145 results on '"Crystal model"'
Search Results
2. Fast, unconditionally energy stable large time stepping method for a new Allen–Cahn type square phase-field crystal model
- Author
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Fubiao Lin, Xiaoxia Wen, and Xiaoming He
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,Square (algebra) ,010101 applied mathematics ,symbols.namesake ,Robustness (computer science) ,Lagrange multiplier ,Crystal model ,Benchmark (computing) ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Balanced flow ,Energy (signal processing) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we develop a new square phase-field crystal model using the L 2 -gradient flow approach, where the total mass of atoms is conserved through a nonlocal Lagrange multiplier. We construct a fast, provably unconditionally energy stable, second-order scheme by using the recently developed SAV approach with the stabilization technique, where an extra stabilization term is added to enhance the stability and keep the required accuracy while using large time steps. Through the comparisons with the classical Cahn–Hilliard type square phase-field crystal model and the non-stabilized SAV scheme for simulating some benchmark numerical examples, we demonstrate the robustness of the new model, as well as the stability and the accuracy of the developed scheme, numerically.
- Published
- 2019
3. Anharmonic classical time crystals: A coresonance pattern formation mechanism
- Author
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Adilson E. Motter and Zachary G. Nicolaou
- Subjects
Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Oscillation ,Anharmonicity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Pattern formation ,Torus ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Symmetry (physics) ,Crystal model ,Quantum mechanics ,Dispersion relation ,Bifurcation ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Driven many-body systems have been shown to exhibit discrete time crystal phases characterized by broken discrete time-translational symmetry. This has been achieved generally through a subharmonic response, in which the system undergoes one oscillation every other driving period. Here, we demonstrate that classical time crystals do not need to resonate in a subharmonic fashion but instead can also exhibit a continuously tunable anharmonic response to driving, which we show can emerge through a coresonance between modes in different branches of the dispersion relation in a parametrically driven medium. This response, characterized by a typically incommensurate ratio between the resonant frequencies and the driving frequency, is demonstrated by introducing a time crystal model consisting of an array of coupled pendula with alternating lengths. Importantly, the coresonance mechanism is the result of a bifurcation involving a fixed point and an invariant torus, with no intermediate limit cycles. This bifurcation thus gives rise to a many-body symmetry-breaking phenomenon directly connecting the symmetry-unbroken phase with a previously uncharacterized phase of matter, which we call an anharmonic time crystal phase. The mechanism is shown to generalize to driven media with any number of coupled fields and is expected to give rise to anharmonic responses in a range of weakly damped pattern-forming systems, with potential applications to the study of nonequilibrium phases, frequency conversion, and acoustic cloaking., 11 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2021
4. Fuel Phononic Crystal Sensor for the Determination and Discrimination of Gasoline Components
- Author
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Ahmed Mehaney, Mohamed Saleh Hassan, and Hussein A. Elsayed
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,High selectivity ,Transfer-matrix method (optics) ,Biophysics ,Epoxy ,Biochemistry ,Crystal ,Crystal model ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Composite material ,Gasoline ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In this work, we have introduced theoretically a novel design of a 1D phononic crystal model acting as a sensor for gasoline components (blends). The proposed sensor is prepared to distinguish between different components of gasoline with high performance. The sensor is designed from a defect layer filled with one of the gasoline blends in the middle of a 1D multilayer phononic crystal configured as, [(lead/ epoxy)2 gasoline [(lead / epoxy)2] . The numerical investigations are obtained based on the transfer matrix method and the acoustic properties of the constituent materials. The numerical results showed that our sensing tool can distinguish between different gasoline blends with high selectivity and sensitivity at the same time. In addition, the monitoring of these blends could be obtained. The proposed sensor provides high sensitivity and quality factor that can reach 2.97×107 Hz and 5034, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
5. Migration mechanisms of interphase boundaries with irrational orientation relationships in massive transformations: A phase-field crystal study
- Author
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Junjie Li, Zhijun Wang, Yunhao Huang, Can Guo, and Jincheng Wang
- Subjects
Physics ,General Computer Science ,Phase field crystal ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Orientation (graph theory) ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computational Mathematics ,Transformation (function) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Irrational number ,Phase (matter) ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Interphase ,Statistical physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Migration mechanisms of interphase boundaries (IPBs) are essential for understanding solid phase transformations. Most studies of the migration mechanisms of IPBs are focused on transformations under rational or near-rational orientation relationships. However, for cases of irrational orientation relationships that widely exist in massive transformations and grain boundary (GB) precipitations, knowledge remains extremely lacking. In this study, taking a triangular-square massive transformation as an example, we explored the migration mechanisms of IPBs with irrational orientation relationships at atomic scales by using the phase-field crystal method. Crystallography analysis based on near-coincidence site calculations also were conducted to verify simulated IPBs structures. Both massive transformations and precipitation transformations were reproduced using the phase-field crystal model. The simulation results show that, similar to the case of rational orientation relationships, the IPBs with irrational orientation relationships migrate by a ledge mechanism due to the satisfying of the edge-to-edge matching relationship. Further simulations on the interactions between IPBs and GBs indicate that GBs can make the newly generated massive phase change its orientation during the process of massive phase transfer across some low-angle GBs.
- Published
- 2019
6. Two-dimensional localized states in an active phase-field-crystal model
- Author
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Uwe Thiele, Lukas Ophaus, Svetlana V. Gurevich, and Edgar Knobloch
- Subjects
Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,Instability ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Numerical continuation ,Mean field theory ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Homoclinic orbit ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,Bifurcation ,Multistability ,Linear stability - Abstract
The active phase-field-crystal (active PFC) model provides a simple microscopic mean field description of crystallization in active systems. It combines the PFC model (or conserved Swift-Hohenberg equation) of colloidal crystallization and aspects of the Toner-Tu theory for self-propelled particles. We employ the active PFC model to study the occurrence of localized and periodic active crystals in two spatial dimensions. Due to the activity, crystalline states can undergo a drift instability and start to travel while keeping their spatial structure. Based on linear stability analyses, time simulations and numerical continuation of the fully nonlinear states, we present a detailed analysis of the bifurcation structure of resting and traveling states. We explore, for instance, how the slanted homoclinic snaking of steady localized states found for the passive PFC model is modified by activity. The analysis is carried out for the model in two spatial dimensions. Morphological phase diagrams showing the regions of existence of various solution types are presented merging the results from all the analysis tools employed. We also study how activity influences the crystal structure with transitions from hexagons to rhombic and stripe patterns. This in-depth analysis of a simple PFC model for active crystals and swarm formation provides a clear general understanding of the observed multistability and associated hysteresis effects, and identifies thresholds for qualitative changes in behavior.
- Published
- 2020
7. High-order energy stable schemes of incommensurate phase-field crystal model
- Author
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Wei Si and Kai Jiang
- Subjects
Almost periodic function ,Physics ,Aperiodic graph ,Numerical analysis ,Crystal model ,Scalar (mathematics) ,Projection method ,FOS: Mathematics ,Statistical physics ,Numerical Analysis (math.NA) ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Balanced flow ,Dissipation - Abstract
This article focuses on the development of high-order energy stable schemes for the multi-length-scale incommensurate phase-field crystal model which is able to study the phase behavior of aperiodic structures. These high-order schemes based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) and spectral deferred correction (SDC) approaches are suitable for the L 2 gradient flow equation, i.e., the Allen-Cahn dynamic equation. Concretely, we propose a second-order Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme of the SAV system, prove the energy dissipation law, and give the error estimate in the almost periodic function sense. Moreover, we use the SDC method to improve the computational accuracy of the SAV/CN scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of high-order numerical methods in numerical computations and show the influence of length-scales on the formation of ordered structures., 17 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2020
8. Classical and quantum time crystals in a levitated nanoparticle without drive
- Author
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Yi Huang, Qihao Guo, Tongcang Li, Anda Xiong, and Zhang-qi Yin
- Subjects
Thermal equilibrium ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Optics ,Quantum spacetime ,Magnetostatics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Magnetic field ,Crystal ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,010306 general physics ,Ground state ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Time crystal is defined as a phase of matter spontaneously exhibiting a periodicity in time. Previous studies focused on discrete quantum time crystals under periodic drive. Here, we propose a time crystal model based on a levitated charged nanoparticle in a static magnetic field without drive. Both the classical time crystal in thermal equilibrium and the quantum time crystal in the ground state can emerge in the spin rotational mode, under the strong magnetic field or the large charge-to-mass ratio limit. Besides, for the first time, the \emph{time polycrystal} is defined and naturally appears in this model. Our model paves a way for realizing time crystals in thermal equilibrium., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2020
9. Minimal phase-field crystal modeling of vapor-liquid-solid coexistence and transitions
- Author
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Zhirong Liu, Zhi-Feng Huang, Wenhui Duan, and Zi-Le Wang
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Phase field crystal ,Vapor pressure ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Thermal expansion ,Lattice constant ,Chemical physics ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Vapor liquid ,Material properties ,Phase diagram - Abstract
A phase-field crystal model based on the density-field approach incorporating high-order interparticle direct correlations is developed to study vapor-liquid-solid coexistence and transitions within a single continuum description. Conditions for the realization of the phase coexistence and transition sequence are systematically analyzed and shown to be satisfied by a broad range of model parameters, demonstrating the high flexibility and applicability of the model. Both temperature-density and temperature-pressure phase diagrams are identified, while structural evolution and coexistence among the three phases are examined through dynamical simulations. The model is also able to produce some temperature and pressure related material properties, including effects of thermal expansion and pressure on equilibrium lattice spacing, and temperature dependence of saturation vapor pressure. This model can be used as an effective approach for investigating a variety of material growth and deposition processes based on vapor-solid, liquid-solid, and vapor-liquid-solid growth.
- Published
- 2020
10. Stress driven fractionalization of vacancies in regular packings of elastic particles
- Author
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Zhenwei Yao
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Fractionalization ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Instability ,Topological defect ,Stress (mechanics) ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Crystal model ,Vacancy defect ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Shear stress ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Compression (geology) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Elucidating the interplay of defect and stress at the microscopic level is a fundamental physical problem that has strong connection with materials science. Here, based on the two-dimensional crystal model, we show that the instability mode of vacancies with varying size and morphology conforms to a common scenario. A vacancy under compression is fissioned into a pair of dislocations that glide and vanish at the boundary. This neat process is triggered by the local shear stress around the vacancy. The remarkable fractionalization of vacancies creates rich modes of interaction between vacancies and other topological defects, and provides a new dimension for mechanical engineering of defects in extensive crystalline structures., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2020
11. Active phase field crystal systems with inertial delay and underdamped dynamics
- Author
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Dominic Arold and Michael Schmiedeberg
- Subjects
Physics ,Convection ,Mesoscopic physics ,Collective behavior ,Inertial frame of reference ,Biophysics ,Crystal system ,Complex system ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Active matter ,Classical mechanics ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,ddc:530 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Abstract. Active matter systems often are well approximated as overdamped, meaning that any inertial momentum is immediately dissipated by the environment. On the other hand, especially for macroscopic systems but also for many mesoscopic ones particle mass can become relevant for the dynamics. For such systems we recently proposed an underdamped continuum model which captures translationally inertial dynamics via two contributions. First, convection and second a damping time scale of inertial motion. In this paper, we ask how both of these features influence the collective behavior compared to overdamped dynamics by studying the example of the active phase field crystal model. We first focus on the case of suppressed convection to study the role of the damping time. We quantify that the relaxation process to the steady collective motion state is considerably prolonged with damping time due to the increasing occurrence of transient groups of circularly moving density peaks. Finally, we illustrate the fully underdamped case with convection. Instead of collective motion of density peaks we then find a coexistence of constant high and low density phases reminiscent of motility-induced phase separation. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2020
12. Dynamics of a one-dimensional Holstein polaron: The multiconfigurational Ehrenfest method
- Author
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Maxim F. Gelin, Lipeng Chen, and Dmitrii V. Shalashilin
- Subjects
Physics ,010304 chemical physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Equations of motion ,Basis function ,010402 general chemistry ,Polaron ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Delocalized electron ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Coherent states ,Statistical physics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Wave function ,Ansatz - Abstract
We have extended the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) approach to investigate the dynamics of a one-dimensional Holstein molecular crystal model. It has been shown that the extended MCE approach yields results in perfect agreement with benchmark calculations by the hierarchy equations of motion method. The accuracies of the MCE approach in describing the dynamical properties of the Holstein polaron over a wide range of exciton transfer integrals and exciton-phonon couplings are carefully examined by a detailed comparison with the fully variational multiple Davydov D2 ansatz. It is found that while the MCE approach and the multi-D2 ansatz produce almost exactly the same results for a small transfer integral, the results obtained by the multi-D2 ansatz start to deviate from those by the MCE approach at longer times for a large transfer integral. A large number of coherent state basis functions are required to characterize the delocalized features of the phonon wavefunction in the case of large transfer integral, which becomes computationally too demanding for the multi-D2 ansatz. The MCE approach, on the other hand, uses hundreds to thousands of trajectory guided basis functions and converges very well, thus providing an effective tool for accurate and efficient simulations of polaron dynamics.
- Published
- 2020
13. Probabilistic Simulation of Shape Instability Based on the True Microstructure Model
- Author
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Yue Feng Li, Guicheng Wu, and Guanglin Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,Instability ,Finite element method ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Crystal model ,Solid mechanics ,Transient (oscillation) ,0210 nano-technology ,Dispersion (water waves) - Abstract
Shape instability belongs to one of significant types of violation for disposable structural elements under high-stress levels. Due to lack of fundamental data on materials, it is quite problematic to consider the shape instability in the design of disposable structural elements. The crystal plastic finite element method is proposed to investigate the dispersion of shape instability life data. It allows these data to be obtained from traditional material parameters. The shape instability behavior is described with the constitutive crystal model of plastic damage accumulation. Then, to improve the accuracy of life prediction, the new method is developed to construct the simulation model of true microstructure. A modeling algorithm based on the image processing technology is provided to reduce the virtual stresses from the transient crystal plastic modeling method. Comparison of experimental and predicted results shows good agreement at high stresses close to the elastic limit of the material.
- Published
- 2018
14. An atomistic investigation of branching mechanism during lamellar eutectic solidification
- Author
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Jincheng Wang, Can Guo, Chunjie Xu, and Chenrui Kang
- Subjects
Materials science ,General Computer Science ,Nucleation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Branching (polymer chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic units ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computational Mathematics ,Lamella (surface anatomy) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Chemical physics ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Lamellar structure ,0210 nano-technology ,Eutectic system ,Branching process - Abstract
Branching is a fundamental mechanism for lamellar spacing adjustment during eutectic solidification. However, the kinetic mechanism of branching is still unclear due to the lack of in-situ observations. In this work, utilizing the binary phase-field crystal model, we investigated the lamellar branching process during eutectic directional growth on an atomic scale. By visualizing the new lamella creation process, we found that new α lamellae form from heterogeneous nucleation at the front of the β/liquid interface. After further simulating eutectic solidification with different temperatures and lattice-mismatches, we found that the conditions that promote the heterogeneous nucleation could also stimulate lamellar branching. Conversely, if we suppress the heterogeneous nucleation process, lamellar branching will be hard to emerge, and the eutectic morphology will be a 2λ oscillating pattern.
- Published
- 2021
15. Formation of a cumulative model for managing the value of construction projects
- Author
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Olexander Bugrov and Olena Bugrova
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial engineering ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Pricing strategies ,Building information modeling ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Crystal model ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Systems engineering ,Profiling (information science) ,Value engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Architecture ,Project management ,business ,Electrical efficiency - Abstract
The model, which effectively contributes to creation of maximum reasonable value of construction projects, was proposed. The proposed system is characterized by the fact that due to its convenient coherence, it adjusts the influence of its separate methods (elements) on project value in a cumulative manner. The need for such a model was driven by global challenges, such as necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase power efficiency of satisfaction of social needs. Characteristic feature of the proposed model is that it is composed of six interacting components, which collectively are self-sufficient for efficient engineering and management of construction projects. This concept is presented in the form of a "crystal" of cumulative application of three pairs of methods. The first pair includes value engineering and building information model. The second pair includes "benefits-costs" analysis and the theory of dynamics of project value. The third pair includes profiling of contract systems and pricing strategies. Each element of the proposed model, playing its natural role, coherently complements and reinforces its other elements. This model allows balanced decision making in terms of availability of various competing priorities of all stakeholders. The key priority of the cumulative model is preventive reaction to potential problems in the course of project implementation. It was established that the aforementioned pairs of methods and the model in general bring convenient and efficient synergy to architecture, engineering and management of construction projects. The synergy, which is a basic feature of the proposed model, provides a presence of two characteristics at the same time: complete coverage of project tasks that are solved and convenient compactness. It is the main advantage of the Crystal model of value management. Dynamics of usefulness and value of the project of office center construction within several consecutive sessions of model application model was calculated, it was shown that quality of project result almost reached its maximum. It demonstrates feasibility of further research in this direction and expansion of a range of projects of model application
- Published
- 2017
16. Quantitative phase-field crystal modeling of solid-liquid interfaces for FCC metals
- Author
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Mohsen Asle Zaeem and Ebrahim Asadi
- Subjects
Phase transition ,Materials science ,General Computer Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermodynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Cubic crystal system ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Computational Mathematics ,Molecular dynamics ,Crystallography ,Mechanics of Materials ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Melting point ,General Materials Science ,Density functional theory ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Anisotropy ,Dimensionless quantity - Abstract
This work deals with the quantification and application of the modified two-mode phase-field crystal model (M2PFC; Asadi and Asle Zaeem, 2015) for face-centered cubic (FCC) metals at their melting point. The connection of M2PFC model to the classical density functional theory is explained in this article. M2PFC model in its dimensionless form contains three parameters (two independent and one dependent) which are determined using an iterative procedure based on the molecular dynamics and experimental data. The quantification process and computer simulations are performed for Ni and Al as two case studies. The quantitative M2PFC models are used in series of numerical simulations to determine the two-phase FCC-liquid coexisting and the bulk properties at the melting points of Ni and Al. The calculated and predicted properties are the expansion in melting, elastic constants, solid-liquid interface free energy, and surface anisotropy, which are also compared with their available experimental or computational counterparts in the literature.
- Published
- 2017
17. Command of Collective Dynamics by Topological Defects in Spherical Crystals
- Author
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Zhenwei Yao
- Subjects
Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ,Classical Physics (physics.class-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics - Classical Physics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,Connection (mathematics) ,Topological defect ,Classical mechanics ,Order (biology) ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Collective dynamics ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Directing individual motions of many constituents to coherent dynamical state is a fundamental challenge in multiple fields. Here, based on the spherical crystal model, we show that topological defects in particle arrays can be a crucial element in regulating collective dynamics. Specifically, we highlight the defect-driven synchronized breathing modes around disclinations and collective oscillations with strong connection to disruption of crystalline order. This work opens the promising possibility of an organizational principle based on topological defects, and may inspire new strategies for harnessing intriguing collective dynamics in extensive nonequilibrium systems., 5 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2019
18. Multi-polaron solutions, nonlocal effects and internal modes in a nonlinear chain
- Author
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Olle Eriksson, Nina Bondarenko, Manuel Pereiro, and Natalia V. Skorodumova
- Subjects
Lattice dynamics ,Physics::Optics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Polaron ,01 natural sciences ,Chain (algebraic topology) ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Quantum mechanics ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Limit (mathematics) ,010306 general physics ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter ,Nonlinear system ,0210 nano-technology ,Den kondenserade materiens fysik ,Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other) - Abstract
Multipolaron solutions were studied in the framework of the Holstein one-dimensional molecular crystal model. The study was performed in the continuous limit where the crystal model maps into the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for which a new periodic dnoidal solution was found for the multipolaron system. In addition, the stability of the multi-polaron solutions was examined, and it was found that cnoidal and dnoidal solutions stabilize in different ranges of the parameter space. Moreover, the model was studied under the influence of nonlocal effects and the polaronic dynamics was described in terms of internal solitonic modes., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures and Supplementary information
- Published
- 2019
19. Phase field crystal model for heterostructures
- Author
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Hai-Kuan Dong, Vili Heinonen, Tapio Ala-Nissila, Petri Hirvonen, Zheyong Fan, Ken Elder, Centre of Excellence in Quantum Technology, QTF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bohai University, Oakland University, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
GRAPHENE ,DYNAMICS ,Phase boundary ,Materials science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Parameter space ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Crystal ,ENERGY ,Lattice constant ,law ,Phase (matter) ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,010306 general physics ,INPLANE HETEROSTRUCTURES ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Graphene ,HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE ,Heterojunction ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,TRANSPORT ,Computational physics ,INTERFACE ,GROWTH ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Atomically thin 2-dimensional heterostructures are a promising, novel class of materials with groundbreaking properties. The possiblity of choosing the many constituent components and their proportions allows optimizing these materials to specific requirements. The wide adaptability comes with a cost of large parameter space making it hard to experimentally test all the possibilities. Instead, efficient computational modelling is needed. However, large range of relevant time and length scales related to physics of polycrystalline materials poses a challenge for computational studies. To this end, we present an efficient and flexible phase-field crystal model to describe the atomic configurations of multiple atomic species and phases coexisting in the same physical domain. We extensively benchmark the model for two-dimensional binary systems in terms of their elastic properties and phase boundary configurations and their energetics. As a concrete example, we demonstrate modelling lateral heterostructures of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. We consider both idealized bicrystals and large-scale systems with random phase distributions. We find consistent relative elastic moduli and lattice constants, as well as realistic continuous interfaces and faceted crystal shapes. Zigzag-oriented interfaces are observed to display the lowest formation energy., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Seeking high temperature superconductors in ambient from exemplary beryllium-based alloys
- Author
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Jonathan X. Zheng and X.H. Zheng
- Subjects
High-temperature superconductivity ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Alloy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,chemistry ,Cuprate superconductor ,law ,Crystal model ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Beryllium - Abstract
With the help of the McMillan formula and virtual crystal model, we predict $T_c$ may exceed 34 K in a beryllium-based alloy with a specific composition, reminiscent of $T_c$ = 35 K in the first cuprate superconductor. This may similarly inspire research efforts to seek high temperature superconductors in ambient., Comment: Accepted by Solid State Communications on 23/10/19
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. An HR-EBSD and computational crystal plasticity investigation of microstructural stress distributions and fatigue hotspots in polycrystalline copper
- Author
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D.W. MacLachlan, Fionn P.E. Dunne, M.A. Cuddihy, Jun Jiang, and V.V.C. Wan
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Effective stress ,Metals and Alloys ,Nucleation ,02 engineering and technology ,Slip (materials science) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Residual stress ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Ceramics and Composites ,Forensic engineering ,Grain boundary ,Composite material ,Hydrostatic stress ,0912 Materials Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Materials ,0913 Mechanical Engineering ,Electron backscatter diffraction - Abstract
High resolution EBSD studies on a deformed copper polycrystal have been carried out to quantify the microstructural residual stress distributions, and those of stress state including triaxiality of importance in defect nucleation studies. Crystal plasticity analysis of a representative, similarly textured, model polycrystal has been carried out showing that the experimental distributions of microstructural residual stress components, effective stress, hydrostatic stress and stress triaxiality are well captured. The crystal model enables point-wise microstructural Schmid factors to be calculated both globally (ie with respect to the macroscopic remote loading) and locally from full knowledge of the grain-level stress state. Significant differences are demonstrated such that global Schmid analysis tends to overestimate slip activity and the frequency of high Schmid factors, indicating that the local microstructural heterogeneity is significant and caution is necessary in interpreting polycrystal behaviour using global Schmid factors. A stored energy criterion for fatigue crack nucleation indicates that preferential sites for fatigue crack nucleation are local to grain boundaries (as opposed to triple junctions), and that hard-soft grain interfaces where high GND densities develop are preferable.
- Published
- 2016
22. β-Hematin Crystal Formation: New Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Small Clusters in Condensed Phase
- Author
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François-Yves Dupradeau, Fan Wang, Jean-Paul Becker, Pascal Sonnet, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources - UMR CNRS 7378 (LG2A ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire des Glucides (LG), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hydrogen bond ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Dimer ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Oligomer ,Force field (chemistry) ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Hydrophobic effect ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Molecular dynamics ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,law ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Crystallization - Abstract
International audience; Understanding the driving forces observed during the first steps of beta-hematin crystal formation is vital in view of developing new therapeutic treatments against malaria. In this context a new additive Amber force field specific to the cyclic dimer of ferriprotoporphyrin IX coordinated via Fe-O propionate bonds (FPD) was developed and validated in the context of a crystal model. The structure and dynamics of small clusters or oligomers of the FPD entity were studied by molecular dynamics in condensed phase. New hydrogen bond patterns were identified in the dynamical process of the simulations: the characteristic pair of coplanar hydrogen bonds reported in crystallographic structures between FPD sheets (Pagola et al. Nature 2000, 404, 307) is found to be in a subtle equilibrium with new hydrogen bonds between FPD located within the same sheet. Hydrophobic interactions appeared to play a key role in oligomer cohesion: clusters with intersheet hydrogen bonds are found unstable compared to clusters with embedded-type molecular systems. We propose that oligomers enclosing this kind of embedded structure could serve as elementary building motifs for crystal growth in the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium, and could represent an attractive target for impairing hemozoin formation in a therapeutic approach.
- Published
- 2016
23. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Orientation Effect on the Initial Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Single Crystals
- Author
-
Yue-Sheng Wang, Ya-Fang Guo, Qun Zu, Xiao-Zhi Tang, and Shuang Xu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Metallurgy ,Metals and Alloys ,Nucleation ,02 engineering and technology ,Slip (materials science) ,Plasticity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Molecular dynamics ,Deformation mechanism ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Composite material ,Deformation (engineering) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Crystal twinning - Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study the tension and compression deformation behaviors of magnesium single crystals with different orientations. The angle between the loading axis and the basal direction ranges from 0° to 90°. The simulation results show that the initial defects usually nucleate at free surfaces, but the initial plastic deformation and the subsequent microstructural evolutions are various due to different loading directions. The tension simulations exhibit the deformation mechanisms of twinning, slip, crystallographic reorientation and basal/prismatic transformation. The twinning, crystallographic reorientation and basal/prismatic transformation can only appear in the crystal model loaded along or near the a-axis or c-axis. For the compression simulations, the basal, prismatic and pyramidal slips are responsible for the initial plasticity, and no twinning is observed. Moreover, the plastic deformation models affect the yield strengths for the samples with different orientations. The maximum yield stresses for the samples loaded along the c-axis or a-axis are much higher than those loaded in other directions.
- Published
- 2016
24. Phonons near Peierls Structural Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Crystals of TTF-TCNQ
- Author
-
Silvia Andronic and A. Casian
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Phonon ,Peierls transition ,Operator (physics) ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polaron ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Deformation (engineering) ,0210 nano-technology ,Random phase approximation - Abstract
The Peierls structural transition in quasi-one-dimensional organic crystals of TTF-TCNQ is investigated in the frame of a more complete physical model. The two most important electron-phonon interaction mechanisms are taken into account simultaneously. One is similar of that of deformation potential and the other is of polaron type. For simplicity, the 2D crystal model is considered. The renormalized phonon spectrum and the phonon polarization operator are calculated in the random phase approximation for different temperatures. The effects of interchain interaction on renormalized acoustic phonons and on the Peierls critical temperature are analyzed.
- Published
- 2016
25. An Efficient and Accurate Method for the Conservative Swift–Hohenberg Equation and Its Numerical Implementation
- Author
-
Hyun Geun Lee
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Mathematics ,Pattern formation ,conservative swift–hohenberg equation ,mass conservation ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,Matlab code ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,01 natural sciences ,Term (time) ,010101 applied mathematics ,Swift–Hohenberg equation ,Nonlinear system ,linear method ,Crystal model ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Applied mathematics ,high-order time accuracy ,0101 mathematics ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Conservation of mass ,fourier spectral method ,Phase diagram ,Mathematics - Abstract
The conservative Swift&ndash, Hohenberg equation was introduced to reformulate the phase-field crystal model. A challenge in solving the conservative Swift&ndash, Hohenberg equation numerically is how to treat the nonlinear term to preserve mass conservation without compromising efficiency and accuracy. To resolve this problem, we present a linear, high-order, and mass conservative method by placing the linear and nonlinear terms in the implicit and explicit parts, respectively, and employing the implicit-explicit Runge&ndash, Kutta method. We show analytically that the method inherits the mass conservation. Numerical experiments are presented demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. In particular, long time simulation for pattern formation in 2D is carried out, where the phase diagram can be observed clearly. The MATLAB code for numerical implementation of the proposed method is provided in Appendix.
- Published
- 2020
26. Effect of Mg content on shear texture evolution at variable processing conditions in Al–Mg alloys
- Author
-
Soong-Keun Hyun, Chang-Hee Cho, and Hyeon-Woo Son
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,Torsion (mechanics) ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Strain rate ,Pole figure ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Distribution function ,Mechanics of Materials ,Stacking-fault energy ,Crystal model ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The current study is based on employing the torsional test parameters to observe the texture evolution of Al–Mg alloy with the face-centered cubic structure. We considered the Mg content in the alloy, which is an alloying composition, as our prime test parameter and examined how its variations are related to the test variables, such as temperature and strain rate. To confirm the torsion texture evolution of Al–Mg alloy, it was tested using the electron backscattered diffraction method and represented using a pole figure and an orientation distribution function. In the Al–Mg alloy, the change of Mg content causes a transformation of the physical properties, such as the stacking fault energy. Therefore, the difference in the shear texture evolution is observed to be remarkable. Further, the test results were compared to examine the validity of the rate sensitive crystal model. As the Mg content and strain rate increase, a specific face-centered cubic texture has been pronounced. Furthermore, as the temperature rises, the intensity of A fiber weakens, and the overall orientation distribution becomes random. From the results, this shear texture is discovered to be well suited for the rate sensitive crystal model, which demonstrates that the orientation persistence increases with increasing Mg content, higher strain rate, and lower temperatures.
- Published
- 2020
27. Long-time simulation of the phase-field crystal equation using high-order energy-stable CSRK methods
- Author
-
Jaemin Shin, Hyun Geun Lee, and June-Yub Lee
- Subjects
Physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Numerical analysis ,Mathematical analysis ,Computational Mechanics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Pattern formation ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,010101 applied mathematics ,Crystal ,Indicator function ,Mechanics of Materials ,Crystal model ,0101 mathematics ,Balanced flow ,Energy (signal processing) ,Energy functional - Abstract
The phase-field crystal (PFC) equation is derived by the gradient flow for the Swift–Hohenberg free energy functional; thus, the numerical method requires the energy of the functional to decrease. Convex Splitting Runge–Kutta (CSRK) methods can be suitably applied to achieve high-order temporal accuracy as well as unconditional energy stability and unique solvability. For the PFC equation, we prove the unconditional energy stability and unique solvability of the CSRK methods and provide one family of parameters of the second-order CSRK methods and possible examples of third-order CSRK methods. We present numerical experiments to demonstrate the accuracy and energy stability of the methods. Specifically, based on the high-order accuracy and energy stability of the CSRK method, we propose an indicator function capable of characterizing the pattern formation of the phase-field crystal model for long-time simulation.
- Published
- 2020
28. Predicting wax appearance temperature and precipitation profile of normal alkane systems: An explicit co-crystal model
- Author
-
Meng Wang and Chau-Chyun Chen
- Subjects
Alkane ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Wax ,010405 organic chemistry ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Flow assurance ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermodynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Lamella (surface anatomy) ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Crystal model ,visual_art ,Phase (matter) ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Wax precipitation is a major flow assurance issue for petroleum production, oil blending, downstream processing, and oil products usage. While numerous thermodynamic models have been proposed to calculate wax appearance temperature (WAT) and precipitation profile at temperatures below WAT, the existing models are correlative in nature and fail to comply with phase behavior experimentally observed for wax precipitation. This work presents a predictive thermodynamic model for wax precipitation based on an explicit co-crystal formation assumption for precipitated wax, a treatment consistent with experimental findings. With a simple Flory-Huggins expression accounting for the liquid phase nonideality and the treatment of lamella structure for wax precipitation below WAT, the model satisfactorily predicts WAT at low pressures for multicomponent paraffin mixtures and wax precipitation amounts and contents as the temperature drops below WAT.
- Published
- 2020
29. Chiral-imbalance density wave in baryonic matters
- Author
-
Mamiya Kawaguchi and Shinya Matsuzaki
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,Skyrmion ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear matter ,01 natural sciences ,Density wave theory ,Magnetic field ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Pion ,Quantum electrodynamics ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Topological order ,Anomaly (physics) ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We propose a new chirality-imbalance phenomenon arising in baryonic/high dense matters under a magnetic field. A locally chiral-imbalanced (parity-odd) domain can be created due to the electromagnetically induced $U(1)_A$ anomaly in high-dense matters. The proposed local-chiral imbalance generically possesses a close relationship to a spacial distribution of an inhomogeneous chiral (pion)-vector current coupled to the magnetic field. To demonstrate such a nontrivial correlation, we take the skyrmion crystal approach to model baryonic/high dense matters. Remarkably enough, we find the chirality-imbalance distribution takes a wave form in a high density region (dobbed ``chiral-imbalance density wave''), when the inhomogeneous chiral condensate develops to form a chiral density wave. This implies the emergence of a nontrivial density wave for the explicitly broken $U(1)_A$ current simultaneously with the chiral density wave for the spontaneously broken chiral-flavor current. We further find that the topological phase transition in the skyrmion crystal model (between skyrmion and half-skyrmion phases) undergoes the deformation of the chiral-imbalance density wave in shape and periodicity. The emergence of this chiral-imbalance density wave could give a crucial contribution to studies on the chiral phase transition, as well as the nuclear matter structure, in compact stars under a magnetic field., 11 pages, 16 figures
- Published
- 2020
30. Defects at grain boundaries: A coarse-grained, three-dimensional description by the amplitude expansion of the phase-field crystal model
- Author
-
Rainer Backofen, Axel Voigt, Ken Elder, and Marco Salvalaglio
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Condensed matter physics ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Crystal ,Grain growth ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Lattice constant ,Crystal model ,Lattice (order) ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Dislocation ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Anisotropy - Abstract
We address a three-dimensional, coarse-grained description of dislocation networks at grain boundaries between rotated crystals. The so-called amplitude expansion of the phase-field crystal model is exploited with the aid of finite element method calculations. This approach allows for the description of microscopic features, such as dislocations, while simultaneously being able to describe length scales that are orders of magnitude larger than the lattice spacing. Moreover, it allows for the direct description of extended defects by means of a scalar order parameter. The versatility of this framework is shown by considering both fcc and bcc lattice symmetries and different rotation axes. First, the specific case of planar, twist grain boundaries is illustrated. The details of the method are reported and the consistency of the results with literature is discussed. Then, the dislocation networks forming at the interface between a spherical, rotated crystal embedded in an unrotated crystalline structure, are shown. Although explicitly accounting for dislocations which lead to an anisotropic shrinkage of the rotated grain, the extension of the spherical grain boundary is found to decrease linearly over time in agreement with the classical theory of grain growth and recent atomistic investigations. It is shown that the results obtained for a system with bcc symmetry agree very well with existing results, validating the methodology. Furthermore, fully original results are shown for fcc lattice symmetry, revealing the generality of the reported observations., 11 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2018
31. Resting and Traveling Localized States in an Active Phase-Field-Crystal Model
- Author
-
Svetlana V. Gurevich, Lukas Ophaus, and Uwe Thiele
- Subjects
Physics ,Field (physics) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Nonlinear system ,Numerical continuation ,Classical mechanics ,law ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Homoclinic orbit ,Crystallization ,010306 general physics ,Bifurcation ,Linear stability - Abstract
The conserved Swift-Hohenberg equation (or phase-field-crystal [PFC] model) provides a simple microscopic description of the thermodynamic transition between fluid and crystalline states. Combining it with elements of the Toner-Tu theory for self-propelled particles, Menzel and Lowen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 055702 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.055702] obtained a model for crystallization (swarm formation) in active systems. Here, we study the occurrence of resting and traveling localized states, i.e., crystalline clusters, within the resulting active PFC model. Based on linear stability analyses and numerical continuation of the fully nonlinear states, we present a detailed analysis of the bifurcation structure of periodic and localized, resting and traveling states in a one-dimensional active PFC model. This allows us, for instance, to explore how the slanted homoclinic snaking of steady localized states found for the passive PFC model is amended by activity. A particular focus lies on the onset of motion, where we show that it occurs either through a drift-pitchfork or a drift-transcritical bifurcation. A corresponding general analytical criterion is derived.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Magnetic field effect on nuclear matter from skyrmion crystal model
- Author
-
Shinya Matsuzaki, Yong-Liang Ma, and Mamiya Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Skyrmion ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear matter ,01 natural sciences ,Magnetic field ,Crystal ,Baryon ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Stars ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Crystal model ,Phase (matter) ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We explore magnetic field effects on the nuclear matter based on the skrymion crystal approach for the first time. It is found that the magnetic effect plays the role of a catalyzer for the topological phase transition (topological deformation for the skyrmion crystal configuration from the skrymion phase to half-skyrmion phase). Furthermore, we observe that in the presence of the magnetic field, the inhomogeneous chiral condensate persists both in the skyrmion and half-skyrmion phases. Explicitly, as the strength of magnetic field gets larger, the inhomogeneous chiral condensate in the skyrmion phase tends to be drastically localized, while in the half-skyrmion phase the inhomogeneity configuration is hardly affected. It also turns out that a large magnetic effect in a low density region distorts the baryon shape to an elliptic form but the crystal structure is intact. However, in a high density region, the crystal structure is strongly effected by the strong magnetic field. A possible correlation between the chiral inhomogeneity and the deformation of the skrymion configuration is also addressed. The results obtained in this paper might be realized in the deep interior of compact stars., Comment: 13 pages, 31 figures, minor corrections made, some revision made, references added
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Chiral soliton lattice effect on baryonic matter from skyrmion crystal model
- Author
-
Shinya Matsuzaki, Yong-Liang Ma, and Mamiya Kawaguchi
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Phonon ,Mathematics::Operator Algebras ,Skyrmion ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Computer Science::Numerical Analysis ,Topological defect ,Baryon ,Massless particle ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Theoretical physics ,Mean field theory ,Crystal model ,Lattice (order) ,Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory - Abstract
The chiral soliton lattice (CSL) has been studied in condensed-matter system such as chiral magnets, which arises as a parity-violating topological soliton. In hadron physics, various attempts have also been made to apply the idea of CSL to baryonic matter. In this work, we explore the CSL effects on the baryonic matter based on the skrymion crystal approach. It is found that the CSL causes an inverse catalysis for the topology change in the dense baryonic matter. Furthermore, we observe that the CSL makes the single-baryon shape deformed to be highly oscillating as the frequency of the CSL gets larger, which leads to the enhancement of a baryon energy. Of interest is that in a high density region, the CSL goes away due to the topology change in the baryonic matter. What we find here might deepen our understanding of dense matter systems as well as compact stars., Comment: 12 pages, 29 figures
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. REDUCED ISOTROPIC CRYSTAL MODEL WITH RESPECT TO THE FOURTH-ORDER ELASTIC MODULI
- Author
-
O. Burlayenko, A. Naumovets, and V. Khodusov
- Subjects
Physics ,Mathematical analysis ,Isotropy ,Crystal system ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Cubic crystal system ,cubic crystal system ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Moduli ,fourth order elastic moduli ,isotropic crystal ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Tensor ,Elasticity (economics) ,phonon interaction ,Elastic modulus ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
Using a reduced isotropic crystal model the relationship between the fourth-order elastic moduli of an isotropic medium and the independent components of the fourth-order elastic moduli tensor of real crystals of various crystal systems is found. To calculate the coefficients of these relations, computer algebra systems Redberry and Mathematica for working with high order tensors in the symbolic and explicit form were used, in light of the overly complex computation. In an isotropic medium, there are four independent fourth order elastic moduli. This is due to the presence of four invariants for an eighth-rank tensor in the three-dimensional space, that has symmetries over the pairs of indices. As an example, the moduli of elasticity of an isotropic medium corresponding to certain crystals of cubic system are given (LiF, NaCl, MgO, CaF2). From the obtained results it can be seen that the reduced isotropic crystal model can be most effectively applied to high-symmetry crystal systems.
- Published
- 2018
35. Traveling wave profiles for a crystalline front invading liquid states: Analytical and numerical solutions
- Author
-
Peter Galenko, Ken Elder, and F. Iunes Sanches
- Subjects
Steady state ,business.industry ,Front (oceanography) ,Phase (waves) ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Crystal ,Amplitude ,Optics ,Crystal model ,Metastability ,0103 physical sciences ,Traveling wave ,010306 general physics ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
The properties of a two dimensional crystalline phase invading a metastable or unstable liquid state are examined using the amplitude expansion formulation of the hyperbolic and parabolic phase-field crystal model. When the amplitudes are real and equal to each other, analytic expressions are derived for the profile of a steady state liquid–solid front traveling at constant velocity. Numerical simulations of the full amplitude formulation are conducted and compared with the analytic results. Close to the melting transition the analytic results for the liquid–solid profile, velocity and width are in quantitative agreement with the numerical results and disagree far from the transition.
- Published
- 2015
36. Recent Developments in Modeling Heteroepitaxy/Heterogeneous Nucleation by Dynamical Density Functional Theory
- Author
-
Gyula I. Tóth, Frigyes Podmaniczky, László Gránásy, and György Tegze
- Subjects
Materials science ,Metallurgy ,Metals and Alloys ,Nucleation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Epitaxy ,law.invention ,Contact angle ,Stress (mechanics) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Chemical physics ,law ,Crystal model ,Phase (matter) ,Physical chemistry ,Density functional theory ,Crystallization - Abstract
Crystallization of supersaturated liquids usually starts by epitaxial growth or by heterogeneous nucleation on foreign surfaces. Herein, we review recent advances made in modeling heteroepitaxy and heterogeneous nucleation on flat/modulated surfaces and nanoparticles within the framework of a simple dynamical density functional theory, known as the phase-field crystal model. It will be shown that the contact angle and the nucleation barrier are nonmonotonous functions of the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the crystalline phase. In continuous cooling studies for substrates with lattice mismatch, we recover qualitatively the Matthews–Blakeslee mechanism of stress release via the misfit dislocations. The simulations performed for particle-induced freezing will be confronted with recent analytical results, exploring thus the validity range of the latter. It will be demonstrated that time-dependent studies are essential, as investigations based on equilibrium properties often cannot identify the preferred nucleation pathways. Modeling of these phenomena is essential for designing materials on the basis of controlled nucleation and/or nano-patterning.
- Published
- 2015
37. What do triple-frequency radar signatures reveal about aggregate snowflakes?
- Author
-
Dmitri Moisseev and Jussi Leinonen
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ice crystals ,business.industry ,Discrete dipole approximation ,01 natural sciences ,Ku band ,Computational physics ,010309 optics ,Crystal ,Geophysics ,Optics ,W band ,Space and Planetary Science ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Ka band ,Snowflake ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A large data set of volume element models of aggregate snowflakes was created, building the snowflakes from various models of ice crystals found in the atmosphere: dendrites, needles, plates, and bullet rosettes, as well as spheroidal crystals for comparison. Several different sizes for the constituent crystals were also used. The radar backscattering cross sections of the snowflakes were computed from the models using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) at 13.6 GHz (Ku band), 35.6 GHz (Ka band) and 94.0 GHz (W band), and the effects of the choice of crystal model and size on the Ku/Ka band and Ka/W band dual-wavelength ratios (DWR) was investigated. It was found that the aggregate DWRs were very similar for all naturally occurring ice crystal types investigated in this study. This implies that the choice of crystal type is at most of secondary importance in the forward model of scattering used for snowfall retrievals but also, conversely, that the identification of the crystal type from triple-frequency observations is likely to be difficult. In contrast, the size of the constituent ice crystals does have a nonnegligible impact on the triple-frequency signatures. Additionally, it was found that the triple-frequency signatures found in some experimental data, resembling those resulting from spheroidal model snowflakes, cannot be reproduced using the aggregates with any of the crystal types that were investigated. This suggests that besides aggregation, other mechanisms of snowflake formation from ice crystals must be considered in snowfall retrieval algorithms.
- Published
- 2015
38. Dislocation dynamics and crystal plasticity in the phase field crystal model
- Author
-
Luiza Angheluta, Audun Skaugen, and Jorge Viñals
- Subjects
Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed matter physics ,Field (physics) ,Linear elasticity ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Topological defect ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Amplitude ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Hexagonal lattice ,Dislocation ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Burgers vector - Abstract
A phase field model of a crystalline material at the mesoscale is introduced to develop the necessary theoretical framework to study plastic flow due to dislocation motion. We first obtain the elastic stress from the phase field free energy and show that it obeys the stress strain relation of linear elasticity. Dislocations in a two dimensional hexagonal lattice are shown to be composite topological defects in the amplitude expansion of the phase field, with topological charges given by the Burgers vector. This allows us to introduce a formal relation between dislocation velocity and the evolution of the coarse grained envelopes of the phase field. Standard dissipative dynamics of the phase field crystal model is shown to determine the velocity of the dislocations. When the amplitude equation is valid, we derive the Peach-Koehler force on a dislocation, and compute the associated defect mobility. A numerical integration of the phase field crystal equations in two dimensions is used to compute the motion of a dislocation dipole, and good agreement is found with the theoretical predictions., 11 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2017
39. Formulation of strongly non-local, non-isothermal dynamics for heterogeneous solids based on the GENERIC with application to phase-field modeling
- Author
-
Bob Svendsen, Markus Hütter, and Polymer Technology
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Phase transition ,Materials science ,Field (physics) ,Generalization ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Isothermal process ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Phase field ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,Non-isothermal ,lcsh:TA401-492 ,GENERIC ,Solids ,Statistical physics ,Mathematical physics ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Strongly non-local ,Multicomponent ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Multiphase - Abstract
Materials Theory 1(2), [1]-20 (2017). doi:10.1186/s41313-017-0004-2, Published by Springer International Publishers, [Cham]
- Published
- 2017
40. Simulating complex crystal structures using the phase-field crystal model
- Author
-
David Montiel, Eli Alster, Peter W. Voorhees, and Katsuyo Thornton
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Physics::Optics ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Crystal structure ,Cubic crystal system ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,Crystal ,Correlation function ,Crystal model ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Diamond cubic ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Structure factor ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
We introduce a phase-field crystal model that creates an array of complex three- and two-dimensional crystal structures via a numerically tractable three-point correlation function. The three-point correlation function is designed in order to energetically favor the principal interplanar angles of a target crystal structure. This is achieved via an analysis performed by examining the crystal's structure factor. This approach successfully yields energetically stable simple cubic, diamond cubic, simple hexagonal, graphene layers, and CaF$_2$ crystals. To illustrate the ability of the method to yield a particularly complex and technologically important crystal structure, we show how this three-point correlation function method can be used to generate perovskite crystals.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Polaron dynamics with off-diagonal coupling: beyond the Ehrenfest approximation
- Author
-
Zhongkai Huang, Chang-Qin Wu, Lipeng Chen, Yang Zhao, Frank Grossmann, and Lu Wang
- Subjects
Physics ,Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) ,Exciton ,Diagonal ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polaron ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,01 natural sciences ,Reciprocal lattice ,Variational method ,Variational principle ,Crystal model ,Quantum mechanics ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Ansatz - Abstract
Treated traditionally by the Ehrenfest approximation, dynamics of a one-dimensional molecular crystal model with off-diagonal exciton-phonon coupling is investigated in this work using the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational principle with the multi-D$_2$ {\it Ansatz}. It is shown that the Ehrenfest method is equivalent to our variational method with the single D$_2$ {\it Ansatz}, and with the multi-D$_2$ {\it Ansatz}, the accuracy of our simulated dynamics is significantly enhanced in comparison with the semi-classical Ehrenfest dynamics. The multi-D$_2$ {\it Ansatz} is able to capture numerically accurate exciton momentum probability and help clarify the relation between the exciton momentum redistribution and the exciton energy relaxation. The results demonstrate that the exciton momentum distributions in the steady state are determined by a combination of the transfer integral and the off-diagonal coupling strength, independent of the excitonic initial conditions. We also probe the effect of the transfer integral and the off-diagonal coupling on exciton transport in both real and reciprocal space representations. Finally, the variational method with importance sampling is employed to investigate temperature effects on exciton transport using the multi-$\rm D_2$ {\it Ansatz}, and it is demonstrated that the variational approach is valid in both low and high temperature regimes.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Misfit and dislocation nucleation during heteroepitaxial growth
- Author
-
Muhammad Ajmal Choudhary, Heike Emmerich, and Julia Kundin
- Subjects
Shearing (physics) ,Materials science ,General Computer Science ,Condensed matter physics ,Nucleation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Computational Mathematics ,Crystallography ,Lattice constant ,Mechanics of Materials ,Lattice (order) ,Crystal model ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Dislocation ,Anisotropy - Abstract
In this paper we present the application of an anisotropic phase-field crystal model to the process of the heteroepitaxial growth in anisotropic systems. During the growth of the thin films with sheared non-cubic lattice the elastic strain gives rise to dislocations and grain boundaries due to the difference between the film and the substrate lattice in terms of lattice constant (misfit) and lattice shearing (anisotropy difference). The numerical simulations for various misfits and anisotropy difference demonstrate that the anisotropic evolution equation for the phase-field variables allows to simulate the growth of the layers in anisotropic systems. We investigate this phenomenon and derive the relationships for the phenomenological dependencies such as the dependence of the characteristic layer thickness and the number of defects on the misfit for various anisotropy difference based on our recently developed anisotropic phase-field crystal model [28] .
- Published
- 2014
43. Comparison between density functional theory and density functional tight binding approaches for finding the muon stopping site in organic molecular crystals
- Author
-
Samuel Jackson, Simone Sturniolo, and Leandro Liborio
- Subjects
Physics ,Software suite ,Muon ,010304 chemical physics ,business.industry ,Muonium ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Tight binding ,Software ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,CASTEP ,Density functional theory ,Statistical physics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
Finding the possible stopping sites for muons inside a crystalline sample is a key problem of muon spectroscopy. In a previous study, we suggested a computational approach to this problem when dealing with muonium, the pseudoatom formed by a positive muon that has captured an electron, using density functional theory software in combination with a random structure searching approach that relies on a Poisson sphere distribution. In this work, we test this methodology further by applying it to muonium in three organic molecular crystal model systems: durene, bithiophene, and tetracyanoquinodimethane. Using the same sets of random structures, we compare the performance of density functional theory software CASTEP and the much faster lower level approximation of Density Functional Tight Binding provided by DFTB+ combined with the use of the 3ob-3-1 parameter set. We show the benefits and limitations of such an approach, and we propose the use of DFTB+ as a viable alternative to more cumbersome simulations for routine site-finding in organic materials. Finally, we introduce the Muon Spectroscopy Computational Project software suite, a library of Python tools meant to make these methods standardized and easy to use.
- Published
- 2019
44. Study on Dependence of Ductile Fracture Progress on Grain-Boundary Due to FCC Tri-Crystal Model
- Author
-
Noriaki Gotoh, Setsuo Miura, Yuta Okuda, Jun-ichi Shibano, and Michiaki Kobayashi
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Crystal model ,Metallurgy ,Fracture (geology) ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary - Published
- 2013
45. Orientation selection process during the early stage of cubic dendrite growth: A phase-field crystal study
- Author
-
Yaolin Guo, Zhijun Wang, Yan-Mei Yu, Jincheng Wang, Sai Tang, and Yaohe Zhou
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Condensed matter physics ,Metals and Alloys ,Crystal growth ,Cubic crystal system ,Atomic units ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Crystal ,Dodecahedron ,Crystallography ,Dendrite (crystal) ,Crystal model ,Ceramics and Composites ,Anisotropy - Abstract
Using the phase-field crystal model, we investigate the orientation selection of the cubic dendrite growth at the atomic scale. Our simulation results reproduce how a face-centered cubic (fcc) octahedral nucleus and a body-centered cubic (bcc) truncated-rhombic dodecahedral nucleus choose the preferred growth direction and then evolve into the dendrite pattern. The interface energy anisotropy inherent in the fcc crystal structure leads to the fastest growth velocity in the directions. New {111} atomic layers prefer to nucleate at positions near the tips of the fcc octahedron, which leads to the directed growth of the fcc dendrite tips in the directions. A similar orientation selection process is also found during the early stage of bcc dendrite growth. The orientation selection regime obtained by phase-field crystal simulation is helpful for understanding the orientation selection processes of real dendrite growth. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2012
46. Second sound waves in diamond
- Author
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A. S. Naumovets and Valery Khodusov
- Subjects
Physics ,Phonon scattering ,Condensed matter physics ,Phonon ,Mechanical Engineering ,Isotropy ,Diamond ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Thermal conductivity ,Crystal model ,Second sound ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Elasticity (economics) - Abstract
The possibility of propagation of second sound waves in diamond single crystals depending on their dimensions, concentrations of isotopes and temperature is studied. At this correct account of phonon scattering on boundaries is important. The calculation of phonon collision frequencies is carried out in the reduced isotropic crystal model using second and third modules of elasticity and in Callaway model on the basis of experimental data on diamond thermal conductivity. Both models give us the consistent values of parameters under which the propagation of SSW is possible. It is discovered in concentrations of isotopes 13 C − 6 , temperatures T
- Published
- 2012
47. STABILITY FOR NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS WITH STRETCHING TERMS
- Author
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María Ángeles Rodríguez-Bellido, Blanca Climent-Ezquerra, Francisco Guillén-González, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España, and Junta de Andalucía
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Biaxial nematic ,Asymptotic stability ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Existence ,Stability (probability) ,Regularity ,Optics ,Exponential stability ,Liquid crystal ,Modeling and Simulation ,Crystal model ,Periodic boundary conditions ,Molecule ,Nematic Liquid Crystal system ,business ,Stability ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Stretching effects - Abstract
We study a nematic crystal model appearing in [Liu et al.,2007] modeling stretching effects depending on the different shape of microscopic molecules of the material, under periodic boundary conditions. The aim of the present article is twofold: to extend the results given in [Sun & Liu, 2009], to a model with more complete stretching terms and to obtain some stability and asymptotic stability properties for this model. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Junta de Andalucía
- Published
- 2010
48. Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of a GaAs/In0.3Ga0.7As Single Quantum Well Grown on a GaAs (001) Substrate
- Author
-
Fahad A. Althowibi and John E. Ayers
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Bragg peak ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Epitaxy ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Reflection (mathematics) ,Hardware and Architecture ,Crystal model ,0103 physical sciences ,X-ray crystallography ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dislocation ,0210 nano-technology ,Quantum well - Abstract
We applied the mosaic crystal model to calculate the dynamical x-ray rocking curves for a coherently-strained GaAs/In0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs single quantum well grown epitaxially on a GaAs (001) substrate for a number of reflection profiles, including 004, 113, 224, 044 and 444 reflections. We show that it is possible to estimate the threading dislocation density in the quantum well, and therefore detect the pseudomorphic-metamorphic transition, using the widths or normalized intensities of the primary quantum well Bragg peak, or using the widths of the Pendellösung fringes associated with the quantum well structure.
- Published
- 2018
49. On the mechanisms of fatigue facet nucleation in titanium alloys
- Author
-
David Rugg and Fionn P.E. Dunne
- Subjects
Facet (geometry) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nucleation ,Titanium alloy ,Plasticity ,Crystal plasticity ,Faceting ,Creep ,Mechanics of Materials ,Crystal model ,Forensic engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material - Abstract
A crystal plasticity model for near-alpha hcp titanium alloys embodying a quasi-cleavage failure mechanism is presented and employed to investigate the conditions necessary in order for facet nucleation to occur in cold-dwell fatigue. A model polycrystal is used to investigate the effects of combinations of crystallographic orientations (and in particular, a rogue grain combination), the essential role of (cold) creep during hold periods in the loading cycle and the more damaging effect of a load hold rather than a strain hold in facet nucleation. Direct comparisons of model predictions are made with dwell fatigue test results. More generally, the crystal model for faceting is found to be consistent with a range of experimental observations.
- Published
- 2008
50. Intermolecular Dynamics in Crystalline Iron Octaethylporphyrin (FeOEP)
- Author
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Valeriia N. Starovoitova, W. Robert Scheidt, Stephen M. Durbin, Wolfgang Sturhahn, E. Ercan Alp, and Graeme R. A. Wyllie
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,Porphyrins ,Chemistry ,Phonon ,Infrared ,Iron ,Intermolecular force ,Molecular Conformation ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,Vibration ,Molecular physics ,Article ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Crystallography ,symbols.namesake ,Normal mode ,Crystal model ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
The new technique of nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) has increased the range and quality of dynamical data from Fe-containing molecules that when combined with Raman and infrared spectroscopies impose stricter constraints on normal mode simulations, especially at lower frequencies. Going beyond the usual single molecule approximation, a classical normal-mode analysis that includes intermolecular coupling and the full crystalline symmetry is found to produce a better fit with fewer free parameters for the heme compound iron octaethylporphyrin (FeOEP), using NRVS data from polycrystalline material. Off-diagonal force constants were completely unnecessary, indicating that their role in previous single molecule fits was just to emulate intermolecular coupling. Sound velocities deduced from the calculated phonon dispersion curves are compared to NRVS measurements to further constrain the intermolecular force constants. The NRVS data by themselves are insufficient to rigorously determine all unknown force constants for molecules of this size, but the improved crystal model fit indicates the necessity of including intermolecular interactions for normal-mode analyses.
- Published
- 2008
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