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The honeycomb sandwich structure reflector panel is a multilayer structure formed by three-layer aluminum plate and two-layer honeycomb bonded by epoxy resin adhesive, and its thermal deformation behavior is complicated. In this study, the thermal deformation behavior of the reflector panel is studied by a combination of experiment and finite element simulation. Firstly, the thermal deformation analysis finite element model of reflector panels with honeycomb sandwich structure is established. The three-layer aluminum plate is modeled according to actual geometric parameters and adopts shell element model. The honeycomb core is equivalent to a homogeneous orthotropic layer with a constant thickness. The elastic modulus of the equivalent model of the honeycomb core with adhesive are obtained through the tensile and compressive mechanical performance tests. Then, the temperature deformation experiment of the honeycomb sandwich structure panel is carried out. Combined with the experimental results and the thermal deformation simulation analysis model, the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to modify the thermal expansion coefficient of the honeycomb core layer. Finally, the thermal deformation behavior of the reflector is verified by finite element simulation and experiment. The results show that the profile error distribution caused by the panel thermal deformation has continuous symmetry. From the error distribution trend and numerical deviation, the established simulation model can be used to predict the thermal deformation of sandwich panels.

To study anisotropic hydrogen segregation and diffusion in nickel polycrystalline, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) are integrated to investigate hydrogen distribution around grain boundaries. Hydrogen distribution in pre-charged samples were correlated with grain boundary character by integrating high-resolution grain microstructure from EBSD inverse pole figure map and low-resolution hydrogen concentration profile map from SIMS. This multimodal imaging instrumentation shows that grain boundaries in nickel can be categorized into two families based on behavior of hydrogen distribution crossing grain boundary: the first one includes random grain boundaries with fast hydrogen diffusivity, showing a sharp gap for hydrogen concentration profile cross the grain boundaries The second family are special Σ3n grain boundaries with low hydrogen diffusivity, showing a smooth gradient of hydrogen concentration cross the grain boundary. Heterogeneous hydrogen distributions due to grain boundary family revealed by SIMS/EBSD on mesoscale further validate the recent hydrogen permeation data and anisotropic ab-initio calculations in nanoscale. The results highlight the fact that grain boundaries character impacts hydrogen distribution significantly.

RNA-seq data and miRNA-seq data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were analyzed to identify critical long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and disclose molecular pathogenesis.RNA-seq data and miRNA-seq data were downloaded from TCGA. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and microRNAs (DEMs) were revealed by two sample t-test. |Fold change|2 and p-value0.01 were set as the cutoffs. Univariate Cox regression was performed to disclose prognostic lncRNAs. Information about miRNA-lncRNA interactions and miRNA-mRNA interactions were acquired from miRcode and miRTarBase, respectively. A miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network was then constructed, from which regulatory modules were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with DAVID.A total of 57 DELs and 118 DEMs were identified from 507 LUAD compared with 19 normal samples. Three DELs, including MEG3, MIAT and MIR4697HG, were associated with clinical features, while nine DELs (LINC00115, LINC00265, LINC01001, LINC01002, MIR22HG, NFYC-AS1, SNHG10, THUMPD3-AS1 and TMPO-AS1) were revealed to be prognostic biomarkers. A regulatory network including 61 miRNA-lncRNA interactions and 304 miRNA-mRNA interactions was constructed, from which 19 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules were identified. Among the modules, MEG3 and MIAT may play important roles in the development of LUAD by interactions with miR-106 which then regulated the MAPK9 to involve in MAPK signaling pathways. LINC00115 might interact with miR-7 to regulate FGF2 to participate in pathways in cancer.MEG3, MIAT, LINC00115 may be underlying therapeutic targets for LUAD functioning as ceRNAs for regulation of miRNA-mRNA.

Because the braking performance of automobile has close relationship to traffic safety, it is important to detect that. Focusing on the problem that the real time speed is difficult to obtain in detection process, soft sensing technique is introduced in this paper. According to analyzing the relationship of the dynamics equation of a moving automobile, a module of real time speed of braking is set up. By using imitation method with experiment data to get the pressure function of cylinder and analyzing the relationship between the trigging moment of a wheel and the pressure function of brake cylinder, the real time speed is confirmed in good precision. The maximal measurement error of real time speed is 8.7% and the precision can satisfy engineering request.

Severe sepsis after trauma still associated with a high mortality rate in intensive care units (ICU). In this study we aimed to identify genes related to multiple trauma complicated by severe sepsis.The gene expression profile dataset GSE12624 including 36 samples of traumatic patients not complicated by sepsis and 34 traumatic patients complicated by sepsis was downloaded from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. The limma package in R was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two groups of samples. All the DEGs were divided into up- and down-regulation groups according to the changes of their expression value, which were then subjected to GO enrichment analysis. Two genes with largest changes among the up- and down-regulation groups were selected. Interaction networks based on these two genes were constructed using HitPredict software and then pathway enrichment analysis for the networks were performed by WebGestalt software.A total of 21 up-regulated genes and 37 down-regulated genes were obtained, which were mainly related to GO terms "endopeptidase inhibitor activity" and "response to wounding", respectively. The |logFC| of genes PLAU (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and MMP8 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) ranked first in down-regulated or up-regulated list. There were 18 genes which can interact with PLAU at a high degree of confidence while there were 5 genes with MMP8. Further analysis showed that PLAU was closely associated with the pathway "complement and coagulation cascades".PLAU and MMP8 may act as potential targets for diagnosis and therapy of trauma complicated by sepsis.

The formulation of quercetin nanoliposomes (QUE-NLs) has been shown to enhance QUE antitumor activity in C6 glioma cells. At high concentrations, QUE-NLs induce necrotic cell death. In this study, we probed the molecular mechanisms of QUE-NL-induced C6 glioma cell death and examined whether QUE-NL-induced programmed cell death involved Bcl-2 family and mitochondrial pathway through STAT3 signal transduction pathway. Downregulation of Bcl-2 and the overexpression of Bax by QUE-NL supported the involvement of Bcl-2 family proteins upstream of C6 glioma cell death. In addition, the activation of JAK2 and STAT3 were altered following exposure to QUE-NLs in C6 glioma cells, suggesting that QUE-NLs downregulated Bcl-2 mRNAs expression and enhanced the expression of mitochondrial mRNAs through STAT3-mediated signaling pathways either via direct or indirect mechanisms. There are several components such as ROS, mitochondrial, and Bcl-2 family shared by the necrotic and apoptotic pathways. Our studies indicate that the signaling cross point of the mitochondrial pathway and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in C6 glioma cell death is modulated by QUE-NLs. In conclusion, regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway agonists alone or in combination with treatment by QUE-NLs could be a more effective method of treating chemical-resistant glioma.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 recently has been identified as a potent glucose regulator with potential to become a therapeutic approach for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism of glucose regulation by the molecule is not fully understood. The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of FGF-21 on glucose uptake and its molecular mechanism. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pre-adipocytes were used to study the correlation between glucose uptake stimulated by FGF-21 and glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 expression and translocation. The cells were stimulated by FGF-21, insulin or combination of both, and the glucose consumption of the cells was detected by the method of glucose oxidizes/peroxides (GOD-POD); the mRNA expression of GLUT1 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers; GLUT1 translocation was examined by Immuno-fluorescence. The results showed that FGF-21 dramatically stimulated glucose uptake by differentiated adipocytes, but that it had no effect on pre-adipocytes. Effects on GLUT1 expression and regulation likely contributed to this effect, since GLUT1 was expressed and translocated to the cell membrane of the adipocytes upon stimulation by FGF-21. In addition, FGF-21 had a synergistic effect with insulin on glucose uptake by adipocytes, further suggesting that the effect with FGF-21 was not mediated via GLUT4. This study provides evidence for stimulation of GLUT1-, mediated uptake of glucose into adipocytes by FGF-21, and clearly demonstrates dynamic regulation of GLUT1 by FGF-21 stimulation. Key words: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, adipocytes, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, translocation.

Synonymous codons are not used randomly. Rather, some codons are used more frequently than others. Investigating codon usage bias is essential to the understanding of viral evolution. However the factors shaping synonymous codon usage bias and nucleotide composition in animal viruses have been studied only to a limited extent. In our study, using the 19 complete CDS sequences of Spike (S) genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), we analyzed synonymous codon usage bias. The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) was used to estimate codon usage variation in each gene, and the results indicated that preferentially used codons were A-ended, G-ended, and U-ended codons. Effective number of codons (ENC) values varies from 48.15 to 49.52, which suggested that the codon usage bias in PEDV S genes was very slightly. Correspondence analysis (COA) was further performed to study the major trend in codon usage variation, and the plot of ENC values against GC3s (at synonymous third codon position) revealed that mutational pressure rather than translational selection was the main factor determining the codon usage bias in PEDV S genes. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that aromaticity and hydrophobicity of S genes also influenced the codon usage variation in a minor way. Our study provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of PEDV S genes’ codon usage patterns and provides a basic understanding of the mechanisms for codon usage bias. Key words: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Spike gene, relative synonymous codon usage, effective number of codons, correspondence analysis, correlation analysis.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been produced and used as contrast-enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic use in a wide range of maladies including cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and cancer. The reasons why these SPIONs are attractive for medical purposes are based on their important and unique features. The large surface area of the nanoparticles and their manipulation through an external magnetic field are features that allow their use for carrying a large number of molecules such as biomolecules or drugs. In this scenario, the present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of SPIONs and in vitro MRI experiments to increase their capacity as probes for MRI applications on stem cells therapy. Initially, the SPIONs were prepared through the co-precipitation method using ferrous and ferric chlorides in acidic solution. The SPIONs were coated with two thiolmolecules such as mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and cysteine (Cys) (molar ratio SPIONs:ligand = 1:20), leading to the formation of a stable aqueous dispersion of thiolated nanoparticles (SH-SPIONs). The SH-SPIONs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results showed that the SH-SPIONs have a mean diameter of 14 nm and display superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Preliminary tests of incorporation of SH-SPIONs were evaluated stem cells. The results showed that the thiolated nanoparticles have no toxic effects for stem cells and successfully internalized and enhance the contrast in MRI.

Field experiment and numerical simulation are performed on a 33 kW horizontal axis wind turbine. The distribution of pressure is gathered by disposed 191 taped pressure sensors span-ward on seven particular sections of a blade. And the parameters of experimental condition of inflow and operation condition of the wind turbine are obtained at the same time. And then, the three-dimensional Reynolds averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG κ-e turbulence model are used to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine. The numerical method is proved to be more effective by contrasting the numerical results to the field experimental data. For the calculation results of the blade pressure, the closer to the root of the blade the more consistent to the values of the experiment. A greater differential is shown at the leading edge than the trailing edge. The pressure distribution contours of the blade surface are obtained too.

Smoking and a high intake of red meat are risk factors for colorectal tumors. These effects could be due to aromatic amine carcinogens. Individual susceptibility to aromatic amines has been related to acetylation phenotype, which plays a role in the bioactivation of arylamines. Polymorphisms in both N-acetyltransferase genes, NAT1 and NAT2, have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal tumors. We studied the NAT1*10 fast acetylator allele (1088 T--A mutation) and distal adenomas in a sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study (441 cases, 484 controls). We found neither an increased adenoma prevalence in subjects homozygous or heterozygous for the NAT1*10 fast acetylator allele (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.36), nor a gene-gene interaction between NA1 and NAT2 (P(interaction) = 0.59). Further NAT1 alleles must be considered for more conclusive results regarding the relevance of NAT1 activity to colorectal tumorigenesis.

Libraries of cDNA were generated from polyadenylated RNAs derived from Marek's disease virus (MDV)-transformed cell lines by directional cloning of oligo-(dT)-primed cDNAs in lambda gt22A. Analysis of the libraries for viral sequences showed that a number of cDNA clones originated from transcripts mapping in the BamHI A region of the MDV genome. Sequencing and fine mapping of these cDNAs suggested that the RNA transcripts expressed from this region were either in the sense or antisense direction with respect to the MDV homologue of the ICP4 gene of herpes simplex virus. The longest cDNA clone from antisense transcripts was 2756 bp long and partially overlapped the 5′ end of the coding region of the ICP4 gene. The cDNA clone contained at least four introns, shown by comparison of its sequence with the sequence of the ICP4 gene. The presence of introns was confirmed by PCR analysis. All the introns have the consensus splice donor and acceptor signals at their 5′ and 3′ ends respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that the ICP4 gene homologue of MDV was abundantly transcribed only in lytically infected fibroblasts, whereas transcripts complementary to the ICP4 gene were the major transcripts in MDV-transformed cell lines and lymphomas. The transcripts complementary to ICP4 consist of two major RNA species approximately 15 kb and 1.32 kb long. The results suggest that there might be an inverse relationship between the abundance of ICP4 transcripts and their complementary transcripts in MDV-infected and transformed cells.

Disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier with resultant increased acid back-diffusion leads to a marked increase in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF). This increase in GMBF is blocked by ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. The gastric arterioles are densely innervated by afferent neurons containing vasodilator peptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) being the most potent of these. We investigated (a) whether CGRP is the vasodilator mediator released by acid stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and (b) whether the resultant hyperemia protects against the acid-induced mucosal injury. When the stomach was perfused with 0.15N HCl plus 15% ethanol, GMBF significantly increased by 70%. This hyperemic response was completely blocked by intra-arterial infusion of human CGRP8-37 (500 pmol/min), a CGRP-receptor antagonist, close to the stomach. With the blockade of the hyperemic response to acid back-diffusion, gross and histological mucosal damage were significantly aggravated. It is concluded that CGRP mediates the gastric hyperemic response to acid back-diffusion and that this gastric hyperemic response is an important protective factor against acid-induced injury.

The interface between the Nd2Fe14B particles and the grain boundary surrounding them in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets was modified by diffusion Dy metal selectively through the grain boundary involving the reduction of Dy2O3 or DyF3 with CaH2 and the coercivity of them was effectively enhanced from 0.98 MA/m to 1.42 MA/m with keeping the high value of remanence. The resultant coercivity was higher than that of the magnets modified with Dy2O3 (HcJ = 1.10 MA/m) and DyF3 (HcJ = 1.24 MA/m) without using any reductant such as CaH2, respectively.

The magnetic properties of NdFeB/Tb multilayered films annealed at 773-1273K were investigated by evaluating the effect of Tb spacer layer and comparing them with those of NdFeB single layered films. The as-deposited NdFeB/Tb film with a amorphous structure was crystallized at the higher annealing temperature than 923K and Nd-rich phases were formed at 1073 K, meanwhile the coercivity increased substantially. By observations of the microstructure, Tb element was found to diffuse into the Nd-rich phases to form a Tb-enriched phase around the Nd2Fe14B primary phase particles in the multilayered films.

This paper describes an interactive graphic robot-simulation system that has been developed to carry out optimum design and to provide a robot-independent off-line motion-planning tool. The system includes model building, optimum design, trajectory planning and graphic display, and is capable of detecting collisions. Emphasis is given to graphics facilities (translation, scaling, removal of hidden lines, image animation, etc.). The system is highly interactive through a menu technique. It was written in Turbo Pascal and implemented on an IBM PC microcomputer.