Search

The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related to the development of renal disease in different populations. Our aim was to study the association of MS with chronic renal disease a hypertensive population. We did the study between a population of 1231 patients attended in our Hypertension Unit with a previous diagnosis of essential hypertension we selected 581 (51.6% males), with a age of 56,8 ± 13,7 years, and basal normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [e-GFR] calculated by MDRD formula >60/ml/min/1.73m2) and without microalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio

Hyperuricemia has been related with the development of arterial hypertension Cystatin C, a marker of renal function has been proposed recently as a marker of cardiovascular risk, independently of renal function. We investigate if serum uric acid is related with serum cystatin C in patients with essential hypertension. We included 885 patients (50.7% males), aged 57,8 +/- 14,9 y., diagnosed of essential hypertension and attended in our Hypertension Unit during a 12 month. We performed in all of them a clinical history, a physical examination and routine analysis, including cystatin C (Nephelometry, Behring). Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 7 mg/dl (males) or >6 mg/dl (females) or being on treatment with allopurinol. The result was that 272 patients had hyperuricemia (30,7%) with male predominance (36.1%) vs. females (25.5%), [p < 0.0001]. Serum cystatin C did not shown gender differences (males 0.87 +/- 0.269 mg/L and females (0.90 +/- 0.47 mg/L), [p: 0.061]. After adjusting for age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and diuretic (38.2%) and allopurinol treatment (8.1%), serum uric acid showed a positive correlation with abdominal circumference(r:0.277, p< 0,0001), triglycerides(r:0.195, p < 0.0001), body mass index (r:0,274, p< 0.0001), total cholesterol (r:0.136, p =0.009, LDL-cholesterol (r:0.104; p= 0.049), microalbuminuria (r:0.163, p =0.002), serum ferritin (r.0.108, p= 0.041) and cystatin C (r:0.302, p < 0.0001). Others partial correlations analysed (HDL-cholesterol, glucose, CRP, fibrinogen and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) did not shown significant differences. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, gender, MDRD-GFR, and diuretic and allopurinol treatment, showed that triglycerides (B = 0.004, IC 95%:0.002–0.005; p< 0.0001), BMI (B = 0.038, IC 95%: 0.012–0.065; p = 0.005), abdominal circumference (B = 0.013, IC 95%: 0.002–0.25; p = 0.023 and cystatin C (B= 0.875, IC 95%: 0.509–1.241; p < 0.0001) as independent determinants of uric acid levels (model R2= 0.36). In conclusion, in our hypertensive patients serum cystatin C was the main independent predictor of serum uric acid levels. This association, independent of renal function and diuretic and allopurinol treatment, support the relationship of both parameters as cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. 3.980 JCR (2010) Q1, 13/68 Peripheral vascular disease

El comercio masivo y el uso intensivo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, supone mayores riesgos para el consumidor o usuario. Este trabajo considera que en Internet es tan difícil separar la publicidad del resto de las áreas de marketing, ya que en Internet, simultáneamente, se anuncia, se ejecuta la transacción comercial, se informa técnicamente, se aconseja al consumidor, se ofrece regalos y se prosigue el servicio postventa. Por ello se determinará la naturaleza particular de la publicidad y sus diferencias con la oferta, se expondrán las características del medio en que se realiza (espacio cibernético) y los riesgos que enfrenta estas personas o consumidores en la actividad de comercio electrónico, partiendo de algunos derechos de los consumidores vulnerados en este acto de comercio. Para ello se hará una revisión documental y se indicarán las etapas de una operación electrónica real que sirva de evidencia indicando la incidencia de la publicidad en cada una de ellas. Concluyéndose que la influencia de la publicidad en el consumidor y el carácter informativo de la misma afecta al consentimiento contractual desde la etapa precontractual.Abstract The massive trade and the intensive use of information and communication technologies, is more likely for consumer or user. This paper considers that the Internet is as difficult to separate advertising from other marketing areas, as the Internet, simultaneously announcing, running the business transaction, technical reports on, the consumer, offering gifts and continued after sales service. This will be determined by the particular nature of publicity and its differences with the offer, will describe the characteristics of the environment is performed (cyberspace) and the risks faced by these people or consumers in e-commerce activity, based on some consumer rights violated in this act of commerce. This will be a literature review and indicate the stages of a real electronic transaction that serves as evidence indicating the impact of publicity on each of them. Concluding that the influence of publicity on the consumer and the informative character of the same affect the contractual consent from the pre-contractual stage. No FinanciadoAgradecimientos al Consejo de Desarrollo Cientifico y Humanistico (CONDES) yel Instituto de Filosofía del Derecho de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia