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In the article, the author discusses how public libraries can promote a vibrant local music community by citing their efforts at the New Orleans Public Library to support artists through their Crescent City Sounds streaming service. Also cited are how libraries can provide more credibility and recognition of artists to the listening public and the comment of Justin Powers of Marina Orchestra on the role of libraries in promoting the music industry.

BACKGROUND: Digital technology is a social determinant of health that affects older peoples ability to engage in health maintenance and disease prevention activities; connect with family and friends; and, more generally, age in place. Unfortunately, disparities in technology adoption and use exist among older adults compared with other age groups and are even greater among low-income older adults. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we described the development and implementation of a digital literacy training program designed with the dual goals of training low-income older adults in the community and teaching students about aging using a community-engaged learning (CEL) approach. METHODS: The training program was embedded within a 10-week CEL course that paired undergraduates (N=27) with low-income older adults (n=18) for 8 weeks of digital literacy training. Older adults and students met weekly at the local senior center for the training. Students also met in the classroom weekly to learn about aging and how to use design thinking to train their older adult trainees. Both older adults and students completed pre- and posttraining surveys. RESULTS: Older adults demonstrated increased digital literacy skills and confidence in the use of digital technology. Loneliness did not change from pre to postassessment measurements; however, older adults showed improvements in their attitudes toward their own aging and expressed enthusiasm for the training program. Although students fear of older adults did not change, their comfort in working with older adults increased. Importantly, older adults and students expressed positive feelings about the trainee-trainer relationship that they formed during the training program. CONCLUSIONS: A CEL approach that brings together students and low-income older adults in the community has a strong potential to reduce the digital divide experienced by underserved older adults. Additional work is needed to explore the efficacy and scalability of this approach in terms of older adults digital literacy as well as other potential benefits to both older and younger adults.

Background and purpose Methods Results Conclusions The rapidly evolving landscape of effective treatment options in multiple sclerosis has led to a shift of treatment objectives towards a treat‐to‐target approach aiming to suppress disease activity below the level of detectability early during the disease. To enable treat‐to‐target, a thorough reappraisal of available outcome measures with respect to their ability in this regard is required.To that end, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review of more than 1000 studies using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) 2020 methodology focusing on underlying evidence as well as utility and implementability in clinical practice.From there, we propose a set of measurable outcomes for everyday routine clinical practice as well as advanced/aspirational measurables requiring additional resources. We also outline remaining knowledge/technology gaps that need to be overcome to enable a treat‐to‐target approach.This work provides the basis for an evidence‐based definition of outcome targets for relevant stakeholders and regulatory authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital divide, particularly within the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI) sport podcasts, presents significant behavioral and psychosocial challenges for student engagement. This study examines the disparities in access to and proficiency with Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) across different demographic groups, focusing on gender, age, and religious level. The advent of the commercial web has heightened the significance of these divides, as the first-level digital divide concerns access to the internet, while the second-level digital divide pertains to the ability to use technology proficiently. The existing literature has consistently highlighted persistent inequalities in these areas, which significantly impact the extent to which students from various backgrounds can engage with AI sport podcasts effectively. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to bridge the gap and ensure equitable access to digital learning resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health covers a wide spectrum of applications of digital technologies in the healthcare field. As a new set of tools to support the health system in achieving its goals—improving access to care, quality of care, and system efficiency—digital health has significantly transformed the landscape of modern medicine and health care. This paper examines the role of digital health under Taiwan National Health Insurance, considering the profound impacts of digital health during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses specifically on big data management and analytics (MediCloud and My Health Bank/NHI Mobile Easy Access) and innovative service provision models (telemedicine). We discuss two imminent challenges that any health system is likely to encounter: digital trust and digital divide. For the digital divide, we assessed the use of telemedicine and its determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study shows that high-income levels and the presence of chronic or severe illness were positively correlated with the use of telemedicine. This observation suggests that poor people who have poorer health status were most likely to suffer from unmet needs for telemedicine. Enhancing cybersecurity to safeguard confidentiality, and effective communications with the public are fundamental and essential steps to regaining public trust in the digital era. When calling for more investment in digital technology, policy makers should be mindful of the potential digital divide across the demographic and socioeconomic strata, and specific policies should be devised to provide support to target the socially disadvantaged group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adoption of standalone eHealth tools is low among persons in lower socioeconomic groups. The preventive integrated eHealth approach combines blended care with an active and personal approach to facilitate access to local care, tailored to the needs of the participant. We describe the four step preventive integrated eHealth approach for individuals with a low socioeconomic position and the realist evaluation protocol of the intervention and implementation. The realist evaluation centers around the question, 'what works for whom in what circumstances and why'. Methods: The study population will consist of adult individuals with a low socioeconomic position, who participate in the preventive integrated eHealth approach in one of the participating locations in the Netherlands. The four-step intervention consists of: (1) a proactive invitation of participants by care professionals, (2) the use of an eHealth tool that produces a personalized health report, (3) a personal consultation with a care professional to discuss the personalized health report and set a goal to work on, and (4) active referral to local social and health care. An initial program theory theorized from literature and stakeholder involvement is presented. Qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis with participants (survey at zero, three and twelve months and focus groups at six months) and professionals (interviews at three months) will inform the realist evaluation and serves to test and refine the initial program theory. Discussion: Our mixed-methods realist evaluation on the effect and implementation of a personal and active blended care approach will elucidate what elements trigger the mechanisms and responses of how individuals with a low socioeconomic position experience the preventive integrated eHealth approach. This will inform the way a preventative health check incorporating eHealth can be used to its full potential for low socioeconomic positioned groups to help close the digital divide and contribute to reduce health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study uses different statistical techniques to understand the relationship between variables explaining the digital divide and classification based on The Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map for 2023. To achieve this purpose variables focusing on Digital Penetration (the percentage of internet and social media users and mobile cellular connections), Operating Systems share (iOS and Android), Device Traffic (laptop/mobile phone-based web traffic) as well as Mobile Commerce variables (bills and payments using mobile internet) were included in the analysis. To minimize any effects arithmetic means of data was calculated.: The results from one-way ANOVA tests indicate significant differences among groups classified by cultural values for almost all measured variables of digitalization. The mean squares and F-values across variables like cellular mobile connections, internet users, and active social media users are significant indicating a shift towards more secular and self-expressive cultural values. The results of the GLM procedure show that significant portions of the total variance in digitalization variables are associated with membership in groups based on the cultural map. This suggests that cultural classifications can explain substantial differences in digital behavior and preferences across populations. Spearman's correlation coefficients showed strong positive correlations between Traditional/Secular values and several digitalization metrics, such as the use of mobile phones or the internet for payments, and negative correlations with others like share of web traffic by device type (mobile vs. laptop/computer). These correlations suggest that cultural values play a substantial role in influencing digital habits and accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is evidence of different use by different groups of people for general health-related applications. Yet, these findings are lacking for digitalized healthcare services. It is also unclear whether typical use patterns can be found and how user types can be characterized. Methods: The analyses are based on data from 1 821 respondents to the Health Related Beliefs and Health Care Experiences in Germany panel (HeReCa). Digitalized healthcare services, that were used to determine the user types, include for example sick notes before/after examination and disease related training. User types were determined by latent class analysis. Individual groups were characterized using multinomial logistic regressions, taking into account socioeconomic and demographic factors as well as individual attitudes towards digitalization in the healthcare system. Results: Three types were identified: rejecting (27.9%), potential (53.8%) and active (18.3%). Active participants were less likely to be employed, less likely to be highly educated and less skeptical of digital technologies. Potential users were the youngest, most highly-educated and most frequently employed group, with less skepticism than those who rejected. Rejecters were the oldest group, more likely to be female and of higher socio-economic status. Conclusions: Socio-demographic and socio-economic differences were identified among three user types. It can therefore be assumed that not all population groups will benefit from the trend towards digitalization in healthcare. Steps should be taken to enhance access to innovations and ensure that everyone benefits from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, inspired by the macrophage's defensive behavior of releasing free radicals to kill bacteria and viruses, a marine antifouling coating with dynamic surfaces is prepared by precise regulation of dynamic covalent bonds. Alkyl radical (R·) derived from oxime-urethane structure attracts and disrupts microbe cell membrane and pili between intimate cells, resulting in excellent anti-biofouling effect. Moreover, the newly exposed coating then continues to break, which ultimately results in the peeling of the layers, thus making barnacles, mussels and other fouling organisms less likely to adhere. [Display omitted] • Macrophage-inspired marine antifouling coating with dynamic surfaces is prepared. • Alkyl radical (R·) derived from oxime-urethane structure offers excellent anti-fouling performance. • The newly exposed coating continues to break making it less likely that fouling organisms will adhere to it. • This study presents a novel methodology for fulfilling the technological gap of marine coatings with dynamic surface. Macrophages can kill bacteria and viruses by releasing free radicals, which provides a possible approach to construct antifouling coatings with dynamic surfaces that release free radicals if the breaking of dynamic covalent bonds is precisely regulated. Herein, inspired by the defensive behavior of macrophages of releasing free radicals to kill bacteria and viruses, a marine antifouling coating composed of polyurethane incorporating dimethylglyoxime (PU x -DMG) is prepared by precise regulation of dynamic oxime-urethane covalent bonds. The obtained alkyl radical (R·) derived from the cleavage of the oxime-urethane bonds manages to effectively suppress the attachment of marine biofouling. Moreover, the intrinsic dynamic surface makes it difficult for biofouling to adhere and ultimately achieves sustainable antifouling property. Notably, the PU 50 -DMG coating not only presents efficient antibacterial and antialgae properties, but also prevents macroorganisms from settling in the sea for up to 4 months. This provides a pioneer broad-spectrum strategy to explore the marine antifouling coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The silent threat from the release of antimicrobial resistant genes into the environment from hospital and municipal sources, which is going unnoticed, and the existing techniques for remediation of ARG polluted waters have been highlighted. Additionally, prospective nano-based applications have been suggested. Antibiotic resistance is a major crisis that the modern world is confronting. This review highlights the abundance of different types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in two major reservoirs in the environment, namely hospital and municipal wastewater, which is an unforeseen threat to human lives across the globe. The review helps understand the current state of affairs and the whereabouts on the dissemination of ARGs in both these environments. The various traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as chlorination and UV treatment, and modern methods, such as electrochemical oxidation, are discussed, and the gaps in these technologies are highlighted. The need for the development of newer techniques for wastewater treatment with enhanced efficiency is urgently underscored. Nanomaterial applications for ARG removal were observed to be less explored. This has been discussed, and prospective nanomaterials and nanocomposites for these applications are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of internet usage frequency and behavior on social status discordance using CSS2021 data, and adopts a causal random forest model to test the heterogeneity of the impact of internet usage on social status discordance. The results reveal a clear inconsistency between objective and subjective social status among Chinese residents. In addition, increasing internet usage frequency can make actors more inclined to underestimate their social status. Moreover, capital enhancement through the internet significantly reduces the likelihood of status inflation. Finally, individuals with higher social status are less likely to have an upward bias in status cognition than those with lower social status when they use the internet frequently and use it for capital enhancement. These findings advance our understanding of social status identification among Chinese residents and provide different perspectives for studying social stratification in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive approach is essential in India's ongoing battle against air pollution, combining technological advancements, regulatory reinforcement, and widespread societal engagement. Bridging technological gaps involves deploying sophisticated pollution control technologies and addressing the rural–urban disparity through innovative solutions. The review found that integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) in air quality forecasting demonstrates promising results with a remarkable model efficiency. In this study, initially, we compute the PM2.5 concentration over India using a surface mass concentration of 5 key aerosols such as black carbon (BC), dust (DU), organic carbon (OC), sea salt (SS) and sulphates (SU), respectively. The study identifies several regions highly vulnerable to PM2.5 pollution due to specific sources. The Indo-Gangetic Plains are notably impacted by high concentrations of BC, OC, and SU resulting from anthropogenic activities. Western India experiences higher DU concentrations due to its proximity to the Sahara Desert. Additionally, certain areas in northeast India show significant contributions of OC from biogenic activities. Moreover, an AI&ML model based on convolutional autoencoder architecture underwent rigorous training, testing, and validation to forecast PM2.5 concentrations across India. The results reveal its exceptional precision in PM2.5 prediction, as demonstrated by model evaluation metrics, including a Structural Similarity Index exceeding 0.60, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio ranging from 28–30 dB and Mean Square Error below 10 μg/m3. However, regulatory challenges persist, necessitating robust frameworks and consistent enforcement mechanisms, as evidenced by the complexities in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Implementing tailored regional pollution control strategies, integrating AI&ML technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting sustainable practices, and encouraging international collaboration are essential policy measures to mitigate air pollution in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving field of plasmonic metasurfaces, achieving homogeneous, reliable, and reproducible fabrication of sub-5 nm dielectric nanogaps is a significant challenge. This article presents an advanced fabrication technology that addresses this issue, capable of realizing uniform and reliable vertical nanogap metasurfaces on a whole wafer of 100 mm diameter. By leveraging fast patterning techniques, such as variable-shaped and character projection electron beam lithography (EBL), along with atomic layer deposition (ALD) for defining a few nanometer gaps with sub-nanometer precision, we have developed a flexible nanofabrication technology to achieve gaps as narrow as 2 nm in plasmonic nanoantennas. The quality of our structures is experimentally demonstrated by the observation of resonant localized and collective modes corresponding to the lattice, with Q-factors reaching up to 165. Our technological process opens up new and exciting opportunities to fabricate macroscopic devices harnessing the strong enhancement of light–matter interaction at the single nanometer scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in clinical research have identified the need to combine pupillometry with a selective stimulation of the eye's photoreceptor cell types to broaden retinal and neuroretinal health assessment opportunities. Our thorough analysis of the literature revealed the technological gaps that currently restrict and hinder the effective utilization of a method acknowledged to hold great potential. The available devices do not adequately stimulate the photoreceptor types with enough contrast and do not guarantee seamless device function integration, which would enable advanced data analysis. RetinaWISE is an advanced silencing pupillometry device that addresses these deficiencies. It combines a Maxwellian optical arrangement with advanced retinal stimulation, allowing for calibrated standard measurements to generate advanced and consistent results across multiple sites. The device holds a Class 1 CE marking under EU regulation 2017/745, thus facilitating clinical research progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yes, this is the biggest issue of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It's still true that anything over 300 pages triggers a bump in the postage to mail the issue, but the income from our electronic subscriptions can subsidize an occasional issue over this limit--like this one--without an increase to print subscription prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, mobile health services (MHS)--a growing topic in the healthcare sector--have received increasing attention. Technologies related to mobile health, or m-health, have several advantages for people, businesses, and medical professionals. Indeed, using m-health can help older people become more proactive patients and lessen the strain on health systems and financial resources. However, the potentially revolutionary impact of m-health is constrained since a large number of senior citizens oppose its adoption, which creates an age-based digital divide. Few studies have examined how public consumers of MHS adopt MHS, even though prior study on this topic is very substantial. We discover that user attitudes towards MHS are positively impacted by perceived benefits and usefulness, perceived barriers, and external cues. Perceived service availability also has a major impact on perceived benefits and usefulness, which, when combined with attitude, directly increases intention. Additionally, we discover that the MHS's utilization intent has moderating effects. The final section discusses the implications for mobile health marketing. The results indicate that perceived ease of use, vulnerability, and severity are more significant factors for middle-aged and older users to use MHS. The moderator analysis confirmed that different age groups have specific moderating effects on the adoption of mobile health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an emerging economy with a fast-growing digital sector. However, the development is not uniform across the country, with wide gaps related to regional differences and personal characteristics. This paper analyses the digital gap in Indonesia in the intersectional framework. I consider several metrics, such as the ratio of the population accessing the Internet, villages receiving mobile internet signal, and telecommunication expenditures. The study spans five years, from 2018 to 2022 (with some years missing for some of the variables). The data comes from BPS-Statistics Indonesia 2022 report "Telecommunication Statistics in Indonesia". I compute the Equality Ratios for one-dimensional and intersectional inequality as the value of the digitalisation metric for the most underprivileged group divided by the value for the most privileged group. Then, I assess the intersectional surplus as the difference between the inequality experienced by the intersectional group and the combination of one-dimensional inequalities. There is a substantial gap in internet usage and mobile internet availability in Indonesia, mostly related to urban/rural division and disparities between provinces. On the contrary, the gender gap is minimal. I also find no inequality in telecommunication expenditures. The gaps in internet usage were converging in recent years, but this was not true for the gaps in internet availability. People in intersectional groups face the combination of one-dimensional inequalities, but in most cases, there are none or minimal surplus effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) remains a significant public health concern globally despite previous efforts made to improve MCH services. Initiatives such as antenatal care, postnatal care services exclusive breastfeeding, child vaccination and supplements have been rolled out to improve MCH outcomes. However, inadequate maternal healthcare, socioeconomic factors, obstetric haemorrhaging, complications of hypertension during pregnancy, lack of maternal information, poor universal health coverage and uptake of MCH services exacerbate maternal mortality and child mortality rates, especially in resource-constrained areas in many sub-Saharan African countries including South Africa. Objective: This study aimed to review mobile health (mHealth) interventions deployed to improve maternal and child health outcomes. Methods: The study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses model to search and retrieve relevant literature from reputable, prominent electronic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, etc.). A total of 26 papers were selected and analyzed. Results: The findings revealed several mHealth interventions such as MomConnect, Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action, NurseConnect, ChildConnect, CommCare, Road to Health Application and Philani Mobile Video Intervention for Exclusive Breastfeeding have been utilized by healthcare workers and women to improve access to MCH services. However, inadequate digital infrastructure, digital divide, resistance to change, inadequate funding, language barriers, short message service and data costs, lack of digital skills and support, compatibility, scalability and interoperability issues, legislative and policy compliance, lack of mHealth awareness, data security and privacy concerns hinder uptake and utilisation of mHealth interventions. There is a need to scale up and sustain mHealth interventions and update existing regulatory framework, policies and strategies. Conclusion: mHealth interventions offer unprecedented opportunities to improve access to maternal information and substantially improve maternal and child health services. Stakeholder engagement and the development of sustainable funding strategies are important for successfully implementing and scaling mHealth projects while addressing existing and emerging key issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed 60% thick airfoil to improve the aerodynamic performance in the root region of wind turbine rotor blades, taking into account current constraints. After an extensive literature review and patent research, a design methodology (including the considerations of simple manufacturing) was set up, and extensive 2D- and 3D-CFD investigations with four codes (Xfoil, MSES, ANSYS fluent, and DLR-tau) were performed, including implementation inside a generic 10 MW test-blade (CIG10MW). Comparison with results from Blade Element Momentum (BEM) methods and the estimation of 3D effects due to the rotating blade were undertaken. One specific shape (with a pronounced flat-back) was selected and tested in the Deutsche WindGuard aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel (DWAA), in Bremerhaven, Germany. A total of 34 polars were measured, included two trailing edge shapes and aerodynamic devices such as vortex generators, gurney flaps, zig-zag tape, and a splitter plate. Considerable changes in lift and drag characteristics were observed due to the use of aerodynamic add-ons. With the studies presented here, we believe we have closed an important technological gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the sociodemographic and contextual determinants influencing Internet usage among individuals with visual impairments in Thailand, contributing to the literature on the digital disability divide. Data from the "Disability Survey 2022" conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand were used. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed on data from 5621 visually impaired respondents. The findings indicate that approximately 26.88% of individuals with visual impairments use the Internet. The logistic regression analysis highlights several critical disparities. Males exhibit lower odds of Internet use compared with females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.850, p = 0.034). Younger individuals are more likely to use the Internet; a decline in use was observed with increasing age (AOR for 60+ years = 0.052, p < 0.001). Regional disparities are evident. Individuals from the northeastern (AOR = 2.044, p < 0.001), central (AOR = 1.356, p < 0.008), and southern (AOR = 1.992, p < 0.001) regions showed higher odds of Internet use compared with those from the northern region. Higher income (AOR for 5000–9999 THB = 1.798, p = 0.001), educational attainment (AOR for bachelor's degree = 14.915, p < 0.001), and wealth index (AOR for wealthy = 5.034, p < 0.001) increase the likelihood of Internet use. Employed individuals are more likely to use the Internet (AOR = 3.159, p < 0.001) compared with unemployed individuals. Additionally, the severity of the visual impairment is crucial, with those having low vision in both eyes more likely to engage online than those who are completely blind in both eyes (AOR = 5.935, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for comprehensive digital inclusion initiatives that address various factors, including age-inclusive digital literacy programs, targeted regional infrastructure development, economic support to improve digital access, and advancements in assistive technologies. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers in Thailand and other developing countries, enhancing the understanding of the digital disability divide and informing strategies to foster greater digital equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of business and the economy is a key business problem, and its importance was further heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the increased pressure on enterprises. Hence, the digital readiness of their business will likely determine its future competitiveness in the field. Objectives: The paper addresses the issue of digital readiness for business, with the aim of examining similarities and differences in the digital readiness of European Union countries. The main focus is on identifying the changes during the first two years of the pandemic. Methods/Approach: We conducted a factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on selected indicators. The results revealed some significant differences. Results: While the countries that lead in digital readiness remained the same, there were relatively large differences in the classification of other EU countries. Some countries, such as Latvia or Slovenia, significantly improved in many aspects of digital readiness during the pandemic. On the other hand, Bulgaria and Romania are still included in the same cluster, representing an overall low digital readiness. Conclusion: Enterprises in more developed countries also have a higher level of digital readiness. Although COVID-19 had a positive impact on digital readiness in some less developed countries, the impact is only partial, indicating a need for stronger actions to bridge the digital divide at the EU level. These findings provide a hopeful outlook, suggesting that with the right actions, the digital divide in the EU can be effectively bridged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pioneering study evaluates the digital divide and advances in virtual education (VE) and e-learning research in the Global South Countries (GSCs). Using metadata from bibliographic and World Bank data on research and development (R&D), we conduct quantitative bibliometric performance analyses and evaluate the connection between R&D expenditures on VE/e-learning research advances in GSCs. The results show that 'East Asia and the Pacific' (EAP) spent significantly more on (R&D) and achieved the highest scientific literature publication (SLP), with significant impacts. Other GSCs' R&D expenditure was flat until 2020 (during COVID-19), when R&D funding increased, achieving a corresponding 42% rise in SLPs. About 67% of 'Arab States' (AS) SLPs and 60% of citation impact came from SLPs produced from global north and other GSCs regions, indicating high dependence. Also, 51% of high-impact SLPs were 'Multiple Country Publications', mainly from non-GSC institutions, indicating high collaboration impact. The EAP, AS, and 'South Asia' (SA) regions experienced lower disparity. In contrast, the less developed countries (LDCs), including 'Sub-Sahara Africa', 'Latin America and the Caribbean', and 'Europe (Eastern) and Central Asia', showed few dominant countries with high SLPs and higher digital divides. We advocate for increased educational research funding to enhance innovative R&D in GSCs, especially in LDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global population ages, understanding the digital health behaviors of older adults becomes increasingly crucial. In Thailand, where the elderly population is rapidly growing, examining how older individuals use the internet for health-related purposes can provide valuable insights for enhancing healthcare accessibility and engagement. This study investigates the use of the internet for health-related purposes among older adults in Thailand, focusing on the socio-demographic factors influencing this behavior. Utilizing cross-sectional data from the "Thailand Internet User Behavior Survey 2022", which includes responses from 4652 older adults, the study employs descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis. The results reveal that approximately 10.83% of older adults use the internet for health purposes. The analysis shows that higher income (AOR = 1.298, p = 0.030), higher level of education (degree education: AOR = 1.814, p < 0.001), skilled occupations (AOR = 2.003, p < 0.001), residence in an urban area (AOR = 3.006, p < 0.001), and greater confidence in internet use (very confident: AOR = 3.153, p < 0.001) are significantly associated with a greater likelihood of using the internet for health purposes. Gender and age did not show significant differences in health-related internet use, indicating a relatively gender-neutral and age-consistent landscape. Significant regional differences were observed, with the northeastern region showing a markedly higher propensity (AOR = 2.249, p < 0.001) for health-related internet use compared to the northern region. Meanwhile, the eastern region (AOR = 0.489, p = 0.018) showed lower odds. These findings underscore the need for targeted healthcare policies to enhance digital health engagement among older adults in Thailand, emphasizing the importance of improving digital literacy, expanding infrastructure, and addressing region-specific health initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that students who identify as low-income, first-generation, and/or racially diverse disproportionately underperform in college and earn fewer degrees than other students. This study explores the integration of adaptive learning courseware assignments as a tool to help close these outcome gaps and to ensure more equitable learning across diverse student groups. Adaptive learning courseware is an educational technology that requires students to master the same learning objectives but, for each student, the courseware determines the order and timing of content based on how that student interacts with the courseware, thus enabling an individualized learning path for each student. Adaptive learning assignments were implemented in five sections of a highly-enrolled Principles of Microeconomics course at a medium-sized state university in the United States. This study draws from student data ( n = 581 ), which includes adaptive learning assignment completion data, detailed exam and final grade data, and institutional demographic data. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses are used to explore if the completion of adaptive learning assignments disproportionately benefited low-income, first-generation, or racially diverse students, thus helping close the gap between students from different backgrounds. Findings include significant evidence that adaptive learning assignment completion was correlated with more exam questions answered correctly by all students, with this correlation being disproportionately stronger for students who identify as being from a minority background and for foundational (easy) exam questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As numerous nations transition into digital and aging societies, the digital divide has emerged as a significant impediment to older adults' autonomous engagement in the digital society. Enhancing the well-being of elderly individuals through remote medical technology represents a prevailing and prospective trend. Nevertheless, remote medical technology extends beyond the realm of healthcare, offering promise for narrowing the digital divide through the deployment of digital devices and provision of intergenerational support. Therefore, this study investigates the role of trust and expectations in the use of telemedicine, indicating potential pathways for how these products can improve older adults' daily living abilities. Through the construction of a theoretical model, we collected the relevant data of 661 elderly people who use telemedicine technology in China and analyzed the data with SmartPLS4 to obtain the research results. The study discovered that, among older people using telemedicine technology, (1) healthcare expectations promote the breadth of telemedicine product use; (2) trust in product safety increases the depth of telemedicine product use; (3) trust in the service provider promotes the breadth of telemedicine product use; and (4) when compared to the depth of product use, the breadth of telemedicine product use increases older adults' sense of control over their digital lives. The findings provide new empirical data to support growing beliefs about how expectations and trust can increase a sense of control over one's life. They also provide practical contributions on how to boost older adults' usage of telemedicine products, promote their digital literacy and competency, and enhance their sense of control over their digital lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper explores flexible working practices (FWPs) and takes a critical view that argues a need to consider not only access to digital technological resources but also the vast array of factors that constrain one’s ability to use technology for its intended benefits, as constituting the digital divide post-COVID-19 lockdown. Design/methodology/approach – Using a critical evaluation of the extant literature, we engage in a conceptual undertaking to develop theoretical propositions that form the basis for future empirical undertakings. To theoretically ground the arguments raised, we deploy the ontological lens of actor-network theory to illuminate the socio-technical dimensions of the digital divide in light of FWPs. Findings – Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to adopt socially distanced work practices has become a reality for many organisations. We find that the adoption of FWPs, enabled by digital technologies, simultaneously signals hidden inequalities. We also develop a conceptual framework which depicts user responses in different technology environments that can either be limiting or enabling for individuals’ work productivity. Originality/value – With regards to the digital divide, attention has often focused on access to digital technologies, as the term “digital divide” portrays. The implication is that the array of factors and resources that individuals are heterogeneously networked to, which also constitute the digital divide, is often taken for granted. We take a different ontological view that brings to the fore other factors at play within an individual’s network of relations. 研究目的 – 本文擬探索彈性工作安排,並以批判性的觀點、去論證當我們探討2019冠狀病毒病封鎖解除後的數字鴻溝究竟是由什麼組成時,我們必須考慮數字技術資源的使用權限,以及關注各個有關的因素,因這些因素限制了我們從應用技術獲得預期效益的能力。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 我們對現存文獻作批判性的評價,藉此參與一項概念性的工作,以便能建立可以成為將來實證性工作基礎的理論命題;為使提出的論點能得到理論上的依據,我們使用行動者網絡理論的本體論鏡頭,去闡明鑒於彈性工作安排的數字鴻溝的各個社會技術維度。 研究結果 – 由於2019冠狀病毒病大爆發的關係,許多機構和組織都因實際情況而需採用保持社交距離的工作安排。我們發現、當我們採用有賴數字技術的發展而成行的彈性工作安排時,我們同時也會使不為人知的不平等狀況浮現出來;我們也注意到、不同的技術環境會限制個人的工作生產力,又或相反地助其建立工作生產力;就此,我們建立了一個可以描繪就這些不同的技術環境、用戶會如何回應的概念框架。 研究的原創性/價值 – 就數字鴻溝而言,人們的關注總放在數字技術使用權限的差異上,就如數字鴻溝這個術語所塑造的形象一樣。這種關注可能帶來的影響是即使有不同的因素和資源、即使個人會以各種形式與不同的因素和資源聯繫起來,而這些因素和資源構成了數字鴻溝,人們卻把這些因素和資源視為理所當然。我們採用不同的本體論觀點,希望藉此使個人關係網絡內起著作用的其它因素能突顯出來、免被忽視。

Online shopping has grown exponentially in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in recent years. This growth has significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data shows that there are inter-regional disparities in the use of online shopping. This includes intergenerational and rural-urban disparities. This study investigates the factors responsible for inter-regional differences in the development of online shopping in Russia. The author has identified 5 main factors that can influence the development: internet infrastructure (measured by regional expenses for the introduction of digital technologies and the number of connected mobile subscribers), economic wealth (measured by gross regional product), standard of living (measured by the population income), rate of poverty, and the region’s population. The research uses data of the Federal State Statistics Service and Association of Internet Trade Companies to analyse 85 regions in the RF. A multi-level regression analysis has enabled examination of the 5 factors and the contextual influence of 8 federal districts of Russia in level 2. The results show that internet infrastructure, economic wealth, population size, and the 8 federal districts has influenced the development of online shopping in the RF, but standard of living is not statistically significant. The author recommends that policymakers pay attention to these underlying factors.

South African Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a digital revolution, facing challenges from social, historical, and cultural diversity and low schooling backgrounds. Incorporating digital technology into teaching and learning has become essential, yet a notable digital divide persists. Students with Information Communication Technology (ICT) skills perform better in higher education compared to those from resource-restrained or marginalized communities, such as Pinetown, Durban, South Africa. This research aims to equip learners and teachers in South Africa to adapt to the rapid pace of technological change while examining the pedagogical approaches of matric teachers in digitally preparing matric learners for HEIs. A quantitative research approach was utilized to collect primary data from a sample of 363 teachers across 25 high schools in Pinetown, selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) methodology, ensuring an appropriate representation for the population of 1,300. A high response rate was achieved, facilitated by a pilot phase that clarified the research subject for participants. In addition to primary data, relevant secondary literature was also utilized. The findings revealed that a majority of teachers prefer problem-based and project-based pedagogical approaches and acknowledge the benefits of an online learning environment. These results indicate that most teachers are capable of digitally preparing matric students for higher education. Therefore, problem-based and project-based teaching and learning approaches should be emphasized in the field of digital technology. It is also recommended that teachers and lecturers in HEIs utilize online platforms to enhance the curriculum.

Information and communication technologies affect the library performance as a public good, intended to efficient and complete response to the social agenda of various socio-demographic population groups. The digital gap has an impact on a library within the framework of creation conditions for the social well-being of the population. The role of public libraries is increasing in reducing the digital gap, strengthening the material and technical base, technological infrastructure, identifying digitally disadvantaged groups of population that tend to use library computers and broadband Internet more frequently than those who are more advantaged. Attention is paid to digital inclusion which is considered to be the instrument for solving personal, social and professional needs of representatives of various population groups. The effectiveness of digital inclusion largely depends on the professional competencies of library professionals, on their ability to develop programs for library users to help them assess the digital readiness to enter the digital world. The network approach to training library professionals in digital literacy is characterized as the most flexible form that facilitates translation of positive experience to large groups of library specialists. The importance of partnership in promotion the necessity of digital literacy between public libraries with government authorities, universities, research centers and charitable foundations is stressed.

Abstract Background There is evidence of different use by different groups of people for general health-related applications. Yet, these findings are lacking for digitalized healthcare services. It is also unclear whether typical use patterns can be found and how user types can be characterized. Methods The analyses are based on data from 1 821 respondents to the Health Related Beliefs and Health Care Experiences in Germany panel (HeReCa). Digitalized healthcare services, that were used to determine the user types, include for example sick notes before/after examination and disease related training. User types were determined by latent class analysis. Individual groups were characterized using multinomial logistic regressions, taking into account socioeconomic and demographic factors as well as individual attitudes towards digitalization in the healthcare system. Results Three types were identified: rejecting (27.9%), potential (53.8%) and active (18.3%). Active participants were less likely to be employed, less likely to be highly educated and less skeptical of digital technologies. Potential users were the youngest, most highly-educated and most frequently employed group, with less skepticism than those who rejected. Rejecters were the oldest group, more likely to be female and of higher socio-economic status. Conclusions Socio-demographic and socio-economic differences were identified among three user types. It can therefore be assumed that not all population groups will benefit from the trend towards digitalization in healthcare. Steps should be taken to enhance access to innovations and ensure that everyone benefits from them.

Abstract Using data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this paper explores the impact of digital inclusive finance on the entrepreneurial performance of returning rural migrants. The study first finds that digital inclusive finance can enhance the entrepreneurial performance of returning rural migrants. Second, it significantly improves entrepreneurial performance in three dimensions: the degree of digitization in inclusive finance, the depth of digital financial usage, and the breadth of digital financial coverage. Third, farmers’ digital participation, digital usage, and the extent of digital usage are crucial pathways through which digital inclusive finance influences their entrepreneurial performance. Fourth, the impact of digital inclusive finance on entrepreneurial performance varies according to different types of migration, duration of migration, scale of entrepreneurship, educational attainment, and credit access channels. The findings of this study help validate the real effects of digital inclusive finance on entrepreneurial outcomes in rural populations.

Abstract This study examines the impact of internet usage frequency and behavior on social status discordance using CSS2021 data, and adopts a causal random forest model to test the heterogeneity of the impact of internet usage on social status discordance. The results reveal a clear inconsistency between objective and subjective social status among Chinese residents. In addition, increasing internet usage frequency can make actors more inclined to underestimate their social status. Moreover, capital enhancement through the internet significantly reduces the likelihood of status inflation. Finally, individuals with higher social status are less likely to have an upward bias in status cognition than those with lower social status when they use the internet frequently and use it for capital enhancement. These findings advance our understanding of social status identification among Chinese residents and provide different perspectives for studying social stratification in the digital age.

The introduction of regulation of the rate of return in the electronic communications sector is a decisive step towards realizing our country's digital ambitions and harnessing the transformative potential of modern digital technologies. The article justifies the relevance of such a step in the context of Ukraine's commitments regarding domestic electronic harmonization of the communications market with EU requirements, particularly aimed at supporting market stability and enhancing the well-being of end consumers. Based on an examination of international approaches to regulating the rate of return norms of telecommunications companies in developed electronic communications markets, the nature of their influence on investment activity and innovative potential, as well as ensuring access to affordable and quality digital communication tools for the population, is revealed. Possible options for the rate of return regulation are outlined, proposing a hybrid approach that involves applying a combination of approaches to find the right balance between consumer protection and the development of the electronic communications sector in Ukraine. This study utilized general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis as well as induction and deduction to study existing rate-of-return regulation approaches in the electronic communications sector. The application of the method of scientific description made it possible to reveal the main features of regulatory approaches. Scientific generalization methods were also employed to systematize the obtained results and form conclusions regarding the effectiveness and suitability of various profit regulation models in the electronic communications sector for practical implementation in the context of Ukraine's development.

Introduction. Access to information, digital products and services contributes to reducing barriers in individual’s interaction with state, organizations, and other individuals, also providing opportunities for human development. The author assesses the digital inequality level of the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District. Materials and methods. Theoretically, the research is based on the concept of three levels of digital inequality, according to which inequality can be manifested at the level of access to Internet and information and communication technologies; at the level of the users’ digital skills and competencies; at the level of benefits obtained from the use of digital technologies and impacting individual life chances. The materials used are: statistical data of the Russian information society development monitoring, research on the digital literacy of the Russian population, conducted by the Analytical Center of the National Agency for Financial Research, the Russian Association of Electronic Communications, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation and the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, as well as the results of an expert survey conducted by the author in 2023 with state civil servants of the Sverdlovsk region and employees of “Electronic government operator”, the state budgetary institution of the Sverdlovsk region. Results. The article reveals the specific features of digital inequality of the entities of the Ural Federal District. The geographical features of the region paradoxically affects the digital inequality level. The more compactly located territories of the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions provide for the appropriate infrastructure with better broadband Internet access. A social consequence of low Internet access in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, in part, that not all medical organizations can be connected to the Integrated National Health Information System. In addition, there is no direct correlation between Internet access and digital skills development. On the contrary, remoteness and inaccessibility of territories act as drivers for the development of digital competencies of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yugra residents, who are more efficient in using digital technologies in e-commerce and public services. Discussions and conclusions. “Bridging the Digital Divide” federal program implementation will increase the information infrastructure availability. Conscious and focused effort is required to improve digital literacy and cyber hygiene of the population.

Many authors have recognized the unifying potential of digital technologies. McLuhan introduces the phrase "global village," while Castells writes about the emerging society as "networked." However, the experience of living in a "networked society" has questioned assumptions about the one-dimensional nature of the impact of digital technologies both on global social solidarity and solidarity at the micro level. Castells himself makes a sort of leap by considering the transformation of society from networked to segmented, heralding the end of the traditional concept of mass audience. Through mass and especially new social media, the audience as an interactive subject is open to further segmentation and differentiation. These insights indicate the necessity of reconsidering the impact of new media technologies – on the one hand, on forms of constructing social identity and social connectivity, and on the other hand, on the creation of a digital divide, supported by algorithms and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, certain categories need to be revised/redefined, primarily considering them in the context of social and political divisions that the use of social networks generates and deepens, such as the concept of the "digital divide," originally associated with the problem of unequal access to digital resources. The main aim of the paper concerns contributing to the modernization of research categories used in media and society studies, to make their theoretical and practical application more adequate and tailored to contemporary social reality. The paper will propose new formulations of key concepts, aiming to make the inherent multidimensionality of the discussed categories evident, within the context of the impact of new media and technologies. The ultimate result of the paper is contained in a sort of mapping of how the new media ecosystem supports processes of building social solidarity and creating digital alienation.

Abstract With the increasing pervasiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the fabric of economic activities, the corporate digital divide has become a crucial issue for the assessment of Information Technology (IT) competencies and the digital gap between firms and territories. With little granular data available to measure the phenomenon, most studies have used survey data. To address this empirical gap, we scanned the homepages of 182,705 Italian companies and extracted ten characteristics related to their digital footprint to develop a new index for the corporate digital assessment. Our results show a significant digital divide between Italian companies according to size, sector and geographical location, opening new perspectives for monitoring and data-driven analysis.

This study seeks to analyze, through the perceptions of teachers, the impact of the digital divide and the relationship between educational inclusion and the use of ICTs in education. In line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 of the United Nations Agenda 2030, which promotes inclusive and quality education. The methodology used was quantitative, employing an ad hoc and validated Likert-type scale, to measure the perception of teachers in three dimensions: perception towards the effects of the digital divide in teaching, perception towards the inclusive use of technologies in the classroom and inclusive education practices in the classroom. A total of 790 teachers in service at the primary level in western Honduras participated. The results indicate that there is a limited perception of the effects of the digital divide among the participating teachers. Likewise, differences were found between the way in which older teachers perceive the inclusive integration of technologies in the classroom. In addition, the participating teachers' understanding of inclusive education practices is mainly theoretical. These findings indicate the existence of an opportunity to improve awareness and practical understanding of technology integration and inclusive strategies in the educational context.

The purpose of this study is to identify the opportunities and threats of digitalization, assess the impact of digital technologies on the socio-economic development of regions and assess the level of digital inequality in Russia. The theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by academician V.L. Kvint is the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. According to the strategy methodology, the opportunities, and threats of the transition to digital technologies are determined at the level of individual regions and the country as a whole. The Theil index is used to assess the digital divide. The indicator by which inequality is assessed is the gross value added in the Information and Communications Activities sector. Let us decompose the Theil index into two components: intragroup and intergroup. Index estimates were obtained for the period 2016–2022. by constituent entities of the Russian Federation and by federa districts. It has been established that the digital divide is growing, and when considering federal districts, the intragroup component accounts for 80% of the regional variation in the indicator. A strong relationship was found between digital spending and the gross value added of the ICT industry. An OTSW analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the regional economy was carried out, the identified strategic opportunities are the basis for formulating strategic priorities, and strengths are the competitive advantages. The consistency of the regional development strategy with the strategic priorities of digitalization will make it possible to neutralize threats and take advantage of the opportunities of the digital economy for regional growth and development.

This article contains the result of a documentary research on the evolution throughout the 21st century of the state of the Knowledge Society (KS) in the MENA countries after the expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) based on observations made since 2001 in research and publications developed in the Spanish, Latin American, Maghreb and Mashreq academic spheres. The aim is to detect the changes that have occurred in the degree of implementation of KS and its link to the right to information, communication, and cyberspace, and its management in these countries. After a theoretical and conceptual tour, it is concluded that the empowerment of ICT is the key resource for strengthening civil society and its access to the KS. In a region with an inestimable demographic potential, however, large gaps remain in terms of the access of citizens in these countries to the KS. As a result, there are social and political relationships of dependency that could lead to the qualification of a new colonialism over knowledge. This study concludes that the empowerment of ICTs is the key resource for strengthening civil society and its access to the KS.

The Covid-19 virus first discovered in February 2020 has defied borders by domesticating itself in all countries around the globe. Like in all other countries, the Covid-19 pandemic even though at first a health crisis has impacted all spheres of social life in the UAE from the economy to education as well as professions and their practices. The spread of infectious diseases is also known to live behind anxiety, fear, and general psychological distress among people. Government and health agencies in the UAE have embarked on public education and engagement to curb the spread of the virus as well as mitigate some of its adverse psychological consequences including anxiety and fear. The development of the Internet and new media has provided health authorities with channels for reaching out to the public on desirable health behavior. The discourse on digital divide for instance, has, among others, questioned technologically deterministic views about the novelty of the Internet by pointing at the divides or barriers it has created in society. While the UAE is reported to be the most digitally connected country in the MENA region in terms of the spread and access to Internet and broadband facilities thus overcoming the first level of digital divide, this study uses both focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to explore Internet and social media use patterns, and extent of reproduction of the second and third levels of digital divide among communities in the country during Covid-19 pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic led to the closure of schools and higher education institutions worldwide, necessitating a shift to distance learning. This transition had significant impacts on working conditions, education, the economy, and the environment. Access to infrastructure and information and communication technologies became crucial for students to continue their academic studies. However, marginalized communities in Israel faced additional challenges due to existing social gaps. This study focuses on Bedouin students in southern Israel attending higher education institutions and examines the difficulties they encountered during the transition to distance learning. Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 257 Bedouin students during the first Covid-19 outbreak in Israel (April-July 2020). The research aimed to identify the types of digital divide experienced by Bedouin students and explore how this gap influenced their learning experiences. Results show that Bedouin students faced significant digital inequality, lacking the necessary prerequisites for distance learning, mainly due to limited access to digital devices and a stable Internet connection. These findings shed light on the specific challenges faced by the research population and emphasize the need to address these challenges to ensure equitable and inclusive education for all.