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Objetive: To analyze risk factors and course of acute ischemic stroke (IS) based on hospital register data., Material and Methods: Ninety-seven patients (38 women and 59 men, mean age 65.4±12.8 and 61.2±18.8 years, respectively) with acute IS admitted in 2016 to the Clinical hospital of Makhachkala were examined. Medical history and severity of neurological deficit (the British Medical Council Scale, The Glasgow Coma Scale, MMSE) were assessed., Results: The severity of neurological deficit was comparable in men and women though cognitive impairment was more frequent in women (p<0.05). At admission, symptoms of inflammation and hyper coagulation were more frequently identified in women (p<0.05). The high prevalence of chronic cerebral ischemia preceding IS, insufficient efficacy of preventive treatment and late hospitalization were noted., Conclusion: The results should be confirmed in a large-scale long-term study. They can be used to improve quality of medical care of patients with IS.

Results of the first epidemiologic survey of cerebral stroke in the Dagestan Republic (DR) carried out in 2009--2010 are presented. Using a population register, we evaluated the dynamics of the morbidity rate of stroke and effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention of stroke. There were 7533 cases of stroke, including 4116 in 2009 and 3413 in 2010. The morbidity rate per 1000 people was 2.76 in 2009 and 2.29 in 2010. The diagnoses were distributed as follows: ischemic stroke 3029 (73.6%) in 2009 and 2457 (72%) in 2010; hemorrhagic stroke -- 760 (18.5%) in 2009 and 692 (20.3%) in 2010; undifferentiated -- 327 (7.9%) in 2009 and 264 (7.7%) in 2010. Mean age at disease onset was 65.41±11.4 in 2009 and 66.43+12.6 in 2010. The measures for primary and secondary prevention of stroke performed in DR led to the reduction of stroke cases by 17% in 2010 compared to 2009.

The results of the clinical and epidemiological study of epilepsy in the Soviet region of Makhachkala city and the Khasavurt region of the Dagestan Republic are presented. The sample size was 139.115 in the Soviet region and 101.278 in the Khasavurt region, The samples included 344 and 338 patients with epilepsy, respectively. The age- and sex- standardized prevalence of epilepsy was 2.06 (CI95% 1.80-2.32) cases per 1000 population in the Soviet region and 2.98 (CI95% 2.60-3.35) cases per 1000 population in the Khasavurt region (p=0.05). The prevalence of epilepsy was higher in men. Focal (location-related) forms of epilepsy were most frequent, with the highest frequency of partial seizures with secondary generalization. Cranial-brain injury, intra- and perinatal pathology and cerebral vascular diseases were the main causes of the development of focal epilepsies. Seizure frequency greater than 12 per year was noted in more than a half of patients. The study of social aspects showed that only small portion of patients worked, most of patients received disability pensions. Differences in the education level were identified as well.

Results of the first epidemiologic survey of cerebral stroke in Dagestan carried out in 2009 using a method of population register are presented. Arterial hypertension was on the first place (98.5%) among risk factors. Other risk factors were determined as follows: cardiac diseases (24.2%), cardiac fibrillation (14.5%), lipid profile dysfunction (10.6%), smoking (8.7%), diabetes mellitus (8.6%), stress (7.5%), history of myocardial infarction (3.6%).

Aim: To assess genetic diversity and genetic distances among isolated populations from Dagestan., Methods: A cross-population genetic epidemiology design was applied in ethnically and demographically diverse isolates from Dagestan, some with more than 200 and some with less than 100 generations of demographical history since their founding., Results: The analysis of genetic diversity showed that Dagestan ethnic populations are clearly close to European ethnic populations. The genetic data support the view of them as ancient, highly isolated populations 85%-97% the rate of the endogamy and inbreeding coefficient F=0.010-0.015. Many Dagestan populations have very high prevalence of certain complex diseases such as cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, schizophrenia, mental retardation, and progressive muscular dystrophy. Lifetime morbid risk for schizophrenia in the isolates varied from 0 to 5%. Among the relatives, the number of men with chronic schizophrenia was at least twice as high as women. The average age of onset of schizophrenia was 21.2 years for offspring of consanguineous marriages and 17.4 years for offspring of non-consanguineous marriages (P=0.033)., Conclusion: The results support the hypothesis that cross-population design provides unique opportunities for observing reliable ancestral haplotypes with disease predisposing loci, as well as population-specific linked loci.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The prevalence in blood donors in the USA and West Europe is around 0.3%. However, there are few studies performed in East Europe. We have studied the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors associated with it in the Russian Republic of Daghestan., Population and Methods: We included 10,682 volunteer blood donors, 267 commercial blood donors, 97 high risk patients (22 haemophiliacs, 41 in haemodialysis program and 34 parenteral drug addicts), and 87 patients with chronic liver disease (61 chronic hepatitis, 20 cirrhosis and 6 hepatocellular carcinoma). Antibodies against HCV were detected by second generation ELISA., Results: 0.93% of volunteer blood donors were found to be HCV reactive. Factors with stronger association with seropositivity were previous blood transfusion and parenteral drug addiction. 66% of seropositive blood donors had an elevated level of ALT. Alcohol use correlated with more marked deterioration in liver function tests. 7.5% of commercial blood donors were seropositive. Prevalence in high risk patients and in patients with chronic liver disease was very high (50-80% and 40-50%, respectively)., Conclusion: The Russian Republic of Daghestan has one of the lowest rates of HCV infection in East Europe. Commercial blood donors have a very high prevalence of HCV infection. The risk factors associated with HCV infection are similar to those found in other epidemiological studies.