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1. Safety Considerations in Cannabinoid-Based Medicine

Author

Gottschling S, Ayonrinde O, Bhaskar A, Blockman M, D’Agnone O, Schecter D, Suárez Rodríguez LD, Yafai S, and Cyr C

Subjects
cannabis, cannabinoid, safety, cannabidiol, δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Sven Gottschling,1 Oyedeji Ayonrinde,2 Arun Bhaskar,3 Marc Blockman,4 Oscar D’Agnone,5 Danial Schecter,6 Luis David Suárez Rodríguez,7 Sherry Yafai,8 Claude Cyr9 1Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg (Saar), Germany; 2Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 3Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; 4University of Cape Town and Groot Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; 5The OAD Clinic, London, UK; 6Spectrum Therapeutics, Smiths Falls, Ontario, Canada; 7Centro de Medicina Integrativa Sanar, Playa del Carmen, Mexico; 8The Releaf Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA; 9McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCorrespondence: Claude CyrMcGill University, 3500 DeMaisonneuve Boulevard, Suite 1520, Montreal, Quebec H3Z3C1, CanadaTel +1-514-264-9657Email claudecyrmd@gmail.comAbstract: Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic options for a range of conditions. While many studies and reviews of cannabinoids focus on efficacy, safety is much less well reported. Overall assessment of the safety of cannabinoid-based medicines is confounded by confusion with recreational cannabis use as well as different study designs, indications, dosing, and administration methods. However, clinical studies in registered products are increasingly available, and this article aims to discuss and clarify what is known regarding the safety profiles of cannabinoid-based medicines, focusing on the medical and clinical safety evidence and identifying areas for future research. The two most well-studied cannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or its synthetic variants (dronabinol, nabilone), and cannabidiol (CBD). Across diverse indications, dizziness and fatigue are generally the most common adverse events experienced by patients receiving THC or combined THC and CBD. Patients receiving THC may experience adverse cognitive effects and impairment in psychomotor skills, with implications for driving and some occupations, while CBD may help to lower the psychotropic effects of THC when used in combination. Studies on dependency and addiction in a medical context are limited, but have shown inconsistent findings regarding misuse potential. Generally, the recommended route of administration is oral ingestion, as smoking medicinal cannabinoid products potentially releases mutagenic and carcinogenic by-products. There are several potential drug–drug interactions and contraindications for cannabinoid-based medicines, which physicians should account for when making prescribing decisions. The available evidence shows that, as with any other class of pharmaceuticals, cannabinoid-based medicines are associated with safety risks which should be assessed in the context of potential therapeutic benefits. Each patient should be assessed on an individual basis and physicians must rely on informed, evidence-based decision-making when determining whether a cannabinoid-based medicine could be an appropriate treatment option.Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoid, safety, cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Published
2020

2. The latent structure of the adult attachment interview: Large sample evidence from the collaboration on attachment transmission synthesis

Author

Lee Raby, K, Verhage, M, Pasco Fearon, R, Chris Fraley, R, Roisman, G, van IJzendoorn, M, Schuengel, C, Madigan, S, Oosterman, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Bernier, A, Ensink, K, Hautamaki, A, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Wong, M, Aviezer, O, Behrens, K, Brisch, K, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Dozier, M, Duschinsky, R, Ierardi, E, Finger, B, de Millan, S, Harder, S, Hazen, N, Jin, M, Myung, S, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Pederson, D, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Speranza, A, Steele, H, Tarabulsy, G, Vaever, M, Ward, M, Arnott, B, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, Cyr, C, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobsen, H, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Koppe, S, Millan, S, Murray, L, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Steele, M, Teti, D, Monique van Londen-Barentsen, W, Lee Raby K., Verhage M. L., Pasco Fearon R. M., Chris Fraley R., Roisman G. I., van IJzendoorn M. H., Schuengel C., Madigan S., Oosterman M., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., Bernier A., Ensink K., Hautamaki A., Mangelsdorf S., Priddis L. E., Wong M. S., Aviezer O., Behrens K. Y., Brisch K. -H., Cassibba R., Cassidy J., Coppola G., Costantini A., Dozier M., Duschinsky R., Ierardi E., Finger B., de Millan S. G., Harder S., Hazen N. L., Jin M. M., Myung S., Jongenelen I., Leerkes E. M., Lionetti F., Lyons-Ruth K., McMahon C., Meins E., Pace C. S., Pederson D. R., Riva Crugnola C., Sagi-Schwartz A., Schoppe-Sullivan S. J., Speranza A. M., Steele H., Tarabulsy G. M., Vaever M. S., Ward M. J., Arnott B., Bailey H., Behringer J., Brice P. J., Castoro G., Costantino E., Cyr C., George C., Gloger-Tippelt G., Howes C., Jacobsen H., Jacobvitz D., Juffer F., Kazui M., Koppe S., Millan S., Murray L., Simonelli A., Solomon J., Steele M., Teti D. M., Monique van Londen-Barentsen W., Lee Raby, K, Verhage, M, Pasco Fearon, R, Chris Fraley, R, Roisman, G, van IJzendoorn, M, Schuengel, C, Madigan, S, Oosterman, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Bernier, A, Ensink, K, Hautamaki, A, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Wong, M, Aviezer, O, Behrens, K, Brisch, K, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Dozier, M, Duschinsky, R, Ierardi, E, Finger, B, de Millan, S, Harder, S, Hazen, N, Jin, M, Myung, S, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Pederson, D, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Speranza, A, Steele, H, Tarabulsy, G, Vaever, M, Ward, M, Arnott, B, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, Cyr, C, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobsen, H, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Koppe, S, Millan, S, Murray, L, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Steele, M, Teti, D, Monique van Londen-Barentsen, W, Lee Raby K., Verhage M. L., Pasco Fearon R. M., Chris Fraley R., Roisman G. I., van IJzendoorn M. H., Schuengel C., Madigan S., Oosterman M., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., Bernier A., Ensink K., Hautamaki A., Mangelsdorf S., Priddis L. E., Wong M. S., Aviezer O., Behrens K. Y., Brisch K. -H., Cassibba R., Cassidy J., Coppola G., Costantini A., Dozier M., Duschinsky R., Ierardi E., Finger B., de Millan S. G., Harder S., Hazen N. L., Jin M. M., Myung S., Jongenelen I., Leerkes E. M., Lionetti F., Lyons-Ruth K., McMahon C., Meins E., Pace C. S., Pederson D. R., Riva Crugnola C., Sagi-Schwartz A., Schoppe-Sullivan S. J., Speranza A. M., Steele H., Tarabulsy G. M., Vaever M. S., Ward M. J., Arnott B., Bailey H., Behringer J., Brice P. J., Castoro G., Costantino E., Cyr C., George C., Gloger-Tippelt G., Howes C., Jacobsen H., Jacobvitz D., Juffer F., Kazui M., Koppe S., Millan S., Murray L., Simonelli A., Solomon J., Steele M., Teti D. M., and Monique van Londen-Barentsen W.

Abstract

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is a widely used measure in developmental science that assesses adults' current states of mind regarding early attachment-related experiences with their primary caregivers. The standard system for coding the AAI recommends classifying individuals categorically as having an autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved attachment state of mind. However, previous factor and taxometric analyses suggest that: (a) adults' attachment states of mind are captured by two weakly correlated factors reflecting adults' dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) individual differences on these factors are continuously rather than categorically distributed. The current study revisited these suggestions about the latent structure of AAI scales by leveraging individual participant data from 40 studies (N = 3,218), with a particular focus on the controversial observation from prior factor analytic work that indicators of preoccupied states of mind and indicators of unresolved states of mind about loss and trauma loaded on a common factor. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that: (a) a 2-factor model with weakly correlated dismissing and preoccupied factors and (b) a 3-factor model that further distinguished unresolved from preoccupied states of mind were both compatible with the data. The preoccupied and unresolved factors in the 3-factor model were highly correlated. Taxometric analyses suggested that individual differences in dismissing, preoccupied, and unresolved states of mind were more consistent with a continuous than a categorical model. The importance of additional tests of predictive validity of the various models is emphasized.

Published
2022

3. Conceptual comparison of constructs as first step in data harmonization: Parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support as illustrations

Author

Verhage, M, Schuengel, C, Holopainen, A, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Bernier, A, Brown, G, Madigan, S, Roisman, G, Vaever, M, Wong, M, Barone, L, Behrens, K, Behringer, J, Bovenschen, I, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Dozier, M, Ensink, K, Fearon, R, Finger, B, Hautamaki, A, Hazen, N, Ierardi, E, Jongenelen, I, Koppe, S, Lionetti, F, Mangelsdorf, S, Oosterman, M, Pace, C, Raby, K, Riva Crugnola, C, Simonelli, A, Spangler, G, Tarabulsy, G, Arnott, B, Bailey, H, Brice, P, Brisch, K, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, Cyr, C, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Gojman, S, Harder, S, Howes, C, Jacobsen, H, Jacobvitz, D, Jin, M, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Leerkes, E, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Millan, S, Murray, L, Nowacki, K, Pederson, D, Priddis, L, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Solomon, J, Speranza, A, Steele, M, Steele, H, Teti, D, van IJzendoorn, M, van Londen-Barentsen, W, Ward, M, Verhage M. L., Schuengel C., Holopainen A., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., Bernier A., Brown G. L., Madigan S., Roisman G. I., Vaever M. S., Wong M. S., Barone L., Behrens K. Y., Behringer J., Bovenschen I., Cassibba R., Cassidy J., Coppola G., Costantini A., Dozier M., Ensink K., Fearon R. M. P., Finger B., Hautamaki A., Hazen N. L., Ierardi E., Jongenelen I., Koppe S., Lionetti F., Mangelsdorf S., Oosterman M., Pace C. S., Raby K. L., Riva Crugnola C., Simonelli A., Spangler G., Tarabulsy G. M., Arnott B., Bailey H., Brice P. J., Brisch K. -H., Castoro G., Costantino E., Cyr C., George C., Gloger-Tippelt G., Gojman S., Harder S., Howes C., Jacobsen H., Jacobvitz D., Jin M. K., Juffer F., Kazui M., Leerkes E. M., Lyons-Ruth K., McMahon C., Meins E., Millan S., Murray L., Nowacki K., Pederson D. R., Priddis L., Sagi-Schwartz A., Schoppe-Sullivan S. J., Solomon J., Speranza A. M., Steele M., Steele H., Teti D. M., van IJzendoorn M. H., van Londen-Barentsen W. M., Ward M. J., Verhage, M, Schuengel, C, Holopainen, A, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Bernier, A, Brown, G, Madigan, S, Roisman, G, Vaever, M, Wong, M, Barone, L, Behrens, K, Behringer, J, Bovenschen, I, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Dozier, M, Ensink, K, Fearon, R, Finger, B, Hautamaki, A, Hazen, N, Ierardi, E, Jongenelen, I, Koppe, S, Lionetti, F, Mangelsdorf, S, Oosterman, M, Pace, C, Raby, K, Riva Crugnola, C, Simonelli, A, Spangler, G, Tarabulsy, G, Arnott, B, Bailey, H, Brice, P, Brisch, K, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, Cyr, C, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Gojman, S, Harder, S, Howes, C, Jacobsen, H, Jacobvitz, D, Jin, M, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Leerkes, E, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Millan, S, Murray, L, Nowacki, K, Pederson, D, Priddis, L, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Solomon, J, Speranza, A, Steele, M, Steele, H, Teti, D, van IJzendoorn, M, van Londen-Barentsen, W, Ward, M, Verhage M. L., Schuengel C., Holopainen A., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., Bernier A., Brown G. L., Madigan S., Roisman G. I., Vaever M. S., Wong M. S., Barone L., Behrens K. Y., Behringer J., Bovenschen I., Cassibba R., Cassidy J., Coppola G., Costantini A., Dozier M., Ensink K., Fearon R. M. P., Finger B., Hautamaki A., Hazen N. L., Ierardi E., Jongenelen I., Koppe S., Lionetti F., Mangelsdorf S., Oosterman M., Pace C. S., Raby K. L., Riva Crugnola C., Simonelli A., Spangler G., Tarabulsy G. M., Arnott B., Bailey H., Brice P. J., Brisch K. -H., Castoro G., Costantino E., Cyr C., George C., Gloger-Tippelt G., Gojman S., Harder S., Howes C., Jacobsen H., Jacobvitz D., Jin M. K., Juffer F., Kazui M., Leerkes E. M., Lyons-Ruth K., McMahon C., Meins E., Millan S., Murray L., Nowacki K., Pederson D. R., Priddis L., Sagi-Schwartz A., Schoppe-Sullivan S. J., Solomon J., Speranza A. M., Steele M., Steele H., Teti D. M., van IJzendoorn M. H., van Londen-Barentsen W. M., and Ward M. J.

Abstract

This article presents a strategy for the initial step of data harmonization in Individual Participant Data syntheses, i.e., making decisions as to which measures operationalize the constructs of interest - and which do not. This step is vital in the process of data harmonization, because a study can only be as good as its measures. If the construct validity of the measures is in question, study results are questionable as well. Our proposed strategy for data harmonization consists of three steps. First, a unitary construct is defined based on the existing literature, preferably on the theoretical framework surrounding the construct. Second, the various instruments used to measure the construct are evaluated as operationalizations of this construct, and retained or excluded based on this evaluation. Third, the scores of the included measures are recoded on the same metric. We illustrate the use of this method with three example constructs focal to the Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis (CATS) study: parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support. This process description may aid researchers in their data pooling studies, filling a gap in the literature on the first step of data harmonization. • Data harmonization in studies using combined datasets is of vital importance for the validity of the study results. • We have developed and illustrated a strategy on how to define a unitary construct and evaluate whether instruments are operationalizations of this construct as the initial step in the harmonization process. • This strategy is a transferable and reproducible method to apply to the data harmonization process.

Published
2022

4. The latent structure of the adult attachment interview: Large sample evidence from the collaboration on attachment transmission synthesis

Author

Lee Raby K., Verhage M. L., Pasco Fearon R. M., Chris Fraley R., Roisman G. I., van IJzendoorn M. H., Schuengel C., Madigan S., Oosterman M., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., Bernier A., Ensink K., Hautamaki A., Mangelsdorf S., Priddis L. E., Wong M. S., Aviezer O., Behrens K. Y., Brisch K. -H., Cassibba R., Cassidy J., Coppola G., Costantini A., Dozier M., Duschinsky R., Ierardi E., Finger B., de Millan S. G., Harder S., Hazen N. L., Jin M. M., Myung S., Jongenelen I., Leerkes E. M., Lionetti F., Lyons-Ruth K., McMahon C., Meins E., Pace C. S., Pederson D. R., Riva Crugnola C., Sagi-Schwartz A., Schoppe-Sullivan S. J., Speranza A. M., Steele H., Tarabulsy G. M., Vaever M. S., Ward M. J., Arnott B., Bailey H., Behringer J., Brice P. J., Castoro G., Costantino E., Cyr C., George C., Gloger-Tippelt G., Howes C., Jacobsen H., Jacobvitz D., Juffer F., Kazui M., Koppe S., Millan S., Murray L., Simonelli A., Solomon J., Steele M., Teti D. M., Monique van Londen-Barentsen W., Lee Raby, K, Verhage, M, Pasco Fearon, R, Chris Fraley, R, Roisman, G, van IJzendoorn, M, Schuengel, C, Madigan, S, Oosterman, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Bernier, A, Ensink, K, Hautamaki, A, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Wong, M, Aviezer, O, Behrens, K, Brisch, K, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Dozier, M, Duschinsky, R, Ierardi, E, Finger, B, de Millan, S, Harder, S, Hazen, N, Jin, M, Myung, S, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Pederson, D, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Speranza, A, Steele, H, Tarabulsy, G, Vaever, M, Ward, M, Arnott, B, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, Cyr, C, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobsen, H, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Koppe, S, Millan, S, Murray, L, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Steele, M, Teti, D, and Monique van Londen-Barentsen, W

Subjects
Adult, Predictive validity, Individuality, 050109 social psychology, taxometric, Developmental Science, Developmental psychology, Interview, Psychological, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Categorical models, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Latent structure, Individual participant data, 05 social sciences, 16. Peace & justice, Object Attachment, Large sample, Standard system, Psychiatry and Mental health, factor analysi, Psychology, latent structure, Attachment measures, Adult Attachment Interview, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is a widely used measure in developmental science that assesses adults’ current states of mind regarding early attachment-related experiences with their primary caregivers. The standard system for coding the AAI recommends classifying individuals categorically as having an autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved attachment state of mind. However, previous factor and taxometric analyses suggest that: (a) adults’ attachment states of mind are captured by two weakly correlated factors reflecting adults’ dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) individual differences on these factors are continuously rather than categorically distributed. The current study revisited these suggestions about the latent structure of AAI scales by leveraging individual participant data from 40 studies (N = 3,218), with a particular focus on the controversial observation from prior factor analytic work that indicators of preoccupied states of mind and indicators of unresolved states of mind about loss and trauma loaded on a common factor. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that: (a) a 2-factor model with weakly correlated dismissing and preoccupied factors and (b) a 3-factor model that further distinguished unresolved from preoccupied states of mind were both compatible with the data. The preoccupied and unresolved factors in the 3-factor model were highly correlated. Taxometric analyses suggested that individual differences in dismissing, preoccupied, and unresolved states of mind were more consistent with a continuous than a categorical model. The importance of additional tests of predictive validity of the various models is emphasized.

Published
2020

5. Camps de jour et enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : examen de la portée de la littérature scientifique

Author

Girard, S., Paquet, A., Cyr, C., Girard, S., Paquet, A., and Cyr, C.

Abstract

Résumé Fréquenter un camp de jour pendant la période estivale comporte plusieurs avantages pour les enfants et leur famille. Lorsque l’enfant présente des besoins de soutien, des défis peuvent être rencontrés. C’est notamment le cas pour les enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). À partir de neuf articles sélectionnés dans sept bases de données, l’objectif est d’apporter un éclairage sur les adaptations ou stratégies d’intervention ainsi que sur l’accompagnement à offrir aux jeunes enfants ayant un TSA dans le contexte de camps. Deux grands thèmes émergent de l’analyse en termes de retombées chez les enfants ayant un TSA: 1) le développement d’habiletés sociales par l’intermédiaire de programmes ou d’interventions spécialisées et 2) l’amélioration du niveau de littératie physique par la participation au camp. Il est aussi relevé que la formation des intervenants constitue un incontournable pour permettre ces retombées positives. ABSTRACT Attending a day camp during summer has many benefits for children and their families. When a child has special needs, challenges may be encountered. This is especially true for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Based on nine articles selected from seven databases, the objective is to shed light on the adaptations or intervention strategies as well as the support to be offered to young children with ASD in the camp setting. Two main themes emerged from the analysis regarding the impact on children with ASD: 1) the development of social skills through specialized programmes or interventions and 2) the improvement of physical literacy through camp participation. It was also noted that training for practitioners is a key to achieving these positive outcomes.

Published
2022

6. Attachment goes to court: Child protection and custody issues

Author

Forslund, T, Granqvist, P, van IJzendoorn, MH, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Glaser, D, Steele, M, Hammarlund, M, Schuengel, C, Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ, Steele, H, Shaver, PR, Lux, U, Simmonds, J, Jacobvitz, D, Groh, AM, Bernard, K, Cyr, C, Hazen, NL, Foster, S, Psouni, E, Cowan, PA, Cowan, CP, Rifkin-Graboi, A, Wilkins, D, Pierrehumbert, B, Tarabulsy, GM, Cárcamo, RA, Wang, Z, Liang, X, Kázmierczak, M, Pawlicka, P, Ayiro, L, Chansa, T, Sichimba, F, Mooya, H, McLean, L, Verissimo, M, Gojman-De-Millán, S, Moretti, MM, Bacro, F, Peltola, MJ, Galbally, M, Kondo-Ikemura, K, Behrens, KY, Scott, S, Rodriguez, AF, Spencer, R, Posada, G, Cassibba, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Palacios, J, Barone, L, Madigan, S, Mason-Jones, K, Reijman, S, Juffer, F, Fearon, RP, Bernier, A, Cicchetti, D, Roisman, GI, Cassidy, J, Kindler, H, Zimmerman, P, Feldman, R, Spangle, G, Zeanah, CH, Dozier, M, Belsky, J, Lamb, ME, Duschinsky, R, Forslund, T, Granqvist, P, van IJzendoorn, MH, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Glaser, D, Steele, M, Hammarlund, M, Schuengel, C, Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ, Steele, H, Shaver, PR, Lux, U, Simmonds, J, Jacobvitz, D, Groh, AM, Bernard, K, Cyr, C, Hazen, NL, Foster, S, Psouni, E, Cowan, PA, Cowan, CP, Rifkin-Graboi, A, Wilkins, D, Pierrehumbert, B, Tarabulsy, GM, Cárcamo, RA, Wang, Z, Liang, X, Kázmierczak, M, Pawlicka, P, Ayiro, L, Chansa, T, Sichimba, F, Mooya, H, McLean, L, Verissimo, M, Gojman-De-Millán, S, Moretti, MM, Bacro, F, Peltola, MJ, Galbally, M, Kondo-Ikemura, K, Behrens, KY, Scott, S, Rodriguez, AF, Spencer, R, Posada, G, Cassibba, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Palacios, J, Barone, L, Madigan, S, Mason-Jones, K, Reijman, S, Juffer, F, Fearon, RP, Bernier, A, Cicchetti, D, Roisman, GI, Cassidy, J, Kindler, H, Zimmerman, P, Feldman, R, Spangle, G, Zeanah, CH, Dozier, M, Belsky, J, Lamb, ME, and Duschinsky, R

Published
2022

7. Attachment goes to court: Child protection and custody issues

Author

Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M.H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Steele, H., Shaver, P.R., Lux, U., Simmonds, J., Jacobvitz, D., Groh, A.M., Bernard, K., Cyr, C., Hazen, N.L., Foster, S., Psouni, E., Cowan, P.A., Pape Cowan, C., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Wilkins, D., Pierrehumbert, B., Tarabulsy, G.M., Carcamo, R.A., Wang, Z., Liang, X., Kázmierczak, M., Pawlicka, P., Ayiro, L., Chansa, T., Sichimba, F., Mooya, H., McLean, L., Verissimo, M., Gojman-de-Millán, S., Moretti, M.M., Bacro, F., Peltola, M.J., Galbally, M., Kondo-Ikemura, K., Behrens, K.Y., Scott, S., Rodriguez, A.F., Spencer, R., Posada, G., Cassibba, R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Palacios, J., Barone, L., Madigan, S., Mason-Jones, K., Reijman, S., Juffer, F., Pasco Fearon, R., Bernier, A., Cicchetti, D., Roisman, G.I., Cassidy, J., Kindler, H., Zimmermann, P., Feldman, R., Spangler, G., Zeanah, C.H., Dozier, M., Belsky, J., Lamb, M.E., Duschinsky, R., Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M.H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Steele, H., Shaver, P.R., Lux, U., Simmonds, J., Jacobvitz, D., Groh, A.M., Bernard, K., Cyr, C., Hazen, N.L., Foster, S., Psouni, E., Cowan, P.A., Pape Cowan, C., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Wilkins, D., Pierrehumbert, B., Tarabulsy, G.M., Carcamo, R.A., Wang, Z., Liang, X., Kázmierczak, M., Pawlicka, P., Ayiro, L., Chansa, T., Sichimba, F., Mooya, H., McLean, L., Verissimo, M., Gojman-de-Millán, S., Moretti, M.M., Bacro, F., Peltola, M.J., Galbally, M., Kondo-Ikemura, K., Behrens, K.Y., Scott, S., Rodriguez, A.F., Spencer, R., Posada, G., Cassibba, R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Palacios, J., Barone, L., Madigan, S., Mason-Jones, K., Reijman, S., Juffer, F., Pasco Fearon, R., Bernier, A., Cicchetti, D., Roisman, G.I., Cassidy, J., Kindler, H., Zimmermann, P., Feldman, R., Spangler, G., Zeanah, C.H., Dozier, M., Belsky, J., Lamb, M.E., and Duschinsky, R.

Abstract

Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. The article is divided into two parts. In the first, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child’s need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.

Published
2021

8. Attachment goes to court: child protection and custody issues

Author

Forslund, T. (Tommie), Granqvist, P. (Pehr), IJzendoorn, M.H. (Rien) van, Sagi-Schwartz, A. (Avi), Glaser, D. (Danya), Steele, M. (Miriam), Hammarlund, M. (Mårten), Schuengel, C. (Carlo), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. (Marian), Steele, H. (Howard), Shaver, P.R. (Phillip R.), Lux, U. (Ulrike), Simmonds, J. (John), Jacobvitz, D. (Deborah), Groh, A.M. (Ashley M.), Bernard, K. (Kristin), Cyr, C. (Chantal), Hazen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Foster, S. (Sarah), Psouni, E. (Elia), Cowan, P.A. (Philip A.), Pape Cowan, C. (Carolyn), Rifkin-Graboi, A. (Anne), Wilkins, D. (David), Pierrehumbert, B. (Blaise), Tarabulsy, G.M. (George M.), Carcamo, R.A. (Rodrigo A.), Wang, Z. (Zhengyan), Liang, X. (Xi), Kázmierczak, M. (Maria), Pawlicka, P. (Paulina), Ayiro, L. (Lilian), Chansa, T. (Tamara), Sichimba, F. (Francis), Mooya, H. (Haatembo), McLean, L. (Loyola), Verissimo, M. (Manuela), Gojman-de-Millán, S. (Sonia), Moretti, M.M. (Marlene M.), Bacro, F. (Fabien), Peltola, M.J. (Mikko J.), Galbally, M. (Megan), Kondo-Ikemura, K. (Kiyomi), Behrens, K.Y. (Kazuko Y.), Scott, S. (Stephen), Rodriguez, A.F. (Andrés Fresno), Spencer, R. (Rosario), Posada, G. (Germán), Cassibba, R. (Rosalinda), Barrantes-Vidal, N. (Neus), Palacios, J. (Jesus), Barone, L. (Lavinia), Madigan, S. (Sheri), Mason-Jones, K. (Karen), Reijman, S. (Sophie), Juffer, F. (Femmie), Pasco Fearon, R. (R.), Bernier, A. (Annie), Cicchetti, D. (Dante), Roisman, G.I. (Glenn), Cassidy, J. (Jude), Kindler, H. (Heinz), Zimmerman, P. (Peter), Feldman, R. (Ruth), Spangler, G. (Gottfried), Zeanah, C.H. (Charles H.), Dozier, M. (Mary), Belsky, J. (Jay), Lamb, M.E. (Michael E.), Duschinsky, R. (Robbie), Forslund, T. (Tommie), Granqvist, P. (Pehr), IJzendoorn, M.H. (Rien) van, Sagi-Schwartz, A. (Avi), Glaser, D. (Danya), Steele, M. (Miriam), Hammarlund, M. (Mårten), Schuengel, C. (Carlo), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. (Marian), Steele, H. (Howard), Shaver, P.R. (Phillip R.), Lux, U. (Ulrike), Simmonds, J. (John), Jacobvitz, D. (Deborah), Groh, A.M. (Ashley M.), Bernard, K. (Kristin), Cyr, C. (Chantal), Hazen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Foster, S. (Sarah), Psouni, E. (Elia), Cowan, P.A. (Philip A.), Pape Cowan, C. (Carolyn), Rifkin-Graboi, A. (Anne), Wilkins, D. (David), Pierrehumbert, B. (Blaise), Tarabulsy, G.M. (George M.), Carcamo, R.A. (Rodrigo A.), Wang, Z. (Zhengyan), Liang, X. (Xi), Kázmierczak, M. (Maria), Pawlicka, P. (Paulina), Ayiro, L. (Lilian), Chansa, T. (Tamara), Sichimba, F. (Francis), Mooya, H. (Haatembo), McLean, L. (Loyola), Verissimo, M. (Manuela), Gojman-de-Millán, S. (Sonia), Moretti, M.M. (Marlene M.), Bacro, F. (Fabien), Peltola, M.J. (Mikko J.), Galbally, M. (Megan), Kondo-Ikemura, K. (Kiyomi), Behrens, K.Y. (Kazuko Y.), Scott, S. (Stephen), Rodriguez, A.F. (Andrés Fresno), Spencer, R. (Rosario), Posada, G. (Germán), Cassibba, R. (Rosalinda), Barrantes-Vidal, N. (Neus), Palacios, J. (Jesus), Barone, L. (Lavinia), Madigan, S. (Sheri), Mason-Jones, K. (Karen), Reijman, S. (Sophie), Juffer, F. (Femmie), Pasco Fearon, R. (R.), Bernier, A. (Annie), Cicchetti, D. (Dante), Roisman, G.I. (Glenn), Cassidy, J. (Jude), Kindler, H. (Heinz), Zimmerman, P. (Peter), Feldman, R. (Ruth), Spangler, G. (Gottfried), Zeanah, C.H. (Charles H.), Dozier, M. (Mary), Belsky, J. (Jay), Lamb, M.E. (Michael E.), and Duschinsky, R. (Robbie)

Abstract

Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. The article is divided into two parts. In the first, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child’s need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.

Published
2021
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9. Consensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi process

Author

Bhaskar, A, Bell, A, Boivin, M, Briques, W, Brown, M, Clarke, H, Cyr, C, Eisenberg, E, de Oliveira Silva, RF, Frohlich, E, Georgius, P, Hogg, M, Horsted, TI, MacCallum, CA, Muller-Vahl, KR, O'Connell, C, Sealey, R, Seibolt, M, Sihota, A, Smith, BK, Sulak, D, Vigano, A, Moulin, DE, Bhaskar, A, Bell, A, Boivin, M, Briques, W, Brown, M, Clarke, H, Cyr, C, Eisenberg, E, de Oliveira Silva, RF, Frohlich, E, Georgius, P, Hogg, M, Horsted, TI, MacCallum, CA, Muller-Vahl, KR, O'Connell, C, Sealey, R, Seibolt, M, Sihota, A, Smith, BK, Sulak, D, Vigano, A, and Moulin, DE

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Globally, medical cannabis legalization has increased in recent years and medical cannabis is commonly used to treat chronic pain. However, there are few randomized control trials studying medical cannabis indicating expert guidance on how to dose and administer medical cannabis safely and effectively is needed. METHODS: Using a multistage modified Delphi process, twenty global experts across nine countries developed consensus-based recommendations on how to dose and administer medical cannabis in patients with chronic pain. RESULTS: There was consensus that medical cannabis may be considered for patients experiencing neuropathic, inflammatory, nociplastic, and mixed pain. Three treatment protocols were developed. A routine protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a CBD-predominant variety at a dose of 5 mg CBD twice daily and titrates the CBD-predominant dose by 10 mg every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches their goals, or up to 40 mg/day. At a CBD-predominant dose of 40 mg/day, clinicians may consider adding THC at 2.5 mg and titrate by 2.5 mg every 2 to 7 days until a maximum daily dose of 40 mg/day of THC. A conservative protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a CBD-predominant variety at a dose of 5 mg once daily and titrates the CBD-predominant dose by 10 mg every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches their goals, or up to 40 mg/day. At a CBD-predominant dose of 40 mg/day, clinicians may consider adding THC at 1 mg/day and titrate by 1 mg every 7 days until a maximum daily dose of 40 mg/day of THC. A rapid protocol where the clinician initiates the patient on a balanced THC:CBD variety at 2.5-5 mg of each cannabinoid once or twice daily and titrates by 2.5-5 mg of each cannabinoid every 2 to 3 days until the patient reaches his/her goals or to a maximum THC dose of 40 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, using a modified Delphi process, expert consensus-based recommendations were developed on how to dose and administer me

Published
2021

10. El Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1

Author

Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M.H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Steele, H., Shaver, P.R., Lux, U., Simmonds, J., Jacobvitz, D., Groh, A.M., Bernard, K., Cyr, C., Hazen, N.L., Foster, S., Psouni, E., Cowan, P.A., Cowan, C.P., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Wilkins, D., Pierrehumbert, B., Tarabulsy, G.M., Carcamo, R.A., Wang, Z., Liang, X., Kázmierczak, M., Pawlicka, P., Ayiro, L., Chansa, T., Sichimba, F., Mooya, H., McLean, L., Verissimo, M., Gojman-de-Millán, S., Moretti, M.M., Bacro, F., Peltola, M.J., Galbally, M., Kondo-Ikemura, K., Behrens, K.Y., Scott, S., Rodriguez, A.F., Spencer, R., Posada, G., Cassibba, R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Palacios, J., Barone, L., Madigan, S., Mason-Jones, K., Reijman, S., Juffer, F., Fearon, R.P., Bernier, A., Cicchetti, D., Roisman, G.I., Cassidy, J., Kindler, H., Zimmermann, P., Feldman, R., Spangle, G., Zeanah, C.H., Dozier, M., Belsky, J., Lamb, M.E., Duschinsky, R., Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M.H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Steele, H., Shaver, P.R., Lux, U., Simmonds, J., Jacobvitz, D., Groh, A.M., Bernard, K., Cyr, C., Hazen, N.L., Foster, S., Psouni, E., Cowan, P.A., Cowan, C.P., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Wilkins, D., Pierrehumbert, B., Tarabulsy, G.M., Carcamo, R.A., Wang, Z., Liang, X., Kázmierczak, M., Pawlicka, P., Ayiro, L., Chansa, T., Sichimba, F., Mooya, H., McLean, L., Verissimo, M., Gojman-de-Millán, S., Moretti, M.M., Bacro, F., Peltola, M.J., Galbally, M., Kondo-Ikemura, K., Behrens, K.Y., Scott, S., Rodriguez, A.F., Spencer, R., Posada, G., Cassibba, R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Palacios, J., Barone, L., Madigan, S., Mason-Jones, K., Reijman, S., Juffer, F., Fearon, R.P., Bernier, A., Cicchetti, D., Roisman, G.I., Cassidy, J., Kindler, H., Zimmermann, P., Feldman, R., Spangle, G., Zeanah, C.H., Dozier, M., Belsky, J., Lamb, M.E., and Duschinsky, R.

Abstract

Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. This article is divided into two parts. In the first part, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child’s need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.

Published
2021

11. Examining Ecological Constraints on the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Via Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Author

Verhage, M, Fearon, R, Schuengel, C, van IJzendoorn, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Madigan, S, Roisman, G, Oosterman, M, Behrens, K, Wong, M, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Brisch, K, Arnott, B, Aviezer, O, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Bernier, A, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Cyr, C, Dozier, M, Ensink, K, Finger, B, Gojman, S, Harder, S, Hautamaki, A, Hazen, N, Ierardi, E, Jin, M, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Raby, K, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Steele, H, Steele, M, Tarabulsy, G, Væver, M, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Køppe, S, Millán, S, Murray, L, Pederson, D, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Speranza, A, Teti, D, van Londen-Barentsen, W, Ward, M, The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission, S, Verhage, Marije L., Fearon, R. M. Pasco, Schuengel, Carlo, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Madigan, Sheri, Roisman, Glenn I., Oosterman, Mirjam, Behrens, Kazuko Y., Wong, Maria S., Mangelsdorf, Sarah, Priddis, Lynn E., Brisch, Karl-Heinz, Arnott, B., Aviezer, O., Bailey, H., Behringer, J., Bernier, A., Cassibba, R., Cassidy, J., Coppola, G., Costantini, A., Cyr, C., Dozier, M., Ensink, K., Finger, B., Gojman, S., Harder, S., Hautamaki, A., Hazen, N. L., Ierardi, E., Jin, M. K., Jongenelen, I., Leerkes, E. M., Lionetti, F., Lyons-Ruth, K., McMahon, C., Meins, E., Pace, C. S., Priddis, L., Raby, K. L., Riva Crugnola, C., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Steele, H., Steele, M., Tarabulsy, G. M., Væver, M. S., Brice, P. J., Castoro, G., Costantino, E., George, C., Gloger-Tippelt, G., Howes, C., Jacobvitz, D., Juffer, F., Kazui, M., Køppe, S., Millán, S., Murray, L., Pederson, D. R., Simonelli, A., Solomon J., Speranza A. M., Teti, D. M., van Londen-Barentsen, W. M., Ward, M. J., The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis, Verhage, M, Fearon, R, Schuengel, C, van IJzendoorn, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Madigan, S, Roisman, G, Oosterman, M, Behrens, K, Wong, M, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Brisch, K, Arnott, B, Aviezer, O, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Bernier, A, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Cyr, C, Dozier, M, Ensink, K, Finger, B, Gojman, S, Harder, S, Hautamaki, A, Hazen, N, Ierardi, E, Jin, M, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Raby, K, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Steele, H, Steele, M, Tarabulsy, G, Væver, M, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Køppe, S, Millán, S, Murray, L, Pederson, D, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Speranza, A, Teti, D, van Londen-Barentsen, W, Ward, M, The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission, S, Verhage, Marije L., Fearon, R. M. Pasco, Schuengel, Carlo, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Madigan, Sheri, Roisman, Glenn I., Oosterman, Mirjam, Behrens, Kazuko Y., Wong, Maria S., Mangelsdorf, Sarah, Priddis, Lynn E., Brisch, Karl-Heinz, Arnott, B., Aviezer, O., Bailey, H., Behringer, J., Bernier, A., Cassibba, R., Cassidy, J., Coppola, G., Costantini, A., Cyr, C., Dozier, M., Ensink, K., Finger, B., Gojman, S., Harder, S., Hautamaki, A., Hazen, N. L., Ierardi, E., Jin, M. K., Jongenelen, I., Leerkes, E. M., Lionetti, F., Lyons-Ruth, K., McMahon, C., Meins, E., Pace, C. S., Priddis, L., Raby, K. L., Riva Crugnola, C., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Steele, H., Steele, M., Tarabulsy, G. M., Væver, M. S., Brice, P. J., Castoro, G., Costantino, E., George, C., Gloger-Tippelt, G., Howes, C., Jacobvitz, D., Juffer, F., Kazui, M., Køppe, S., Millán, S., Murray, L., Pederson, D. R., Simonelli, A., Solomon J., Speranza A. M., Teti, D. M., van Londen-Barentsen, W. M., Ward, M. J., and The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis

Abstract

Parents’ attachment representations and child–parent attachment have been shown to be associated, but these associations vary across populations (Verhage et al., 2016). The current study examined whether ecological factors may explain variability in the strength of intergenerational transmission of attachment, using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Analyses on 4,396 parent–child dyads (58 studies, child age 11–96 months) revealed a combined effect size of r =.29. IPD meta-analyses revealed that effect sizes for the transmission of autonomous-secure representations to secure attachments were weaker under risk conditions and weaker in adolescent parent–child dyads, whereas transmission was stronger for older children. Findings support the ecological constraints hypothesis on attachment transmission. Implications for attachment theory and the use of IPD meta-analysis are discussed.

Published
2018

12. Examining Ecological Constraints on the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Via Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Author

Verhage, Marije L., Fearon, R. M. Pasco, Schuengel, Carlo, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Madigan, Sheri, Roisman, Glenn I., Oosterman, Mirjam, Behrens, Kazuko Y., Wong, Maria S., Mangelsdorf, Sarah, Priddis, Lynn E., Brisch, Karl-Heinz, Arnott, B., Aviezer, O., Bailey, H., Behringer, J., Bernier, A., Cassibba, R., Cassidy, J., Coppola, G., Costantini, A., Cyr, C., Dozier, M., Ensink, K., Finger, B., Gojman, S., Harder, S., Hautamaki, A., Hazen, N. L., Ierardi, E., Jin, M. K., Jongenelen, I., Leerkes, E. M., Lionetti, F., Lyons-Ruth, K., McMahon, C., Meins, E., Pace, C. S., Priddis, L., Raby, K. L., Riva Crugnola, C., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Steele, H., Steele, M., Tarabulsy, G. M., Væver, M. S., Brice, P. J., Castoro, G., Costantino, E., George, C., Gloger-Tippelt, G., Howes, C., Jacobvitz, D., Juffer, F., Kazui, M., Køppe, S., Millán, S., Murray, L., Pederson, D. R., Simonelli, A., Solomon J., Speranza A. M., Teti, D. M., van Londen-Barentsen, W. M., Ward, M. J., The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis, Verhage, M, Fearon, R, Schuengel, C, van IJzendoorn, M, Bakermans-Kranenburg, M, Madigan, S, Roisman, G, Oosterman, M, Behrens, K, Wong, M, Mangelsdorf, S, Priddis, L, Brisch, K, Arnott, B, Aviezer, O, Bailey, H, Behringer, J, Bernier, A, Cassibba, R, Cassidy, J, Coppola, G, Costantini, A, Cyr, C, Dozier, M, Ensink, K, Finger, B, Gojman, S, Harder, S, Hautamaki, A, Hazen, N, Ierardi, E, Jin, M, Jongenelen, I, Leerkes, E, Lionetti, F, Lyons-Ruth, K, Mcmahon, C, Meins, E, Pace, C, Raby, K, Riva Crugnola, C, Sagi-Schwartz, A, Schoppe-Sullivan, S, Steele, H, Steele, M, Tarabulsy, G, Væver, M, Brice, P, Castoro, G, Costantino, E, George, C, Gloger-Tippelt, G, Howes, C, Jacobvitz, D, Juffer, F, Kazui, M, Køppe, S, Millán, S, Murray, L, Pederson, D, Simonelli, A, Solomon, J, Speranza, A, Teti, D, van Londen-Barentsen, W, Ward, M, The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission, S, Clinical Child and Family Studies, APH - Mental Health, LEARN! - Social cognition and learning, and LEARN! - Brain, learning and development

Subjects
Male, Parents, Adolescent, Child age, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Sex factors, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Attachment theory, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Parent-Child Relations, Child, Object Attachment, Intergenerational transmission, Parenting, Ecology, Individual participant data, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment, Meta-analysis, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Educational Status, Female, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Parents' attachment representations and child-parent attachment have been shown to be associated, but these associations vary across populations (Verhage et al., 2016). The current study examined whether ecological factors may explain variability in the strength of intergenerational transmission of attachment, using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Analyses on 4,396 parent-child dyads (58 studies, child age 11-96 months) revealed a combined effect size of r = .29. IPD meta-analyses revealed that effect sizes for the transmission of autonomous-secure representations to secure attachments were weaker under risk conditions and weaker in adolescent parent-child dyads, whereas transmission was stronger for older children. Findings support the ecological constraints hypothesis on attachment transmission. Implications for attachment theory and the use of IPD meta-analysis are discussed.

Published
2018

14. Effect of PCC on Thrombin Generation among Patients on Factor Xa Inhibitors with Major Bleeding or Needing Urgent Surgery (GAUGE): Design and Rationale

Author

Shaw Shaw, Unachukwu Unachukwu, Cyr Cyr, Siegal Siegal, Castellucci Castellucci, Dreden Dreden, Dowlatshahi Dowlatshahi, Buyukdere Buyukdere, Ramsay Ramsay, and Carrier Carrier

Subjects
hemostasis, factor Xa inhibitors, dabigatran, anticoagulation reversal, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Direct factor Xa inhibitors (FXaIs) account for most oral anticoagulant use and FXaI-associated bleeding events are common. Clinicians have variable national and regional access to specific FXaI reversal agents such as andexanet alfa. Many centers have adopted the use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) as hemostatic therapy for FXaI-associated major bleeding events. PCC does not impact circulating FXaI levels and its mechanism of action to achieve hemostasis in FXaI-associated bleeding is uncertain. While PCC increases quantitative thrombin generation assay (TGA) parameters, it does not correct FXaI-altered thrombin generation kinetics, nor does it normalize thrombin generation. Clinical data supporting the use of PCC are based on cohort studies reporting clinical hemostatic efficacy, which is difficult to measure. The benefits of PCC for FXaI-associated bleeding beyond supportive care are uncertain.

Published
2023
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15. Pediatric palliative care in Canada in 2012: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Author

Widger, K., primary, Davies, D., additional, Rapoport, A., additional, Vadeboncoeur, C., additional, Liben, S., additional, Sarpal, A., additional, Stenekes, S., additional, Cyr, C., additional, Daoust, L., additional, Gregoire, M.-C., additional, Robertson, M., additional, Hodgson-Viden, H., additional, Laflamme, J., additional, and Siden, H., additional

Published
2016
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37. Seat-belt injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes.

Author

Santschi M, Echave V, Laflamme S, McFadden N, and Cyr C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of seat belts in reducing deaths from motor vehicle crashes is well documented. A unique association of injuries has emerged in adults and children with the use of seat belts. The 'seat-belt syndrome' refers to the spectrum of injuries associated with lap-belt restraints, particularly flexion-distraction injuries to the spine (Chance fractures). METHODS: We describe the injuries sustained by 8 children, including 2 sets of twins, in 3 different motor vehicle crashes. RESULTS: All children were rear seat passengers wearing lap or 3-point restraints. All had abdominal lap-belt ecchymosis and multiple abdominal injuries due to the common mechanism of seat-belt compression with hyperflexion and distraction during deceleration. Five of the children had lumbar spine fractures and 4 remained permanently paraplegic. CONCLUSIONS: These incidents illustrate the need for acute awareness of the complete spectrum of intra-abdominal and spinal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers in motor vehicle crashes and for rear seat restraints that include shoulder belts with the ability to adjust them to fit smaller passengers, including older children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

38. Overlap connective tissue syndromes.

Author

ALLEN, R. C., ST-CYR, C., MADDISON, P. J., and ANSELL, B. M.

Subjects
AUTOANTIBODY analysis, CARRIER proteins, CONNECTIVE tissue diseases, PROGNOSIS, RETROSPECTIVE studies, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Twenty six children with overlapping features of more than one connective tissue disorder are reported. The median age of onset was 9.5 years and median duration of follow up 7.5 years. Common presenting symptoms included arthritis, tenosynovitis. Raynaud's phenomenon, myositis, and rashes. At follow up 14 patients had developed sclerodermatous skin changes, but significant systemic involvement was uncommon. Only 16 of the 26 cases had antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein; therefore, 10 did not satisfy criteria for mixed connective tissue disease. It was not possible to differentiate clinical patterns by the presence or absence of any particular antibody profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1986
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42. OBSERVATIONS OF THE ECLIPSING VARIABLE KT HYDRAE.

Author

St. Cyr, C., Pollock, J. T., Pica, A. J., and Caton, D. B.

Abstract

New photographic observations of the eclipsing binary KT Hya are presented. The full extent of primary minimum is seen for the first time. New elements based on these observations are calculated, and a provisional classification of this variable's light curve as an Algol-type can be made.

Published
1983
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43. Thr353, located within the COOH-terminal tail of the delta opiate receptor, is involved in receptor down-regulation.

Author

Cvejic, S, Trapaidze, N, Cyr, C, and Devi, L A

Abstract

Prolonged exposure to abused drugs such as opiates causes decreased response to the drug; this reduced sensitivity is thought to be due to the loss of receptors, or down-regulation. The molecular mechanism of the opiate receptor down-regulation is not known. In order to address this, we generated a number of mutants of the delta opiate receptor COOH-terminal tail. When expressed in the Chinese hamster ovary cells, both the wild type and the receptor with a deletion of 37 COOH-terminal residues bind diprenorphine with comparable affinities and show similar decreases in cAMP levels in response to D-Ala2, D-Leu5, enkephalin (DADLE). However, the truncated receptor does not show down-regulation from the cell surface upon prolonged exposure (2-48 h) to DADLE. In contrast, both the wild type receptor and the receptor with the deletion of only 15 COOH-terminal residues show substantial down-regulation upon long term DADLE treatment. These results suggest that the region located between 15 and 37 residues from the COOH terminus is involved in the receptor down-regulation. In order to identify residues that play a key role in down-regulation, point mutations of residues within this region were examined for their ability to modulate receptor down-regulation. The receptor with a mutation of Thr353 to Ala does not down-regulate, whereas the receptor with a mutation of Ser344 to Gly down-regulates with a time course similar to that of the wild type receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that the COOH-terminal tail is not essential for functional coupling but is necessary for down-regulation and that Thr353 is critical for the agonist-mediated down-regulation of the delta opiate receptor.

Published
1996

44. Morphogenesis of Type 2 Parainfluenza Virus Examined by Light and Electron Microscopy

Author

Howe, C., Morgan, C., Cyr, C. de Vaux St., Hsu, K. C., and Rose, H. M.

Abstract

The development of type 2 parainfluenza virus in HeLa and stable human amnion cells was examined by use of antisera labeled with fluorescein and ferritin. Serum containing antibody predominantly to soluble viral antigen gave specific fluorescence which was first detectable in small cytoplasmic foci 8 to 10 hr after initiation of infection. By 20 to 24 hr, when the production of infective virus and hemagglutinin was maximal, large perinuclear aggregates of fluorescence were observed which corresponded in distribution and time of appearance to the eosinophilic inclusions seen in similar preparations stained with azure eosin. The inclusions, examined by electron microscopy, were composed of fibrils, presumably viral ribonucleoprotein, which specifically bound the antibody labeled with ferritin. With antiserum to concentrated virus, on the other hand, specific fluorescence was most marked at the surface of infected cells. Foci of fluorescence at the surface represented segments of membrane which had become differentiated morphologically and antigenically to resemble the viral envelope. These were the sites where mature virions appeared. The latter exhibited marked pleomorphism; in some instances, particles were formed which lacked recognizable internal fibrils but which possessed an enclosing membrane bearing viral antigen. Filamentous forms showing an organized internal structure were also observed at the cell surface, but were never encountered in negatively stained preparations. No clear relationship between these filaments and the spherical or oval forms could be established. In negatively stained preparations, nucleocapsid released by rupture of viral particles was similar in appearance to that reported for other paramyxoviruses. It seems probable that this component has a helical configuration.

Published
1967
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45. Immunochemical Study of Parainfluenza Virus (Type 2) in Amnion Cells

Author

Cyr, C. De Vaux St. and Howe, C.

Abstract

de Vaux St. Cyr, C. Columbia University, New York, N.Y.),and C. Howe. Immunochemical study of parainfluenza virus (type 2) in amnion cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:1911–1916. 1966.—Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of stable amnion cells in which parainfluenza virus (type 2) was being actively synthesized revealed at least three precipitating antigens not found in normal cells. These “new” antigens differed from viral neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in both specificity and electrophoretic mobility; their identity and function remain to be elucidated.

Published
1966
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48. Canadian National Pancreas Conference 2023: A Review of Multidisciplinary Engagement in Pancreatic Cancer Care.

Author

Nickerson JL, Cyr C, Arseneau RJ, Lee SN, Condon-Oldreive S, Zogopoulos G, Roberts K, Kim CA, Ng SSW, Haider M, Villalba E, Stephenson L, Tsang E, Johnston B, Gala-Lopez B, Cooper V, Hannon B, Gangloff A, Gill S, Servidio-Italiano F, and Ramjeesingh R

Subjects
Humans, Canada, Pancreatic Neoplasms therapy
Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a complex malignancy associated with poor prognosis and high symptom burden. Optimal patient care relies on the integration of various sectors in the healthcare field as well as innovation through research. The Canadian National Pancreas Conference (NPC) was co-organized and hosted by Craig's Cause Pancreatic Cancer Society and The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in November 2023 in Montreal, Canada. The conference sought to bridge the gap between Canadian healthcare providers and researchers who share the common goal of improving the prognosis, quality of life, and survival for patients with pancreatic cancer. The accredited event featured discussion topics including diagnosis and screening, value-based and palliative care, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, cancer-reducing treatment, and an overview of the current management landscape. The present article reviews the NPC sessions and discusses the presented content with respect to the current literature.

Published
2024
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49. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome in Canada: population-based surveillance and role of SARS-CoV-2 linkage.

Author

El Tal T, Morin MP, Morris SK, Farrar DS, Berard RA, Kakkar F, Moore Hepburn C, Baerg K, Beaufils C, Bennett TL, Benseler SM, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Chan K, Cyr C, Dahdah N, Donner EJ, Drouin O, Edjoc R, Eljaouhari M, Embree JE, Farrell C, Finzi A, Forgie S, Giroux R, Kang KT, King M, Laffin Thibodeau M, Lang B, Laxer RM, Luu TM, McCrindle BW, Orkin J, Papenburg J, Pound CM, Price VE, Proulx-Gauthier JP, Purewal R, Sadarangani M, Salvadori MI, Thibeault R, Top KA, Viel-Thériault I, Haddad E, Scuccimarri R, and Yeung RSM

Subjects
Humans, Male, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Canada epidemiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome diagnosis, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy
Abstract

Background: Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a rare condition temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using national surveillance data, we compare presenting features and outcomes among children hospitalized with PIMS by SARS-CoV-2 linkage, and identify risk factors for intensive care (ICU)., Methods: Cases were reported to the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program by a network of >2800 pediatricians between March 2020 and May 2021. Patients with positive versus negative SARS-CoV-2 linkages were compared, with positive linkage defined as any positive molecular or serologic test or close contact with confirmed COVID-19. ICU risk factors were identified with multivariable modified Poisson regression., Results: We identified 406 children hospitalized with PIMS, including 49.8% with positive SARS-CoV-2 linkages, 26.1% with negative linkages, and 24.1% with unknown linkages. The median age was 5.4 years (IQR 2.5-9.8), 60% were male, and 83% had no comorbidities. Compared to cases with negative linkages, children with positive linkages experienced more cardiac involvement (58.8% vs. 37.4%; p < 0.001), gastrointestinal symptoms (88.6% vs. 63.2%; p < 0.001), and shock (60.9% vs. 16.0%; p < 0.001). Children aged ≥6 years and those with positive linkages were more likely to require ICU., Conclusions: Although rare, 30% of PIMS hospitalizations required ICU or respiratory/hemodynamic support, particularly those with positive SARS-CoV-2 linkages., Impact: We describe 406 children hospitalized with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) using nationwide surveillance data, the largest study of PIMS in Canada to date. Our surveillance case definition of PIMS did not require a history of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and we therefore describe associations of SARS-CoV-2 linkages on clinical features and outcomes of children with PIMS. Children with positive SARS-CoV-2 linkages were older, had more gastrointestinal and cardiac involvement, and hyperinflammatory laboratory picture. Although PIMS is rare, one-third required admission to intensive care, with the greatest risk amongst those aged ≥6 years and those with a SARS-CoV-2 linkage., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.)

Published
2023
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50. Resource use and disease severity of children hospitalized for COVID-19 versus multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in Canada.

Author

Farrar D, Hepburn CM, Drouin O, El Tal T, Morin MP, Berard R, King M, Thibodeau ML, Baerg K, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Beaufils C, Bennett TL, Benseler S, Chan K, Cyr C, Dahdah N, Donner E, Embree J, Farrell C, Finzi A, Forgie S, Giroux R, Kang K, Lang B, Laxer R, McCrindle B, Orkin J, Papenburg J, Pound C, Price V, Proulx-Gauthier JP, Purewal R, Sadarangani M, Salvadori M, Thibeault R, Top K, Viel-Thériault I, Haddad E, Scuccimarri R, Yeung R, Kakkar F, and Morris S

Abstract

Background: Direct comparisons of paediatric hospitalizations for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can inform health system planning. We describe the absolute and relative hospital burden of acute paediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C in Canada., Methods: This national prospective study was conducted via the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program from March 2020-May 2021. Children younger than 18 years old and hospitalized for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C were included in the analysis. Outcomes included supplemental oxygen (low-flow oxygen or high-flow nasal cannula), ventilation (non-invasive or conventional mechanical), vasopressors, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, or death. Adjusted risk differences (aRD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with each diagnosis., Results: Overall, we identified 330 children hospitalized for acute COVID-19 (including five deaths) and 208 hospitalized for MIS-C (including zero deaths); PICU admission was required for 49.5% of MIS-C hospitalizations versus 18.2% of acute COVID-19 hospitalizations (aRD 20.3; 95% CI, 9.9-30.8). Resource use differed by age, with children younger than one year hospitalized more often for acute COVID-19 (aRD 43.4% versus MIS-C; 95% CI, 37.7-49.1) and more children 5-11 years hospitalized for MIS-C (aRD 38.9% vs. acute COVID-19; 95% CI, 31.0-46.9)., Conclusion: While there were more hospitalizations and deaths from acute paediatric COVID-19, MIS-C cases were more severe, requiring more intensive care and vasopressor support. Our findings suggest that both acute COVID-19 and MIS-C should be considered when assessing the overall burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospitalized children., Competing Interests: Competing interests CMH is the Director of Children’s Mental Health of Ontario, and the Director of Medical Affairs for the Canadian Paediatric Society and Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. MPM has received consulting fees from Sobin and Abbvie and payment for expert testimony from the Canadian Medical Protective Association. RAB has received honoraria and participated in advisory boards with SOBI, Roche, Amgen, and AbbVie. KB served as Past President of the Community Paediatrics Section of the Canadian Paediatric Society and has received royalties from Brush Education. TLB is an employee of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). KC is Chair of the Acute Care Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society and is past-president of the Emergency Medicine Section of the Canadian Paediatric Society. EJD is Chair of the Scientific Research Committee and a director of Epilepsy Canada. She is also a member of Partners Against Mortality in Epilepsy and the advisory boards of Cardiol, Pendopharm and Stoke Therapeutics. CF is Chair of the Scientific Steering Committee for the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, former Chair of the Specialty Committee in Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, former president of the Canadian Paediatric Society, and member of the Executive as Secretary of the Canadian Critical Care Society. She has received reimbursement for travel expenses from Canadian Paediatric Society and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. She has also received an honorarium for a presentation at a continuing education conference from the Université de Sherbrooke. SF is the President of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada and has received consulting fees from Toronto Metropolitan University. RML has received honoraria for serving as a consultant to Sobi, Novartis, Sanofi, and Eli Lilly, as chair for data monitoring committees for Eli Lilly and Novartis, and from the Canadian Rheumatology Association. JP has received consultant fees from AbbVie, honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca and Seegene, and he received respiratory virus testing materials from Seegene for his institution. He has participated in ad hoc advisory board meetings for AbbVie and Merck and is a voting member of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization. RP is a consultant for Verity Pharmaceuticals. MS is supported via salary awards from the BC Children’s Hospital Foundation and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research and has been an investigator on projects funded by GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi-Pasteur, Seqirus, Symvivo and VBI Vaccines. All funds have been paid to his institute, and he has not received any personal payments. MIS is an employee of the Public Health Agency of Canada. EH has participated in advisory board meetings of CSL-Behring and Takeda, data safety monitoring boards of Rocket Pharmaceutical and Jasper Therapeutics, and has patent applications with Immugenia and Immune Biosolutions. RS has received honoraria and served on an advisory board and as a consultant with Novartis, honoraria from Canadian Rheumatology Association, is a board member for Rheumatology for All, and her institution receives funding from Bristol Myers Squibb for a patient registry for which she is Principal Investigator. RSMY has received grant funding from CFI, CIHR, Genome Canada, PHAC and the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, and The Arthritis Society; is a member of the Science and Industry Advisory Committee at Genome Canada and Medical Advisory Board at Kawasaki Disease Canada; and a member of a data safety monitoring board for a study on IL-1 inhibitors for Kawasaki Disease. FK has received honoraria for presentations given to the Association des Pédiatres du Québec and receives CMV testing kits from Altona Diagnostics. SKM has received honoraria for lectures from GlaxoSmithKline, was a member of ad hoc advisory boards for Pfizer Canada and Sanofi Pasteur, and is an investigator on an investigator led grant from Pfizer. DSF, OD, TET, MK, and MLT have no conflicts of interest to report.

Published
2023
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