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In this paper, an iron-based alumina composite was synthesized by modifying activated alumina with ferric chloride. The adsorption performance of iron-based alumina composite modified with 15% ferric chloride solution reached a certain peak. At lower initial fluoride concentration, the amount of fluoride treated by this composite is much more than that of water samples with higher initial fluoride concentration. To some degree, the slower flow rate of fluoride solution, the better adsorption performance of adsorbent. The iron-based alumina composite expressed a better performance of fluoride adsorption at pH=6.5. The adsorbent treated with aluminum potassium sulfate had the best adsorption performance.