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4. Impact of meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccines on pharyngeal carriage in adolescents: evidence for herd protection from the UK MenACWY programme.

Author

Carr J.P., MacLennan J.M., Plested E., Bratcher H.B., Harrison O.B., Aley P.K., Bray J.E., Camara S., Rodrigues C.M.C., Davis K., Bartolf A., Baxter D., Cameron J.C., Cunningham R., Faust S.N., Fidler K., Gowda R., Heath P.T., Hughes S., Khajuria S., Orr D., Raman M., Smith A., Turner D.P., Whittaker E., Williams C.J., Zipitis C.S., Pollard A.J., Oliver J., Morales-Aza B., Lekshmi A., Clark S.A., Borrow R., Christensen H., Trotter C., Finn A., Maiden M.C.J., Snape M.D., Carr J.P., MacLennan J.M., Plested E., Bratcher H.B., Harrison O.B., Aley P.K., Bray J.E., Camara S., Rodrigues C.M.C., Davis K., Bartolf A., Baxter D., Cameron J.C., Cunningham R., Faust S.N., Fidler K., Gowda R., Heath P.T., Hughes S., Khajuria S., Orr D., Raman M., Smith A., Turner D.P., Whittaker E., Williams C.J., Zipitis C.S., Pollard A.J., Oliver J., Morales-Aza B., Lekshmi A., Clark S.A., Borrow R., Christensen H., Trotter C., Finn A., Maiden M.C.J., and Snape M.D.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Serogroup W and Y invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) increased globally from 2000 onwards. Responding to a rapid increase in serogroup W clonal complex 11 (W:cc11) IMD, the UK replaced an adolescent booster dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine with quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccine in 2015. By 2018, vaccine coverage in the eligible school cohorts aged 14-19 years-old was 84%. We assessed the impact of the MenACWY vaccination programme on meningococcal carriage. METHOD(S): An observational study of culture-defined oropharyngeal meningococcal carriage prevalence before and after the start of the MenACWY vaccination programme in UK school students, aged 15-19 years, using two cross-sectional studies: 2014-15 "UKMenCar4" and 2018 "Be on the TEAM" (ISRCTN75858406). RESULT(S): A total of 10625 participants pre-implementation and 13434 post-implementation were included. Carriage of genogroups C, W, and Y (combined) decreased from 2.03% to 0.71% (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.27-0.44] p<0.001). Carriage of genogroup B meningococci did not change (1.26% vs 1.23% [95% CI 0.77-1.22] p=0.80) and genogroup C remained rare (n = 7/10625 vs 17/13488, p=0.135). The proportion of serogroup positive isolates, i.e., those expressing capsule, decreased for genogroup W by 53.8% (95% CI -5.0%-79.8%, p=0.016) and for genogroup Y by 30.1% (95% CI 8.9%-46.3%, p=0.0025). CONCLUSION(S): The UK MenACWY vaccination programme reduced carriage acquisition of genogroup and serogroup Y and W meningococci and sustained low levels of genogroup C carriage. These data support the use of quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccine for indirect (herd) protection.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

5. Estimated strain coverage of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines: A retrospective study for disease and carrier strains in Greece (2010–2017)

Author

Tzanakaki, G. Xirogianni, A. Tsitsika, A. Clark, S.A. Kesanopoulos, K. Bratcher, H.B. Papandreou, A. Rodrigues, C.M.C. Maiden, M.C.J. Borrow, R. Tsolia, M.

Abstract

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is associated with high case fatality rates and long-term sequelae among survivors. Meningococci belonging to six serogroups (A, B, C, W, X, and Y) cause nearly all IMD worldwide, with serogroup B meningococci (MenB) the predominant cause in many European countries, including Greece (~80% of all IMD). In the absence of protein-conjugate polysaccharide MenB vaccines, two protein-based vaccines are available to prevent MenB IMD in Greece: 4CMenB (Bexsero™, GlaxoSmithKline), available since 2014; and MenB-FHbp, (Trumenba™, Pfizer), since 2018. This study investigated the potential coverage of MenB vaccines in Greece using 107 MenB specimens, collected from 2010 to 2017 (66 IMD isolates and 41 clinical samples identified solely by non-culture PCR), alongside 6 MenB isolates from a carriage study conducted during 2017–2018. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PorA, and FetA antigen typing. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed on 66 isolates to define the sequences of vaccine components factor H-binding protein (fHbp), Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), and Neisseria adhesin A (NadA). The expression of fHbp was investigated with flow cytometric meningococcal antigen surface expression (MEASURE) assay. The fHbp gene was present in-frame in all isolates tested by WGS and in 41 MenB clinical samples. All three variant families of fHbp peptides were present, with subfamily B peptides (variant 1) occurring in 69.2% and subfamily A in 30.8% of the samples respectively. Sixty three of 66 (95.5%) MenB isolates expressed sufficient fHbp to be susceptible to bactericidal killing by MenB-fHbp induced antibodies, highlighting its potential to protect against most IMD in Greece. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2021

6. Differential impact of two risk communications on antipsychotic prescribing to people with dementia in Scotland: segmented regression time series analysis 2001-2011

Author

Guthrie, B., Clark, S.A., Reynish, E.L., McCowan, C., and Morales, Daniel

Subjects
RM, RA0421
Abstract

The two risk communications were associated with reductions in antipsychotic use, in ways which were compatible with marked differences in their content and dissemination. Further research is needed to ensure that the content and dissemination of regulatory risk communications is optimal, and to track their impact on intended and unintended outcomes. Although rates are falling, antipsychotic prescribing in dementia in Scotland remains unacceptably high

Published
2013

7. The Science Case for 4GLS

Author

Allan, R.J., Allen, M.P., Alexandrov, A.S., Ashfold, M.N.R., Atkinson, R., Avaldi, L., Bain, C.D., Bancroft, J., Barrett, S.D., Barron, L.D., Bayliss, S., Becker, U., Benning, L.G., Berrah, N., Binns, C., Bisby, R.H., Bizau, J.M., Blake, R.J., Bowler, M.A., Bowyer, J., Brettle, J., Briggs, D., Brown, L.M., Brown, W.A., Burke, P.G., Cacho, C., Carter, R., Catlow, R., Cernik, R.J., Chesters, M., Clark, S.A., Clarke, D.T., Clarke, J.A., Codling, K., Cogdell, R., Connaughton, D., Connerade, J.P., Costello, J.T., Crapper, M.D., Creaser, C., Currell, F.J., Davies, P.B., de Jong, M., Dessent, C., Dhanak, V.R., Dobson, D.M., Dobson, P.J., Doig, A.J., Donovan, R.J., Dumas, P., Dunn, K., Dutuit, O., Dyke, J.M., Eastham, D.A., Egdell, R.G., Eland, J.H.D., Emerson, D.R., Eriksson, M., Erman, P., Evans, A., Evans, H., Evans, S., Field, T., Fielding, H., Fisher, A., Flavell, W.R., Ford, R., Frasinski, L.J., Freeman, N., Galayda, J.N., Gardner, P., Garside, J., Gay, N.J., Gejo, T., George, M., Gray, M.D., Greenshaw, T.J., Greig, D., Halsall, M.P., Hamilton, B., Harrison, N.M., Hasnain, S.S., Hatherly, P.A., Heathcote, P., Helliwell, J.R., Henderson, C.M.B, Hepburn, J., Hill, J., Hirst, G., Hirst, J.D., Holland, D.M.P., Horn, A.B., Horton, P., Hunt, M.R.C., Hutchinson, H., Inglesfield, J.E., Ivanov, V.K., Johnson, C.A.F., Johnson, L.N., Jones, D., Jones, F.H., Jones, G.R., Jones, L., Kadodwala, M., Karlsson, L., Kennedy, E.T., King, G.C., King, M.R.F., Kirkman, I.W., Kleese, K., Knight, P.L., Kylstra, N., Larkins, F.P., Latimer, C., Lawley, K.P., Leggett, G.J., Lewis, R.A., Lindsey, K., Lu, J.R., Lyng, F.M., Macdonald, M.A., Malins, A., Marangos, J.P., Margaritondo, G., Marsi, M., Marston, G., Martin, S.R., Martin-Fernandez, M.L., Mason, N.J., Matthew, J.A.D., McCoustra, M.R.S., McGilp, J., McGovern, I.T., McGrath, R., Meldrum, R.A., Meyer, M., Millar, T.J., Mitchell, D., Møller, S.P., Molster, F.J., Moriarty, P., Morin, P., Munro, I.H., Murdin, B.N., Nahon, L., Newell, W.R., Noble, C.J., Nordgren, E.J., Norman, P.R., O'Brien, P., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, P., Owen, H., Pain, R., Papiz, M., Parker, A., Parker, J., Parr, A., Pattrick, R., Pemble, M.E., Picardo, M., Pidgeon, C.R., Pinheiro, T.J.T., Poliakoff, E.D., Poole, M.W., Potts, A., Potvliege, R., Powis, I., Price, S.D., Quinn, F.M., Radford, S., Rachlew-Källne, E., Raval, R., Read, F.H., Reddish, T.J., Ridley, P.A., Roberts, G., Russell, A.E., Ryan, A.J., Sapelkin, A., Sato, S., Schneider, A., Seddon, E.A., Shaw, E.A., Shen, T., Sherwood, P., Šiller, L., Smith, A.D., Smith, D.A., Smith, I., Smith, S.L., Snowdon, K., Softley, T.P., Sokell, E., Southworth, S.H., Srivistava, G.P., Stankiewicz, M., Sule-Suso, J., Sutherland, J.C., Surman, M., Svensson, S., Taylor, A.O., Temmerman, W.M., Thomas, A., Tiddy, G.J., Tobin, M., Towns-Andrews, Elizabeth, Towrie, M., Truscott, G., Tuckett, R.P., Turner, Tracy, Twigg, M.V., Vagdama, P., van der Hart, H.W., Volk, M., Vrakkring, M.J.J., Walker, I.C., Wander, A., Wasserman, S.P., Watanabe, M., Weightman, P., Welton, T., West, J.B., Wharton, C.W., Whitehead, J.C., Williams, G.P., Winick, H., Withnall, R., Woodruff, D.P., and Zayats, A.

Subjects
Q1
Published
2001

8. Chronic intermittent hypoxia and incremental cycling exercise independently depress muscle in vitro maximal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in well-trained athletes.

Author

Aughey, R.J., Gore, C.J., Hahn, A.G., Garnham, A.P., Clark, S.A., Petersen, A.C., Roberts, A.D., and McKenna, M.J.

Subjects
HYPOXEMIA, EXERCISE, SODIUM, ADENOSINE triphosphatase, OXYGEN, PHYSICAL fitness
Abstract

Athletes commonly attempt to enhance performance by training in normoxia but sleeping in hypoxia [live high and train low (LHTL)]. However, chronic hypoxia reduces muscle Na+-K+-ATPase content, whereas fatiguing contractions reduce Na+-K+-ATPase activity, which each may impair performance. We examined whether LHTL and intense exercise would decrease muscle Na+-K+-ATPase activity and whether these effects would be additive and sufficient to impair performance or plasma K+ regulation. Thirteen subjects were randomly assigned to two fitness-matched groups, LHTL (n = 6) or control (Con, n = 7). LHTL slept at simulated moderate altitude (3,000 m, inspired O2 fraction = 15.48%) for 23 nights and lived and trained by day under normoxic conditions in Canberra (altitude -600 m). Con lived, trained, and slept in normoxia. A standardized incremental exercise test was conducted before and after LHTL. A vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was taken at rest and after exercise, before and after LHTL or Con, and analyzed for maximal Na+-t-ATPase activity [K ± - stimulated 3 -O-methylfluorescein phosphatase (3-O- MEPase)] and Na+-K+-ATPase content ([3H]ouabain binding sites). 3-O-MFPase activity was decreased by -2.9 ± 2.6% in LHTL (P < 0.05) and was depressed immediately after exercise (P < 0.05) similarly in Con and LHTL (-13.0 ± 3.2 and -1.8 ± 1.5%, respectively). Plasma K+ concentration during exercise was unchanged by LHTL; [³H]ouabain binding was unchanged with LHTL or exercise. Peak oxygen consumption was reduced in LHTL (P < 0.05) but not in Con, whereas exercise work was unchanged in either group. Thus LHTL had a minor effect on, and incremental exercise reduced, Na+-K+-ATPase activity. However, the small LHTL-induced depression of 3-O-MFPase activity was insufficient to adversely affect either K+ regulation or total work performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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10. Tsuga caroliniana

Author

J.R. Bozeman, R.C. Clark, S.A. Spongberg & A.E. Radford, J.R. Bozeman, R.C. Clark, S.A. Spongberg & A.E. Radford, J.R. Bozeman, R.C. Clark, S.A. Spongberg & A.E. Radford, and J.R. Bozeman, R.C. Clark, S.A. Spongberg & A.E. Radford

Abstract

Gymnosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1213324%5DMICH-V-1213324, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1213324/MICH-V-1213324/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Published
1966

11. Selected Abstracts.

Author

Garner, C.A., Opp, K.D., Rosenbluth, G., Boland, L.A., Dugger, W.A., Vaughn, K.I., Benninga, S.Z., Blume, L.E., Brown, D.J., Heal, G., Clark, S.A., Greenberg, J., Harris, M., Howitt, P.W., P.R., Nayak, Townsend, R.M., Brandt, K., and D., Furth

Subjects
ECONOMICS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, ORGANIZATIONAL structure, INDUSTRIAL management, ECONOMIC development, THEORY, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

The article presents a list of selected abstracts published in various issues of the periodical "Journal of Economic Literature." Some topics included in the list are general economics, theory, history, system, economic growth, development, planning, fluctuations, quantitative economic methods and data, domestic monetary and fiscal theory and institutions, international economics, administration, business finance, marketing, accounting, industrial organization, technological change, industry studies, agriculture, natural resources and manpower, labor and population. In the article "The Emergence and Effects of Social Norms: A Confrontation of Some Hypotheses of Sociology and Economics," by K.D. Opp this paper aims at confronting some sociological and economic hypotheses on norms. At first some sociological hypotheses, which are frequently stated in the literature, are clarified and criticized. In the article "Knowledge and the Role of Institutions in Economic Theory," L.A. Boland argues that unless the dynamic nature of institutions is properly explained, no explanation of evolutionary economics can ever succeed. In particular, the neoclassical view of the nature and role of institutions either is inherently incapable of dealing with the questions of dynamics or it is outrightly inconsistent.

Published
1980

12. CORRESPONDENCE.

Author

Kisselev, Andrei, Lowgren, Monika, McTamney, Moya, Robinson, Margaret, Wallstam, Eva, Zielinski, Henryk, Olver, Jane, Spender, Quentin, Thomson, Alistair P.J., Jaffe, I.P., MacVicar, Donald, Symon, David N.K., Clark, S.A., Campbell, A.N., Clarke, M.A., Dyson, P.H.P., Brearley, Stephen, and Hawker, P.C.

Subjects
MEDICINE, MALNUTRITION, PEPTIC ulcer, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

Reports global developments related to medicine as of September 1985. Malnutrition in developing countries; Importance of hypovolemic shock in predicting recurrent hemorrhage from peptic ulceration; Factors that influence the choice between Ayurvedic and Western medicine by patients in Sri Lanka.

Published
1985

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