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This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the HVDC system's impact on distance protection via systematic and realistic experimental tests, along with theoretical analysis of the root causes of the identified compromised protection performance. A methodology for quantifying the impact of Synchronous Compensation (SC) in supporting the distance protection operation is also established. In this work, the performance of two widely used physical distance protection relays have been evaluated using a realistic Hardware'In'the'Loop (HIL) testing environment, where a total of 480 cases have been tested under a wide range of system scenarios. Representative cases with compromised protection performance are selected, where issues of under/over'reach, faulted phase selection and impedance measurement are identified and analysed. Furthermore, a method for quantifying the required SC level to address the under/over'reach issues resulting from HVDC systems is presented. The method establishes the relationship between the angle difference of the two'end fault current infeeds of the protected line and the SC level. Based on this relationship, the required SC capacity to constrain the angle difference within a targeted limit can be estimated, which offers a useful tool for system operators to appropriately size the SC's capacity with additional valuable insights from the distance protection perspective.

This paper outlines the demonstration of partially selective and fully selective HVDC protection systems using a simulated industrial case study HVDC network, hardware HVDC protection IED prototypes, and simulated HVDC circuit breaker models. A summary of results are presented demonstrating the performance of the protection IEDs and indicating successful operation of the overall HVDC protection system according to system-level indicators. The presented results are intended to increase confidence that HVDC protection systems for multivendor HVDC networks are near ready for full-scale industrial implementation., QC 20220926Part of proceedings: ISBN

Future large scale HVDC systems must have components from different manufacturers, however, this will require multi-vendor interoperability. This paper studies multi-vendor interoperability of HVDC protection IEDs using hardware IED prototypes developed by industrial and academic partners. Multi-vendor interoperability tests are performed using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations based on open-access converter models configured to represent the proposed three-terminal design of an extension to an existing point-to-point HVDC system in the UK. In particular, this paper focuses on developing testing procedures for IEDs in a multi-vendor environment and identifying possible interoperability issues. Interoperability of two hardware IEDs is demonstrated during primary protection, IED failure backup protection and breaker failure backup protection. In each case, the protection scheme operates correctly and it is shown that, in the studied scenarios,the protection IEDs are interoperable., QC 20200603

This paper aims to demonstrate a partially selective protection strategy for multiterminal VSC-HVDC systems using a simulated industrial case study network. In order to increase confidence that such a protection strategy would be suitable for implementation on a future network, this paper uses hardware protection intelligent electronic devices (IED) prototypes from industry and academia, HVDC circuit breaker models that have been developed in collaboration with manufacturers, and a realistic case study network. The tests performed within this study are used to evaluate the performance of the protection IED in a realistic system, and examine the operation of the partially selective protection strategy at the system level. Results presented indicate that each IED achieved fast fault detection,reliable discrimination, and that the circuit breaker models were able to successfully isolate the faulted circuit, indicating the success of the partially selective protection strategy., QC 20210909