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1. QUEST-DMC: Background Modelling and Resulting Heat Deposit for a Superfluid Helium-3 Bolometer

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., Thompson, M. D., Tsepelin, V., West, S. M., Whitehead, L., Zhang, K., and Zmeev, D. E.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the results of radioactivity assays and heat leak calculations for a range of common cryogenic materials, considered for use in the QUEST-DMC superfluid 3He dark matter detector. The bolometer, instrumented with nanomechanical resonators, will be sensitive to energy deposits from dark matter interactions. Events from radioactive decays and cosmic rays constitute a significant background and must be precisely modelled, using a combination of material screening and Monte Carlo simulations. However, the results presented here are of wider interest for experiments and quantum devices sensitive to minute heat leaks and spurious events, thus we present heat leak per unit mass or surface area for every material studied. This can inform material choices for other experiments, especially if underground operation is considered where the radiogenic backgrounds will dominate even at shallow depths.
Published: 2024
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2. QUEST-DMC superfluid $^3$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Jennings, A., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., Thompson, M. D., Tsepelin, V., West, S. M., Whitehead, L., Zavjalov, V. V., and Zmeev, D. E.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/$c^2$-TeV/$c^2$ mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid $^3$He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/$c^2$. The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Published in EPJ-C
Published: 2023
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3. Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments

Author: Campbell, J. M., Diefenthaler, M., Hobbs, T. J., Höche, S., Isaacson, J., Kling, F., Mrenna, S., Reuter, J., Alioli, S., Andersen, J. R., Andreopoulos, C., Ankowski, A. M., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashkenazi, A., Baker, M. D., Barrow, J. L., van Beekveld, M., Bewick, G., Bhattacharya, S., Bierlich, C., Bothmann, E., Bredt, P., Broggio, A., Buckley, A., Butter, A., Butterworth, J. M., Byrne, E. P., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Chakraborty, S., Chen, X., Chiesa, M., Childers, J. T., Cruz-Martinez, J., Currie, J., Darvishi, N., Dasgupta, M., Denner, A., Dreyer, F. A., Dytman, S., El-Menoufi, B. K., Engel, T., Ravasio, S. Ferrario, Figueroa, D., Flower, L., Forshaw, J. R., Frederix, R., Friedland, A., Frixione, S., Gallagher, H., Gallmeister, K., Gardiner, S., Gauld, R., Gaunt, J., Gavardi, A., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gellersen, L., Giele, W., Gieseke, S., Giuli, F., Glover, E. W. N., Grazzini, M., Grohsjean, A., Gütschow, C., Hamilton, K., Han, T., Hatcher, R., Heinrich, G., Helenius, I., Hen, O., Hirschi, V., Höfer, M., Holguin, J., Huss, A., Ilten, P., Jadach, S., Jentsch, A., Jones, S. P., Ju, W., Kallweit, S., Karlberg, A., Katori, T., Kerner, M., Kilian, W., Kirchgaeßer, M. M., Klein, S., Knobbe, M., Krause, C., Krauss, F., Lang, J., Lang, J. -N., Lee, G., Li, S. W., Lim, M. A., Lindert, J. M., Lombardi, D., Lönnblad, L., Löschner, M., Lurkin, N., Ma, Y., Machado, P., Magerya, V., Maier, A., Majer, I., Maltoni, F., Marcoli, M., Marinelli, G., Masouminia, M. R., Mastrolia, P., Mattelaer, O., Mazzitelli, J., McFayden, J., Medves, R., Meinzinger, P., Mo, J., Monni, P. F., Montagna, G., Morgan, T., Mosel, U., Nachman, B., Nadolsky, P., Nagar, R., Nagy, Z., Napoletano, D., Nason, P., Neumann, T., Nevay, L. J., Nicrosini, O., Niehues, J., Niewczas, K., Ohl, T., Ossola, G., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Papaefstathiou, A., Paz, G., Pellen, M., Pelliccioli, G., Peraro, T., Piccinini, F., Pickering, L., Pires, J., Płaczek, W., Plätzer, S., Plehn, T., Pozzorini, S., Prestel, S., Preuss, C. T., Price, A. C., Quackenbush, S., Re, E., Reichelt, D., Reina, L., Reuschle, C., Richardson, P., Rocco, M., Rocco, N., Roda, M., Garcia, A. Rodriguez, Roiser, S., Rojo, J., Rottoli, L., Salam, G. P., Schönherr, M., Schuchmann, S., Schumann, S., Schürmann, R., Scyboz, L., Seymour, M. H., Siegert, F., Signer, A., Chahal, G. Singh, Siódmok, A., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Smillie, J. M., Sobczyk, J. T., Soldin, D., Soper, D. E., Soto-Ontoso, A., Soyez, G., Stagnitto, G., Tena-Vidal, J., Tomalak, O., Tramontano, F., Trojanowski, S., Tu, Z., Uccirati, S., Ullrich, T., Ulrich, Y., Utheim, M., Valassi, A., Verbytskyi, A., Verheyen, R., Wagman, M., Walker, D., Webber, B. R., Weinstein, L., White, O., Whitehead, J., Wiesemann, M., Wilkinson, C., Williams, C., Winterhalder, R., Wret, C., Xie, K., Yang, T-Z., Yazgan, E., Zanderighi, G., Zanoli, S., and Zapp, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments., Comment: 164 pages, 10 figures, contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

4. Signature of the Maximally Symmetric 2HDM via $W^{\pm}/Z$-Quadruplet Productions at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N. and Masouminia, M. R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We consider the Maximally Symmetric Two-Higgs Doublet Model (MS-2HDM) in which the so-called Standard Model (SM) alignment can be achieved naturally by the virtue of an SO(5) symmetry imposed on the 2HDM. We investigate the signature of the MS-2HDM via $p p \to HX \to VV^* X$ and $p p \to HHX \to VV^*V'V'^* X$ processes at the LHC for different values of $\tan \beta$. We perform our calculations with NLO QCD accuracy, using the \textsf{Herwig~7} multi-purpose event generator at $\sqrt{s}=13$~TeV center-of-mass energy. We show that the production of single SM-like Higgs bosons via $W^{\pm}/Z$-pairs is completely aligned with the SM. Interestingly, the presence of the heavy Higgs states significantly enhances the cross-section for the $W^{\pm}/Z$-quadruplet production channels in the low-$p_{\perp}$ regions. These vital analyses may aid the future discovery of this minimal and very predictive extension of the SM and can be generalised to other realisations of the 2HDM., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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5. $k_t$-factorization vs collinear factorization in $W^{+}W^{-}$ pair production at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., Masouminia, M. R., and Ostrolenk, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In this paper, we calculate the inclusive rate of $W^{+} W^{-}$ pair production through leptonic decay channels $W^+W^- \to l^+\nu_l + l^{\prime -} \nu_{l'}$ in the $k_t$-factorization framework. We also consider the exclusive $W^{+} W^{-}$ pair production through the one-loop induced $gg \to H \to W^+W^-$ channel that is important for the study of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are compared with predictions from the Herwig 7 event generator in the collinear factorization framework and with the experimental data from the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations. It will be shown that our predictions for the $W^+W^-$ boson pair production signals are in agreement with the experimental data as well as the collinear results., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2019
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6. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author: Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., Zapp K., Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., and Zapp K.
Abstract: We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.
Published: 2024

7. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author: Campbell, J. M., primary, Diefenthaler, M., additional, Hobbs, T. J., additional, Höche, Stefan, additional, Isaacson, Joshua, additional, Kling, Felix, additional, Mrenna, Stephen, additional, Reuter, J., additional, Alioli, S., additional, Andersen, J. R., additional, Andreopoulos, C., additional, Ankowski, A. M., additional, Aschenauer, Elke Caroline, additional, Ashkenazi, A., additional, Baker, M. D., additional, Barrow, Joshua L., additional, van Beekveld, Melissa, additional, Bewick, Gavin, additional, Bhattacharya, S., additional, Bierlich, Christian, additional, Bothmann, Enrico, additional, Bredt, P., additional, Broggio, A., additional, Buckley, Andy, additional, Butter, A., additional, Butterworth, Jonathan Mark, additional, Byrne, E. P., additional, Carloni-Calame, Carlo, additional, Chakraborty, Smita, additional, Chen, X., additional, Chiesa, M., additional, Childers, J. T., additional, Cruz-Martinez, J., additional, Currie, J., additional, Darvishi, N., additional, Dasgupta, M., additional, Denner, A., additional, Dreyer, F. A., additional, Dytman, S., additional, El-Menoufi, Basem Kamal, additional, Engel, Tim, additional, Ferrario Ravasio, Silvia, additional, Figueroa, Daniel, additional, Flower, L., additional, Forshaw, J. R., additional, Frederix, Rikkert, additional, Friedland, Alex, additional, Frixione, Stefano, additional, Gallagher, H., additional, Gallmeister, K., additional, Gardiner, Simon, additional, Gauld, Rhorry, additional, Gaunt, Jonathan, additional, Gavardi, A., additional, Gehrmann, T., additional, Gehrmann-De Ridder, Aude, additional, Gellersen, Leif, additional, Giele, Walter, additional, Gieseke, Stefan, additional, Giuli, Francesco, additional, Glover, E. W. N., additional, Grazzini, Massimiliano, additional, Grohsjean, A., additional, Gütschow, Christian, additional, Hamilton, Keith, additional, Han, T., additional, Hatcher, R., additional, Heinrich, G., additional, Helenius, Ilkka, additional, Hen, O., additional, Hirschi, Valentin, additional, Höfer, M., additional, Holguin, J., additional, Huss, Alexander, additional, Ilten, Philip, additional, Jadach, Stanislaw, additional, Jentsch, A., additional, Jones, S. P., additional, Ju, W., additional, Kallweit, Stefan, additional, Karlberg, Alexander, additional, Katori, T., additional, Kerner, Matthias, additional, Kilian, C., additional, Kirchgaeßer, M. M., additional, Klein, S., additional, Knobbe, Max, additional, Krause, Claudius, additional, Krauss, Frank, additional, Lang, J., additional, Lang, J.-N, additional, Lee, G., additional, Li, S. W., additional, Lim, M. A., additional, Lindert, J. M., additional, Lombardi, D., additional, Lönnblad, Leif, additional, Löschner, M., additional, Lurkin, N., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Machado, P., additional, Magerya, Vitaly, additional, Maier, A., additional, Majer, I., additional, Maltoni, Fabio, additional, Marcoli, M., additional, Marinelli, G., additional, Masouminia, M. R., additional, Mastrolia, Pierpaolo, additional, Mattelaer, Olivier, additional, Mazzitelli, J., additional, McFayden, Josh, additional, Medves, Rok, additional, Meinzinger, P., additional, Mo, J., additional, Monni, Pier Francesco, additional, Montagna, Guido, additional, Morgan, T., additional, Mosel, U., additional, Nachman, Benjamin, additional, Nadolsky, Pavel, additional, Nagar, R., additional, Nagy, Zoltan, additional, Napoletano, Davide, additional, Nason, Paolo, additional, Neumann, Tobias, additional, Nevay, L. J., additional, Nicrosini, Oreste, additional, Niehues, J., additional, Niewczas, K., additional, Ohl, Thorsten, additional, Ossola, Giovanni, additional, Pandey, V., additional, Papadopoulou, A., additional, Papaefstathiou, Andreas, additional, Paz, Gil, additional, Pellen, Mathieu, additional, Pelliccioli, Giovanni, additional, Peraro, T., additional, Piccinini, Fluvio, additional, Pickering, L., additional, Pires, J., additional, Placzek, Wieslaw, additional, Plätzer, Simon, additional, Plehn, Tilman, additional, Pozzorini, Stefano, additional, Prestel, Stefan, additional, Preuss, Christian Tobias, additional, Price, A. C., additional, Quackenbush, Seth, additional, Re, Emanuele, additional, Reichelt, Daniel, additional, Reina, Laura, additional, Reuschle, Christian, additional, Richardson, Peter, additional, Rocco, M., additional, Rocco, N., additional, Roda, M., additional, Rodriguez Garcia, A., additional, Roiser, Stefan, additional, Rojo, Juan, additional, Rottoli, Luca, additional, Salam, Gavin P., additional, Schönherr, Marek, additional, Schuchmann, S., additional, Schumann, Steffen, additional, Schürmann, Robin, additional, Scyboz, Ludovic, additional, Seymour, Michael H., additional, Siegert, Frank, additional, Signer, Adrian, additional, Chahal, Gurpreet Singh, additional, Siódmok, Andrzej, additional, Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, additional, Skands, Peter, additional, Smillie, Jennifer M., additional, Sobczyk, J. T., additional, Soldin, Dennis, additional, Soper, D. E., additional, Soto-Ontoso, Alba, additional, Soyez, Gregory, additional, Stagnitto, Giovanni, additional, Tena-Vidal, J., additional, Tomalak, O., additional, Tramontano, Francesco, additional, Trojanowski, Sebastian, additional, Tu, Z., additional, Uccirati, Sandro, additional, Ullrich, T., additional, Ulrich, Yannick, additional, Utheim, Marius, additional, Valassi, A., additional, Verbytskyi, Andrii, additional, Verheyen, Rob, additional, Wagman, M., additional, Walker, D., additional, Webber, B. R., additional, Weinstein, L., additional, White, O., additional, Whitehead, James, additional, Wiesemann, Marius, additional, Wilkinson, C., additional, Williams, C., additional, Winterhalder, Ramon, additional, Wret, C., additional, Xie, K., additional, Yang, T.-Z., additional, Yazgan, E., additional, Zanderighi, Giulia, additional, Zanoli, S., additional, and Zapp, Korinna, additional
Published: 2024
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8. QUEST-DMC superfluid 3He detector for sub-GeV dark matter.

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Jennings, A., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., and Thompson, M. D.
Abstract: The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/ c 2 -TeV/ c 2 mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid 3 He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/ c 2 . The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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9. The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

Author: Feng, JL, Feng, JL, Kling, F, Reno, MH, Rojo, J, Soldin, D, Anchordoqui, LA, Boyd, J, Ismail, A, Harland-Lang, L, Kelly, KJ, Pandey, V, Trojanowski, S, Tsai, YD, Alameddine, JM, Araki, T, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Asai, K, Bacchetta, A, Balazs, K, Barr, AJ, Battistin, M, Bian, J, Bertone, C, Bai, W, Bakhti, P, Baha Balantekin, A, Barman, B, Batell, B, Bauer, M, Bauer, B, Becker, M, Berlin, A, Bertuzzo, E, Bhattacharya, A, Bonvini, M, Boogert, ST, Boyarsky, A, Bramante, J, Brdar, V, Carmona, A, Casper, DW, Celiberto, FG, Cerutti, F, Chachamis, G, Chauhan, G, Citron, M, Copello, E, Corso, JP, Darmé, L, D'Agnolo, RT, Darvishi, N, Das, A, De Lellis, G, De Roeck, A, De Vries, J, Dembinski, HP, Demidov, S, Deniverville, P, Denton, PB, Deppisch, FF, Bhupal Dev, PS, Di Crescenzo, A, Dienes, KR, Diwan, MV, Dreiner, HK, Du, Y, Dutta, B, Duwentäster, P, Elie, L, Ellis, SAR, Enberg, R, Farzan, Y, Fieg, M, Foguel, AL, Foldenauer, P, Foroughi-Abari, S, Fortin, JF, Friedland, A, Fuchs, E, Fucilla, M, Gallmeister, K, Garcia, A, Canal, CAG, Garzelli, MV, Gauld, R, Ghosh, S, Ghoshal, A, Gibson, S, Giuli, F, Gonçalves, VP, Gorbunov, D, Goswami, S, Grau, S, Günther, JY, Guzzi, M, Haas, A, Hakulinen, T, Harris, SP, Harz, J, Feng, JL, Feng, JL, Kling, F, Reno, MH, Rojo, J, Soldin, D, Anchordoqui, LA, Boyd, J, Ismail, A, Harland-Lang, L, Kelly, KJ, Pandey, V, Trojanowski, S, Tsai, YD, Alameddine, JM, Araki, T, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Asai, K, Bacchetta, A, Balazs, K, Barr, AJ, Battistin, M, Bian, J, Bertone, C, Bai, W, Bakhti, P, Baha Balantekin, A, Barman, B, Batell, B, Bauer, M, Bauer, B, Becker, M, Berlin, A, Bertuzzo, E, Bhattacharya, A, Bonvini, M, Boogert, ST, Boyarsky, A, Bramante, J, Brdar, V, Carmona, A, Casper, DW, Celiberto, FG, Cerutti, F, Chachamis, G, Chauhan, G, Citron, M, Copello, E, Corso, JP, Darmé, L, D'Agnolo, RT, Darvishi, N, Das, A, De Lellis, G, De Roeck, A, De Vries, J, Dembinski, HP, Demidov, S, Deniverville, P, Denton, PB, Deppisch, FF, Bhupal Dev, PS, Di Crescenzo, A, Dienes, KR, Diwan, MV, Dreiner, HK, Du, Y, Dutta, B, Duwentäster, P, Elie, L, Ellis, SAR, Enberg, R, Farzan, Y, Fieg, M, Foguel, AL, Foldenauer, P, Foroughi-Abari, S, Fortin, JF, Friedland, A, Fuchs, E, Fucilla, M, Gallmeister, K, Garcia, A, Canal, CAG, Garzelli, MV, Gauld, R, Ghosh, S, Ghoshal, A, Gibson, S, Giuli, F, Gonçalves, VP, Gorbunov, D, Goswami, S, Grau, S, Günther, JY, Guzzi, M, Haas, A, Hakulinen, T, Harris, SP, and Harz, J
Abstract: High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential.
Published: 2023

10. Signature of the maximally symmetric 2HDM via W±/Z -quadruplet productions at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N. and Masouminia, M. R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology
Abstract: We consider the maximally symmetric two-Higgs doublet model (MS-2HDM) in which the so-called Standard Model (SM) alignment can be achieved naturally by the virtue of an SO(5) symmetry imposed on the 2HDM. We investigate the signature of the MS-2HDM via pp→HX→VV*X and pp→HHX→VV*V′V′*X processes at the LHC for different values of tanβ. We perform our calculations with next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy, using the herwig7 multipurpose event generator at s=13 TeV center-of-mass energy. We show that the production of single SM-like Higgs bosons via W±/Z pairs is completely aligned with the SM. Interestingly, the presence of the heavy Higgs states significantly enhances the cross section for the W±/Z-quadruplet production channels in the low-p⊥ regions. These vital analyses may aid the future discovery of this minimal and very predictive extension of the SM and can be generalized to other realizations of the 2HDM.
Published: 2021

11. A phenomenological study on the production of Higgs bosons in the cSMCS model at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., primary and Masouminia, M.R., additional
Published: 2017
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12. The Inert Doublet Model and Its Extensions

Author: Krawczyk, M., primary, Darvishi, N., additional, and Sokołowska, D., additional
Published: 2016
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13. The prevalence of psychiatric distress and associated risk factors among college students using GHQ-28 questionnaire

Author: Poorolajal, J., Ali Ghaleiha, Darvishi, N., Daryaei, S., and Panahi, S.
Subjects: Suicide, Unsafe sex, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Smoking, Original Article, lcsh:RA1-1270, Mental disorders, Substance-related disorders
Abstract: Background: Adolescent and young adults are at increased risk of psychiatric distress and serious disability. We estimated the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychiatric distress among the college students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study, from Jan to May 2016 at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Students filled out voluntarily an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, personal information, behavioral risk factors, and a validated Persian version of the GHQ-28 questionnaire, including somatic symptoms (items 1-7), anxiety/insomnia (items 8-14), social dysfunctions (items 15-21), and severe depression (items 22-28). Results: Of 1259 participants, 518 (41.1%) had psychiatric distress, 166 (13.2%) had heterosexual intercourse, 100 (8.0%) had homosexual intercourse, 204 (16.2%) were smokers (31.6% in males and 6.3% in females), 124 (9.9%) reported a history of using opium/psychedelic substances, 204 (16.2%) reported suicide thought, and 103 (8.2%) had attempted suicide at least once in the past. After adjusting odds ratio (95% CI) for age and sex, psychiatric distress were significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.67 (2.09, 3.40), heterosexual intercourse 2.56 (1.82, 3.62), homosexual intercourse 2.42 (1.57, 3.71), smoking 3.19 (2.29, 4.45), substance abuse 5.03 (3.26, 7.76), suicide thought 7.81 (5.42, 11.27), suicide attempt 5.64 (3.49, 9.12), uninterested in the discipline 2.29 (1.70, 3.07), and non-optimistic about future 2.16 (1.63, 2.86). Conclusion: A majority of college students had psychiatric distress and a substantial number of them reported one or more high-risk behaviors that if neglected, may severely impair the students' function and influence their subsequent development and productive lives.

14. Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES): Persian translation and psychometric properties.

Author: Jalali A, Naghibzadeh A, Rostami M, Ahmadi Y, Khodamorovati M, Vatandost S, Darvishi N, and Moradi K
Subjects: Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Male, Iran, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translating, Patient Participation, Power, Psychological, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Predictive Value of Tests, Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease psychology, Psychometrics
Abstract: Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global mortality and a prevalent health issue in Iran. Assessing the empowerment of CAD patients during treatment and care is essential. However, no scale is available to measure empowerment in CAD patients in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the "Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale" (CADES)., Method: This methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CAD from June 2022 to April 2023 in Kermanshah City, Iran. The scale was translated using the forward-backward translation method. Construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 190 samples and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 344 samples, both selected through convenience sampling. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method. SPSS version 27 and LISREL version 8 software were utilized for data analysis., Results: The EFA and CFA results confirmed the instrument with three factors and 25 items. The model's main indicators in factor analysis were all above 0.9, indicating a good fit for the model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the items and subscales with the main scale showed a direct and significant relationship. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.813) and test-retest reliability (0.763) confirmed the reliability of the Persian version of the CADES., Discussion: The study's results suggest that the Persian version of CADES is both practical and acceptable for evaluating the empowerment of CAD patients. This tool can be relied upon as a valid and reliable method for assessing these patients' empowerment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Written consent was obtained from the scale's developers, and the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved the study, assigning it the ethical code: IR.KUMS.REC.1401.237. All participants provided informed written consent to participate in the study. The principles of the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to, and all methods were conducted according to the applicable guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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15. Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Nursing Student Competence Scale (NSCS).

Author: Jalali A, Chavoshani F, Rasad R, Darvishi N, Fashi FM, Khodamorovati M, and Moradi K
Abstract: Introduction: The competency of a nurse in integrating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values in various healthcare areas depends on their ability to apply these elements. It is a basic indicator of performance in nursing, and its assessment is a necessity among nursing students., Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing competence tool for Iranian nursing students in 2023., Methods: This is a methodological study in which the Nursing Student Competence Scale (NSCS) was translated into Persian using the forward-backward translation method. A total of 321 nursing students were selected for construct validity by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (the first 190 nursing students) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by convenience sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the internal consistency, and the test-retest method was used to check the instrument's reliability., Results: The results of EFA and CFA confirmed the instrument with six factors and 28 items. The results showed that the fit indices of the model in CFA included (CFI = .91, NNFI = .90, goodness of fit index = .83, root mean square error of approximation = .075, standardized root mean square residual = .047). Pearson's correlation coefficient between items and subscales showed a direct and significant relationship with the main scale. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.9) and test-retest (0.88) confirmed the reliability of the Persian version of (NSCS)., Conclusion: Generally, the Persian version of the NSCS with 28 items and six factors is a valid and reliable scale. This instrument has good internal consistency, validity, and reliability, which can be used to evaluate nursing students' competence in bachelor training., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
Published: 2024
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16. Correction: The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, and Poorolajal J
Abstract: In the article titled "The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,"1 published as e00609 on June 1, 2024, in the Journal of Research in Health Sciences, corrections have been made to the author list and affiliations. The second affiliation of the first author, Nahid Darvishi, was omitted. The order of the corresponding author, Mehran Farhadi, has been changed from fourth to second. Additionally, the third author has withdrawn from the article due to personal reasons, prompting adjustments in the order of co-authors and their affiliations. These corrections have been applied to both the PDF and HTML versions of the article., (© 2024 The Author(s); Published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Published: 2024
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17. Intensive care unit dignified care: Persian translation and psychometric evaluation.

Author: Jalali A, Darvishi N, Kalhory P, Merati F, Vatandost S, and Moradi K
Subjects: Humans, Iran, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Male, Adult, Translations, Translating, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Middle Aged, Psychometrics instrumentation, Intensive Care Units
Abstract: Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 'Intensive Care Unit Dignified Care Questionnaire (IDCQ)' among Iranian nurses., Design: A methodological and psychometric study was conducted in 2022, involving nurses from six teaching hospitals in Kermanshah, Western Iran., Methods: The IDCQ was translated into Persian using a forward-backward translation method. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), employing a stratified sampling method with 455 critical care nurses. Internal consistency was gauged using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while reliability was determined through the test-retest method. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 and Lisrel version 8 software., Results: EFA and CFA validated the instrument's two-factor, 17-item structure. The CFA indicated a well-fitting model with fit indices: CFI = 0.93, NNFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.051 and SRMR = 0.046. Pearson's correlation coefficient substantiated a significant relationship between the items, subscales and the overall scale. The instrument's reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.88 and a test-retest reliability of 0.86., Conclusion: The Persian version of the IDCQ, comprising two factors and 17 items, has been validated as a reliable and applicable tool for use within the Iranian nursing community., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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18. The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, and Poorolajal J
Subjects: Humans, Social Support methods, Social Support psychology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Prevention methods, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Completed psychology, Suicide, Completed statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between social support and suicidal behaviors; however, the overall impact remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic assessment of the association between social support and suicide is necessary. Study Design: This is a systematic review study., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until March 2023 and screened reference lists for relevant studies. Epidemiological studies that investigated the associations between social support and suicidal behaviors were included. Furthermore, between-study heterogeneity was investigated using I 2 statistics. In addition, the likelihood of publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Egger tests, and a trim-and-fill analysis was conducted. The overall effect size was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model., Results: Out of the 21004 identified studies, 118 studies (involving 692266 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The analysis of data revealed a significant inverse association between social support and suicidal ideation (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.76-0.82), suicide plans (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.95), suicide attempts (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98), and suicide death (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96). Moreover, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies, but there was little concern regarding the presence of publication bias., Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides clear evidence for a significant inverse association between social support and suicidal behaviors. However, the observational nature of the included studies and the significant heterogeneity observed across studies highlight the need for further research, including prospective studies and intervention trials, to explore the complex relationship between social support and suicidal behaviors., (© 2024 The Author(s); Published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Published: 2024
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19. The global prevalence of E-cigarettes in youth: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Rahimi S, Darvishi N, Abdolmaleki A, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: Objectives: Smoking, especially cigarettes, is known as one of the most common social and health problems among people. E-cigarettes are another form of tobacco that has been an ordinary daily occurrence.Study Design: systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: Systematic searching of databases was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, MagIran, IranDoc, SID and Google search engine based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. This search was conducted by the end of May 2021. Following full-text assessments, the related data were extracted from the papers. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of methodology of the articles. Finally, study analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2) based on the random effect model., Results: Global prevalence of E-cigarette in younger individuals was 16.8 (95 % CI: 10.6-25.6) and 4.8 (95 % CI: 3-7.6) in the Ever and Current modes of E-cigarette, respectively. We also found that E-cigarettes were used more common in young boys than young girls in both Ever and Current modes. In young boys, the prevalence of E-cigarette were 18.8 (95 % CI: 8.4-36.8) and 4.9 (95 % CI: 3-8) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. In young girls, these factors were 9.9 (95 % CI: 5-18.6) and 1.6 (95 % CI: 1-3.1) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively., Conclusions: The global prevalence of e-cigarettes among young people, especially young boys, is increasing. Based on this, the prevention and management of the damage of this social phenomenon requires comprehensive global study, planning and policy., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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20. The role of problem-solving skills in the prevention of suicidal behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, Azmi-Naei B, and Poorolajal J
Subjects: Humans, Psychotherapy, Odds Ratio, Publication Bias, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted prevention & control
Abstract: Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors and elucidate the potential role of problem-solving skills in influencing the occurrence of suicidal behaviors., Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until August 16, 2023. Studies addressing the associations between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors were included. The I2 statistics were used to examine between-study heterogeneity. The Begg and Egger tests were used to determine the possibility of publication bias. Using a random-effects model, the overall effect size was presented as an odds ratio (OR) or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Of 8040 identified studies, 29 (including 974,542 participants) were eligible. Based on observational studies, problem-solving skills were found to be inversely related to suicidal ideation (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.82); suicide attempts (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89), and suicide death (OR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03). The overall score of problem-solving skills was higher in those who did not attempt suicide than those who did (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 54, 1.13). Based on randomized clinical trials, problem-solving therapy was found to reduce the risk of suicide (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.87). Furthermore, the overall risk of suicide was lower among those who received problem-solving therapy than those who did not (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.25)., Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors. However, further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Darvishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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21. The outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their predictors during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in Iran.

Author: Goodarzi A, Abdi A, Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, and Jalali R
Subjects: Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Pandemics, Iran epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epinephrine, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can negatively affect different healthcare-related outcomes. Nonetheless, there is limited information about its effects on different healthcare-related outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and their predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1253 patients who had undergone CPR in the emergency wards of teaching hospitals in the west of Iran from the beginning of the first wave to the end of the third epidemic wave of COVID-19 in Iran, between February 20, 2020, and January 20, 2021. Data were collected using the National CPR Documentation Forms developed based on the Utstein Style and routinely used for all patients with cardiac arrest (CA). The SPSS (v. 20.0) program was used to analyze the data through the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analysis., Results: Participants' age mean was 64.62 ± 17.54 years. Age mean among participants with COVID-19 was eight years more than other participants. Most participants were male (64.09%) and had at least one underlying disease (64.99%). The total rates of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and CPR-discharge survival were respectively 15.3% and 3.8% among all participants, 20.25% and 5.17% among participants without COVID-19, and 8.96% and 2.04% among participants with COVID-19. The significant predictors of ROSC were age, affliction by COVID-19, affliction by underlying diseases, baseline rhythm, delay in epinephrine administration, and epinephrine administration time interval, while the significant predictors of CPR-discharge survival were age and baseline rhythm., Conclusions: The total rates of ROSC and CPR-discharge survival were respectively 15.3% and 3.8% among all participants. The rates of ROSC and CPR to discharge survival among patients without COVID-19 are respectively 2.26 and 2.53 times more than the rates among patients with COVID-19., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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22. The Best Surgical Treatment for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Author: Almasi A, Jafari S, Solouki L, and Darvishi N
Abstract: A case with an inflamed or damaged nerve root in the cervical spine is defined as cervical radiculopathy.The purpose of the current study is to recognize the most effective surgical procedures in cervical radiculopathy subjects. All related studies were taken using PubMed searching international databases, Scopus, ISI Web of Science (WoS), and Science direct with no limit of until November 20 th , 2021. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after reviewing all randomized controlled trial studies which had the related data the researchers were looking for, they conducted meta-analysis with the seven remaining studies including eight different treatments. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran's Q and Higgins I 2 using R software for the network. In the results presented in this study, the neck disability index (NDI) changes as a result of taking cervical anterior discectomy without (ACD) and with fusion (ACDF) and ACD arthroplasty were -0.003, -1.659, and -1.656, respectively. According to the final diagram of the network, 11 comparisons were made in pairs. When each treatment group is compared with ACDF, it is shown that there was a significant mean effect among the patients who receive Mobi-C, Kineflx|C, and ADR, with mean differences of - 8.60 [CI 95% (- 12.75, - 4.45)], - 1.10 [CI 95% (- 5.22, 3.02)], and - 1.00 [CI 95% (- 7.18, 5.18)], respectively. The most effective surgical treatments for cervical radiculopathy were Mobi-c, Kineflx|C, and artificial disc replacement compared to ACDF treatment, respectively., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Advanced Biomedical Research.)
Published: 2023
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23. The Effect of IL-6 174G > C Gene Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Salari N, Bokaee S, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: IL-6 gene polymorphisms can play a role in the development or control of cancer by affecting cytokines. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancers based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. In this study, a systematic and meta-analytical review of the study data on the effect of polymorphism of IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancer (gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer) in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct Databases was extracted without any time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of eligible studies, the model of random effects was used and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated with I 2 index. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). The total number of surveyed studies in patients with colorectal cancer was 22 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88. The odds ratio of GC genotype obtained in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88 and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.92. The total number of surveyed studies in patients with gastric cancer was 12. Based on the meta-analysis results, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.74, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 1.27, and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.78. The total number of surveyed studies in esophageal cancer patients was 3 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.57, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.44, and the odds ratio of chance of CC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.99. In general, different genotypes of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene reduce the risk of gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. However, the GC genotype of this gene was associated with a 27% increased risk of gastric cancer., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
Published: 2023
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24. Prevalence of migraine in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Mohammadi P, Khodamorovati M, Vafaee K, Hemmati M, Darvishi N, and Ghasemi H
Subjects: Male, Child, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Iran epidemiology, Prevalence, Headache, Databases, Factual, Migraine Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Migraine headaches affect all ages, from childhood to old age. Migraine attacks cause significant changes in the living conditions of the sick person, including a decrease in personal, social, and occupational performance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of migraine in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis., Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the studies associated with the prevalence of migraine using the keywords: migraine, prevalence, and Iran its equivalents in international databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Iranian internal information databases, including SID and MagIran, was searched without limit until November 2022. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) was used to analyze the data. Due to the high number of studies reviewed in this systematic review, the Begg and Mazumdar test was used at a significance level of 0.1, and the corresponding Funnel plot was used to check publication bias. Also, the I2 test was used to check the heterogeneity in this study., Results: 22 records were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of migraine in the general population of Iran was 15.1% (confidence interval 95%: 10.7-20.9), and in this population, the prevalence of migraine was higher in women than in men. The prevalence of migraine based on The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 2 criteria was reportedly 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8-24.1), and with ICHD3 criteria, this value was reported as 17.1% (95% CI: 7.7-33.6). Based on a survey of 4571 children, the prevalence of migraine was reported to be 5.2% (95% CI: 1.3-18.7). Also, the prevalence of migraine in adolescents was calculated based on eight studies (n = 8820). Accordingly, 11.2% (95% CI: 5.8-20.4) of adolescents have migraines. Meanwhile, the prevalence of migraine in boys was 8.2% (95% CI: 4.8-13.7), and in girls was 8% (95% CI: 6.2-12.7)., Conclusion: As a result, the prevalence of migraine in Iran, based on population-based studies, was reported as 15.1%. The result showed a higher prevalence of migraine in the general population than in children and adolescents. It was also found that the prevalence of migraine in women is higher than in men., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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25. Retraction Note: The best drug supplement for obesitytreatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Jafari S, Darvishi N, Valipour E, Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, and Shohaimi S
Published: 2023
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26. Global prevalence of congenital anencephaly: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Fatahi B, Fatahian R, Mohammadi P, Rahmani A, Darvishi N, Keivan M, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Australia, Humans, Prevalence, Anencephaly epidemiology, Neural Tube Defects
Abstract: Background: Anencephaly is a fatal congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of brain hemispheres and cranial arch. Timely preventive measures can be taken by knowing the exact prevalence of this common neural tube defect; thus, carried out through systematic review and meta-analysis, the present study was conducted to determine the worldwide prevalence, incidence and mortality of anencephaly., Methods: Cochran's seven-step instructions were used as the guideline. Having determined the research question and inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied MagIran, SID, Science Direct, WoS, Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Moreover, the search strategy in each database included using all possible keyword combinations with the help of "AND" and "OR" operators with no time limit to 2021. The I 2 test was used to calculate study heterogeneity, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation tests were employed to assess the publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: In this study, the statements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) were used. In the first stage, 1141 articles were found, of which 330 duplicate studies were omitted. 371 articles were deleted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria by reviewing the title and abstract of the study. 58 articles were removed by reviewing the full text of the article because it was not relevant to the research. 360 studies with a sample size of 207,639,132 people were considered for the meta-analysis. Overall estimate of the prevalence, incidence and attenuation of anencephaly worldwide were 5.1 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5 per ten thousand births), 8.3 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 5.5-9.9 per ten thousand births), 5.5 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 1.8-15 per ten thousand births) respectively the highest of which according to the subgroup analysis, belonged to the Australian continent with 8.6 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 7.7-9.5 per ten thousand births)., Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anencephaly in the world is significant, indicating the urgent need for preventive and treating measures., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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27. Global prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Author: Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Akbari H, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: Background: Polypharmacy has traditionally been defined in various texts as the use of 5 or more chronic drugs, the use of inappropriate drugs, or drugs that are not clinically authorized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients, and the side effects, by systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: This study was performed by systematic review method and in accordance with PRISMA 2020 criteria. The protocol in this work is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281552). Particular databases and repositories have been searched to identify and select relevant studies. The quality of articles was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. Heterogeneity of the studies was measured using the I 2 test., Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of polypharmacy in 14 studies with a sample size of 189,870 patients with COVID-19 is 34.6% (95% CI: 29.6-40). Studies have shown that polypharmacy is associated with side effects, increased morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. The results of meta-regression analysis reported that with increasing age of COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of polypharmacy increases (p < 0.05)., Discussion: The most important strength of this study is the updated search to June 2022 and the use of all databases to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of the study. The most important limitation of this study is the lack of proper definition of polypharmacy in some studies and not mentioning the number of drugs used for patients in these studies., Conclusion: Polypharmacy is seen in many patients with COVID-19. Since there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, the multiplicity of drugs used to treat this disease can affect the severity of the disease and its side effects as a result of drug interactions. This highlights the importance of controlling and managing prescription drugs for patients with COVID-19., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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28. Global prevalence of falls in the older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Ahmadipanah M, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Aged, Databases, Factual, Humans, Prevalence, Activities of Daily Living
Abstract: Background: With increasing life expectancy, declining mortality, and birth rates, the world's geriatric population is increasing. Falls in the older people are one of the most common and serious problems. Injuries from falls can be fatal or non-fatal and physical or psychological, leading to a reduction in the ability to perform activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of falls in the older people through systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the data from studies on the prevalence of falls in the older people in the world were extracted in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Science Direct, and Google Scholar, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) without any time limit until August 2020. To analyze the eligible studies, the stochastic effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies with the I 2 index was investigated. Data analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: In the review of 104 studies with a total sample size of 36,740,590, the prevalence of falls in the older people of the world was 26.5% (95% CI 23.4-29.8%). The highest rate of prevalence of falls in the older people was related to Oceania with 34.4% (95% CI 29.2-40%) and America with 27.9% (95% CI 22.4-34.2%). The results of meta-regression indicated a decreasing trend in the prevalence of falls in the older people of the world by increasing the sample size and increasing the research year (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The problem of falls, as a common problem with harmful consequences, needs to be seriously considered by policymakers and health care providers to make appropriate plans for preventive interventions to reduce the rate of falls in the older people., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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29. Correction to: The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Jafari S, Darvishi N, Valipour E, Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, and Shohaimi S
Published: 2022
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30. Relationship of religion with suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death: a meta-analysis.

Author: Poorolajal J, Goudarzi M, Gohari-Ensaf F, and Darvishi N
Subjects: Humans, Religion, Odds Ratio, Suicide Prevention, Suicide, Attempted, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract: Background: Suicide is a significant public health problem and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The effect of religion on suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation, plan, attempt, and death) is an important issue worthy of consideration., Methods: Major electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched for the articles published until 26 April 2021. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between religion and suicidal behaviors were also examined. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2, τ2, and I2 statistics. The probability of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests, as well as trim-and-fill analysis. The effect size was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model., Results: Out of 11 389 identified studies, 63 articles were eligible, involving 8,053,697 participants. There was an inverse association between religion and suicidal ideation OR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.88; P < 0.001), suicidal plan OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.04; P = 0.200), suicide attempt OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.89; P < 0.001), and completed suicide OR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.72; P = 0.006). There was a no evidence of publication bias., Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis support the notion that religion can play a protective role against suicidal behaviors. Nonetheless, the effect of religion on suicidal behaviors varies across countries with different religions and cultures. Although this association does not necessarily imply causation, an awareness of the relationship between religion and suicide risk can be of great help in suicide prevention policies and programs.
Published: 2022
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31. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, Larti M, Kiaei A, Hemmati M, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Aged, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Osteoporosis diagnosis, Osteoporosis epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone system diseases that is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and causes many complications for patients. With age, the prevalence of this disease increases so that it has become a serious problem among the elders. In this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis among elders around the world is examined to gain an understanding of its prevalence pattern., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on prevalence of osteoporosis in the world's elders were searched with these key words, such as Prevalence, Osteoporosis, Elders, Older adult in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar search engine, and extracted without time limit until March 2020 and transferred to information management software (EndNote). Then, duplicate studies were eliminated and the remaining studies were evaluated in terms of screening, competence and qualitative evaluation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) and Begg and Mazumdar test was used to check the publication bias and I 2 test was used to check the heterogeneity., Results: In a review of 40 studies (31 studies related to Asia, 5 studies related to Europe and 4 studies related to America) with a total sample size of 79,127 people, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders of the world; 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 18.8-25%) and the overall prevalence of osteoporosis in older men and women in the world, 35.3% (95% confidence interval: 27.9-43.4%), 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 9.3-16.7%) was reported. Also, the highest prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders was reported in Asia with; 24.3% (95% confidence interval: 20.9-28.1%)., Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders and especially elders' women is very high. Osteoporosis was once thought to be an inseparable part of elders' lives. Nowadays, Osteoporosis can be prevented due to significant scientific advances in its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Regarding the growing number of elderly people in the world, it is necessary for health policy-makers to think of measures to prevent and treat osteoporosis among the elders., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2021
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32. The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Jafari S, Darvishi N, Valipour E, Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, and Shohaimi S
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a complex disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. There are different weight-management options for obesity treatment, including dietary control, exercise, surgery, and medication. Medications are always associated with different responses from different people. More safety and efficacy of drugs with fewer side effects are valuable for any clinical condition. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, different anti-obesity drugs are compared to identify the most effective drug., Methods: All relevant studies were extracted by searching national and international databases of SID, MagIran, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar without time limit until October 2020. Finally, the meta-analysis was performed with the 11 remaining studies containing 14 different drug supplements. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the effects of each treatment group compared with placebo. A random-effect model was used to evaluate the effect of individual studies on the final result. Heterogeneity and incompatibility of the network were assessed by Cochran's Q and Higgins I 2 , and the Net Heat chart, respectively. Data analysis was performed using R software., Results: Our results showed that there were significant mean effects in people intervened with Phentermine 15.0 mg + Topiramate 92.0 mg, Phentermine 7.5 mg + Topiramate 46.0 mg, Pramlintide, Naltrexone + Bupropion 32, and Liraglutide, with SMD effects size = - 9.1, - 7.4, - 6.5, - 5.9, - 5.35, respectively., Conclusion: This study was performed to compare the effect of different drugs used for weight loss in obese patients. The most effective drugs for weight loss were phentermine and topiramate, pramlintide, naltrexone, bupropion, and liraglutide compared to placebo treatment, respectively. This study provides new insights into anti-obesity drugs and hopes to shed new light on future research to manage and treat obesity., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2021
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33. CRISPR- mediated Mutation in Cinnamoyl- CoA Reductase 4 in Allohexaploid Oilseed Crop Camelina sativa , Revealed its Pivotal Role in Resistance Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum .

Author: Darvishi N, Alavi SM, and Hijazi M
Abstract: Background: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ( Ss ) is a broad host range necrotrophic ascomycete fungus affecting over 400 plant species. Ss causes stem rot disease on Camelina sativa (Cs) an allohexaploid crucifer species that is promoted as a low input crop and industrial oil attributes suitable as biofuel and lubricant. Histochemical and molecular studies has linked resistance to Ss in C. sativa with the cell wall lignification (Eynck et al., 2012) and reported constitutive expression of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase 4 ( CsCCR4 ) gene, in the Cs resistant line CN114263. Modern breeding efforts, such as gene editing, are needed to improve commercial lines and to limit the risk of crop loss which would be substantial to producers., Objectives: To investigate the importance of monolignol biosynthesis and the role of CsCCR4 in Camelina resistance to Ss we generated CsCCR4 knockout mutants of CN114263 Camelina line using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing., Materials and Methods: Thirty T1 plants were produced via floral dip transformation followed by glyphosate spraying that was used in the first step of screening procedures and were confirmed by PCR method. Transgene's T-DNA copy number variation, T-DNA CNV, in T1 and T2 progenitors were determined using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and the occurrence of mutation in the three copies of CsCCR4 homeologues in T1 and T2 generations were scrutinized by drop-off assay technique. To make sure that if the created mutants in T2 plants are real, TOPO TA sequencing flanking the Cas9/gRNA specific hot point of cleavage for three of them was conducted., Results: In the T1 generation, 25 plants were confirmed which had between one to nine T-DNA copies in the corresponding Camelina genome. In T2 generation the population were screened for potential mutation in CsCCR4 gene. Various types of mutations, including insertions and deletions, were demonstrated in three copies of CsCCR4 . In fact, CRISPR system could have cut one, two or three copies of the gene in events numbered T2-plant 10, T2-plant 15 and T2-plant 19, respectively. The T3-plant 19 which showed mutation in all versions of CsCCR4 in previous generation had susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum invasion and was kept as real csccr4 mutant material for further investigations of Camelina-Sclerotinia interaction. Mutation in CsCCR4 had occurred through error-prone none- homologous end joining (NHEJ) nucleus DNA repair pathway. Ss challenge on the early flowering T3 generation. The T3 plants with mutation causing premature stop codon at position 217 of CsCCR4 were compromised in their resistance to Ss compared to the wildtype resistant control parent CN114263., Conclusion: Using ddPCR it easily was possible to identify both the T-DNA CNV and occurrence of mutation in CsCCR4 homeologues in T1 and T2 progenitors. We illustrated that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation is a decent technique that can be utilized to expedite the mutant line development which could assist to figure out the activity of a CsCCR4 gene in defense responses to the pathogens in C. sativa as prospective oilseed crop for biodiesel production., (Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Iranian Journal of Biotechnology.)
Published: 2021
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34. Genomic and proteomic comparisons of bacteriocins in probiotic species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and inhibitory ability of Escherichia coli MG 1655.

Author: Darvishi N, Fard NA, and Sadrnia M
Abstract: Bacteriocins are a large family of bacterial peptides or proteins, ribosomally synthesized with antimicrobial activity against other bacteria. We investigated and compared the genomes and proteomes of 12 Bifidobacterium and 46 Lactobacillus species for bacteriocins using NCBI-Genome, UniProt-Proteome, Bactibase, and BAGL4 databases. Selected Lactobacillus species were examined for bile salt resistance, acid and pH resistance, pepsin and trypsin enzyme resistance, and antibiotic resistance. Also, the antimicrobial activity of selected Lactobacillus species was evaluated against E. coli MG 1655. Results showed that Lactobacillus species have more diversity and abundance of bacteriocin compared to Bifidobacterium species. Notably , L. sakei, L. plamtarum, L. reuteri, L. fermentum, and L. casei had the highest pathogen inhibition; respectively. Therefore, a combination of these Lactobacillus species can be suggested as a biochemical and safe solution to control gastrointestinal pathogens and suitable alternatives to antibiotics and chemicals in food technology., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2021
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35. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Mansouri K, Ghasemi H, Hosseinian-Far M, Darvishi F, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Humans, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease genetics, Prognosis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lipase genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder that is known to be the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver., Methods: Following a systematic review and meta-analysis method, articles without any time limitation, were extracted from SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and ScienceDirect international databases. Random effects model was used for analysis, and heterogeneity of studies was investigated considering the I 2 index and using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software., Results: The odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver demonstrates the protective effect of CC genotype with the ratio of 0.52, whereas CG genotype presents an increasing effect of CG genotype with the ratio of 0.19, and GG genotype also showed an increasing effect of GG genotype with the ratio of 1.05. Moreover, CG + GG genotypes as a single group demostrated an odds rartio of 0.88., Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights that people with CC genotype has 52% lower chance of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and those with CG genotype had 19% higher risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver. Those with GG genotype were 105% more likely to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver than others. Moreover, those present in a population with CG + GG genotypes were 88% more likely to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Published: 2021
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36. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Khaledi-Paveh B, Vaisi-Raygani A, Jalali R, Daneshkhah A, Bartina Y, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Sleep disorders, which are among the foremost important medical care issues, are prevalent in pregnancy. The present study is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aims to systematically review the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy through conducting a meta-analysis., Method: The literature used in this meta-analysis for the topic discussed above were obtained through searching several databases, including SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed Science Direct and Google Scholar databases without time limitation until December 2020. Articles developed based on cross-sectional studies were included in the study. The heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I 2 index. Also, the possible effects of heterogeneity in the studied studies are investigated using meta-regression analysis., Result: In 10 articles and 8798 participants aged between11-40, the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy based on meta-analysis was 42.4% (95% CI: 32.9-52.5%). It was reported that as the sample size increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy increases. Conversely, as the year of research increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy decreases. Both of these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Insomnia was highly prevalent in the last trimester of pregnancy. Sleep disorders are neglected among pregnant women, and they are considered natural. While sleep disturbances can cause mental and physical problems in pregnant women, they can consequently cause problems for the fetus. As a result, maintaining the physical and mental health of pregnant mothers is very important. It is thus recommended that in addition to having regular visits during pregnancy, pregnant women should also be continuously monitored for sleep-related disorders.
Published: 2021
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37. Correction: Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, Haghtalab T, and Poorolajal J
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126870.].
Published: 2020
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38. Association of HDAC8 Expression with Pathological Findings in Triple Negative and Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis.

Author: Menbari MN, Rahimi K, Ahmadi A, Mohammadi-Yegane S, Elyasi A, Darvishi N, Hosseini V, and Abdi M
Subjects: Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms enzymology, Histone Deacetylases metabolism, Repressor Proteins metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Background: Previous data have shown the tumorigenicity roles of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC 8) in breast cancer. More recently, the oncogenic effects of this molecule have been revealed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of HDAC8 for the differentiation of TNBC from nTNBC tumors., Methods: A total of 50 cancerous and normal adjacent tumor specimens were obtained, and the clinical and pathological findings of studied subjects were recorded. The expression of HDAC8 gene was determined by qRT-PCR. Also, immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue samples., Results: Our results showed that the expression of HDAC8 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than the normal adjacent tissues (p = 0.0011). HDAC8 expression was also observed to be higher in TNBC patients than nTNBC group (p = 0.0013). In addition, in the TNBC group, there was a significant association between the HDAC8 overexpression and tumor characteristics, including tumor size (p = 0.039), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.01), tumor grade (p = 0.02), and perineural invasion (p < 0.05). The cut-off value was fixed at 0.6279 r.u., and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were found to be 73.91% and 70.37%, respectively., Conclusion: According to the findings, among the other markers, HDAC8 oncogene may be used as a potential tumor marker in the diagnosis of TNBC tumors.
Published: 2020
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39. The prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-ekbom disease (RLS/WED) in the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review.

Author: Darvishi N, Daneshkhah A, Khaledi-Paveh B, Vaisi-Raygani A, Mohammadi M, Salari N, Darvishi F, Abdi A, and Jalali R
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prevalence, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Restless Legs Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract: Background: RLS is known as one of the most common movement disorders during pregnancy, which is most aggravated in the third trimester of pregnancy and can affect up to one-third of pregnant women. This study intends to determine the total prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy through a systematic review., Methods: The present study was conducted via meta-analysis method up to 2019. The papers related to the subject of interest were obtained through searching in SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined via I 2 index, and the data were analyzed in Comprehensive meta-analysis software., Results: In investigating 10 papers capturing 2431 subjects within the age range of 25-39 years, the total prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy based on meta-analysis was obtained as 22.9% (95% CI: 14.7-33.8%). Further, as the sample size increased, the RLS prevalence diminished, while with increase in years, this prevalence increased, where this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy is high, healthcare policymakers should organize educational classes to improve the life dimensions among this group of pregnant women.
Published: 2020
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40. The Prevalence of Psychiatric Distress and Associated Risk Factors among College Students Using GHQ-28 Questionnaire.

Author: Poorolajal J, Ghaleiha A, Darvishi N, Daryaei S, and Panahi S
Abstract: Background: Adolescent and young adults are at increased risk of psychiatric distress and serious disability. We estimated the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychiatric distress among the college students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study, from Jan to May 2016 at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Students filled out voluntarily an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, personal information, behavioral risk factors, and a validated Persian version of the GHQ-28 questionnaire, including somatic symptoms (items 1-7), anxiety/insomnia (items 8-14), social dysfunctions (items 15-21), and severe depression (items 22-28)., Results: Of 1259 participants, 518 (41.1%) had psychiatric distress, 166 (13.2%) had heterosexual intercourse, 100 (8.0%) had homosexual intercourse, 204 (16.2%) were smokers (31.6% in males and 6.3% in females), 124 (9.9%) reported a history of using opium/psychedelic substances, 204 (16.2%) reported suicide thought, and 103 (8.2%) had attempted suicide at least once in the past. After adjusting odds ratio (95% CI) for age and sex, psychiatric distress were significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.67 (2.09, 3.40), heterosexual intercourse 2.56 (1.82, 3.62), homosexual intercourse 2.42 (1.57, 3.71), smoking 3.19 (2.29, 4.45), substance abuse 5.03 (3.26, 7.76), suicide thought 7.81 (5.42, 11.27), suicide attempt 5.64 (3.49, 9.12), uninterested in the discipline 2.29 (1.70, 3.07), and non-optimistic about future 2.16 (1.63, 2.86)., Conclusion: A majority of college students had psychiatric distress and a substantial number of them reported one or more high-risk behaviors that if neglected, may severely impair the students' function and influence their subsequent development and productive lives., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Published: 2017

41. Substance use disorder and risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death: a meta-analysis.

Author: Poorolajal J, Haghtalab T, Farhadi M, and Darvishi N
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Suicide psychology, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Young Adult, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: This meta-analysis addressed the association between substance use disorder (SUD) and suicide outcomes based on current evidence., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus until May 2015. We also searched the reference lists of included studies and Psycinfo website. We included observational (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between SUD and suicide. Our outcomes of interest were suicide ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death. For each outcome, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on the random-effects model., Results: We identified a total of 12 413 references and included 43 studies with 870 967 participants. There was a significant association between SUD and suicidal ideation: OR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.59, 2.50; I 2 = 88.8%, 16 studies); suicide attempt OR 2.49 (95% CI: 2.00, 2.98; I 2 = 94.3%, 24 studies) and suicide death OR 1.49 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.00; I 2 = 82.7%, 7 studies)., Conclusions: Based on current evidence, there is a strong association between SUD and suicide outcomes. However, evidence based on long-term prospective cohort studies is limited and needs further investigation. Moreover, further evidence is required to assess and compare the association between suicide outcomes and different types of illicit drugs, dose-response relationship and the way they are used., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2016
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42. Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis.

Author: Poorolajal J and Darvishi N
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Odds Ratio, Research Design, Risk, Young Adult, Smoking epidemiology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted
Abstract: Background: Many studies have reported a positive association between smoking and suicide, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the association between smoking and suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death., Methods: Major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched until May 2015. The reference lists of included studies were screened too. Epidemiological studies addressing the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was explored by Q-test and I2 statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests and Trim & Fill analysis. The results were reported based on risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model., Results: We identified a total of 8062 references and included 63 studies with 8,063,634 participants. Compared to nonsmokers, the current smokers were at higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.58; 8 studies; I2 = 80.8%; P<0.001), suicide plan (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.69, 3.02; 6 studies; I2 = 85.2%; P<0.001), suicide attempt (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.19; 5 studies; I2 = 89.6%; (P<0.001), and suicide death (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.02; 14 studies; I2 = 49.7%; P = 0.018)., Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that smoking is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. Therefore, smoking is a contributing factor for suicide. Although this association does not imply causation, however, smoking prevention and cessation should be the target of suicide prevention programs.
Published: 2016
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43. Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: a meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, Haghtalab T, and Poorolajal J
Subjects: Alcohol-Related Disorders complications, Female, Humans, Male, Publication Bias, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Ethanol adverse effects, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: Several original studies have investigated the effect of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on suicidal thought and behavior, but there are serious discrepancies across the studies. Thus, a systematic assessment of the association between AUD and suicide is required., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2015. We also searched the Psycinfo web site and journals and contacted authors. We included observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between AUD and suicide. The exposure of interest was AUD. The primary outcomes were suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. We assessed heterogeneity using Q-test and I2 statistic. We explored publication bias using the Egger's and Begg's tests and funnel plot. We meta-analyzed the data with the random-effects models. For each outcome we calculated the overall odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: We included 31 out of 8548 retrieved studies, with 420,732 participants. There was a significant association between AUD and suicidal ideation (OR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.35), suicide attempt (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 2.45, 3.81); and completed suicide (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.95, 3.23 and RR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.21). There was a significant heterogeneity among the studies, but little concern to the presence of publication bias., Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that AUD significantly increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. Therefore, AUD can be considered an important predictor of suicide and a great source of premature death.
Published: 2015
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44. The evaluation of iron deficiency and anemia in male blood donors with other related factors.

Author: Yousefinejad V, Darvishi N, Arabzadeh M, Soori M, Magsudlu M, and Shafiayan M
Abstract: Aims and Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide and blood donation may cause iron depletion. Limited studies with large sample size have been done on male donors. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among male donors in the Kurdistan Organization of Blood Transfusion in Iran., Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Sample size was 1184 blood donors selected by systematic random sampling. Hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron banding capacity (TIBC) and transferin saturation were measured in donors. Iron depletion, lack of iron stores, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia and anemia were evaluated among them. Data was analyzed with SPSS software and X(2), one-way ANOVA, and LSD test., Results: Iron deficiency, anemia, iron deficiency anemia, iron depletion and lack of iron resources were seen in 2.3, 4.08, 2.14, 22.76 and 4.66 percent respectively. There was a significant relationship of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia with instances of donation and interval from last donation (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was seen between iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among blood donors with more than ten times blood donation (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: This study showed regular male donors require especial attention. Therefore, serum ferritin is recommended as a more adequate index to use for iron deficiency screening and planning purposes for iron supplementation among them.
Published: 2010
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