Search

Central giant cell granuloma is a rare osseous tumor affecting young patients with anatomical and functional compromise of the maxilla and mandible. Steroid injection therapy constitutes a less invasive treatment modality for disease control in selected cases. Retinal ischemia is a reported complication of multiple medical procedures, including dental interventions, and may lead to loss of vision with poor prognosis. We report a case of retinal arteriolar ischemic disease following central giant cell granuloma management with local injected corticosteroids.

Despite notable efforts and significant therapeutical advances, age-related macular degeneration remains the single most common reason for vision loss. Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are considered promising candidates for cellular treatments that repair and restore vision. In this allogenic study, the phenotypic profile of pig and human RPCs derived using similar manufacturing processes is compared. The long-term (12-week) survival of green fluorescent protein-pig retinal progenitor cells GFP-pRPC after subretinal transplantation into normal miniature pig (mini-pig) retina is investigated. Human eyes are both anatomically and physiologically mimicked by pig eyes, so the pig is an ideal model to show an equivalent way of delivering cells, immunological response and dosage. The phenotypic equivalency of porcine and clinically intended human RPCs was established. Thirty-nine mini-pigs are used in this study, and vehicle-injected eyes and non-injected eyes serve as controls. Six groups are given different dosages of pRPCs, and the cells are found to survive well in all groups. At 12 weeks, strong evidence of integration is indicated by the location of the grafted cells within the neuro-retina, extension of processes to the plexiform layers and expression of key retinal markers such as recoverin, rhodopsin and synaptophysin. No immunosuppression is used, and no immune response is found in any of the groups. No pRPC-related histopathology findings are reported in the major organs investigated. An initial dose of 250 k cells in 100 µl of buffer is established as an appropriate initial dose for future human clinical trials.

We report the case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with visual loss in the right eye for 6 weeks. The best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. The fundus examination demonstrated a right retinal detachment inferiorly extending to the fovea and a left macular serous detachment. After multimodal imaging study, the patient was diagnosed as having a bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy and treated with oral spironolactone associated with adjuvant laser photocoagulation. The retinal changes resolved after 6 months. The final visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. RESUMO Relatamos o caso de um homem de 39 anos apresentando perda visual no olho direito há seis semanas. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi conta-dedos no olho direito e 20/30 no esquerdo. A fundoscopia demonstrou descolamento de retina direito inferiormente com extensão à fóvea e descolamento macular seroso à esquerda. Após estudos de imagem multimodal, o paciente foi diagnosticado com uma variante bolhosa de coriorretinopatia serosa central e tratado com espironolactona oral associada à fotocoagulação a laser adjuvante. As alterações retinianas resolveram após seis meses. A acuidade visual final foi 20/20 em ambos os olhos.

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is a rare, benign intraocular tumor. Hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium has been described in the literature as a condition presenting with variable retinal damage, ranging from partial epiretinal involvement to complete distortion of the retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl presenting with longstanding strabismus who was diagnosed with Hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium based on multimodal imaging assessment. We explored the particular imaging findings from studies using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography, and fluorescein angiography.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the concentrations, in aqueous humor, of VEGF, b-FGF, TNF, and interleukins 1, 6, 8, 10, and 12 in patients with diabetic macular edema, with and without peripheral retinal ischemia, and to analyze the variation of the levels of these molecules, during the treatment with ranibizumab.Methods: A therapeutic, prospective, randomized interventional study was carried out. Twenty-four eyes from 24 patients were studied, divided into 3 groups. Group 1, (9 eyes), patients with EMD without peripheral ischemia. Group 2 (10 eyes), patients with EMD with peripheral ischemia. Group 3, (5 eyes), control group, formed by patients without systemic and/or eye diseases. Patients in groups 1 and 2 were treated with 3 intravitreal injections of 2 mg/0.05 ml of ranibizumab, with intervals of approximately 30 days. Before performing the injections, the aqueous humor was collected. In the control group, the material was collected before the facectomy procedure. Results: During treatment, the medians of IL-6 concentrations showed a statistically significant increase, in group 1 and group 2, there was a slight decrease, not statistically significant. Interleukin 8 showed statistically significant variations in groups 1 and 2, at the end of treatment. TNF, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-12 had their concentrations practically unchanged, in both groups. VEGF showed a statistically significant reduction in groups 1 and 2 at the end of the study. B-FGF was not detected in most of the studied patients, and in those that were found, they did not present statistically significant numbers. Conclusion: There were statistically significant variations in the increase of their median levels in interleukin 6, in the group without ischemia and a decrease in VEGF in both groups. The cytokines TNF, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-12 did not show statistically significant variations.

Purpose: Study aimed to determine compliance of patients with strabismic amblyopia undergoing occlusion treatment, followed from January 1 st, 2011 to January 1 st, 2017 at an Ophthalmology Reference Center, and identify risk factors for poor compliance. Methods: Retrospective, consecutive cohort study. Compliance reported at each visit was related to visual acuity, family history, changes in occlusion schedules and in patients’ care team during treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to the compliance: poor compliance group and compliance group (subdivided in full compliance subgroup and partial compliance subgroup). Results: Age at treatment beginning vary from 3.7 to 13.7 years, esotropia was the most frequent deviation and the occlusion was realized from 5 to 7 hours a day. Of 220 patients, compliance was achieved by 193 (87.7%), 114 (51.8%) in full compliance subgroup and 79 (35.9%) in partial compliance subgroup, and 27 do not achieved compliance (12.3%). Poor compliance was significantly related to a history of epilepsy, higher rate of suspension of treatment due to inefficacy, higher evasion rate, lower recurrence, and lower rate of maintenance of prophylactic occlusion after treatment. Good compliance was related to family history of strabismus, higher recurrence rate, and higher maintenance of prophylactic occlusion after treatment. No relations were found between poor compliance and changes in occlusion schedules or in patients’ care team during treatment. Conclusion: Compliance with occlusion treatment of strabismic ambliopia was similar to other studies that included refractive and strabismic amblyopia and not related to changes in occlusion schedules or in patients’ care team during treatment. Family history of strabismus was a protective factor. Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a adesão de pacientes com ambliopia estrabísmica submetidos a tratamento oclusivo, acompanhados em Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia do Centro-Oeste do Brasil, e identificar fatores de risco para baixa adesão. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e consecutivo. A adesão relatada em cada visita foi relacionada à acuidade visual, história familiar, mudanças no tempo de oclusão e na equipe de atendimento ao paciente durante o tratamento. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a adesão: grupo de não-adesão e grupo adesão (subdividido em subgrupo adesão total e subgrupo adesão parcial). Resultados: A idade ao início do tratamento variou de 3,7 a 13,7 anos, o desvio mais frequente foi a esotropia, o tempo médio de oclusão foi de 5 a 7 horas por dia. Dos 220 pacientes, 193 (87,7%) obtiveram adesão, 114 (51,8%) no subgrupo de adesão total e 79 (35,9%) no subgrupo de adesão parcial, e 27 não aderiram (12,3%). A não-adesão foi relacionada à história de epilepsia, maior taxa de suspensão do tratamento devido à ineficácia, maior taxa de evasão, menor recorrência e menor taxa de manutenção da oclusão profilática pós tratamento. A boa adesão foi relacionada à história familiar de estrabismo, maior taxa de recorrência e maior manutenção da oclusão profilática pós tratamento. Não houve relação entre não-adesão e mudanças nos horários de oclusão ou na equipe de atendimento durante o tratamento. Conclusão: A adesão ao tratamento oclusivo da ambliopia estrabísmica foi semelhante aos estudos que incluíram ambliopia refracional e estrabísmica e não se correlacionou a mudanças no tempo de oclusão ou na equipe de atendimento. A história familiar de estrabismo foi um fator de proteção.

Central giant cell granuloma is a rare osseous tumor affecting young patients with anatomical and functional compromise of the maxilla and mandible. Steroid injection therapy constitutes a less invasive treatment modality for disease control in selected cases. Retinal ischemia is a reported complication of multiple medical procedures, including dental interventions, and may lead to loss of vision with poor prognosis. We report a case of retinal arteriolar ischemic disease following central giant cell granuloma management with local injected corticosteroids.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the anatomical success rates of vitrectomy and SF6 gas tamponade for macular hole surgery with and without postoperative face-down posturing. Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, and retrospective case series analysis. The study included 52 eyes from 52 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with trypan blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and 25% SF6 tamponade for stages 2, 3, and 4 macular holes. After surgery, all patients were provided with a postoperative postural regimen: 31 patients were instructed not to maintain face-down posturing, whereas 21 were instructed to maintain face-down posturing for 7 days. The primary outcome measure was the macular hole closure rate. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info 7.1. Results: A total of 47 (90.3%) patients achieved hole closure. The nonface-down posturing group and face-down posturing group obtained closure rates of 90.3% and 90.4%, respectively; these rates were not significantly different. Statistical analysis revealed that no significant differences existed in sex, age, hole duration, hole stage, preoperative visual acuity, or postoperative visual acuity between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that macular hole surgery with the use of short duration gas (SF6) is safe and effective and that maintaining a postural orientation of nonface-down posturing is also safe. However, these recommendations should be assessed further in a prospective and randomized study to comprehensively delineate the associated benefits and risks.

Background To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of a new formulation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus (LES). Methods In vitro experiments were done using ARPE-19 and HRP cells. An MTT assay was used to determine cell metabolic activity and a TUNEL assay for detecting DNA fragmentation. In vivo experiments were conducted on New Zealand albino rabbits that received intravitreal injections of empty liposomes (EL) or different concentrations of LES. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the rabbit’s eyes following injection. Results Eighteen eyes of nine rabbits were used. MTT assay cell viability was 95.04% in group 1 (12.5 µL/mL LES). 92.95% in group 2 (25 µL/mL LES), 91.59% in group 3 (50 µL/mL LES), 98.09% in group 4 (12.5 µL/mL EL), 95.20% on group 5 (50 µL/mL EL), 98.53% in group 6 (50 µL/mL EL), and 2.84% on group 8 (50 µL/mL DMSO). There was no statistically significant difference among groups 1 to 7 in cell viability (p = 1.0), but the comparison of all groups with group 8 was significant (p Conclusion A novel formulation of LES delivered intravitreally did not cause in vitro toxicity, as evaluated by MTT and TUNEL assays, nor in vivo toxicity as evaluated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in rabbit eyes.

PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement between multimodal imaging-MI (fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pigment epithelial detachment with subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED+F) compared to patients with PED without subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED-F). METHODS Twenty-two eyes of 15 patients were divided into two groups (PED+F and PED-F). All patients underwent MI and OCTA with manual and automatic segmentation. MI findings were compared to OCTA findings and then analysed. RESULTS In the PED+F group (10 eyes), all studied eyes demonstrated CNV in MI. In manual segmentation OCTA assessment, 9 of 10 eyes (90%) were detected with CNV. When evaluated by automatic segmentation, 8 of 10 eyes (80%) revealed the presence of CNV. In the PED-F (12 eyes) group, all eyes did not demonstrate CNV in MI and OCTA evaluations, either by manual or automatic segmentation. The agreement between MI and OCTA shows concordance (k: 0.908; 95% CI, 0.491-1.000); the evaluation of the agreement between the automatic and manual segmentation also shows concordance (k: 0.904; 95% CI, 0.488-1.000). CONCLUSION The solid agreement between the multimodal imaging regarding the ability of OCTA to identify possible initial CNV in a patient with PED-F was observed. Accuracy was 95.45%. In addition, the agreement between manual and automatic segmentation to identify CNV on OCTA was also shown.

Purpose. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to UV radiation- (UVR-) induced skin pigmentation, skin cancers, ocular surface disease, and, in some patients, sunburn and neurological degeneration. Eight different genes are affected, and the prevalence of the disease differs across the world. The present study describes the main ophthalmologic features and symptoms in patients with XP in this case series. Methods. Patients were examined consecutively at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Goias between January 2016 and June 2018. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and were asked about their ophthalmological history and the presence of ocular symptoms. Results. Twenty-one patients with genetic confirmation were evaluated. The genetic variants XPV and XPC were detected in the patients. The most prevalent findings include eyelid changes, observed in 80.9% of the patients, and ocular surface changes as punctate keratopathy, occurring in 16 patients (76.2%), corneal neovascularization, and corneal opacities. Six patients (28.5%) presented corneoconjunctival tumor. More than half of patients had previous history of treatment of ocular neoplasia. Ocular burning was the most reported symptom. Conclusions. The ocular characteristics identified in this study corroborate the existing literature, mainly related to the surface. Concerning the XP variant and the gravity of ocular signs, XPC has earlier and more severe symptoms than XPV. Due to their relative rarity, publications of XP cases are important to understand the possible damages caused by the disease in the eyes and surrounding area.

Purpose: To identify the prevalence of the most common diseases diagnosed in the Low Vision Service (LVS) Methods: Seven hundred and thirteen patient’s clinical records were evaluated. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye was collected. All of the diagnosed diseases related to visual impairment were identified and classified. A total of 220 patients (36.6%) fulfilled the concept of low vision (group 1), and 381 patients (63.39%) presented legal blindness (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5), according to the WHO Study Group on the Prevention of Blindness (Geneva, l972). Results: The most prevalent disorder was the group of Retinal Inherited Distrophies (n=124; 20.63%). Following the first group were Ocular toxoplasmosis with chorioretinal scars (118 cases, representing a prevalence of 19.63%), Myopic Maculopathy (38-6.32%), Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) (36 cases, representing a prevalence of 6%). Conclusion: Planning and implementing preventive actions in ophthalmology requires appropriate comprehension about regional clinical problems. Social support, and a proper partnership between educational and health systems, are important to improve visual outcomes in patients diagnosed with low vision and legal blindness. Resumo Objetivo: identificar a prevalência dos distúrbios mais comuns em pacientes do Serviço de Visão Subnormal do Centro de Referência de Oftalmologia (CEROF - UFG). Método: Foram avaliados 713 registros de pacientes, t odos apresentavam erros refrativos corrigidos. Coletaram-se dois elementos: melhor acuidade visual corrigida (MAVC) no melhor olho e o diagnóstico da doença oftalmológica responsável pela deficiência visual. Todos os grupos etários foram incluídos, sem distinção entre sexo ou raça. Resultados: As doenças mais prevalentes foram distrofias retinianas hereditárias (124 pacientes; 20,63%), cicatrizes coriorretinianas por toxoplasmose (118-19,63%), maculopatia miópica (38-6,32%), Degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI) (36-6%). 220 pacientes (36,6%) preencheram critério de baixa visão (grupo 1), e 381 (63,39%) apresentaram definição de cegueira legal (grupos 2, 3, 4 e 5) recomendada pelo Grupo de Estudos para a Prevenção da Cegueira WHO (Genebra, l972). Conclusão: Estudos nacionais mostram resultados semelhantes sobre cicatrizes coriorretinianas. Estudos epidemiológicos mostram maior prevalência de DMRI, provavelmente porque as clínicas oftalmológicas primárias falham no encaminhamento destes pacientes. A proporção de cegueira relacionada à ROP nos países desenvolvidos é maior, possivelmente porque não há plano de ação público oferecendo acompanhamento oftalmológico adequado para essas crianças. Não havia número significativo de pacientes com glaucoma congênito no departamento, o que pode se relacionar com as condições socioeconômicas e saúde no Brasil. Ações preventivas em oftalmologia necessitam de conhecimento científico de problemas oftalmológicos regionais aplicados à realidade, que será foco de tal ação. Um suporte social, incluindo parceria entre escola, família e sistema público de saúde, seria importante para gerar benefícios para a população.

Objetivou-se avaliar a melhora da acuidade visual (AV) antes e no 15° dia do pós-operatório de facectomia e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Estudo prospectivo, desenvolvido com 156 pacientes submetidos à facectomia em campanha oftalmológica. De acordo com a tabela de Snellen, a AV média, em logMAR, após 15 dias da cirurgia melhorou de 1,23 para 0,57 nos idosos (p=0,000). Na comparação das médias de qualidade de vida, pelo questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VQF-25), o subdomínio visão geral apresentou a maior diferença entre as médias antes e após a facectomia (de 29,65 para 89,87). A análise de correlação apontou que a melhora da AV melhorou a satisfação geral, em relação à atividade para longe, dor ocular, saúde mental e dependência, levando a um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Levantaram-se indicadores que direcionam à terapêutica mais individualizada.

This report presents multimodal imaging of a 27-year-old woman diagnosed with benign familial fleck retina (OMIM 228980), an uncommon disorder. Fundus photographs revealed retinal flecks that affected her post-equatorial retina but spared the macular area. Fundus autofluorescence and infrared imaging demonstrated a symmetrical pattern of yellow-white fleck lesions that affected both eyes. Her full-field electroretinogram and electrooculogram were normal. An optical coherence tomography B-scan was performed for both eyes, revealing increased thickness of the retinal pigmented epithelium leading to multiple small pigmented epithelium detachments. The outer retina remained intact in both eyes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography with split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation algorithm and 3 × 3 mm structural en face optical coherence tomography did not show macular lesions. Benign familial fleck retina belongs to a heterogenous group of so-called flecked retina syndromes, and should be considered in patients with yellowish-white retinal lesions without involvement of the macula.

The purpose of the authors is to show clinical findings of a patient with benign concentric annular macular dystrophy, which is an unusual condition, and part of the “bull’s eye” maculopathy differential diagnosis. An ophthalmologic examination with color perception, fluorescein angiography, and ocular electrophysiology was performed.

In diabetic retinopathy (DR), macular involvement can present as either macular edema or ischemia. Fluorescein angiography remains the gold standard in the evaluation of retinal vascular perfusion and diagnosis of macular ischemia. However, it is a costly, time-consuming technique, it requires venipuncture, and reports of anaphylaxis and death related to fluorescein injections have been documented, despite their rarity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a fast and non-invasive method to assess retinal structures at a microscopic level. OCT angiography permits the noninvasive study of retinal and choroid circulation via motion contrast imaging. Split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography combined with OCT angiography has furthered the understanding of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases, allowing the evaluation of retinal microvasculature and identification of subsequent disorders, including DR. Previous studies using OCT angiography have demonstrated that it may demonstrate DR findings such as microaneurysms, arteriolar wall staining, retinal neovascularization, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. The purpose of this article is to describe and discuss different concepts regarding OCT angiography, as well as its role in the diagnosis of DR and maculopathy.

Purpose. To compare fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular ischemia (DMI).Methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare area measurements andpvalues of 2) and “small” (inferior to 0.32 mm2) groups. Quantitative analyses of the FAZ were performed using custom software.Results. Thirty-four eyes from 34 diabetic patients were enrolled. Subjects with DMI presented a mean area on FA and OCTA of 0.68 ± 0.53 mm2and 0.58 ± 0.35 mm2, respectively (p=0.1374). Patients without DMI presented a mean area on FA and OCTA of 0.19 ± 0.67 mm2and 0.20 ± 0.79 mm2, respectively (p=0.9594). The ICC for the FAZ measurements between the 2 observers on FA and OCTA was 0.96 and 0.92, respectively.Conclusion. OCTA represents a novel technique for the diagnosis of DMI and it may become an alternative to FA for this purpose.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common complication following cataract surgery. Although majority of patients with PCME remain asymptomatic, it remains an important cause of vision loss after cataract surgery. The pathogenesis of PCME remains unclear, but most authors agree that inflammation plays a major role in its development. There is no standard algorithm for treatment procedures for PCME. A biodegradable 0.7 mg dexamethasone intravitreal implant can be used to deliver medication into the posterior segment of eyes. This drug acts on all inflammatory mediators and has been approved for the treatment of macular abnormalities secondary to retinal vein occlusion and for non-infectious posterior uveitis. In this case series, we report six patients who presented with PCME and were treated with a 0.7 mg dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Favorable anatomical outcomes were demonstrated by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography images.

This study aimed to report the clinical and structural outcomes of intravitreal ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular interface disorders in two tertiary centers in Brazil. A retrospective study was performed by reviewing medical records and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of seven patients who were treated with a single ocriplasmin injection. A total of 57.14% of patients achieved resolution of vitreomacular traction as evidenced by SD-OCT. Regarding our functional results, 87.71% maintained or improved visual acuity after follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting initial results of ocriplasmin therapy in Brazil. RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo é relatar os resultados iniciais, tanto do ponto de vista funcional quanto anatômico, no tratamento das doenças da interface vítreo-macular com a ocriplasmina em 2 serviços terciários no Brasil. Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado através de revisão de prontuários, além de análise de achados em tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT) em 7 pacientes tratados com uma única injeção intravítrea de ocriplasmina. Em nosso estudo 57,14% dos pacientes apresentaram resolução da tração vítreo-macular no SD-OCT. Em relação aos resultados funcionais, 87,71% dos pacientes mantiveram, ou melhoraram sua acuidade visual durante o acompanhamento. Para nosso conhecimento, trata-se do primeiro estudo em nosso país, mostrando resultados iniciais com ocriplasmina em pacientes tratados no Brasil.

OBJETIVO: Identificar as doenças oculares mais comumente presentes no serviço de urgência de um Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia localizado na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal, observacional, retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de atendimentos realizados no período de abril de 2009 a março de 2010, no Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia - CEROF da Universidade Federal de Goiás. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, sexo, procedência, doenças oculares diagnosticadas e doenças sistêmicas associadas. RESULTADOS: Um número total de 2105 prontuários foram analisados neste estudo. A faixa etária mais encontrada foi entre 15 e 29 anos (30,2%), seguida pela entre 30 e 39 anos (20,9%) e entre 40 e 49 anos (14,9%), a idade média foi 34,3 anos. Houve predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino (64,8 %) em relação ao feminino (35,2%). O local de procedência predominante foi o município de Goiânia (80,7%), com 19,2% de pacientes do interior do estado e de outros estados. As maiores causas de atendimento foram: corpo estranho extraocular (25,5%), conjuntivites infecciosas (23,6%) e ceratites e úlceras de córnea(11,3%), tumores de pálpebras e órbita(7,2%), olho seco(4,7%), e blefarite(3,8%). O trauma ocular registrou prevalência de 6,3%. CONCLUSÃO: As doenças oculares atendidas mais frequentemente na urgência do CEROF são semelhantes a outros serviços da mesma natureza no Brasil. A maior parte dos casos é considerada de resolução simples, que podem ser tratados em serviços de atendimento primário, reduzindo a referência a serviços de atendimento terciário delegando a estes casos de maior complexidade.

Purpose: To compare the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab in reducing macular thickness, which was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Methods: The patients received a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab in one randomly selected eye and 4.0 mg triamcinolone acetonide in the contralateral eye. Central foveal thickness measurement (CFT) with OCT was taken at the initial visit and at the 4-week, 12-week and 24-week visits. Results: Eleven patients (22 eyes) were enrolled and statistically analysed. CFT reduced in the eyes treated with triamcinolone and those treated with bevacizumab in weeks 4 and 12 (p

Apresentação de um caso de distrofia macular cristalina em paciente do sexo feminino com síndrome de Sjögren-Larsson. A doença caracteriza-se pela tríade: ictiose congênita, diplegia ou tetraplegia espástica e retardo mental. Os olhos são acometidos em até 100% dos casos sendo característica a presença de maculopatia cristalina como observado na paciente relatada. À fundoscopia observou-se a presença de depósitos esbranquiçados perifoveais. A tomografia de coerência óptica evidenciou pontos hiper-reflexivos correspondentes aos depósitos intrarretinianos, atrofia macular com redução na espessura macular em ambos os olhos. Os achados relacionados à síndrome, à tomografia de coerência óptica foram apresentados de maneira inédita em nosso meio.Presentation of a case of crystalline macular distrophy diagnosed in a female patient with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. The disease consists of clinical findings of spastic diplegia or tetraplegia, mental retardation, and congential ichthyosis. The eyes are affected in up to 100% of cases, and crystalline maculopathy is the main finding as described in this case report. On fundus examination multiple white dots were observed at ophthalmoscopy. The optical coherence tomography has shown not only the hipereflexive intraretinal spots but also macular atrophy with macular thickness reduction. The tomographic findings were first described in our country.

Apresentação de um caso de distrofia macular cristalina em paciente do sexo feminino com síndrome de Sjögren-Larsson. A doença caracteriza-se pela tríade: ictiose congênita, diplegia ou tetraplegia espástica e retardo mental. Os olhos são acometidos em até 100% dos casos sendo característica a presença de maculopatia cristalina como observado na paciente relatada. À fundoscopia observou-se a presença de depósitos esbranquiçados perifoveais. A tomografia de coerência óptica evidenciou pontos hiper-reflexivos correspondentes aos depósitos intrarretinianos, atrofia macular com redução na espessura macular em ambos os olhos. Os achados relacionados à síndrome, à tomografia de coerência óptica foram apresentados de maneira inédita em nosso meio. Presentation of a case of crystalline macular distrophy diagnosed in a female patient with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. The disease consists of clinical findings of spastic diplegia or tetraplegia, mental retardation, and congential ichthyosis. The eyes are affected in up to 100% of cases, and crystalline maculopathy is the main finding as described in this case report. On fundus examination multiple white dots were observed at ophthalmoscopy. The optical coherence tomography has shown not only the hipereflexive intraretinal spots but also macular atrophy with macular thickness reduction. The tomographic findings were first described in our country.

PURPOSE: To compare the preferential hyperacuity perimeter (Preview PHP; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) with the original Amsler grid in the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Patients were classified into groups, based on the severity of the age-related macular degeneration and underwent preferential hyperacuity perimeter and Amsler grid testing. High sensitivity and or high specificity of a method were defined as the observation of at least 80% of each one the parameters. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (65 eyes) were analyzed statistically. The sensitivity of detection of choroidal neovascularization was 70% by the Amsler grid and 90% by the preferential hyperacuity perimeter and the specificity of the Amsler grid was 85.5% and that of the preferential hyperacuity perimeter 81.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The preferential hyperacuity perimeter has greater sensitivity than the Amsler grid in the detection of choroidal neovascularization among patients over 50 years of age and is a promising method for monitoring patients with age-related macular degeneration. Although the original Amsler grid is less sensitive, it is a portable method, not expensive, accessible and presents reasonable sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of choroidal neovascularization. Its use can be recommended for self-monitoring in patients with age-related macular degeneration as an alternative to preferential hyperacuity perimeter and when this method is not available.OBJETIVO: Comparar o perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial (Preview PHP; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Califórnia - EUA) com a tela de Amsler original na detecção de neovascularização de coróide (NVC) em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI). MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram classificados em grupos baseados no grau de gravidade da degeneração macular relacionada à idade e foram submetidos aos testes do perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial e da tela de Amsler. Estabeleceu-se como alta sensibilidade e/ou alta especificidade de um dos métodos, a observação de pelo menos 80% de cada um dos parâmetros. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e cinco pacientes (65 olhos) foram analisados estatisticamente. A sensibilidade de detecção de neovascularização de coróide foi de 70% pela tela de Amsler e 90% pelo perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial, ao passo que a especificidade da tela de Amsler foi de 85,5% e do perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial 81,8%. CONCLUSÕES: O perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial apresenta maior sensibilidade que a tela de Amsler original na detecção de neovascularização de coróide entre pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos e constitui um método promissor no monitoramento de pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade. Apesar de a tela de Amsler original ser menos sensível, é método portátil, financeiramente acessível, e apresenta razoável sensibilidade e alta especificidade no diagnóstico da neovascularização de coróide. Sua utilização pode ser recomendada para o automonitoramento de pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade como alternativa ao perímetro de hiperacuidade preferencial.

Os autores apresentam um caso de distrofia macular em forma-de-borboleta, diagnosticado em paciente do sexo masculino, apresentando concomitante atrofia do epitélio pigmentado da retina e perda visual central em um dos olhos. Os achados relatados contrariam conceitos inicialmente disponíveis de curso sempre benigno da doença. A lesão característica e bem delimitada no pólo posterior e a angiofluoresceinografia, permitiram estabelecer o diagnóstico. Descreve-se ainda, pela primeira vez, os achados da distrofia em forma-de-borboleta à tomografia de coerência óptica.The authors present a case of butterfly-shaped pattern dystrophy diagnosed in a male patient, with retinal pigmented epithelium atrophy and central visual acuity decrease in one of the eyes. The evolution of this case was not benign as described in previous reports. A well-defined lesion located in the posterior pole of both eyes associated with fluorescein angiography allowed the diagnosis of this pattern dystrophy. Optical coherence tomography was performed, showing the aspects of the pathology, for the first time.

Objective : The present study aimed to discuss the current management for dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options supported by the results of pivotal studies, different approaches such as “pro re nata (PRN)” and “treat-and-extend” protocols, and future trends have reshaped the AMD-treatment paradigm. Methods : This descriptive report provides a comprehensive analysis, focusing on the present “state of the art” literature, and also highlights some plausible pathways for future AMD treatment strategies. Results : The current understanding of the different angiogenesis and inflammatory mediators, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and placental growth factor, has changed our understanding about AMD pathogenesis. This data has altered treatment options, aiming optimal results. Most of these pathways are still in the experimental stage, and may represent future alternatives, considering the chronic description of AMD. The antiangiogenic drugs remain the mainstay of AMD treatment, but recent trials, such as combination therapy, have revealed promising results. Optical coherence tomography advances also deserve special attention, since it is an important tool that is used on a regular basis for management of this condition. Conclusion : In spite of the significant advances in dry and wet AMD treatments, patients still require frequent injections and clinical appointments. Future trends have the potential to change this paradigm. AMD is a chronic disorder, and the consensus is that the best results will be accomplished with prompt detection and treatment, independent of the treatment strategy selected.

Interferon is an immunomodulating cytokine used to treat patients with different diseases, such as hepatitis C chronic infection. Pegylated interferon is a new type of interferon, developed to increase the half-life of the drug. Many side effects have been related to its use, including ocular toxicity and retinopathy. The most reported ocular findings are cotton-wool spots and hemorrhages located at the posterior pole and surrounding optic nerve head. We describe one case of pegylated interferon-associated retinopathy with visual loss. The patient had visual acuity improvement four weeks after discontinuation of the medication and the ocular findings became much more subtle.

O interferon é uma citocina imunomoduladora utilizada no tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo infecções crônicas pelo vírus da hepatite C. O interferon peguilado é uma nova forma de interferon, desenvolvida para aumentar o tempo de meia-vida da droga. Uma série de efeitos adversos têm sido associados ao uso do interferon, dentre eles a toxicidade ocular com desenvolvimento de retinopatia. As lesões oculares típicas incluem exsudatos algodonosos e hemorragias retinianas no pólo posterior, particularmente em torno do disco óptico. Descrevemos o caso de paciente tratado com associação de interferon peguilado e ribavirina com diminuição da acuidade visual e quadro oftalmológico compatível com retinopatia associada ao interferon. Quatro semanas após a suspensão do interferon, houve melhora da acuidade visual e diminuição importante das alterações retinianas.Interferon is an immunomodulating cytokine used to treat patients with different diseases, such as hepatitis C chronic infection. Pegylated interferon is a new type of interferon, developed to increase the half-life of the drug. Many side effects have been related to its use, including ocular toxicity and retinopathy. The most reported ocular findings are cotton-wool spots and hemorrhages located at the posterior pole and surrounding optic nerve head. We describe one case of pegylated interferon-associated retinopathy with visual loss. The patient had visual acuity improvement four weeks after discontinuation of the medication and the ocular findings became much more subtle.

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease. It commonly affects the skin, lungs, kidneys, and central nervous system. In the eyes it primarily affects the uveal tract, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and optic nerve. Here in we describe the case of a patient with systemic sarcoidosis and asymptomatic eye inflammation.

Com os avanços da cirurgia para catarata, o prognóstico da recuperação da visão aumentou drasticamente, tornando-se necessário prever resultados indesejados para a acuidade visual no pós-operatório. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a importância da ultra-sonografia ocular na avaliação pré-operatória do segmento posterior em pacientes com catarata madura, e relacionar possíveis doenças que possam comprometer os resultados cirúrgicos, sua prevalência e seus principais fatores de risco. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo do prontuário de 262 pacientes em que houve a necessidade de ultra-sonografia ocular devido à presença de catarata madura, impedindo assim a avaliação fundoscópica do segmento posterior. Também foi avaliada a relação entre a presença dessas alterações e o sexo, idade, raça, história de trauma ocular, doenças sistêmicas e oculares e presença de catarata no olho contralateral. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se alterações ecográficas em 24,8% dos exames realizados entre 1996 e 2001, dos quais o descolamento de retina (9,9%) e as condensações vítreas (9,9%) foram as mais comuns. CONCLUSÕES: Dentre os fatores de risco levantados como predisponentes para achados de ultra-sonografia ocular, a uveíte foi o único elemento estatisticamente significante. Não foi possível, pelos dados obtidos, correlacionar positivamente o trauma ocu-lar às patologias de segmento posterior descritas.With the new techniques of cataract surgery visual success has increased and it became necessary to foresee undesirable postoperative results regarding visual acuity. PURPOSE: To verify the role of ocular ultrasonography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with mature cataract searching for pos terior segment pathologies that may affect surgical results, their prevalence and the main associated risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed analyzing records of 262 patients indicated for ocular ultrasonography because the presence of mature cataract, thus preventing fundoscopic evaluation of the posterior segment. It was also tried to associate the presence of those changes with sex, age, race, history of ocular trauma, systemic and ocular diseases and the presence of cataract in the contralateral eye. RESULTS: Ecographic changes were found in 24.8% of the examinations performed between 1996 and 2001, of which retinal detachment and vitreous condensations were the most common, with 9.9% of the findings for each. CONCLUSIONS: Among the risk factors pointed out as predisposing to findings in ocular ultrasonography, uveitis was the only statistically significant element. It was not possible to correlate positively the described posterior segment pathology to ocular trauma using obtained data.

PURPOSES: 1) To verify the impact of the creation of the Single Technical Record (STR) at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) Hospital das Clinicas, on the preservation period of corneas which were used in elective penetrating keratoplasties, and 2) to compare the primary failure incidence in cornea penetrating keratoplasties regarding the periods before and after the creation of STR. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at the Unicamp Hospital, which evaluated 15 consecutive cornea penetrating keratoplasties between January 1st and April 30th, 2000 and 24 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties between May 1st and September 20th of the same year (corneas under the control of the STR), totaling 39 keratoplasties. RESULTS: The mean time between cornea preparation and transplantation was 3.8 days (±1.78) in the period before STR creation, and 6.0 days (±2.97) after STR creation, representing a 36.7% increase in the preservation time. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between the two groups. No corneal primary failure was observed among the 39 transplanted patients in both groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that this new concept of the State Transplantation System has caused a statistically significant increase in the conservation period of corneas, which may reduce the period of a clear transplant due to an increased loss of endothelial cells, as well as increase the primary failure incidence or result in a high number of corneas that cannot be used due to having exceeded the preservation time recommended by the literature.

Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de instalação e a qualidade da anestesia peribulbar com ropivacaína 1%, quando associada ou não à hialuronidase para realização de cirurgia de catarata. Métodos: Por meio de um ensaio clínico controlado, foram estudados 57 pacientes, submetidos à extração extracapsular da catarata sob anestesia peribulbar, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Grupo C: ropivacaína 1% com hialuronidase 100 utr/ml, e Grupo S: apenas com ropivacaína 1%. Foram avaliados o tempo de instalação do bloqueio de 2 em 2 minutos, utilizando-se a acinesia pela escala da motilidade ocular de Nicoll, intensidade da dor durante o procedimento e a necessidade de complementação anestésica. O bloqueio foi considerado satisfatório quando apresentava valor £ 3 na escala de Nicoll. Resultados: O tempo médio de instalação do bloqueio no grupo C foi de 4,07 minutos (± 3,24) ao passo que no grupo S foi de 5,03 (± 3,28) não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Os dois grupos foram similares em relação à escala de dor, com ausência de dor em 57,14% no grupo C e 68,97% no grupo S. Houve necessidade de complementação em 5 casos (2 pacientes no grupo C e 3 pacientes no grupo S). Foram constatados dois casos de bradicardia intra-operatória, havendo necessidade do uso de atropina em um deles. Conclusão: A ropivacaína 1% proporcionou boa qualidade anestésica para cirurgia de catarata, apresentando discreta redução no tempo de instalação do bloqueio motor quando associado a hialuronidase 100 utr/ml, porém sem diferença significativa.Purpose: To evaluate the onset time and quality of peribulbar anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine associated or not with hyaluronidase 100 tru/ml for cataract extraction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study including fifty-seven patients, scheduled to undergo peribulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction, allocated to two groups. Group C: 1% ropivacaine with addition of 100 tru/ml hyaluronidase, and Group S 1% ropivacaine, without hyaluronidase. The onset time for globe akinesia was studied at intervals of 2 minutes, using Nicoll's score. We evaluated pain by analogic score during the surgery and the necessity of complementing the anaesthesia. The peribulbar block was considered satisfactory when the Nicoll's score was less than 4. Results: The mean time of onset of block in group C was 4.07 minutes (± 3.24), and in group S 5.03 (± 3.28). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both were similar regarding pain score, no pain was observed in 57.14% of group C, and in 68.97% of group S. The supplementary anesthetic was necessary in 2 cases of group C and in 3 cases of group S. Two cases of bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm) were observed during the surgery, and in one case administration of atropine IV was necessary. Conclusion: 1% ropivacaine provided a good quality of anesthesia for cataract extraction, with a faster onset of action in the group with hyaluronidase 100 iu/ml, although without significant difference.