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Despite growing interest in genetic and psychosocial indicators of heightened susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a predictive model, which explains why some individuals develop PTSD in response to life-threatening traumatic events, while others, when faced with the same or similar experiences, do not, has thus far remained out of reach. In this paper, we review the literature on gene–environment interactions in β-endorphin system functioning with regard to PTSD and suggest that variation, both genetic and with regard to environmental stimuli, in systems which, like the β-endorphin system, distort human perception of life-threatening traumatic experiences may account for some of the variance in resilience to the disorder. Given the role of β-endorphin in both social connections and physical exercise, this becomes especially relevant with regard to military selection, training, and leadership processes.

Paper describes the application of X-tream method on an analysis of personal potentials for the development of professional leadership. There was employed pilot study as one of project output. The pilot study was focused on identification and comparison of marginal indices, connected to the condition of personal dimension in the group of students of army leadership. Gained results from the pilot study provides a view on the application of X-tream method, which should help to choose a relevant person for stressing environment such army or security area. The main objective of the paper is the application X-tream method in army context. The sample population was 46 successful participants of leadership course, which was realized at the end of 2017.

The contribution of this paper focuses on identifying the personality potential and sources of professional managers that are crucial for the effective management of challenging situations. The contribution introduces the current knowledge of connatural management (CNM) as part of cognitive management, which were identified as key multi-parametric dimensions of personal fitness. The individual dimensions represent the indicators of the quality of an individual&rsquo, s condition. The first one is the personality dimension, which provides information about individual integrity, situational settings, ambition, the tendency of an individual toward risk, and readiness to change. Second, the mental&ndash, cognitive dimension relates to the individual&rsquo, s potential for critical, creative, and systemic thinking. It conveys information about the ability to accept a change and proactively adapt to its consequences. Lastly, the psycho-physical dimension concerns the interaction of physical and mental processes, states, and phenomena. The main objective of the research was to determine the Global X-tream index, which is applicable for the prompt identification of the qualities of human resources for a specific corporate HR system. The study consisted of 236 respondents, who graduated and successfully completed special courses with applied X-tream methodology. It enables the creation of conditions that enable detecting and evaluating the above-mentioned basic three-dimensional and multi-parametric indicators related to the performance of individuals in a corporate environment. The paper introduces the individual indices, which were used as a basis for the definition of the global X-tream index.

The disease severity of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities, is characterized by hypercytokinemia, an exaggerated immune response associated with an uncontrolled and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokine mediators (cytokine storm). Flavonoids, important secondary metabolites of plants, have long been studied as therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases due to their cytokine-modulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential role of flavonoids in the modulation of signaling pathways that are crucial for COVID-19 disease, particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. The immunomodulatory ability of flavonoids, carried out by the regulation of inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of endothelial activation, NLRP3 inflammasome, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), and the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), might be beneficial in regulating the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the ability of flavonoids to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), neutralize 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) or to affect gut microbiota to maintain immune response, and the dual action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) may potentially also be applied to the exaggerated inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. Based on the previously proven effects of flavonoids in other diseases or on the basis of newly published studies associated with COVID-19 (bioinformatics, molecular docking), it is reasonable to assume positive effects of flavonoids on inflammatory changes associated with COVID-19. This review highlights the current state of knowledge of the utility of flavonoids in the management of COVID-19 and also points to the multiple biological effects of flavonoids on signaling pathways associated with the inflammation processes that are deregulated in the pathology induced by SARS-CoV-2. The identification of agents, including naturally occurring substances such as flavonoids, represents great approach potentially utilizable in the management of COVID-19. Although not clinically investigated yet, the applicability of flavonoids against COVID-19 could be a promising strategy due to a broad spectrum of their biological activities., Graphical Abstract ga1

For a given holomorphic self map (P of the unit disk, we consider the Bloch-to-BMOA composition property (pullback property) of (p. Our results are (1) (p cannot have the pullback property if (p touches the boundary too smoothly, (2) while (p has the pullback property if (p touches the boundary rather sharply. One of these results yields an interesting consequence completely contrary to a higher dimensional result which has been known. These results resemble known results concerning the compactness of composition operators on the Hardy spaces. Some remarks in that direction are included.

Suppose that ω n , 0 , ω n , 1 , … , ω n , k {\omega _{n,0}},{\omega _{n,1}}, \ldots ,{\omega _{n,k}} are distinct complex numbers with | n − ω n , j | ⩽ δ |n - {\omega _{n,j}}| \leqslant \delta for all n ∈ Z , j = 0 , 1 , … , k n \in {\mathbf {Z}},j = 0,1, \ldots ,k . We show that if δ > 0 \delta > 0 is small enough then, given complex numbers c n , j ( n ∈ Z , j = 0 , 1 , … , k ) {c_{n,j}}(n \in {\mathbf {Z}},j = 0,1, \ldots ,k) there exists f ∈ L 2 ( − ( k + 1 ) π , ( k + 1 ) π ) f \in {L^2}( - (k + 1)\pi ,(k + 1)\pi ) with \[ ∫ − ( k + 1 ) π ( k + 1 ) π f ( t ) e − i t ω n , j d t = c n , j for n ∈ Z , j = 0 , 1 , … , k \int _{ - (k + 1)\pi }^{(k + 1)\pi } {f(t){e^{ - it{\omega _{n,j}}}}} dt = {c_{n,j}}\quad {\text {for}}\;n \in {\mathbf {Z}},j = 0,1, \ldots ,k \] if and only if certain “divided differences” involving the c n , j {c_{n,j}} ’s and the ω n , j {\omega _{n,j}} ’s are square summable. This extends a classical theorem of Paley and Wiener, which is equivalent to the case k = 0 k = 0 above.

Several results on the behavior of harmonic functions at an individual boundary point are obtained. The results apply to positive harmonic functions as well as to Poisson integrals of functions in BMO.

Recently I. Klemes has characterized the complemented translation-invariant subspaces of H 1 ( T ) {H^1}(\mathbb {T}) . In this paper we investigate the case of H 1 ( R ) {H^1}(\mathbb {R}) . The main results are that the hull of a complemented translation-invariant subspace is ε \varepsilon -separated for some ε > 0 \varepsilon > 0 , and that an ε \varepsilon -separated subset of R + {\mathbb {R}^ + } which is in the ring generated by cosets of closed subgroups of R \mathbb {R} (intersected with R + {\mathbb {R}^ + } ) and lacunary sequences is the hull of a complemented ideal.