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The non-destructive and rapid monitoring system for residual nitrite content in processed meat products is critical for ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance. This study was performed to investigate the application of hyperspectral imaging in combination with machine learning algorithms to predict and monitor residual nitrite concentrations in emulsified pork sausages. The emulsified pork sausage was formulated with 1.5% (w/w) sodium chloride, 0.3% (w/w) sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.5% (w/w) ascorbic acid, and sodium nitrite at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg, based on total sample weight. Hyperspectral imaging measurements were conducted by capturing images of the cross-sections and lateral sides of sausage samples in a linescan mode, covering the spectral range of 1000–2500 nm. The analysis revealed that higher nitrite concentrations could influence the protein matrix and hydrogen-bonding capacities, which might cause increased reflectance at approximately 1080 nm and 1280 nm. Machine learning models, including XGBoost, CATboost, and LightGBM, were employed to analyze the hyperspectral data. XGBoost demonstrated the best performance, achieving an R2 of 0.999 and a root mean squared error of 0.095, highlighting its high predictive accuracy. This integration of hyperspectral imaging with advanced machine learning algorithms offers a non-destructive and real-time method for monitoring residual nitrite content in processed meat products, noticeably improving quality control processes in the meat industry. Additionally, real-time implementation in industrial settings could further streamline quality control and enhance operational efficiency. Further research should focus on validating these findings with larger sample sizes and more diverse datasets to ensure robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:  Acute abdomen is a common and urgent clinical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. This study determines the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients presenting with acute abdomen at a tertiary care hospital., Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, provisional diagnoses, treatment modalities, and pain management effectiveness in patients with acute abdomen., Methods:  This prospective observational study was conducted in the Emergency Medicine department at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, over a specified period. The study included patients presenting with acute abdomen, aged above 14 years, excluding those with traumatic acute abdomen and pregnant patients. A sample size of 146 was calculated based on the proportion of ureteric colic cases, with a 95% confidence interval and a 6% margin of error; however, a total of 176 patients were included in the study. Data collection involved recording demographic details, clinical features, provisional diagnoses, and pain scores, as well as performing required blood investigations and ultrasonography. Pain scores were assessed before and after treatment. Patients will be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioid analgesia, depending on the clinical severity. Emergency medicine residents, in consultation with the on-call consultant, determined the disposition of patients, deciding if they required surgical or conservative management., Results: The study found that the majority of patients, n = 130 (73.86%), were aged 26-50 years, with cases n = 103 (58.52%) being males and cases n = 73 (41.48%) females. Acute appendicitis was the most common diagnosis, n = 41 (24.43%), followed by urolithiasis n = 33 (18.75%). Surgical interventions were required for n = 78 (45.08%) of patients, highlighting the urgent nature of these conditions. Pain management was effective, with significant reductions in pain scores post-treatment (mean visual analog score (VAS) decreased from 6.22 to 2.33, and mean numerical rating score (NRS) from 6.05 to 2.10; p < 0.001)., Conclusion:  The study underscores the high prevalence of gastrointestinal and renal conditions in patients with acute abdomen, particularly in middle-aged adults. The high rate of surgical interventions reflects the urgent nature of these conditions. Significant reductions in pain scores demonstrated effective pain management. Comprehensive care strategies are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Future research with larger sample sizes and multi-center participation is recommended to validate these findings and enhance management protocols for acute abdomen., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Research and recognition committee Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune issued approval IESC/PGS/2022/177. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

Background:  Evaluating high-sensitivity troponin I levels in emergency medicine is critical for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aims to evaluate the central laboratory versus bedside troponin I test in the emergency department of a tertiary care center., Material and Methods:  This prospective observational study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from October to December 2023. Patient samples were analyzed in the central laboratory using the Dimension EXL 200 (Siemens® Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Erlangen, Germany) as the gold standard test and through point-of-care testing using the TriageTrue® (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, CA) high-sensitivity troponin I kit, which was run on the Triage® MeterPro® device (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, CA). This device quantitatively determines troponin I in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated whole blood and plasma specimens. The results were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). An unpaired t-test was performed to compare the difference in time taken using the two testing methods., Result:  The mean time for obtaining troponin I results was substantially shorter with bedside testing (14.91 minutes, standard deviation (SD) = 0.5) than with laboratory testing (119.1 minutes, SD = 5.03). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (t = -172.36, p < 0.001). A chi-square test was conducted to assess the disparity between the two testing methods, yielding a chi-square value of 32.64 and a p value of 0.00001, indicating a significant difference between bedside testing and laboratory testing., Conclusion: The bedside high-sensitivity troponin I test offers a considerable advantage over laboratory testing regarding turnaround time within the emergency medicine department in India. This rapid diagnostic capability is crucial for timely management, which is beneficial for patients inconclusive of acute coronary syndrome-like non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). It is also cost-effective. It also reduces the emergency boarding time and may reduce the number of unnecessary admissions in healthcare facilities., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethical Subcommittee, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre issued approval IESC/PGS/2023/176. We approved the study presented by Yash Dixit from the Emergency Medicine Department at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre in Pimpri, Pune. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

Statins are widely used to manage dyslipidemia and prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their effectiveness and general safety profile. However, they can sometimes cause severe muscle-related adverse effects, presenting diagnostic challenges when symptoms overlap with other conditions. This case report describes a middle-aged woman who presented to the emergency department with bilateral lower limb weakness, initially suggesting Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Despite her history of low-grade fever and diarrhea, primary and secondary surveys, including electrocardiogram, blood gas analysis, and nerve conduction studies, showed no definitive signs of GBS. The patient had a recent history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and was on dual antiplatelet therapy and rosuvastatin. Elevated creatine kinase levels and exclusion of other differential diagnoses led to the diagnosis of statin-induced myopathy, a rare but severe adverse effect of statins. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, cessation of statins, and sessions of hemodialysis and plasmapheresis, resulting in significant improvement and eventual recovery of muscle power and neurological function. This case highlights the importance of recognizing statin-induced myopathy in patients with muscle weakness and emphasizes the need for thorough clinical evaluation to differentiate it from other conditions such as GBS. Further research is warranted to understand the pathophysiology of statin myopathy and identify at-risk populations., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

Background Pain related to trauma is often severe and undergoes undertreated in many patients. Peripheral nerve blocks provide analgesia, which is site-specific and devoid of any systemic adverse effects. Regional anesthesia may also confer several other advantages including decreased length of stay in the emergency department and improved comfort and safety for emergency procedures compared to conventional analgesia. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the application of nerve blocks in upper and lower extremity trauma patients presenting to the Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital. Methodology We conducted a prospective observational study in the Department of Emergency Medicine (EM) at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune between 2023 and 2024. As a part of this research proposal, we intended to study the application of nerve blocks in upper and lower extremity trauma among patients presenting with upper and lower extremity trauma to the ED during the study period. After institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed written consent, 95 patients aged above 18 years presenting with upper and lower extremity trauma within 12 hours were selected. Patients under 18 years old, those with a history of coagulopathies, patients with open fractures, and pregnant patients were excluded from the study. Results The study comprised 95 participants, with diverse age groups represented. Among them, 26% were under 25 years old, 54% fell between the ages of 26 and 30, and 20% were over 30 years old. Gender distribution showed 64.2% male and 35.8% female participants. In terms of injury nature, the majority experienced injuries from motor vehicle crashes (31.5%) and domestic incidents (22.1%), followed by workplace injuries (15.8%), sports injuries (14.7%), falls from heights (7.4%), and assault (7.4%). The time required for interventions varied, with 41.1% of cases completed in five minutes or less, while in 58.9% of instances, more than five minutes were necessary. Similarly, the time taken for pain relief post-intervention was reported, with 66.3% experiencing relief within five minutes and 33.7% requiring more than five minutes. On initial presentation, the mean VAS score was 8.8 with an SD of 1.1, indicating high levels of pain. Following the block, there was a significant reduction in pain, with the mean VAS score dropping to 1.9 and an SD of 1.2. This change was statistically significant with a p-value of less than 0.001, indicating a substantial improvement in pain levels post-block administration. Regarding the duration of pain relief, a similar pattern emerged, with 77.8% reporting relief lasting three hours or less, and 22.2% experiencing relief for more than three hours. Conclusion In emergency situations, our research showed that peripheral nerve blocks are a very useful tool for treating pain from trauma to the upper and lower extremities. These blocks significantly reduce pain and have a long-lasting effect. Further research with larger, multi-center trials is needed to validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Subcommittee of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre issued approval IESC/PGS/2022/178. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition with varied clinical presentations. Local complications include peripancreatic fluid collection, acute necrotic collection, walled-off necrosis, and pancreatic pseudocyst, but vascular complications like pseudoaneurysm and venous thrombosis are also reported. Patients often experience splanchnic venous thrombosis, which can affect the splenic vein, portal vein, and superior mesenteric vein individually or in combination. Rarely, extra-splanchnic venous thrombosis, including renal vein, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava thrombosis, has been reported in cases of chronic pancreatitis. The formation of a venous thrombus in acute pancreatitis is multifaceted, with pancreatic inflammation and the immune response mounted by the patient playing a significant role. There is a dearth of medical literature regarding extra-splanchnic venous thrombosis and the use of therapeutic anticoagulation in the successful treatment of the above-mentioned complication. This case report highlights the rare complications that can be seen in cases of acute pancreatitis., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

This case report details the diagnostic challenges and management of a middle-aged man who presented with complaints of fever and breathlessness. He was initially suspected of lower respiratory tract infection and diabetic ketoacidosis on clinical examination and treated with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and insulin infusion. The point of care ultrasound (POCUS), as part of the primary survey, showed right atrium (RA)-right ventricle (RV) dilation and a D-shaped left ventricle, which was highly suspicious of pulmonary embolism and was later confirmed with computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). The patient was successfully managed for pulmonary embolism, diabetic ketoacidosis, and lower respiratory tract infection., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)