Search

El propósito del artículo es reflexionar acerca de una epistemología latinoamericana y caribeña, considerando que casi todo el pensamiento a lo largo de la historia se ha caracterizado por la hegemonía euronorteamericana. En tal sentido, se hizo una hermeneúsis documental de algunas de las principales producciones que se han hecho desde y para la región. En primer lugar, para demostrar que a pesar de esta primacía se han realizado valiosos planteamientos, que tienen elementos comunes entre sí y con la postura de la autora, quien forma parte de una red de investigadores desde la cual se viene planteando una epistemología transcompleja, cuya característica fundamental es la complementariedad de ideas, autores, paradigmas, teorías y enfoques. Estos y otros elementos permiten comprender, explicar y transformar esta realidad compleja y diversa.

Macroeconomic uncertainty regularly fluctuates in the data. Theory suggests complementarity between capital and labor inputs in production can generate time-varying endogenous uncertainty because the concavity in the production function influences how output responds to productivity shocks in different states of the economy. This paper examines whether complementarity is a quantitatively significant source of time-varying endogenous uncertainty by estimating a nonlinear real business cycle model with a constant elasticity of substitution production function and exogenous volatility shocks. When matching labor share and uncertainty moments, we find at most 16% of the volatility of uncertainty is endogenous. An estimated model without exogenous volatility shocks can endogenously generate all of the empirical variation in uncertainty, but only at the expense of significantly overstating the volatility of the labor share.

This paper examines the interactive dynamics of autonomous and heteronomous motives for maintaining morality. Modern society places greater emphasis on autonomous motives than heteronomous motives, even if both yield the same consequences. Such resistance to heteronomy encourages individuals to discipline themselves through their own autonomous motives, and this higher level of discipline increases the heteronomous pressure imposed on the next generation, thereby stimulating their autonomous motives. This virtuous cycle strengthens the complementarity of autonomous and heteronomous motives, leading to a globally stable stationary equilibrium that comprises highly disciplined individuals. However, extreme antipathy toward heteronomy discontinuously disrupts the above cycle.

Gender violence is one of the greatest challenges to peace and security in Pacific Island Countries. The persistence of this problem is often linked to the limits of state-based policing authority. It is argued that this approach fails to grapple adequately with hybrid systems of regulatory authority in Pacific Island Countries that include customary and faith-based forms of authority. Feminist inquiry into the difficulties Pacific women face in securing justice when they are the victims of gendered crimes frequently highlights the gendered failings of state and customary systems of justice, finding that both systems reflect and further entrench the subordinated status of women. This paper addresses the tension between the apparent limits of state-centred models of policing and the shortfalls of hybridised structures of regulatory authority. It reports a theoretically informed empirical study that investigated how ni-Vanuatu women understand gender violence and the role that police can play in its prevention. Using participant research and photo elicitation surveys, we asked 1) how does the authority of policing agencies operate when addressing violence against women in relation to other sites of international and local sociocultural authority in the Vanuatu context, and 2) how do women understand and value policing authority relative to other sites of regulatory authority? We found that, while police in Vanuatu operate in the context of constructive complementarity with other forms of authority, women valued police, identifying them as the key source of regulatory authority that could provide help if their partner became violent or if they were threatened.

Although suppliers can sell their goods on e-retailers&rsquo, e-platforms through either a wholesale or agency contract, suppliers that produce complementary goods and have different channel roles have been confused as to how to choose an optimal distribution contract. This paper aims to study this problem by considering the combined impacts of suppliers&rsquo, channel roles, e-retailer&rsquo, s referral fees, goods&rsquo, differences in the level of complementarity and goods&rsquo, differences in potential demand. Our results show that, regardless of one supplier&rsquo, s distribution contract choice, the other supplier always prefers agency contract, which is independent of two suppliers&rsquo, channel roles, the e-retailer&rsquo, s referral fees, two goods&rsquo, differences in the level of complementarity and two goods&rsquo, differences in the potential demand. Moreover, when two suppliers use different distribution contracts to sell goods with different levels of complementarity on the same e-retailer&rsquo, s e-platform, low-complementarity goods have a larger optimal retail price only if the two goods&rsquo, differences in the level of complementarity are sufficiently high, and the supplier can obtain more profits by producing low-complementarity goods regardless of the supplier&rsquo, s distribution contract and channel role.

Elsewhere I have tried to provide the justification of both the irreducible (transcendental) distinction of science and philosophy and their inevitable (naturalistic) complementarity. Unlike empirical science, philosophy has no limit whatever as far as its possible objects are concerned. To say that there is no limit whatever to the possible objects of philosophy is to say that, strictly speaking, it has no object at all and must find its object outside itself, that is, in common sense knowledge and the natural and human sciences. Against the background of this conception, the paper argues that philosophy of science, as a critical reflection on common sense knowledge and the natural or human sciences, inherits from philosophy in general this two-faced Janus nature, which in the philosophy of science shapes the epistemological status of the discipline in an even more prominent way. To show this in detail, the paper enunciates eleven theses that derive from the intimate connection of unity and distinction that exists between philosophy of science on the one hand and the particular and specialized scientific knowledge on the other.

The research problem undertaken by the author is the current drift of the economic order multiplied by the multiplier effect of COVID-19 from the principles of the social market economy. The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the weakness of the Polish economic order infected by the coronavirus may support a social enterprise as a shock absorber of exclusion and an alternative to the current market paradigm. Taking up this research topic is a continuation of the author’s research on the complementarity of the ordoliberal economic order of the social market economy with the concept of the social enterprise. In his opinion, this “mixture of concepts” can constitute a specific economic vaccine for the market, provided that it is consistently and comprehensively used in the long term. The study concerns condition of the economic order after almost a year of the pandemic in Poland on thebasis of ordoliberal rules and their individual determinants with selected economic indicators. The key conclusion of the study is that the social enterprise by reducing disproportions supports order and thus can minimize the negative effects of the pandemic.

When considering a joint venture or merger, it is essential for firms to explore innovators with complementary technology to compensate for any internal limitations in R&D resources. In this article, we provide a framework for exploring the technology complementarity between enterprises in a quantitative manner based on text-mining patent data. A hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation topic model identifies the technology topics hidden in patent documents along with the hierarchical structure of those topics. The technology complementarity between broad classes of technology and their subclassifications across enterprises is then measured with an improved formulation. An empirical study on three-dimensional printing illustrates the validity, reliability, and practicality of this method and the measurement formula used, endorsed by technical experts. This method can be used to identify R&D opportunities, to find appropriate acquisition targets and potential collaborators, and to support managerial decision-making with quantified information on technology complementarity.

A pandemia de COVID-19, na tripla crise que desencadeou – sanitária, económica e social –, tem provocado o maior retrocesso na implementação dos Direitos Humanos de que há memória desde a sua Declaração Universal, em 1948. Esta avaliação decorre da amplitude e profundidade do recuo na realização dos direitos humanos que se verifica actualmente em três planos, correspondendo, de uma forma genérica, às três gerações de direitos: no plano individual, contemplando os direitos civis e políticos; no social, os direitos económicos e sociais; e no global, os direitos de titularidade colectiva ou de solidariedade. Deter-nos-emos, sucessivamente, nestes diferentes planos, considerando algumas das mais comuns e impactantes medidas sanitárias implementadas em cada um e que constituem transgressões aos direitos humanos, reflectindo sobre as eventuais condições de legitimação ética das medidas adoptadas. Paralelamente, importa considerar que as medidas sanitárias implementadas não só vêm atingindo o respeito pelos Direitos Humanos, mas têm igualmente originado áreas de conflito entre diferentes direitos, em relação aos quais não é eticamente legítimo optar por uns em detrimento de outros. Defende-se ser necessário avançar para uma nova abordagem dos direitos humanos, destacando a sua complementaridade e sustentabilidade nos deveres – num modelo integrado – o que, por sua vez, deverá contribuir para a articulação de todos os direitos e seu respectivo cumprimento.

This article’s point of departure is the normative position that nurturing the ethical behaviour of teacher trainees requires something beyond masterly of a professional code of ethics. Although a codified professional code of conduct, as a form of deontological ethics, might be helpful in ushering teacher trainees into the teaching profession by explaining expected norms of behaviour, it is associated with certain critical weaknesses. This article argues for the complementarity of virtue ethics, which emphasises the interrelatedness of agents and commitment to the professional code of conduct and other institutionalised social values. Related teacher education management implications are highlighted.

This article critically engages with Peter Benson’s theory of contract law. It explores whether his juridical conception of contract as a transfer of rights, which is governed by the contract law’s internal principles of transactional justice, can be reconciled with fundamental rights. The article argues that the conventional distinction between the direct and indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights is problematic because it does not make it unequivocal which body of law – fundamental rights or contract law – substantially governs the relations between contracting parties and determines the outcome of disputes between them. The answer to this fundamental question, however, is crucial for the stability of Benson’s theory of contract law. Drawing on the European experience, the article shows that the relationship between fundamental rights and contract law can take the form of the subordination of contract law to fundamental rights or the complementarity between the two. While the latter is compatible with Benson’s theory, the former is in tension with it. For the sake of conceptual clarity, therefore, it is useful to distinguish between three forms of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in contract law – direct horizontal effect, strong indirect horizontal effect, and weak indirect horizontal effect.

The article attempts to outline the possibilities of cooperation between theology and the psychology of religion. The author, using historical and comparative methods, analyzes various models of relations between contemporary theology and the psychology of religion. First, he shows the stages of the development of the Catholic Church's reference to specific sciences from the First Vatican Council to the present day, from recognizing the absence of contradiction between faith and science, through the recognition of the autonomy of theology among the positivistic sciences, to the stage of building cooperation in the post-conciliar period. It then suggests ways of presenting religious issues in various different types of psychology of religion (models of conflict, subordination, parallelism, and integration). The paper also undertaken an explanation of differences between methodological and ontological reductionism in psychologists' understanding of the Absolute as an object of religious relation. It cites D. M. Wulff’s two-dimensional summary scheme as an example of the extraordinary complexity of the problem psychology has in understanding religion. The author further analyzes the attempts at one-dimensional integration of theology and the psychology of religion (understood as two opposite poles of one continuum, where pastoral praxis is a search for the golden mean). Recognizing the inadequacy of these attempts, the author advocates a pluralistic translation of religious phenomena, i.e. interpreting the phenomenon under study based on both psychology and theology. Distinguishing between the empirical order and the revealed (the natural distinguished from the supernatural) in the dialogue between psychology and theology, he proposes to adopt the relationship of convergence rather than that of complementarity. The summary of the previous analyses is the two-dimensional model of cooperation between theology and the psychology of religion as outlined by the author.

El presente trabajo procura situar la teoría política de Francisco Suárez en la tradición contractualista y, con ello, examinar la relación general entre contractualismo y iusnaturalismo. Se sostendrá que Suárez es contractualista en un sentido calificado del término y que, en ese peculiar sentido, no existe incompatibilidad entre contractualismo y ley natural sino, por el contrario, complementariedad. Se examina finalmente su tesis del carácter emergente de la potestad política para, a partir de ella, sugerir alguna diferencia con las teorías políticas modernas.

The virtue education curriculum ‘e-TAP’ is one of the recent efforts for improving character and virtue education at school in Latvia from preschool till grade nine. The objective of this research was to provide evidence regarding whether this curriculum is appropriate (‘fits’) to the Latvian context, in particular in reference to the Skola-2030 curriculum. Based on fit and feasibility theory, this work addressed the research question: “How does the treatment of virtues of the e-TAP curriculum fit to the treatment of virtues of the new Skola-2030 curriculum?”. The analysis used statistical descriptive frequency analysis of the virtues of each programme and comparative analysis between the two document sets included in each of them, using Excel software. The results show that Skola-2030 programme stresses performance and civic virtues, while the e-TAP programme underlines moral and intellectual virtues. Performance virtues are the most important ones in Skola-2030 (38 %), but account only for 17 % in the e-TAP curriculum. In addition, in Skola-2030 curriculum civic virtues account for 23 %, while in e-TAP they are only 8 %. In the e-TAP curriculum, moral virtues account for half of all the mentions (50 %) and intellectual virtues for 25 %, whereas in Skola-2030 those virtue groups account for 22 % and 18 %, respectively. The high ‘complementarity fit’ of both programmes suggests that the e-TAP curriculum could considerably enrich the Skola-2030 educational offer. Suggestions for e-TAP programme improvement and further research are put forward.

El sistema educativo se ha estado accionando en consonancia al paradigma tradicional, caracterizado por seccionar, sesgar, atomizar el todo en las unidades de estudio que le conforman; de ahí que surge la disciplinariedad, que delimita las diferentes áreas del conocimiento de manera tal que se encuentran organizados de con una postura sistemática para facilitar su comprensión; sin embargo, Ander-Egg (1999), le dio un giro al exponer respecto una visión de ejecutar la interdisciplinariedad manifestando que las líneas interpuestas entre cada disciplina están difusas y que al encontrarse imbricadas pueden aportar soluciones a problemas complejos del entorno educativo, el trabajo en equipo, ampliar la visión de la realidad considerando las distintas perspectivas de cada profesional bajo la visión de complementariedad. El propósito de este ensayo es analizar la interdisciplinariedad en educación desde la visión del autor. El análisis de contenido se realizó a través de textos de investigadores como Morin (2007); Balza (2001); Bertalanffy (1968); Prigogine y Stengers (1990), entre otros, acerca de interdisciplinariedad, complejidad y enfoque sistémico. La conclusión más resaltante es que se pueden incorporar cambios educativos a nivel institucional, incorporando la interdisciplinariedad en su accionar.

El presente trabajo reflexiona acerca de la relación entre el análisis económico y la efectividad y justiciabilidad de los derechos sociales en Europa. En efecto, si en la era de la globalización se confiere una posición relevante al mercado cuando se redactan las normas nacionales e internacionales sobre derechos sociales (incluso en la fase inicial –previendo el impacto económico de dichas normas, la denominada “factibilidad”), el autor pone de relieve que la estructura jurídica y dogmática de tales derechos sociales es tan idónea como la de los derechos civiles a la hora de garantizar su justiciabilidad. En tal sentido, se subraya el camino hacia un estándar común europeo en materia de derechos sociales promoviendo la sinergia y asegurando la complementariedad entre la jurisprudencia social del Tribunal de Luxemburgo (Unión Europea) y del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales (Consejo de Europa). This essay reflects on the relationship between economic analysis and the effectiveness and justiciability of social rights in Europe. If in the era of globalisation the market is accorded an important position when international and national legislation on social rights is drafted (and even in the initial phase of the preparation of such legislation, such as when forecasts are made of the economic impact or the so-called “feasibility” of social provisions), the author emphasises that consideration needs also to be given to the legal or dogmatic structure of these social rights, which are just as suitable as civil rights to be treated as justiciable norms. This essay also highlights the road towards a common European standard of social rights by promoting, among other elements, the synergy and potential complementarity that exists between the social case law of the Court of Luxembourg (European Union) and of the European Committee of Social Rights (Council of Europe). -Luis.Jimena@uv.es

The complementarity principle is a well-established concept in the field of chemistry and biology. This concept is widely studied as the lock-and-key relationship between two structures, such as enzyme and ligand interactions. These interactions are based on the overlap of electron clouds between two structures. In this study, a mathematical relation determining complementarity of intermolecular contacts in terms of overlaps of electron clouds was examined using a quantum orbital-free AlteQ method developed in-house for 64 EGFR–ligand complexes with experimentally measured binding affinity data. A very high correlation was found between the overlap of ligand and enzyme electron clouds and the calculated terms, providing a good basis for prognosis of bioactivity and for molecular docking studies.

The article states the stratification of the university’s corporate culture as its traditional cultural base into the institutional and administrative (realizing the «third mission» of the university and bearing the tendency of its transformation into a business corporation) and the culture of the teaching staff (which has preserved the traditional university functions) and culture. There are suggested ways to eliminate this mismatch.The authors substantiate the role and significance of the ideological attitude of the university’s corporate culture to trust as a «glue» of its stratified cultural base, which maintains a balance between the traditional and modern university’s mission (the concept of «glue» is suggested by the Russian researcher L. Gudkov, who uses this term to denote a mechanism holding society together into a unity and a whole).The methodology of conceptual reasoning is based on a sociocultural approach that suggests considering changes of any social institution in the context of responding to the challenge of the globalized world of network structures and market relations.The article identifies the causes and consequences of lacking coordination in the cultural base of the university.Communicative rationality, which, as a style of scientific and philosophical thinking, initiates the construction of modern social ontologies, is proven to be a possible complementarity instrument («glue») of the two university cultures. It is argued that today trust reveals its not only psychological, but also ontological and epistemological significance, orienting both components of corporate culture towards their unity in implementing of the university’s research and educational missions together with its «third mission».The article originally defines the university’s corporate culture as focused on the formation of students’ trust as a key factor of sparing life in the modern world with its ideological, economic, and political tensions. On this basis, it is proposed to form a university management strategy and to restructure the educational process.

The author has determined the topicality of the study of concepts and models of teaching pedagogy as a theoretical foundation of professional and personal development of future teachers. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, models of teaching pedagogy have been presented – the empirical, educational (theory – … – practice), practice-oriented, anthroposocial, quasi-professional, heuristic, reflective, personally practical, self-educational ones, as well as their correlation with different types of students’ activities. The peculiarities of concentrated teaching of pedagogy (V. Bezrukova) that provides «the immersion» of future teachers in the problem field of pedagogical theory and practice, and the formation of a holistic view of pedagogy have been characterized. The main provisions of generative teaching of pedagogy (I. Tsyrkun, V. Punchyk) based on the independent cognitive activity of students, the focus on the formation of competencies of self-education and self-development have been revealed. The peculiarities of updating and improving the content of the course «Pedagogy» according to the scientific positions of O. Dubaseniuk (the systematic approach to the analysis of pedagogical phenomena, the job-specific approach to the construction of the content of teaching pedagogy) have been determined. The main conceptual provisions of experimental and analytical teaching of pedagogy (L. Kosolapova) have been presented, in particular the idea of complementarity of the cognitive and professional pedagogical activity, the interconnection of theory and practice, the analytical consideration of components of the educational system.

Prior literature presents various perspectives on the role of financial reporting. One view is that mandatory periodic reporting disciplines managers and encourages timely voluntary disclosure. We examine this “confirmation hypothesis” using the shock to financial reporting quality experienced by Arthur Andersen clients forced to switch auditors. Consistent with the confirmation hypothesis, we find that former Andersen clients increase disclosure after they change auditors. They increase forecasting frequency and enhance forecasting precision and specificity. We present additional cross-sectional evidence that shows Arthur Andersen clients with larger increases in financial reporting quality increased their disclosure by relatively more, even within the sample of Arthur Andersen clients. We supplement our main findings with a battery of tests to reduce the possibility that alternative shocks and uncertainty drive our results. Our findings support complementarity between financial reporting quality and voluntary disclosures.

The article is dedicated to the actuality of the problem of implementing a gender approach as key in creating a non-discriminatory school environment in the conditions of reforming the educational system of Ukraine. The authors’ understanding of the essence of the non-discriminatory environment in an educational institution as safe, healthy, inclusive and gender-equitable is given; the role of a teacher in this process is indicated. The essence of the gender approach and the peculiarities of its implementation in the general secondary education institutions are revealed. The results of the study of the content and prevalence of gender views and stereotypes among teachers of both sexes are presented. It has been found that most educators are heavily influenced by traditional views on the relationship between the genders. The differences in the gender perceptions of female teachers and male teachers depending on age and teaching experience have been revealed. About 20% of teachers implement a gender approach in school practice. It is empirically proved, that pedagogical groups deepen differentiation of social and psychological requirements and expectations regarding pupils and students. Most teachers remain uncertain in their gender orientations, profess the ideology of complementarity of male and female roles. The educational process in secondary education establishments reinforces traditional views on the dichotomy of women and men social roles and to a lesser extent demonstrates the equality and equivalence of both sexes, capable of assertive behavior and the interchangeability of gender roles. Prospects for further research outline a further need to determine ways to develop the egalitarian culture of teachers of general secondary education.

Through the complementarity principle of the InternationalCriminal Court, international criminal law enforcement istransferred from international courts to national courts. This hasled to an increase of international actors’focus on national courtsto achieve international criminal justice. The Democratic Republicof the Congo (DRC) presents a significant example to examinethe prosecution of international crimes by national courts andinternational actors’support to Congolese legal system topromote complementarity and international criminal justice.International actors provide assistance to mobile hearings toprosecute international crimes and to implementcomplementarity at the national level in the eastern DRC. Thisarticle explores mobile hearings through their role inimplementing complementarity in the DRC and international andnational influences on mobile hearings regarding the prosecutionof international crimes. The main argument is that althoughmobile hearings are significant to bring justice closer to localcommunities and increase the visibility of justice in remote andrural areas, their independence is in question as a result of theselective interest of international actors and political interferencescoming from Congolese political and military elites

La ergonomía es considerada, en la actualidad, una disciplina científica consolidada, que se expande continuamente a nivel global. Este escenario actual es el resultado de diferentes visiones que han permeado la evolución de la ergonomía. En este artículo se hace un recorrido histórico de la ergonomía como disciplina, tomando en cuenta la escuela de los factores humanos y la escuela de la ergonomía de la actividad. Se presentan los orígenes de estas escuelas, sus paradigmas subyacentes y se realiza una comparación entre ellas. Las reflexiones presentadas en el artículo en torno a la ergonomía parten de la idea que, desde las diferencias y la diversidad, Ensayo Condiciones de salud se erige el desarrollo. Los autores de este artículo son partidarios de abordar la ergonomía como una única disciplina, reconociendo la convergencia y la complementariedad entre las dos escuelas. Más allá de las diferencias existentes, la práctica de la ergonomía debe enfocarse en el diseño de los sistemas de trabajo, tomando como eje central al ser humano. Se espera que estas reflexiones permitan a los profesionales de la ergonomía y de otras diciplinas afines ganar mayor comprensión de cómo abordar la actividad humana para transformarla positivamente.

En la conceptualización de la Educomunicación se ha de avanzar hacia la integración de sus dos grandes perspectivas. Fomentar el diálogo crítico es un objetivo compartido por ambas, por lo que es preciso profundizar en sus propiedades, métodos y funciones educativas. Se presenta un modelo formativo en educomunicación que ha sido testado mediante una investigación empírica. Durante dos semanas, 246 niños entre seis y once años asisten a sesiones formativas con dos tipos de productos audiovisuales. La mitad de los niños sigue un proceso formativo según la metodología dialógicocrítica y la otra mitad una metodología de diálogo-conversacional. Los resultados muestran que los niños que siguen la formación dialógico-crítica se benefician significativamente en la construcción de su competencia mediática y pensamiento narrativo, en comparación con los niños de los grupos dialógico-conversacional. Los resultados revelan también que no todos los tipos de contenidos audiovisuales son beneficiosos para la formación del pensamiento del niño. Esta investigación pone de manifiesto cuáles son las propiedades del método dialógico-crítico propuesto que permiten al niño mejorar su competencia mediática e ilustra la complementariedad entre el proceso de diagnóstico-estático de competencias y el proceso formativo-dinámico que conduce al pensamiento crítico. Desde un punto de vista aplicado, este método ha mostrado su utilidad para ser utilizado por el profesor para fomentar en su grupo de alumnos una educación mediática que contribuya al desarrollo del pensamiento narrativo, In the conceptualization of Educommunication, progress must be made towards the integration of its two great perspectives. Encouraging critical dialogue is a goal shared by both, so it is necessary to delve into its educational properties, methods and functions. A training model in Educommunication that has been tested through empirical research is presented. For two weeks, 246 children between six and eleven years old, attended training sessions with two types of audiovisual products. Half of the children were involved in a training process using critical dialogical methodology, whereas the training process for the other half of the children followed conversational dialogue methodology. The results show that children who follow the critical dialogical training benefit significantly in the construction of their media competence and narrative thinking, compared to the children of the conversational dialogical groups. The results also reveal that not all types of audiovisual content are beneficial to the construction of children's thinking. This research reveals the properties of the proposed critical dialogical method that allows children to improve their media competence and illustrates the complementarity between the diagnostic-static process of competences and the formative-dynamic process that leads to critical thinking. From an applied point of view, the critical dialogical method has been useful for use by teachers to foster a media education in their group of students that contributes to the development of narrative thinking

This article presents an analysis of research results on two categories of workers and job candidates - the youngest (under 25 years old) and the oldest (retired and pre-retirement). These age group cohorts are under the greatest pressure in the Russian labour market: the greatest difficulties in getting a job, age discrimination, etc. Paradoxically, these groups show not a difference but rather a similarity in their value orientations. They often experience latent and obvious discrimination from HR managers. As a result, in many respects these groups tend to have similar views about the labour market and their "life chances" to build a career and maintain income stability. The younger and older age groups are ready to interact with each other, but stereotypes about old age (prevalent in the country) make this process difficult. State policies that support certain age groups in the labour market often intensify intergenerational conflicts rather than hinder them. The Corona Virus pandemic has significantly affected the position of the youngest and oldest people in the labour market, putting them in a situation where they cannot apply for good jobs and have to accept any work.

Current jurisprudential trends empower the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor to override domestic investigative authorities in a manner that violates the letter and spirit of the Rome Statute. Sovereign states have primary responsibility to document, investigate and prevent atrocity crimes. Yet, current ICC practice subverts domestic enforcement efforts. No provision of the Rome Statute permits the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) to substitute its unfettered judgment over the good-faith discretion of domestic prosecutors. ICC judges have created de facto institutional jurisdictional primacy by relying upon mere assertions regarding the insufficiency of domestic efforts. This trend is particularly problematic at the liminal phase from the preliminary examination (PE) to an authorised investigation because OTP policy preferences supersede good-faith domestic investigations and prosecutorial assessments. Juridical templates for assessing admissibility have been extrapolated from later phases of particularised cases into the PE phase. Current practice effectively eliminates sovereign prosecutorial discretion. Good-faith exercises of domestic prosecutorial discretion should not be constrained by post hoc Court-created straitjackets. This article dissects this problematic arc and proffers a model for harmonising domestic investigative efforts within the structure and intent of the Rome Statute. Its conclusions recommend reforms to ameliorate a foreseeable crisis of cooperation that could cripple an unreformed Court.

Замонавий ижтимоий-маданий вазият, таълимда меъёрий-хуқуқий базасининг динамикаси, инновацион таълим тизимларида ҳарбий-ватанпарварлик таълими муаммосини ҳал этиш бўйича фаол илмий изланишлар, инновацион таълим кластери шароитида ҳарбий-ватанпарварлик таълими тамойилларини ўрганиш долзарблигини белгилаб берди. Тадқиқот муаммосини ҳал қилиш учун мақола муаллифи назарий тадқиқот усулларидан фойдаланган: яъний назарий таҳлил, олинган маълумотларни умумлаштириш ва синтез қилиш, ўхшашлик, таққослаш, мавҳумлаштириш, конкретлаштириш, расмийлаштириш. Жараённинг барча субъектларининг биргаликдаги фаолияти шароитида таълим, мудофаа, маданият, тиббиёт ва бошқа ижтимоий соҳалардаги ташкилотлар ва муассасаларнинг маблағларини реализация қилиш, қийинчиликларни биргаликда енгиш, шахсий ривожланиш, ўз Ватанини ҳимоя қилишнинг мохияти, инновацион таълим кластери шароитида ҳарбий-ватанпарварлик тарбиясига этнопедагогик, ижтимоий-педагогик, ижтимоий-маданий ва бошқа ёндашувларни танқидий таҳлил қилиш муаллифга гуманитар-кластер ёндашуви истиқболли деган хулосага келиш имконини берди. Мақолада муаллиф томонидан инновацион ўқув кластери доирасида ишлаб чиқилган ҳарбий-ватанпарварлик тарбияси тамойиллари таркиби келтирилган, яъни давомийлик, янгилик, субъективлик, соғлиқни сақлаш, ресурсларнинг изчиллиги, меъёрий тартибга солиш, концептуал яхлитлик, бир-бирини тўлдириш тамойиллари.

Qualitative researchers have long observed that rationales for medical interventions on intersex characteristics, or variable sex characteristics (VSC), invoke heteronormative ideals. Such medical interventions are controversial and described as infringing human rights. Recent survey research has confirmed that support for medical intervention, and opposition to its legal limitation on human rights grounds is predicted by (1) identifying as heterosexual and (2) endorsing gender binary beliefs. We replicated both findings here among 59 LGB+ and 61 heterosexual participants. Opinions about medical interventions on intersex characteristics were additionally predicted by belief in heterosexual complementarity among all participants, and by strength of heterosexual identification among heterosexual-identified participants. Participants read excerpts from three published interviews with a medical professional, a parent of a child with intersex characteristics, and an adult with intersex characteristics and generated analogies to these experiences. Participants who generated more diverse analogies endorsed the gender binary and medical interventions less, and supported legal limitations more. The results are discussed in relation to the formation and distribution of public attitudes to the controversial medicalisation of intersex characteristics.

In recent years, interdisciplinary research, including folklore, ethnography, linguoculturology and other disciplines, has been expanding. The complex study of materials related to various sciences ensures the complementarity of the fields of science, contributes to a deeper and more systematic understanding of the phenomena of language and culture. In particular, the comparative study of the specific motives and methods in the discourse of mythological traditions and fairy tales in folklore texts serves to determine the way of thinking, mentality and imagination of different peoples. This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of metamorphosis, which is reflected in the folklore of the peoples of the East. Metamorphosis is the transformation of any being or thing, form or species into a new, different form and type, as well as an unusual change in something. Metamorphoses rely on the most ancient mythopoetic ideas and reflect their unique characteristics. The article comparatively studies the application of the method of metamorphosis in the myths, legends, epics and fairy tales of the peoples of the East, the universal and different aspectsof metamorphoses. The types of metamorphoses, their ways of occurrence, causes, factors and peculiarities are also described.

This research presents an analysis of the academic experience of the Master in Qualitative Research Methodologies in Health, taught by the University of Atacama (Chile). The objective of the study is to first reflect conceptually regarding interdiscipline in the educational field, also reviewing the concepts of multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary, to later analyze the expression of interdiscipline in the professional training of Social Work in public universities in Chile. In this way, based on the previous conceptualizations, the Master in Qualitative Health Research Methodologies is particularly analyzed, which shows the complementarity of Social Work with the field of Health, and is presented as an element that contributes to overcome the lack of advanced human capital in the Atacama region. The analysis allows to indicate that this Magister is the first program within the country as an alternative of methodological specialization for people in the social and health area, through knowledge of health phenomena with a qualitative perspective. The study concludes that the interdisciplinary base of the Magister effectively expresses the linkage of different knowledge and practices, which allows predicting auspicious results of this postgraduate course, in addition to leaving challenges, advantages and projections of the Magister.

After the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) were adopted in 2011, an international treaty has been being negotiated since 2014. The two instruments reveal similarities and also conflicts regarding the adequate organization of the global economy based on human rights. The focus in this article will be on the processes leading to these instruments, because they themselves mirror different understandings of governance in the field of business and human rights as well as the struggle over the power of definition and legitimacy. The UNGPs were developed on the basis of global multi-stakeholder consultations, underlining legitimacy through broad inclusion. There are varying judgements as to the success of this approach. The process towards the treaty follows the traditional path of negotiations at UN level. These negotiations reveal a struggle for recognition of the legitimacy of the process itself. Both procedures have shortcomings with regard to legitimacy and show the need for a revision concerning the inclusion of stakeholders. The complementarity of a soft and hard law instrument may enhance the creation of a level playing field in the global economy, thereby strengthening human rights.

The nature of sociology and psychology is clarified accounting for the achievements of modern philosophy of science. The general scientific significance of these sciences is determined in accordance with said clarification. Any scientific theory functions, in particular, in the form of group and individual theories. In this connection, the general scientific significance of sociology and psychology becomes evident. The status of sociology is primarily determined by the study of group theories that have general scientific significance. The status of psychology is determined by individual theories. Its priority in this area is also indisputable. Therefore, same as sociology, psychology presents a science of auxiliary nature. Auxiliary sciences are necessary for the development of the content of the independent sciences. Unfortunately, the mainstream tendency is that both sociology and psychology are considered independent branches of science. In this regard, the status of sociology is determined by a certain class of social phenomena, and the status of psychology is determined by mental processes.

Resumen Con el objetivo de realizar un acercamiento a la mensajería que el estudiantado revela en Wasap desde la perspectiva del interpretante y establecer los desafíos que ello representa para la Educación Superior en Ecuador se efectúa la investigación, tal propósito constituye la aportación a una revelación de los efectos producidos en el discurso receptivo cuya lectura transita por la sociolingüística, la filosofía del lenguaje y la pragmática, la convergencia de tales argumentos en el ámbito pedagógico es una posibilidad para la enseñanza desde el discurso digital. En este artículo se ofrece una exploración de la relación potencial entre el uso de la mensajería instantánea y la conformación de interpretantes sobre la base del establecimiento de presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos de la sociolingüística en millennials universitarios de la Carrera de Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi en Ecuador. La investigación fue de tipo exploratorio y una metodología cualitativa en que se implementó una estrategia de complementariedad de los métodos y técnicas de análisis de documentos, entrevista grupal e individual, encuesta y el análisis hermenéutico del discurso. La muestra fue seleccionada mediante el muestreo no probabilístico, por lo que se conformó un grupo de 10 estudiantes. Los resultados revelaron la serie de interpretantes que generan los millennials universitarios ecuatorianos y las variaciones lingüísticas que tipifican su discurso; información de donde se extrajeron las reglas presentes en la recepción, así como una taxonomía de los interpretantes presentes en la plataforma digital estudiada constitutiva de un modelo de discurso como síntesis de la mensajería instantánea utilizada por los estudiantes. En esta Mensajería se configuran interpretantes que revelan su creatividad significativa, de la cual se derivaron consideraciones acerca de la necesidad de generación de procedimientos de enseñanza basados en la trilogía de Peirce donde el estudiantado forme capacidades cognoscitivas sobre la trascendencia del imaginario lingüístico en el enriquecimiento de la lengua. Abstract In order to make an approach to the messaging that the student body reveals in Wasap from the perspective of the interpreter and to establish the challenges that this represents for Higher Education in Ecuador, the investigation is carried out, such purpose constitutes the contribution to a revelation of the effects produced in the receptive discourse whose reading passes through sociolinguistics, language philosophy and pragmatics, the convergence of such arguments in the pedagogical field is a possibility for teaching from digital discourse. This article offers an exploration of the potential relationship between the use of instant messaging and the formation of interpreters based on the establishment of theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociolinguistics in university millennials of the National and Foreign Languages Pedagogy Career from the Technical University of Cotopaxi in Ecuador. The research was of an exploratory type and a qualitative methodology in which a strategy of complementarity of the methods and techniques of document analysis, group and individual interview, survey and the hermeneutical analysis of discourse was implemented. The sample was selected through non-probability sampling, being made up of 10 students. The results revealed the series of interpreters that Ecuadorian university millennials generate and the linguistic variations that typify their discourse; information from where the rules present in the reception were extracted, as well as a taxonomy of the interpreters present in the digital platform studied constituting a model of discourse as a synthesis of the instant messaging used by the students. Messaging where interpreters are configured that reveal their significant creativity, from which considerations were derived about the need to generate teaching procedures based on Peirce's trilogy where the student body forms cognitive capacities on the transcendence of the linguistic imaginary in the enrichment of the language.

Team production is ubiquitous in the economy, but managing teams effectively remains a challenge for many organizations. This paper studies how familiarity among teammates influences the performance of specialist teams, relative to nonspecialist teams. Applying theories of team production to contexts where team members coordinate interdependent activities extemporaneously, we develop predictions about factors that shift the marginal returns to specialization along two dimensions of familiarity: social familiarity and functional familiarity. We test our hypotheses in the context of Defence of the Ancients 2 (DOTA2), a major e-sports game where, in some formats, players are exogenously assigned to five-person teams. After analyzing nearly 6.5 million matches, we find that specialist teams are relatively more successful when members are more socially and functionally familiar with one another. The results suggest that the plug-and-play perspective on specialist teams is incomplete; rather, specialization and familiarity are complements in dynamic environments where team members coordinate extemporaneously. Funded: Financial support from the UCL School of Management and Worcester Polytechnic Institute is gratefully acknowledged.

The concept of supermodularity has received considerable attention in economics and operations research. It is closely related to the concept of complementarity in economics and has also proved to be an important tool for deriving monotonic comparative statics in parametric optimization problems and game theory models. However, only certain sufficient conditions (e.g., lattice structure) are identified in the literature to preserve the supermodularity. In this article, new concepts of mostly sublattice and additive mostly sublattice are introduced. With these new concepts, necessary and sufficient conditions for the constraint structures are established so that supermodularity can be preserved under various assumptions about the objective functions. Furthermore, some classes of polyhedral sets that satisfy these concepts are identified, and the results are applied to assemble-to-order systems.

This paper critically discusses the generally recognized dualism in the interpretation of the moral basis of public reason. We argue that in order to maintain the complementarity of both liberal and democratic values within the debate on public reason, the arguments from liberty and from civic friendship cannot be considered in isolation. With regard to the argument from liberty, we contend that because the idea of natural liberty is an indispensable starting point of liberal theory, no explanation of the justification of political power can do without it. In particular, we focus on the requirement of reasonableness and show that we should retain the epistemic aspect of the reasonableness of persons. Perhaps the main reason for this is to be found in the criterion of reciprocity which provides the deepest justification of the respect for people’s liberty – that is, the liberal aspect of liberal democracy. At the same time, however, we argue that reciprocity also provides the grounds for responding to the criticism that the essentially liberal approach fails to adequately take into consideration the role of political community. Because reciprocity may also be interpreted as being based on civic friendship, it provides the resources to respond to such criticism. It thus supplies the normative background also for the second, democratic pillar of public reason. We then critically examine the newly emerging approach built predominantly on the argument from civic friendship, arguing that by prioritising the civic friendship interpretation and, at times, tending to completely abandon the liberty-based one, it overlooks the indispensability of liberty-based considerations for the criterion of reciprocity. We conclude that in order to adequately capture the common liberal-democratic basis of public reason, both interpretations of reciprocity must be linked within a comprehensive account.

The history of science in any of its transformations and metamorphoses is, in fact, a search for and definition of the truth. As an example, I. Kant’s famous four questions start with the question «What can I know?». Thus, the search for truth as a subject of research has been a dominating force throughout human history. Of course, sociology as a social meta-science is also involved in this topic. A simple assertion of the existence of three concepts of truth, namely accordance, agreement and advantage, does not fully answer the prerequisites of contemporary discourse. The present article analyses a new discourse on the study of truth in contemporary science. We give a brief retrospective analysis of the main fields of truth interpretation. At the same time, these directions are not just listed but linked into the general outline of contemporary epistemology. Of course, a greater bias is made towards the sciences of the social and humanitarian profile. That, however, does not exclude the necessary portion of the data of natural science research. In the article these data are not used as demonstrations, but as independent meta-scientific research. We give various examples of the complementarity of different branches of science. In particular, we show the scope and relative limitation of such concepts as correspondence theory, evolutionary epistemology, socio-humanitarian cybernetics, adaptationism and neo-adaptationism. A significant place in the article is occupied by the problem of truth in artistic creation. We also give sustainable conclusions about the polyphonicity of truth and its flickering character.

The aim of this paper is to point to the possible approximations between the concept of Ethics by the Brazilian philosopher Álvaro Vieira Pinto and by the Argentinean Enrique Dussel. We discussed the reflections on Ethics provided by Álvaro Vieira Pinto in the books “Consciência e Realidade Nacional” and “Ciência e Existência” and glimpsed a complementarity between the two philosophers. The humanization of life conditions to the masses of underdeveloped countries is a confluent aspect in both philosophers’ reflections. We conclude highlighting the relevance of Álvaro Vieira Pinto’s thinking to the decolonial studies and the decolonization of Ethics.

espanolLa moderna filosofia de la ciencia no ha logrado definir de forma concluyente en que consiste el metodo cientifico. Por el contrario, la practica cientifica parece consistir en un pluralismo metodologico, definicion que conecta con fragmentos esenciales de la obra de John Dewey, Logica, Teoria de la Investigacion. Para Dewey, incluso las formas de la logica emergen de los problemas definidos en las situaciones indeterminadas. Un ejemplo historico fue la introduccion de la nocion de complementariedad en fisica, que permitio la inter-pretacion de forma coherente de dos experimentos paradojicos que generaban confusion. El pensamiento de Dewey demuestra su actualidad al ayudarnos a definir el patron de la investigacion. El pluralismo metodologico y la dependencia de la logica de los problemas de investigacion no es algo que vaya a suceder, es algo que ha sucedido y sucede efectivamente en las practicas cientificas. EnglishThe modern philosophy of science has not succeeded in defining conclusively what the scientific method consists in. On the contrary, scientific practice seems to consist in a methodological pluralism, a definition that connects with essential fragments of John Dew-ey’s Logic, the Theory of Inquiry. For Dewey, even the forms of logic emerge from the prob-lems defined in indeterminate situations. A historical example was the introduction of the notion of complementarity in physics, which allowed the interpretation of two confusingly paradoxical experiments in a coherent way. Dewey’s thought demonstrates its relevance by helping us to define the pattern of inquiry. Methodological pluralism and the dependence of logic on research problems is not something that will happen, it is something that has happened and does happen in scientific practices

A coherent industrial strategy at all levels of government (regional, national and European) would help European industry restructure after the Covid crisis, in line with the previous structural trends. The Covid Crisis has hit European industries in a period of deep structural changes that already put pressure for them to upgrade or branch into new activities, adopt new technologies and redefine their business model. This paper shows these long-term trends already affecting industry pre-covid and suggests that the pandemics essentially reinforce these previous trends. The need for industrial policy at all levels of government is therefore stronger, and the paper suggests the main issues to be addressed.

Existing evidence on the impact of R&D on productivity is heterogenous and does not address the question of whether different types of R&D are complements or substitutes. The aim of this research is to open the R&D black box by providing fresh insights about how different R&D types affect productivity in different industrial and technological contexts in the UK. The model adopted allows for non-linearities between R&D and productivity and interactions between R&D types. The analysis makes use of micro data from the Office of National Statistics, comprising 8,284 firms from 1998 to 2012. The results show evidence of diminishing marginal returns to total R&D. This concave relationship also holds for intramural R&D, applied/experimental R&D and private R&D. These findings suggest that studies which do not allow for non-linear relationships between R&D and productivity could suffer from specification bias. The results also indicate complementarity between intramural and extramural R&D and between basic and applied/experimental research. Returns to publicly funded R&D are insignificant and there is neither complementarity nor substitution between publicly and privately funded R&D. The findings strengthen the case for modelling the sources of heterogeneity explicitly by taking account of non-linearities in and interactions between the productivity effects of different R&D types.