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Con riferimento al progetto HHU-AQ.VIRG.S. con responsabile la Dott.ssa Maria Elisa Amadasi (call E-RIHS di accesso a MOLAB del 02/12/2021 chiusa il 28/02/2022 e con notifica per l'accesso alla user del 06/06/2022) si riportano di seguito i risultati ottenuti dall'indagine geofisica. Le indagini sono state realizzate mediante metodologie non distruttive con apparecchiature in dotazione al Laboratorio di Geofisica Applicata ai Beni Archeologici e Monumentali della sede del CNR-ISPC di Napoli. Allo scopo di individuare strutture di interesse archeologico eventualmente presenti all'interno dell'area indagata, è stata impiegata la metodologia di indagine geofisica denominata georadar. E' stato inoltre utilizzato una stazione GPS (differenziale) per la georeferenzazione dei risultati. E' stato impiegato il georesistivimetro Syscal Pro con 10 canali attivi e 96 elettrodi e dispositivo Wenner-Schlumberger. Le indagini geofisiche sono state effettuate in data 18/04/2023, sotto il coordinamento del Dott. Vincenzo Di Fiore. Le indagini sul campo sono state realizzate dal Dott. Michele Punzo. Le elaborazioni dei dati geofisici sono a cura del Dr. Vincenzo Di Fiore e la Dott.ssa Daniela Tarallo.

Con riferimento al progetto HHU-AQ.VIRG.S. con responsabile la Dott.ssa Maria Elisa Amadasi (call E-RIHS di accesso a MOLAB del 02/12/2021 chiusa il 28/02/2022 e con notifica per l'accessa alla user del 06/06/2022) si riportano di seguito i risultati ottenuti dall'indagine geofisica. Le indagini sono state realizzate mediante metodologie non distruttive con apparecchiature in dotazione al Laboratorio di Geofisica Applicata ai Beni Archeologici e Monumentali della sede del CNR-ISPC di Napoli. Allo scopo di individuare strutture di interesse archeologico eventualmente presenti all'interno dell'area indagata, è stata impiegata la metodologia di indagine geofisica denominata georadar. E' stato inoltre utilizzato una stazione GPS (differenziale) per la georeferenzazione dei risultati. E' stato impiegato il GPR Impulsato Sir 3000 dotato di antenna da 270MHz. Le indagini geofisiche sono state effettuate in data 06/09/2022, sotto il coordinamento del Dott. Vincenzo Di Fiore. Le indagini sul campo sono state realizzate dal Dr Vincenzo Di Fiore, dalla Dott.ssa Daniela Tarallo, dal Dott. Michele Punzo. Le elaborazioni dei dati geofisici sono a cura del Dr. Giovanni Leucci.

With reference to the "Diagnostics for Conservation at Müstair Monastery" project (DIACOMM, mol_1) with Dr. Patrick Cassitti in charge (IPERION HS 2nd call for access to MOLAB of 01/02/2021 closed on 30/06/2021 and with notification for access to the user of 10/09/2021) are reported by followed the results obtained from the geophysical survey. To study the state the state of conservation of the fresco inside the monastery of San Giovanni in Mustair, geophysical surveys with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were undertaken in September 2022. The surveyed area is shown in Fig. 1. The GPR data weed using the Sir 3000 georadar system (GSSI) with the 2GHz, and 900MHz antennae along grids with parallel profiles set 0.1 m apart for the 2GHz and 0.25m apart for 900MHz. Data were acquired by the Laboratory of Geophysics of the Institute of Heritage Science (National Research Council) team. The team was composed by Dr Vincenzo Di Fiore (ISPC Napoli), Dr Ivan Ferrari (ISPC Lecce), Dr Daniela Tarallo (ISPC Napoli), and Dr Michele Punzo (ISPC Napoli). The measurements were carried out on the 13 and 14 September 2022.

To characterize the shallow subsurface of the Holy Church of Resurrection in Jerusalem, geophysical surveys with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were undertaken at the end of October 2021. The GPR data were acquired using the Sir 3000 georadar system (GSSI) with the 270MHz, and 900MHz antennae along grids with parallel profiles set 0.4 m apart for the 270MHz and 0.2m apart for 900MHz. Data were acquired by the Laboratory of Geophysics of the Institute of Heritage Science (National Research Council) team. The team was composed by Dr Vincenzo Di Fiore (ISPC Napoli), Dr Ivan Ferrari (ISPC Lecce) and Dr Michele Punzo (ISPC Napoli). The measurements were carried out on the 22, 23 and 24 October 2021

Oggi nello studio di siti adibiti a discarica ed in particolar modo per quelli divenuti tali a seguito di azioni illecite, risulta di fondamentale importanza la comprensione preliminare dell'estensione e della morfologia dell'area interessata dall'accumulo di rifiuti così come delle interrelazioni tra gli stessi ed il territorio circostante ed, in particolare, nel rilascio di percolato e biogas. I metodi di seguito proposti, pur seguendo due approcci distinti, hanno il fine comune di consentire la necessaria consapevolezza per pianificare e gestire al meglio ogni successiva azione di indagine e caratterizzazione puntuale che altrimenti si rivelerebbe sicuramente dispendiosa e non sempre efficace. Questo articolo riporta due casi studio condotti dai partecipanti del gruppo di lavoro con l'intento di mostrare il vasto campo di applicazione delle metodologie geofisiche nel rilevamento e nell'indagine delle principali caratteristiche di una discarica di rifiuti solidi. La presenza di discariche, in cui al corpo rifiuti spesso si associano biogas e percolato, determinano importanti variazioni di alcuni parametri fisico-chimici, individuabili mediante l'utilizzo di tecniche non invasive di tipo geofisico. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è l'analisi delle potenzialità e dei limiti dell'integrazione di differenti metodi geofisici (tomografia elettrica di resistività, polarizzazione indotta, metodo magnetico e georadar) per la localizzazione di rifiuti interrati di diversa natura. Nel primo caso di studio elementi chiave di novità di questo approccio per la caratterizzazione e il monitoraggio dell'area di discarica sono la combinazione e l'integrazione di diversi approcci metodologici (geofisici e non), come l'uso parallelo e combinato di dati raccolti da satellite, aereo e in situ, che sono stati convalidati attraverso indagini geofisiche (metodi geoelettrici) e che hanno rivelato l'efficacia di questa strategia. La seconda parte di questo lavoro ha avuto lo scopo di verificare l'efficienza di antenne GPR (Ground Penetration Radar) a diversa frequenza (100 MHz - 270 MHz) e indagini magnetometriche gradiometriche in terreni di natura piroclastica dove sono stati interrati oggetti di varia natura e a diverse profondità. L'attività ha permesso di conseguire importanti informazioni sulla scelta della frequenza di utilizzo delle antenne GPR e tecniche magnetometriche in terreni piroclastici e sulla risposta che tale tecnica fornisce nell'identificazione di oggetti sepolti come fusti metallici e muretti in tufo.

International audience; Study of the tectonically active L'Aquila Basin offers new insights into both the creation of the extensional intermontane basins of the central Apennines of Italy and their tectono-sedimentary evolution through time. The combination of large mammal remains, ostracods, molluscs, Mousterian tools, and 14 C dating allows better definition of the onset and stratigraphic evolution of the L'Aquila Basin. Interpretation of a seismic reflection profile and well-log data allow evaluation of the subsurface setting of this sedimentary basin and its tectono-sedimentary evolution. The occurrence of a wedge-shaped seismic unit at the base of the basin sedimentary succession defines the first phase of basin fill during a late Piacenzian–Gelasian synrift stage. Activity along the main fault of the extensional fault system responsible for the onset and subsequent development of the western sector of the L'Aquila Basin (L'Aquila– Scoppito subbasin) migrated from southwest to northeast, reaching the presently active Mount Pettino normal fault only in the late Pleistocene–Holocene. The onset of sedimentation in the L'Aquila Basin was synchronous with the onset in the Tiberino Basin, and so the idea that these extensional GSA Bulletin; Month/Month 2017; v. 129; no. intermontane basins become progressively younger from the Tyrrhenian toward the Adriatic side of the central Apennines is rejected. In the northern and central Apen-nines, only two major syndepositional ex-tensional domains can be recognized: a late Miocene rifting area, which includes all the late Miocene extensional basins in Tuscany, and a late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene rifting area, which possibly includes all the intermontane basins from the Tiberino Basin to the Sulmona Basin. The different time gaps between compressional and exten-sional deformation at any given locality in the central Apennines could indicate a partial decoupling of processes responsible for the migration of shortening and extension toward the foreland. Diachroneity between the eastward migration of shortening in the foreland and extension in the inner part of the orogen supports the notion that the central Apennines were created as a result of a partially decoupled collision zone. Study of the onset of the central Apennine extensional intermontane basins, together with their seismic activity, indicates that the central Apennine postorogenic extensional domain represents an archive of ~3 m.y. of continued crustal extension. These findings help to refine models of the long-term extensional rate of the central Apennines, and they provide a basis for more reliable seismotectonic models for one of the most seismically active sectors of the central Mediterranean area.

This paper evaluates the amplification factors at different locations of a tuff cliff subjected to seismic loading. We present a 1D and 2D modelling of a cliff located in the Sorrento Peninsula, a major Quaternary morpho-structural unit of the western flank of Southern Apennines. The geometry of our model is represented by a tuff cliff of 30 m height, with sand deposits at its base, covered by a 7-m-thick volcanoclastic layer. The geotechnical and geophysical parameters used for the analysis have been estimated via field measurements and laboratory tests. We selected seven scaled seismic events as input motions for the analysis, and the linear equivalent assumption was used in both 1D and 2D modelling. The general trend showed that in the cliff edge area, the amplification factor reaches a maximum value of 10 with a period of 0.11 s, while in other areas, its value decreases down to 2.90 seaside and 4.0 landside. The comparison of the 1D and 2D modelling highlights the importance of the topographic effects connected with a cliff. The average amplification factors (AF) for the 1D and the 2D models, have been computed within different time ranges, consistent with the ones adopted in the Italian microzonation studies (0.1–0.5 s, 0.4–0.8 s, 0.7–1.1 s).

On August 21, 2017, the volcanic island of Ischia was struck by a Mw 3.9 (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/event/16796811) earthquake which caused two victims and heavy damages on wide portions of the Casamicciola Terme, Lacco Ameno and Forio municipalities. Following the Decree 1/2018 of the Government Commission for the reconstruction of damaged areas of Ischia Island, a Grade 3 Seismic Microzonation study was committed by each municipality to private consultants, who were scientifically supported by a multidisciplinary team of geologists, geophysicists and geotechnical engineers from CNR, INGV and University of Naples "Federico II". The existing data from previous geological and geotechnical investigations were integrated with the results of new geo-lithological surveys and geophysical measurements (HVSR, MASW, Down hole tests) carried out by the consultants. The whole amount of data was quality checked, homogenized and collected in a SQLite/SpatiaLite geodatabase using a QGIS open source software by the support team. A geo-lithological map of northern and western sides of the island was then produced, and the results of routine geophysical tests were coupled with those of seismic 2D ambient vibration arrays, to obtain shear wave velocity profiles (several hundreds of meters deep) down to the seismic bedrock, made of lithic tuffs and lavas, and to define its buried morphology. This in turn enabled to draw a map of seismically homogeneous microzones of the entire study area. Cyclic torsional shear tests were carried out on 10 undisturbed soil samples, mainly taken from epiclastic cover deposits, to characterize their non-linear behavior to be adopted for seismic response analyses. These latter were carried out along 1D profiles characterizing each microzone and along selected 2D cross sections running from the Mount Epomeo to the coast. The dynamic analyses allowed to detect and map areas characterized by variable amplification factors, of spectral accelerations throughout different ranges of periods (0.1-0.5s, 04.-0.8s, 0.7-1.1 s). The zones most prone to site amplification are those corresponding to localized graben-like depressions at the toe of Mount Epomeo, such as Maio neighborhood of Casamicciola, where thickened epiclastic covers are entrenched into blocks of uplifted bedrock and where a combination of 1D stratigraphic amplification and 2D reflection and diffraction effects is expected.

On April 6, 2009, a Mw 6.1 earthquake struck the Plio-Quaternary intermontane L'Aquila-Scoppito Basin in central Italy, causing severe damage to L'Aquila historical downtown and surroundings, which were affected by notable site effects. Previous work has suggested that different site effects may be related to the complex subsurface geologic architecture, given the variable thickness and lithology of L'Aquila-Scoppito Basin filling deposits, on top of which the city was built. To improve the 3D geological model of L'Aquila downtown for seismic site response evaluation and to estimate the seismic hazard of possible buried active normal faults, a multitask project was carried out consisting mainly of the integration of surface geology, geological subsurface datasets and geophysical surveys. Data were interpreted with the aim of creating and building a detailed stratigraphic and tectonic model for the Plio-Quaternary cover of the continental basin and the buried morphology of the Meso-Cenozoic bedrock. We discuss and interpret the results concerning a 1 km-long high-resolution seismic reflection profile and refraction tomography integrated with stratigraphy from deep and shallow boreholes. The results allowed the reconstruction of the Plio-Quaternary succession below L'Aquila downtown. The Plio-Quaternary basin depocentre is located in a minor NNW-SSE graben, an extensional structure within the main regional graben that borders L'Aquila-Scoppito Basin. Finally, data interpretation allowed us to define the subsoil geological model of the study area, to evidence the recent activity of several faults, and to reconstruct the Plio-Quaternary tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the basin. Together, the data are useful to evaluate the seismic hazard of cities with great cultural heritage of central Italy, such as the case study of L'Aquila downtown.

In this paper we present innovative methodologies for seismic monitoring of volcanic structures in space and time (4D) which can possibly evolve toward an unrest stage. They are based on repeated phase and amplitude measurements done on active and/or passive seismic data including shots, vibrations, earthquakes and ambient noise in order to characterize the structure of the volcano and track its evolution through time. The characterization of the medium properties is performed through the reconstruction of an image of the elastic and anelastic properties of the propagation medium crossed by seismic waves. This study focuses on the application of specific tomographic inversion methods to obtain high quality tomographic images. The resolution of the tomographic models is influenced by the number and spatial distribution of data. The expected resolution thus guides the setup of, for example, active seismic surveys. To recognize and monitor changes in the properties of the propagation medium without performing an active survey we identify a fast proxy based on the time evolution of the Vp/Vs ratio. The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed through synthetic tests, resolution analysis and case studies in volcanic areas such as the Campi Flegrei (southern Italy) and The Geysers geothermal area (California). (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Campanian volcanism develops near the sea. Therefore, the geophysical study of the marine environment is a key to a better understanding of the tectonic evolution and the origin of volcanism in the area. An abundance of high quality seismic data in the marine sector, where little direct information is available, is critical to the study of Campanian volcanism. This paper concerns the reprocessing of a seismic reflection dataset acquired in Naples Bay and processed during 1973. Even though the overall data quality was high for that time, of course their acquisition technological limits have been overcome by the new processing. Our reprocessing aimed at: 1) reduction of random noise in the data; 2) removal of unwanted coherent events; 3) reduction of spatial aliasing by means of trace interpolation on Commod Shot Point (CSP) gathering; 4) improvement of resolution of the seismic wavelet with spiking deconvolution algorithms and finally 5) reposition of reflectors in their correct locations in the space-TWT domain by means of dip moveout and post-stack time migration. A comparison between the new and old data shows that the new sections are characterized by a much higher S/N ratio. Diffraction hyperbole has been collapsed. Reverberations, ghosts and multiples have been removed or greatly attenuated, especially between the reflectors of interest, allowing us to follow them with more detail and with greater continuity. Furthermore, data resolution has been boosted by the reprocessing, allowing the interpreter to evaluate reflector position and continuity in greater detail. The reinterpretation phase of such lines, that is already in an advanced stage, will therefore allow us to gain new insights into the structural setting of the bay, with the aim of exploring the connection between tectonics and volcanism.

Volcanic areas often show complex behaviour as far as seismic waves propagation and seismic motion at surface are concerned. In fact, the finite lateral extent of surface layers such as lava flows, blocks, differential welding and/or zeolitization within pyroclastic deposits, introduces in the propagation of seismic waves effects such as the generation of surface waves at the edge, resonance in lateral direction, diffractions and scattering of energy, which tend to modify the amplitude as well as the duration of the ground motion. The irregular topographic surface, typical of volcanic areas, also strongly influences the seismic site response. Despite this heterogeneity, it is unfortunately a common geophysical and engineering practice to evaluate even in volcanic environments the subsurface velocity field with monodimensional investigation method (i.e. geognostic soundings, refraction survey, down-hole, etc.) prior to the seismic site response computation which in a such cases is obviously also made with ID algorithms. This approach often leads to highly inaccurate results. In this paper we use a different approach, i.e. a fully 2D P-wave «turning ray» tomographic survey followed by 2D seismic site response modeling. We report here the results of this approach in three sites located at short distance from Mt. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei and characterized by overburdens constituted by volcanoclastic deposits with large lateral and vertical variations of their elastic properties. Comparison between 1D and 2D Dynamic Amplification Factor shows in all reported cases entirely different results, both in terms of peak period and spectral contents, as expected from the clear bidimensionality of the geological section. Therefore, these studies suggest evaluating carefully the subsoil geological structures in areas characterized by possible large lateral and vertical variations of the elastic properties in order to reach correct seismic site response curves to be used for engineering projects.

Integration of high-resolution geophysical and hydrogeological investigations at Solfatara Volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy, allowed us to (1) image the shallow and intermediate subsurface to the crater, (2) elucidate patterns in the shallow subsurface degassing, and (3) refine and upgrade volcano-monitoring strategies for this dynamic area. Our results show that the subsurface to the crater can be divided roughly into two zones: a dry, outcropping layer overlying a horizon saturated by hydrothermal fluids. Within this saturated zone, intersections of dominant NW-and ENE-striking structural lineaments act as preferential escape conduits for the fluids which generate high microseismic noise amplitudes in the southeastern part of the crater. Hydrogeological data suggest an uprising of the isotherms below Solfatara crater, and a marked increment of fluid degassing, over the last 40 years. Sudden variations of both seismic noise level and noise cycling are positively correlated with early stages of ground inflation during the AD 2000 uplift. We believe therefore that monitoring of seismic noise can be used for upgrading early warning strategies in this sector of the Campi Flegrei volcanic system. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.