluids and are suggested to be relevant viral factors for monitoring its persistence. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an immunosuppressive regimen on the status of PyV-miRNA-5p in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: The JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV miRNA-5p were investigated in paired saliva and plasma samples obtained from 23 patients before and shortly after renal-transplantation by using real-time RT-PCR. Results: Overall, within a short-time after transplantation, patients exhibited decreased numbers of leukocyte and lymphocyte as well as low levels of creatinine. During the clinical management of the patients, a significant amount of saliva samples were positive for JCPyV and BKPyV miRNA-5p (range: 26%-91%) compared to paired plasma samples (range: 9%-35%). Among the two polyomaviruses showing positive expression of miRNA-5p, BKPyV presented the highest positivity in saliva (91%) and MCPyV-miRNA-5p was constantly negative in both saliva and plasma samples. Compared to the time before transplantation, a significant reduction in the expression of JCPyV-miRNA-5p was observed in saliva samples obtained after transplantation. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggest that additional investigations of polyomavirus miRNA-5p in saliva should be performed shortly after renal-transplantation to evaluate the potential role in early viral reactivation.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the use of texture analysis for characterization of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas and to assess its efficacy to differentiate between both lesions with histological diagnosis. Methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 19 patients with 25 periapical lesions (14 radicular cysts and 11 periapical granulomas) confirmed by biopsy. Regions of interest were created in the lesions from which 11 texture parameters were calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed and adjusted with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure (FDR, Pathology; Dentistry; Oral Medicine; Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat; Radiology; Medical Imaging; l cone beam computed tomography; computer-assisted diagnosis; image processing, computer-assisted; periapical diseases.

Backgroung Roseolovirus latency and persistence in salivary glands that are frequently reactivated after renal transplantation to cause infection have been reported. However, limited information is available on the persistence and excretion of HHV-6 and HHV-7 during and after transplant. Methods 32 renal transplant recipients were followed up before (T1) and after transplant (T2 and T3) and viral replication (via assessment of mRNA) in oral fluid samples investigated. Roseolovirus DNA was detected and quantified via multiplex qPCR. For evaluation of mRNA replication, positive samples were subjected to nested RT-PCR. Results Viral replication of HHV-7 was significantly increased during T3 (72.9%), compared to the pre-transplant period T1 (25%; McNemar Test, p= 0.001). Analysis of the viral replicative to quantitative ratio disclosed ahigher number of DNA copies (>106) in positive cases of replication (p

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of actinic cheilitis among extractive mining workers and factors associated with the condition, especially the relationship between clinical appearance and the length of occupational exposure to sunlight. A cross-sectional study was performed in Dona Inês, Paraíba, Brazil between 2014 and 2015. A clinical examination, clinical photography and a questionnaire were applied to 201 extractive mining workers. The T-student’s, ANOVA one-way, Fisher’s exact and Pearson chi-squared tests were performed and the significance level was set at 5%. A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed (38.8%). Length of occupational exposure to sunlight in months (169.63±112.68, p=0.002) was associated with actinic cheilitis. Most workers were Caucasian (p

Despite its effectiveness, radiochemotherapy treatment in the head and neck region is accompanied by acute oral complications such as oral mucositis, dysphagia, xerostomia, and dysgeusia. The aim of this study was to analyze and prospectively assess the frequency and evolution of acute oral complications during radiochemotherapy in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. We have analyzed oral complications of 20 patients during 6 weeks of radiochemotherapy treatment for squamous cell carcinoma. Oral mucositis was evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria, dysphagia, and dysgeusia according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, and xerostomia according to parameters set by the Seminars in Radiation Oncology. Mucositis was first observed in the second week and all patients presented some degree of mucositis in the fourth week of radiotherapy. Xerostomia and dysphagia were initially reported already in the first week of radiotherapy. All patients presented xerostomia in the fourth week; however, dysphagia was observed in all patients, only in the sixth week. Dysgeusia was first observed in the second week, becoming more severe in the third week. Acute oral complications can be observed throughout the treatment, but the third week of radiotherapy seems to represent a critical week, regardless of the grade of the complication. The sixth week presents the worst grades of these complications. Knowledge about the natural course of oral complications during radiotherapy is important to develop better strategies for treatment and improve the patients’ quality of life.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the presence of polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) in the saliva of kidney transplant recipients and to correlate it with blood viremia. Material and Methods: We have conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample involving 126 renal transplant recipients. 126 samples of saliva and 52 samples of blood were collected from these patients. Detection and quantification of BKPyV were performed using a real-time PCR. To compare the presence of BKPyV in blood and saliva, the binomial proportion test was used. To verify associations between salivary shedding BKPyV and post-transplant periods (in months), the Mann-Whitney test was used. Spearman's correlation was used to correlate the viral load in the saliva with blood of kidney transplant recipients. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.11±12.45 years old, and 69 participants (54.8%) were female, with a mean post-transplantation time of 4.80±6.04 months. BKPyV was quantified in several samples of saliva and blood, with medians of 1,108 cp/mL and 1,255 cp/mL, respectively. Only 16/52 (30.8%) participants presented BKPyV in blood, and 59/126 (46.8%) excreted the virus in saliva (p=0.004). BKPyV shedding was found in patients at a shorter post-transplantation period (3.86±5.25, p=0.100). A weak correlation was observed between viral quantification in saliva and blood (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.193). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that, although saliva excretes more BKPyV than blood, there is no reliable correlation between salivary shedding and blood viremia, showing two independent compartments of viral replication.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to analyze the socioeconomic profile and academic performance of students of three courses on Campus VIII of the State University of Paraiba. Study Design: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an inductive approach was carried out involving students in the courses of dentistry, civil engineering and natural science on Campus VIII of the State University of Paraiba (northeastern Brazil) in 2013. Methodology: A total of 321 students were enrolled, and the sample was made up of 238 participants who answered a semi-structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic

To describe the shedding profile of human herpesviruses in the saliva of renal transplant recipients. This is a prospective case-control study of 50 renal transplant recipients and control group of 50 individuals (non-transplanted and immunocompetent). Mouthwash samples were collected via oral rinse and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. Fisher’s exact, chi-square, and Student t tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. The mean age of the study group was 49.42 ± 12.94 years, 28/50 (56%) were female, and the time elapsed after transplantation was 68.20 ± 67.19 months. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (P = 0.025) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (P = 0.024) were, statistically, more excreted in the saliva of renal transplant recipients compared to control group. Gender (P = 1.00) and age (P = 0.563) did not influence the salivary shedding of herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Individuals who excreted varicella-zoster virus in saliva had a shorter mean time of transplantation (22:00 + 2.82 months) (P

Objective To evaluate the clinical-pathological profile of patients with minor salivary gland neoplasms. Methods A retrospective study of specific cases diagnosed as benign and malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands was performed. The data were collected from medical records of patients seen at a hospital over a period of 15 years. The sample was made up of 37 cases. For the pathological study, slides containing 5μm thick sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were used. The data were tabulated using descriptive statistics. Results Malignant neoplasms represented 70.3% of cases. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common neoplasm (45.9%), followed by pleomorphic adenoma (24.4%). Most patients were female (70.3%), aged between 71 and 80 years. The palate (67.6%) and the retromolar region (10.8%) were the most affected sites. Conclusion Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common tumor in minor salivary glands. These tumors are more common in females aged over 40 years. The palate was the most common affected site. RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o perfil clínico-patológico de pacientes com neoplasias de glândula salivar menor. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de casos específicos diagnosticados como neoplasias benignas ou malignas de glândula salivar menor. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos em um hospital no período de 15 anos. A amostra final foi de 37 casos. Para o estudo histopatológico, foram usadas lâminas contendo secções com 5μm de espessura, coradas pela técnica de hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram tabulados de forma descritiva. Resultados As neoplasias malignas representaram 70,3% dos casos. O tipo histológico mais prevalente foi o carcinoma mucoepidermoide (45,9%), seguido do adenoma pleomórfico (24,4%). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (70,3%), com idade entre 71 e 80 anos. O palato (67,6%) e a região retromolar (10,8%) foram os sítios mais acometidos. Conclusão O carcinoma mucoepidermoide foi o tumor mais comum das glândulas salivares menores. Estes tumores foram mais comuns em mulheres com mais de 40 anos. O palato foi o sítio mais acometido.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the area of health at the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit (36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (pAvaliar a relação entre o tabagismo e os fatores comportamentais e sociodemográficos entre acadêmicos da área de saúde da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB). Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico, no qual foi obtida uma amostra representativa de cada curso (Odontologia, Enfermagem, Psicologia, Farmácia, Fisioterapia e Educação Física). Foram entrevistados 492 alunos por meio de formulário estruturado. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (significância de 5%). A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 5,7% e o estresse foi a principal razão para o início do hábito (36,8%). Na análise multivariada por regressão logística as variáveis, sexo, prática de religião, período cursado e consumo etílico apresentaram-se associadas ao hábito de fumar (p

Background Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) has been described as a condition that characteristically affects the jaws of middle-aged black women. Radiographically, FCOD appears as dense, lobulated masses, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaws. FCOD is usually asymptomatic. In severe cases, focal expansion may occur due to infection. Management of the symptomatic patient is more difficult due to the avascular nature of the lesion which contributes to susceptibility severe infection, bone sequestration, and osteomyelitis when surgery is performed. Case report This paper presents a rare case of severe FCOD; the black woman patient was diagnosed based on clinical and radiographic findings and treated conservatively. The examination of panoramic radiographs revealed a multiple sclerotic masses with radiolucent borders, found in the mandible and maxilla which were symmetrical at presentation. The patient continuous with the follow-up. Discussion This report confirms that a diagnosis can be made with accurate clinical and radiographic assessment. The correct selection of treatment for FCOD depends on this information.

Os objetivos desse estudo foram determinar a prevalência de maloclusão e a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes de 18 a 50 anos de idade atendidos nas clínicas odontológicas da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. A amostra compreendeu 156 pacientes (65,4% mulheres e 34,6% homens). O diagnóstico da maloclusão foi feito com o uso do Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) por meio de dois examinadores calibrados (K = 0,71). A análise estatística utilizou os testes do Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de maloclusão foi 63,5%. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a perda de elemento dentário na região anterior e a severidade da maloclusão (p = 0,000; OR = 21,06 [8,47-53,90]). Metade dos pacientes não estava satisfeita com o sorriso, existindo diferença estatisticamente significante entre a severidade da maloclusão e a satisfação ao sorrir (p = 0,015; OR = 2,23 [1,16-4,71]). Conclui-se que a prevalência de maloclusão foi alta, sendo mais frequente o apinhamento no segmento incisal. Um terço dos pacientes portava maloclusão muito severa/incapacitante, sendo verificada associação entre a severidade da maloclusão e a satisfação ao sorrir.The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and the orthodontic treatment needs in patients aged 18 to 50 years attending the dental clinics of the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. The sample was composed of 156 patients (65.4% females and 34.6% males). The diagnosis of malocclusion was established by two calibrated examiners (K = 0.71) using the Dental Aesthetics Index (DAI). The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for statistical analysis of the data at 5% significance level. The prevalence of malocclusion was 63.5%. There was statistically significant difference between tooth loss in the anterior region and malocclusion severity (p = 0.000; OR = 21.06 [8.47-53.90]). Half of the patients were not satisfied with their smile, with statistically significant difference between malocclusion severity and satisfaction at smiling (p = 0.015; OR= 2.23 [1.16-4.71]). In conclusion, the prevalence of malocclusions was high, the most frequent being crowding in the incisal segment. One third of the patients presented very severe/incapacitating malocclusion, existing association between malocclusion severity and satisfaction at smiling.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and distribution of the cases of mandibular fractures due to external causes treated at the Hospital Regional d...

This study aims to evaluate and verify the relationship between the immunoexpression of hMSH2, p53 and p21 in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Forty AC and 40 SCC cases were submitted to immunoperoxidase method and quantitatively analyzed. Expression was compared by Mann–Whitney test, Student t test or one-way ANOVA. To correlate the variables, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated. The expression of p53 and p21 showed no significant differences between histopathological grades of AC or lower lip SCC (p > 0.05). Immunoexpression of p53 was higher in SCC than in AC (p < 0.001), while p21 expression was more observed in AC when compared to SCC group (p = 0.006). The AC group revealed an inverse correlation between p53 and hMSH2 expression (r = −0.30, p = 0.006). Alterations in p53 and p21 expression suggest that these proteins are involved in lower lip carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 and hMSH2 seem to be interrelated in early events of this process.

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos cirurgioes-dentistas das Estrategias de Saude da Familia (ESF) do municipio de Patos-PB, no atendimento a pacientes com Hipertensao Arterial (HA). Metodos: foi um estudo do tipo transversal e analitico, no qual foi aplicado questionario estruturado com 21 profissionais das ESFs de Patos-PB. Os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir da estatistica descritiva e inferencial bivariada (testes qui-quadrado e exato de Ficher). Resultados: dos pesquisados, 85,7% souberam definir hipertensao arterial, mas apenas 44,4% destes responderam corretamente; 95,2% responderam corretamente o valor normal da pressao arterial. A xerostomia foi a alteracao causada pelo uso de anti-hipertensivo mais citada (85,71%); A lidocaina foi o anestesico de escolha (61,9%); a interacao medicamentosa mais citada (48,6%) foi a dos anti-hipertensivos com os AINE e com os analgesicos com AAS. Participam do programa Hiperdia 66,7% dos entrevistados e 33,3% relataram aferir a pressao dos pacientes dependendo da anamnese realizada. Observou-se associacao estatistica entre trabalhar em outro local e definir corretamente HA (p=0,006). Conclusao: os profissionais que participaram da pesquisa mostraram um conhecimento relativamente bom, realizando uma conduta condizente com o que a literatura sugere, mas ainda necessitando de maiores esclarecimentos sobre o tema, para suprir suas maiores dificuldades.

Objetivo: Verificar, “in vitro”, o potencial antimicrobiano do Anapyon®, da Água Rabelo® e do Malvatricin® sobre microrganismos presentes na cavidade oral. Método: Para realização do experimento, utilizou-se o protocolo sequenciado durante quatro dias que avaliou, através da medida da densidade óptica, o potencial antimicrobiano dos fármacos nos microrganismos (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis e Candida albicans), em suas formas planctônicas, apenas o Malvatricin® foi avaliado sobre as formas de biofilme por ser o único fármaco que apresentou resultados satisfatórios sobre as formas planctônicas. O estudo adotou como controle negativo a água destilada e controle positivo a Clorexidina®. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a uma análise estatística com os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Observou-se, através da medida da densidade óptica, que apenas o Malvatricin® apresentou bons resultados na forma planctônica, sendo estes semelhantes ao controle positivo (clorexidina), considerado padrão nos ensaios antimicrobianos em Odontologia. Os resultados do Malvatricin® foram estatisticamente melhores quando comparados aos demais fármacos (Anapyon®, Água Rabelo®) e ao controle negativo. Este resultado foi semelhante para todos os microrganismos estudados: Staphylococcus aureus (p=0,002), Candida tropicalis (p=0,002), Candida parapsilosis (p=0,001) e Candida albicans (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the area of health at the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit (36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (p

Esthesioneuroblastoma, or olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), is a rare malignant tumor of the olfactory neuroepithelium, which is normally confined to the superior one third of the nasal septum, cribriform plate, and superior turbinates but may extend to the base of the skull and intracranial space. ONB accounts for only 3% of all intranasal tumors, and its etiology remains unclear. The tumor can affect both children and adults, with a bimodal peak incidence between 11 and 20 years and between 51 and 60 years.1 Controversy exists regarding the origin, diagnosis, and management of ONB, mainly because of its rarity and the fact that most institutions treat only a small number of patients with this diagnosis.2; 3 ; 4 Many cases go unrecognized because of difficulties in the diagnosis of this tumor as a result of nonspecific initial symptoms (nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis). There are rare reports of ONB arising in the nasopharynx, ethmoid sinus, and maxillary sinus. We report a rare case of a very large ONB in a pediatric patient. The clinical appearance of the tumor and diagnostic procedure are discussed, and cases published in the literature are reviewed.

1 Master’s degree student of oral pathology, UFRN.2 Master’s degree student of dentistry, UEPB.3 Doctoral student of materials science and engineering. Full professor, UEPB.4 Doctoral student of materials science and engineering. Full professor, UEPB.5 Doctorate in oral pathology, UFRN. Full professor of oral pathology, UEPB.Send correspondence to: Dmitry Jose de Santana Sarmento - Rua Jose Jesuino de Brito 415 Quarenta Campina Grande PB 58.416-270.Paper submitted to the BJORL-SGP (Publishing Management System – Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology) on December 13, 2009; and accepted on March 23, 2010. cod. 6838

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment and the perception of such need among students aged 11-14 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 346 students, randomly selected from public and private schools. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment (NNOT). The perceived need for treatment among students was assessed by a previously validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test (α = 5%). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and NNOT was 65.6%. Of the sample, 73.7% felt they needed treatment, 66.2% wanted orthodontic treatment and 62.7% were satisfied with their dental aesthetics. A statistically significant association was observed between NNOT and the perception of the need for treatment among the students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of malocclusion, which was reflected in the high normative need for orthodontic treatment. The opinion of patients regarding their expectations of orthodontic treatment should be valued. The students perceived a need for orthodontic treatment. RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico e a percepção dessa necessidade entre alunos de 11-14 anos de idade. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 346 alunos selecionados aleatoriamente de escolas públicas e privadas. O Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) foi utilizado para avaliar a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico (NNTO). A percepção da necessidade de tratamento entre os estudantes foi avaliada por meio de um questionário previamente validado. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (α = 5%). Resultados: a prevalência de má oclusão e NNTO foi de 65,6%. Da amostra, 73,7% relataram que precisavam de tratamento, 66,2% queriam tratamento ortodôntico e 62,7% estavam satisfeitos com sua estética dentária. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o NNTO e a percepção da necessidade de tratamento entre os alunos (p < 0,001). Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou alta prevalência de má oclusão, o que se refletiu na alta necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico. A opinião dos pacientes sobre suas expectativas de tratamento ortodôntico deve ser valorizada. Os alunos perceberam a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico.