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To?? attempts to revive sago processed food in South Sulawesi should be connected in supporting food diversification based on local resource. This research is intended to select the best traditional sago processed food in South Sulawesi among (1)Kapurung, (2) roasted sago (Dange) (3) sago noodle, (4) various of snacks (Bagea and Ongol-ongol), (5) sago pearls, (6) and dried sago starch, by using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP).Marketability, business feasibility, technical support, value added & sustainability and risk & uncertainty are used as the criteria to determine the best traditional foods. The results show that dried sago starch has the highest importance then followed by sago noodle, sago pearls, sago snack, Kapurung and sago roasted with global priority vector are 0.313, 0.255,0.159, 0.120, 0.106 and 0.048 respectively. Therefore, the development of sago starch quality should be improved by related stakeholders in the near future. Indeed, the better quality of sago starch will give added value to the quality of other traditional sago processed foods in South Sulawesi.

Biji kemiri umumnya digunakan sebagai bumbu dapur, diekstrak minyaknya. Bila kemiri ingin dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan bahan tambahan pada pangan sebagai bahan substitusi misalnya untuk kacang-kacangan maka perlu di gali lebih jauh proses pengolahannya yang akuntabel karena biji kemiri mengandung racun toxalbumin yang dapat menghambat sintesis protein pada tubuh serta menyebabkan mual dan diare. Penghilangan racun toxalbumin pada kemiri dilakukan dengan enam cara berbeda yaitu pemanasan basah dan pemanasan kering. Pemanasan kering dilakuakn menggunakan oven pada suhu 800C selama 6 jam, suhu 1000C selama 4 dan 6 jam, serta autoklaf selama 15 menit pada suhu 1210C dilanjutkan dengan pengeringan pada suhu 600C selama 6 jam dan pengeringan pada suhu 800C selama 6 jam. Uji hemaglutinasi terhada toxalbumin kemiri diindikasikan negatif pada kemiriyang diberi perlakuan autoclaf 121oC dan pengeringan pengeringan pada suhu 600C dan 800C masing-masing selama 6 jam tetapi diindikasikan positif pada kemiri yang mendapatkan pemanasan kering di dalam oven demikian pula kontrol. Uji sensori kemiri yang diindikasikan negatif toxalbumin menunjukkan berada pada skala agak suka dan suka terhadap warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur biji kemiri demikian pula pada biji kemiri diisi kedalam adonan cokelat. Demikian pula kadar air, kadar lemak dan total karbohidrat kemiri dengan berbagai perlakuan pemanasan memperlihatkan sangat dan berbeda nyata dengan kemiri control, sementara itu kadar protein, bilangan peroksida, asam lemak bebas, dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata dengan kemiri kontrol.

The aim of the present study is to propose an improved method for measuring the resistance to gas diffusion and to present the effect of temperature and fruit size on resistance and the conversion to resistances for O2 and CO2 gases by using citrus Iyo fruits (Citrus iyo hort. Ex Tanaka). In developing the method, we modified an existing method of ethane efflux proposed by CAMERON and YANG. The results showed that our proposed method is suitable for measuring resistance and can shorten the time required to measure resistance. Resistance values of ethane depend on temperature and fruit size in which the higher the temperature the lower resistance values, i.e., 5.03??105 s/m at 5??C, 4.34??105 s/m at 10??C and 3.50??105 s/m at 20??C. Also, the larger the size of fruit the larger the resistance value, i.e., size M had 3.21??105 s/m, size L had 4.56??105 s/m and size 3L had 6.96??105 s/m at 5??C. The equations to predict the resistance value for O2 and CO2 by using the measured values determined with the ethane efflux method were proposed.

Japan is a major citrus fruit-producing country, and Ehime Prefecture is one of the main citrus fruit producing regions in Japan. As many as 20 major citrus varieties are cultivated in Ehime. To further develop postharvest technology for quality preservation such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, creating an optimum gas concentration around fruit and vegetables have to be precisely achieved. However, the external atmosphere of fresh products in MAP and CA storage differs from the internal atmosphere. Therefore, we can expect to improve MAP and CA storage techniques by establishing a prediction and control method for internal atmosphere. Because the gas exchange rate and resistance to gas diffusion in plant organs determine the internal gas concentration, knowledge of resistance to gas diffusion is essential in predicting the internal gas concentration when the storage gas condition is known. (Chapter 1) The objective of this study is to determine intercellular space volume (Vin) by pycnometric method and to develop a simple prediction method for Vin. The pycnometric method is time consuming because ground samples are required. Accordingly, the prediction method can be simply applied to Vin determination of citrus fruits. In determining Vin, physical measurements of eight species of citrus fruits of different sizes were conducted to obtain their mass (m), vertical and horizontal diameters (vd, hd), total volume (Vt), and real density (P??t). The results showed that each species produced various Vin, which its availability depends on fruit size; in other words, the larger the size of the fruit, the larger the Vin. However, the levels of porosity (??) in each species were not fully proportional to the fruit size. The model used in developing the simple prediction method for Vin,V_in=V_t-m/(1.0647), where Vin and Vt are in cm3 and m is in g, exhibited a high of determination coefficient (R2=0.999), modelling efficiency (EF=0.999), index of agreement (d=0.999) and paired t-test coefficient(0.365). It was concluded that the model is applicable for predicting Vin of citrus fruits. (Chapter 2) The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various sizes of citrus fruit on the resistance to gas diffusion. To measure the resistance (R) to gas diffusion in citrus fruit the study employed ethane efflux method, in which the evolution phenomenon of ethane was measured by applying Fick???s Law. The results show that resistance of ethane (C2H6) gas is dependent on citrus size. Specifically, the larger the size of fruit, the greater the resistance value, i.e. M size had R=4.33x105 s/m, L size had R=4.99 x105 s/m and 3L size had R=6.84 x105 s/m. This finding indicates that the fruit sizes can be considered as an important factor in designing control atmosphere (CA) storage condition for citrus. (Chapter 3) The aim of the third study is to propose an improved method for measuring the resistance of citrus Iyo fruits (Citrus iyo hort. Ex Tanaka) to gas diffusion and to calculate the effect of temperature and fruit size on resistance, the conversion to resistances for O2 and CO2 gases and the average value and variation in resistance. In developing the method, we modified an existing method of ethane efflux proposed by CAMERON and YANG. The results showed that our proposed method is suitable for measuring resistance and can shorten the time required to measure resistance. Resistance values of ethane depend on citrus size and temperature in which the larger the size of fruit the larger the resistance value, i.e., M size had 3.21??105 s/m, L size had 4.56??105 s/m and 3L size had 6.96??105 s/m. Also, the higher the temperature the lower the resistance value, i.e., 5.03??105 s/m at 5??C, 4.34??105 s/m at 10??C and 3.50??105 s/m at 20??C. The average values and variation in resistance for ethane and its conversion for O2 and CO2 were 3.19??105 (standard deviation, 7.48??104), 3.29??105 (standard deviation, 7.73??104) and 3.86??105 (standard deviation, 9.06??104) s/m, respectively, for size L at 20??C.

Peramalan (forecasting) permintaan akan produk dan jasa diwaktu mendatang dan bagian-bagiannya adalah sangat penting dalam perencanaan dan pengawasan produksi. Peramalan yang baik adalah esensial untuk efisiensi operasi-operasi manufacturing dan produksi jasa. Manajemen produksi/operasi menggunakan hasil-hasil peramalan dalam pembuatan keputusan-keputusan yang menyangkut pemilihan proses, perencanaan kapasitas dan layout fasilitas serta untuk berbagi keputusan yang bersifat terus menerus berkenaan dengan perencanaan, scheduling dan persediaan.

The aim of the present study is to determine the intercellular space volume (Vin) of citrus fruits and to develop a simple prediction method for Vin. In determining Vin, the mass (m), vertical and horizontal diameters (vd, hd), total volume (Vt), and real density (P??t) of eight species of citrus fruits of different sizes were measured. The results showed that each species had various Vin, which depended on fruit size; in other words, the larger the size of the fruit, the larger the Vin. However, the levels of porosity (??) in each species were not fully proportional to fruit size. The model used to develop the simple prediction method for Vin (V_in=V_t-m/1.0647 , where Vin and Vt are in cubic centimeters and m is in grams), exhibited a high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.999), modeling efficiency (EF = 0.999), index of agreement (d = 0.999), and paired t-test value (0.365). It was concluded that the model is suitable for predicting Vin of citrus fruits.

The quality of fresh citrus fruits is greatly affected by internal concentrations of CO2 and O2, which are influenced by the intercellular space volume (Vin). This indicates that Vin is an important factor to be known. Unfortunately, measuring of Vin is time consuming. Therefore, an aim of present study is to develop appropriate models to predict intercellular space volume Vin of citrus fruits based on physical measurements such as mass (m), volume 1 as Archimedes principle (Vt), volume 2 as sphere (Vs), vertical dimension diameter (vd), horizontal dimension diameter 1 (hd1), horizontal dimension diameter 2 (hd2) and real density (Pt). Sample was physically measured to obtain its mass, diameters, volumes, and real density. The values of physical measurements were used to predict V_in by using four prediction models. Multiple regression was engaged to develop each category model. The model in equation (Vin = 0.234 ??? 0.932m + 0.993Vt) had the highest score in determination coefficient (R2=0.998) and the lowest in root mean squared error (RMSE=1.533), which implied the best equation to predict Vin.

South Sulawesi Province has already declared as one of the centre for seaweed production in Indonesia. They supply and sell dried seaweed, especially Euchema spp. and Gracilaria spp with some product specifications. Product area center in South Sulawesi and Center Sulawesi, where 70 % of product from Palopo and around (Kabupaten Luwu, North Luwu, East Luwu), 30 % from Regency of Takalar, Bone, Sinjai, Bantaeng dan Center Sulawesi. Farmer in Kabupaten Takalar do culture and post-harvest processing (drying and packing) and trade. Product quality control cooperates with Local government (Fisheries and Trade Agencies). Business development of them gets support from SeaNet and Industrial Agency. It also member of Gerbang Emas Program (Community Economic Development Action) of South Sulawesi for seaweed commodity.

Sumber daya perikanan laut diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu: (i) pelagis besar (cakalang, tuna, bill fish, hiu dan tuna kecil); (ii) pelagis kecil (layang, mackerels, sardine, trevallie, engraulid ikan teri); (iii) demersal dan terumbu ikan karang (ikan kerapu, snappers, beronang, dan lain-lain. Sebagian besar sumber daya laut di Sulawesi Selatan terutama di Pulau Spermondae telah dieksploitasi. Di Indonesia, secara biologis, pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan adalah melalui kuota ikan yang didasarkan pada total penangkapan yang diijinkan (TAC), yang ditentukan berdasarkan 80% dari perkiraan potensi hasil, yaitu 6,4 juta ton / tahun, dan dioperasikan di sembilan daerah perikanan tangkap.

Shrimp farming has been practised intensive in South Sulawesi since 1950???s . Shrimps were traditionally cultivated in in ponds (tambak) combined with fishes, without significantly altering the mangrove forest. Due to recent increase in market demand, the method has been changed into intensive and semi-intensive, with much less respect to local ecosystems and people. The introduction of modern technology started in 1971, when the Indonesian government built the first hatchery in South Sulawesi. With the support of the FAO and UNEP, the government set up The Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BPPP) in Jepara (Central Java) in 1974. By 1989, more than one hundred hatchery units had been established in the country.