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Machinability is assessed by a set of criteria or machinability functions, the knowledge of which is needed in optimising the machining process. New cutting tool materials and new concepts of the machine tools provide new possibilities and cause quantitative changes in machinability functions. This research has studied the cutting forces function, as one of the crucial machinability functions. The research was done at longitudinal turning of steel 16MnCr5. Coated carbide inserts for roughing and finishing with different inclination angles were used, and tool clamping system has enabled the changes of entry angle. Obtained results confirm that entry angle and geometry of cutting insert significantly influence cutting forces especially thrust cutting force. Obdelovalnost lahko ocenimo z nizom kriterijev oz. obdelovalnih funkcij, poznavanje katerih je nujno za optimizacijo obdelovalnega postopka. Novi materiali rezalnih orodij in nove zasnove obdelovalnih orodij zagotavljajo nove možnosti in omogočajo količinske spremembe obdelovalnih funkcij. V tej raziskavi smo raziskali funkcijo rezalnih sil, kot eno izmed bistvenih obdelovalnih funkcij. Raziskavo smo opravili pri vzdolžnem struženju jekla 16MnCr5. Uporabili smo oplaščene karbidne ploščice za grobo in končno obdelavo z različnimi koti. Vstopne kote smo spreminjali s sistemom za vpenjanje orodja. Dobljeni rezultati so potrdili. da vstopni kot in geometrijska oblika ploščic zelo vplivata na rezalne sile, se posebej na potisno rezalno silo.

The increase of grinding productivity can results in incorrect grinding and the consequence is the occurrence of grinding defects on the ground surface. The work investigate the grinding burn intensity, the change of surface layer hardness and the layer depth of variable workpiece hardness, on increasing of grinding productivity. Experiment was done for different workpeace materials and for different grinding wheel topography. The results have shown that the increase in grinding productivity results in an increase of burn intensity, reduction of the surface lightness interval value, and an increase in the change of surface layer hardness and the layer depth of variable workpiece hardness.

The productivity increase of the grinding process expressed by reduced material removal rate can result in incorrect grinding and the consequence is the ground surface burn and occurrence of other grinding defects on the ground surface. The paper studies the burn intensity of the ground surface and other grinding defects in different material samples, depending on the increase of grinding productivity. The ground surface burn intensity has been determined by means of the surface lightness interval, with the upper and lower value, and measurements were carried out on the Image Analysis System LECO2001. The results have shown that the increase in grinding productivity on all the ground material specimens results in an increase of burn intensity, reduction of the surface lightness interval value, and an increase in the change of surface layer hardness and the layer depth of variable workpiece hardness. Therefore, the surface lightness interval values, i.e. the burn intensity of the ground surface can determine the correctness of the grinding process and approximate limited productivity.

Orthogonal turn-milling is replacing turning because of its advantages such as: higher productivity of the procedure, shape of chip, and longer tool life. By using high speeds the centrifugal forces of workpiece clamping devices during turning represent a significant limitation, thus rendering turn-milling an even greater importance. Therefore, the procedure deserves to be systemically analysed and compared to turning. The analysis and comparison of the theoretical roughness of the machined surfaces also gives advantage to orthogonal turn-milling. This provides knowledge and guidelines for further experimental research.

Težnja ka sve većoj proizvodnosti postupka brušenja, neželjeno može dovesti do prekoračenja graničnih uvjeta brušenja i neispravnog brušenja. Kao posljedica javljaju se pogreške brušenja u površinskom sloju brušene površine. U radu je istraživana ovisnost intenziteta spaljivanja brušene površine i ostalih pogrešaka brušenja o vrijednostima reduciranog učina brušenja, Qbr , odnosno proizvodnosti. Intenzitet spaljivanja brušene površine određivan je intervalom svjetloće površine, koji ima donju i gornju granicu izraženu u pixelima, a mjerenja su se provodila na uređaju za analizu slike LECO2001. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da kod brušenja s malim vrijednostima Qbr, interval svjetloće ima visoke granične vrijednosti. Povećanjem vrijednosti reduciranog učina brušenja svi uzorci materijala se jače spaljuju, imaju tamniju boju površine i niske granične vrijednosti intervala svjetloće. Pored toga nastaju i ostale pogreške brušenja kao što su promjena tvrdoće i mikrostrukture podpovršinskog sloja brušene površine, pa i toplinske napukline. Time je potvrđena pretpostavka da postoji značajna korelacija između intenziteta spaljivanja brušene površine i ostalih pogrešaka brušenja. Uz navedenu pretpostavku, početak jačeg spaljivanja brušene površine odgovara graničnim uvjetima brušenja i može biti nagovještaj daljnjeg neispravnog brušenja, a vrijednost ostvarenog reduciranog učina brušenja predstavlja granični reducirani učin brušenja kod kojeg je kvaliteta brušene površine još zadovoljavajuća. U radu se preporuča da se kao parametar za određivanje početka jačeg spaljivanja usvoji granična svjetloća brušene površine, SVg-br , što se u dosadašnjim istraživanjima nije koristilo. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je kod sva četiri izabrana uzorka materijala SVg-br=100 pixela. Prema tome, ako se brušenjem izabranih uzoraka materijala, uz navedene uvjete brušenja i obrade rezne površine brusa, oštrim brusom i odabranom vrijednošću reduciranog učina brušenja dobije vrijednost donje granice intervala svjetloće SVd ispod vrijednosti SVg-br, spaljivanje brušene površine je jače, javljaju se pogreške brušenja, postupak brušenja je neispravan, a vrijednost reduciranog učina brušenja je veća od graničnog reduciranog učina brušenja. U radu je za svaki izabrani uzorak materijala data ovisnost SVd = f(Ns, vo, ap ), na osnovu koje je moguć pravilan izbor vrijednosti tih parametara. Prema vrijednosti SVd i SVg-br=100 pixela, određene su vrijednosti graničnog reduciranog učina brušenja pojedinog brušenog uzorka materijala. U radu je potvrđeno da je nemoguće odrediti jedinstvenu vrijednost graničnog reduciranog učina brušenja, jer ovisi o nizu utjecajnih faktora brušenja. Daljnja istraživanja su pokazala da vrijednost parametra SVg-br za izabrane uzorke materijale i kod promjenjenih uvjeta brušenja, promjenjenih uvjeta obrade rezne površine brusa ili izbora brusa, može imati vrijednost 100 pixela. Glede toga, granična svjetloća brušene površine SVg-br , pogodan je parametar za određivanje vrijednosti graničnog reduciranog učina brušenja i brusivosti uzoraka materijala, jer materijal uzorka koji ima veću vrijednost graničnog reduciranog učina brušenja ima veću brusivost. Rezultati istraživanja su također pokazali da bi se ovakav način određivanja graničnih uvjeta brušenja, pomoću intenziteta spaljivanja površine, mogao koristiti i kao metoda za nadzor i dijagnostiku procesa brušenja.

U ovom završnom radu razmatraju se različite izvedbe prijenosnih CNC plazma uređaja. Naglasak je dan na dizajniranju takvog stroja i njegovoj konačnoj izradi. U uvodu je opisan proces plazma rezanja, te njegove moguće varijacije. Također se uspoređuje lasersko, plazma i plinsko rezanje. Kasnije je opisana oprema potreba za rad s prijenosnim CNC plazma rezačem. Te se razmatra kakvi su to strojevi, kako izgledaju, kako rade i gdje se koriste takvi strojevi. Opisana je i konstrukcija stroja koja je izrađena u ovom radu te objašnjeno zašto je takva. Na kraju se opisuju procesi potrebni za izradu ovog stroja, te koji su se dijelovi sve morali izraditi i na koji način. U prilogu se nalazi sva tehnička dokumentacija potrebna za izradu stroja izrađenog u ovom radu. In this final paper, different versions of portable CNC plasma devices are considered. Emphasis is placed on designing such a machine and its final production. The introduction describes the plasma cutting process and its possible variations. Laser, plasma and gas cutting are also compared. Later, the equipment needed for working with a portable CNC plasma cutter was described. Next it was considered what kind of machines they are, how they look, how they work and where such machines are used. The construction of the machine that was made in this paper is also described, and why it was made like that was explained. At the end, the processes we needed to make this machine are described, and which parts had to be made and in what way they were made. The template contains all the technical documentation needed to create the machine created in this work.

Ovaj završni rad bavi se tematikom obradnih centra u proizvodnji medicinskih implantata. U uvodnom dijelu navedeni su suvremeni zahtjevi tržišta i proizvodnje, prikazana je podjela obradnih strojeva s obzirom na tehnološki prostor te su navedene glavne karakteristike medicinskih implantata. U nastavku je dan opis obradnih centara, njihov povijesni razvoj, glavne značajke i prikazani su osnovni moduli obradnih centara. Detaljno su opisani tokarski obradni centar Tornos EvoDECO 16 i glodaći obradni centar HAAS VF-2SSYT u vlasništvu tvrtke Eonex d.o.o. koja se bavi proizvodnjom medicinskih implantata na obradnim centrima. U završnom dijelu rada, opisan je cjeloviti proizvodni proces izrade odabranog implantata, od samog dolaska sirovca u skladište, strojne obrade, završne obrade i kontrole, do pakiranja i isporuke gotovog proizvoda. This bachelor thesis delas with machining centers in the production of medical implants. In the introduction, the modern requirements of the market and production are listed, and the division of machine tools with respect to the technological space and the main characteristics of medical implants are shown. In further parts, a description of machining centers, their historical development, main features and basic modules of machining centers are given. Tornos EvoDECO 16 turning machining center and HAAS VF-2SSYT milling machining center owned by Eonex d.o.o., a company that produces medical implants on machining centers, are described in detail. In the final part of the paper, the complete production process of implant production is described, from the arrival of the raw material in the warehouse, machining, finishing and control, to packaging and delivery of the finished product.

U suvremenom svijetu laseri pronalaze veliku primjenu u industriji. Zbog svojih svojstava poput beskontaktne obrade i niske potrošnje energije naročito su primjenjivi u postupcima obrade metala poput zavarivanja, rezanja, 3D printanja i graviranja. Mogućnost integracije s drugim tehnologijama, te njihovo jednostavno korištenje pridonose velikom povećanju automatizacije i fleksibilnosti proizvodnog pogona. U ovom radu detaljno je opisana tehnološka primjena lasere s naglaskom na postupak laserskog graviranja koji predstavlja jedan od najzastupljenijih procesa označavanja predmeta. Konvencionalni postupci graviranja zahtijevaju veliki utrošak vremena uz smanjenu kvalitetu izrade. Iz spomenutog razloga u današnje vrijeme uređaji za lasersko graviranje poput galvo glava nalaze veliku primjenu u mnogim granama industrije. Galvo glave biti će razrađene u daljnjem dijelu rada, te će biti navedena mogućnost integracije s ostalim tehnologijama. Operacijski sustavi otvorene arhitekture idealni su za upravljanje CNC strojevima i uređajima za lasersko graviranje. Njihova jednostavna upotreba, te mogućnost primjene na jednostavnim računalima pridodaju im veliku važnost u proizvodne ali i edukacijske svrhe. Kao najpoznatiji sustav ističe se LinuxCNC čija će struktura biti opisana u radu, te će biti naveden primjer njegovog upravljanja CNC strojem za lasersko graviranje. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada biti će izrađeno konstrukcijsko rješenje ugradnje dostupne galvo glave na 3-osnu glodalicu. Izradit će se modeli konstrukcije i prijedlog njihovog spajanja kako bi se proizveo hibridan stroj s mogućnošću graviranja i glodanja. In the modern world, lasers are finding many applications for industrial purposes. Due to their properties such as contactless machining and low energy consumption, they are particularly applicable in metalworking processes such as welding, cutting, 3D printing and engraving. The possibility of integration with other technologies and their ease of use contribute to a large increase in automation and flexibility of the production plants. This paper describes in detail the technological application of lasers with the main focus on laser engraving which is most widely used process for marking objects. Conventional engravin processes require a lot of time alongside reduced quality of marked objects. For that reason laser engraving devices such as galvo heads are widely used in many industries. Galvo heads or scanners will be elaborated in the further part of this paper and the possibilty of integration with other technologies will also be mentioned. Open architecture operating systems are ideal for controlling CNC machines and laser engraving devices. Their ease of use and the possiblity of application on simple computers make them great for manufacturing and educational purposes. The most famous open architecture system is LinuxCNC, whose structure will be described in this paper, along with an example of its control of a CNC laser engraving machine. In the experimental part of the paper a design solution for the installation of the accessible galvo head on 3-axis milling machine will be developed. Design models and a proposal for their joining will be made in order to produce a hybrid machine with the possibilty of engraving and milling.

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je projektiranje tehnoloskog procesa obrade kalupnog uloska. Opisat ce se cijeli proces proizvodnje uloska od dolaska sirovca u tvrtku do isporuke kupcu. Za pocetak ce se opisati proizvodni izazovi te kako se uz pomoc industrije 4.0 nositi sa njima. Takoder ce se nesto reci o tvrtci Teh-Cut d.o.o. i sto ono proizvodi. Nakon toga ce se opisati CAD program CATIA i kako doprinosi kreaciji, dizajniranju i optimiziranju proizvoda. Trece poglavlje govori o vaznosti planiranja i organizacije proizvodnje i kako nam ERP sustav pomaze u tom procesu. Dalje ide najvazniji dio ovog diplomskog rada a to je automatizacija. Objasniti ce se sto je to fleksibilni proizvodni sustav i industrija 4.0 i sto je potrebno za njihovo ostvarivanje. Naglasak ce biti na upravljackom sustavu SOFLEX koji upravlja procesom i povezuje razlicite proizvodne sustave. Peto poglavlje opisuje kako se radi kontrola kvalitete u tvrtci na primjeru kalupnog uloska. Dalje slijedi opis CAM programa Tebis i utjecaj CAM sustava na proizvodnju i njegova integracija sa CAD sustavom. Nakon toga slijedi sedmo poglavlje koje se odnosi na sustave za upravljanje i organizaciju reznih alata. Ispricat ce se kako softveri za upravljanje alatima skracuju potrebno pripremno vrijeme alata i njihovu integraciju sa skladisnim sustavima i strojevima za prednamjestanje alata. Za kraj ce se opisati proces automatizacije izrade kalupnog uloska i sto je sve trebalo biti zadovoljeno za izradu. The topic of this thesis is the design of the technological process of a molding insert. The whole process of insert production from the arrival of the raw material in the company to the delivery of finished product to the customer will be described. To begin with, production challenges will be described and how to deal with them with the help of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the company Teh-Cut d.o.o. will be described and what it produces. After that, the CAD program CATIA will be described and how it contributes to the creation, design and optimization of products. The third chapter talks about the importance of planning and organizing production and how the ERP system helps us in this process. Next comes the most important part of this thesis and that is automation. It will be explained what a flexible manufacturing system and what is Industry 4.0 and what is needed to make them happen. The emphasis will be on the SOFLEX control system, which manages the process and connects the various production systems. The fifth chapter describes how quality control is done in the company on the example of a mold insert. The following chapter is a description of the Tebis CAM program and the impact of the CAM system on production and its integration with the CAD system. This is followed by the seventh chapter, which deals with the systems for managing and organizing cutting tools. It will be told how tool management software shortens the required tool preparation time and their integration with storage systems and presetting machines. Finally, the process of automating the production and what had to be satisfied for the production of the mold insert will be described.

Tema ovog završnog rada su suvremeni hibridni alatni strojevi. Hibridni alatni strojevi su numerički upravljani strojevi koji primjenjuju dvije ili više različite tehnologije na jednom alatnom stroju. Primarni cilj tih strojeva je povećati produktivnost i smanjiti nedostatke koji mogu nastati primjenom odvojenih tehnologija. Strojevi se koriste za nadogradnju i popravak proizvoda te za proizvodnju potpuno novog proizvoda. Ovaj rad je podijeljen u četiri poglavlja. Na početku su definirani hibridni procesi i dana je njihova podjela na potpomognute i kombinirane procese te kontroliranu primjenu procesnih mehanizama. Potom su obrađeni neki od predstavnika potpomognutih hibridnih procesa te kombiniranih procesa. Sljedeći dio ovog rada predstavlja kontrolirana primjena procesnih mehanizama čiji su predstavnici lasersko oblaganje i glodanje te ultrazvučna tehnologija. Unutar tog poglavlja predstavljeni su neki hibridni strojevi i date su njihove najvažnije karakteristike. A theme of this final paper are modern hybrid machine tools. Hybrid machine tools are numerically controlled machine tools which use two or more different technologies in the same machine. Primary purpose of these machines is to increase productivity and to decrease a number of imperfections that can appear when multiple separated technologies are used. These machines can be used for upgrade and reparation, as well as production of completely new products. This paper contains four chapters. In first chapter hybrid processes are defined and they are classified as assisted, mixed processes or controlled application of process mechanisms. Then some representatives of assisted and mixed processes are defined. The next section of this paper covers the controlled application of process mechanisms through laser sintering and milling and ultrasonic machining as examples. In that chapter, some hybrid machine tools are introduced as well as their main characteristics.

Razvoj suvremene proizvodnje i konstruiranje sve složenijih proizvoda definira smjer razvoja obradnih sustava. Primjenom suvremenih materijala znatno boljih mehaničkih i fizikalnih svojstava, nameće se pitanje efikasnosti konvencionalnih postupaka obrade. Uz kontinuirano unaprjeđenje suvremenih materijala i proizvoda, razvijaju se brojni nekonvencionalni i hibridni procesi obrade. U ovom diplomskom radu opisani su svi značajniji nekonvencionalni postupci obrade odvajanjem. Podijeljeni su na nekoliko skupina, ovisno o vrsti energije koju koriste tijekom procesa obrade. Detaljno su opisani principi rada, njihova primjena te prednosti i nedostatci svakog procesa obrade. Poseban je naglasak stavljen na elektroerozijsku obradu, kao jedan od najbitnijih postupaka obrade u alatničarskoj industriji. Nadalje, detaljno je opisan postupak projektiranja grafitne elektrode za elektroeroziju. Opisan je postupak odabira materijala, analize površina, modeliranje površina i kreiranja EDM elektrode pomoću Tebis-ovog softverskog modula za izradu elektroda, izrada dokumentacije i NC programa za obradu te završna kontrola i mjerenje na CMM uređaju. The development of modern production and the construction of increasingly complex products defines the direction of development of machining systems. By applying modern materials with significantly better mechanical and physical properties, the question of the efficiency of conventional processing procedures arises. With the continuous improvement of modern materials and products, numerous unconventional and hybrid machining processes are being developed. This thesis describes all significant unconventional separation processes. They are divided into several groups, depending on the type of energy they use during the processing. The principles of operation, their application and the advantages and disadvantages of each processing are described in detail. Special emphasis is placed on EDM, as one of the most important machining processes in the tool industry. Furthermore, the process of designing a graphite electrode for electroerosion is described in detail. The procedure of material selection, surface analysis, surface modeling and EDM electrode creation using Tebis software module for electrode fabrication, documentation preparation and NC processing program, and final control and measurement on the CMM device is described.

Rast tržišta i sve učestaliji zahtjevi za velikim i kompleksnim kamenim obratcima predstavljaju veliki izazov za njihovu obradu koja se vrši uz povećan broj stezanja. Obrada takvih dijelova najčešće se vrši na pet osnim glodaćim obradnim centrima. Jednostavnom ugradnjom modula za okretno glodanje višestruko bi se smanjilo vrijeme obrade i mogućnost eventualnih pogrešaka uslijed većeg broja stezanja. U ovom radu dan je pregled postojećih strojeva za obradu kamena te je dano vlastito idejno rješenje modula za okretno glodanje kamenih obradaka. Isto tako, dat je prijedlog pogonskih i konstrukcijskih elemenata posmičnog prigona za rotaciju obratka. Market growth and the increasing demand for large and complex stone workpieces presents a major challenge for their machining, which is done with an increased number of clamping. The machining of such parts is most commonly done on five-axis milling machining centers. Simply installing a turning-milling module would greatly reduce machining time and the possibility of possible errors due to a large number of clamping. In this paper is given an overview of existing stone processing machines and a conceptual design of the turning-milling module for machining stone workpieces. Likewise, the powertrain and structural elements of feed drive for workpiece rotation are suggested.

Ovaj završni rad opisuje unaprjeđenje jednog tehnološkog postupka te tranziciju izrade s konvencionalnih na numerički upravljane alatne strojeve. Cilj je, osim unaprjeđenja samog tehnološkog postupka, povećati kvalitetu i ponovljivost proizvoda te omogućiti izradu veće količine uz korištenje što manjeg broja alatnih strojeva (CNC tokarski stroj, CNC glodaći obradni centar). U uvodnom dijelu je opisan postojeći tehnološki postupak izrade sklopa vilice te su istaknuti učestali problemi prilikom izrade. U nastavku se opisuje unaprjeđenje tehnološkog postupka izrade sastavnih dijelova sklopa vilice, razrađuje se u smislene cjeline te se daje slijedan prikaz potrebnih operacija i alata. Posebna pažnja je posvećena osmišljavanju i konstruiranju pomoćnih steznih naprava, koje uvelike pomažu prilikom realizacije sveukupnog unaprjeđenja, jer se u jednoj napravi pozicionira, steže i na kraju obrađuje veći broj pozicija sklopa vilice (tijelo vilice i svornjak). Sve komponente su konstruirane te su operacije izrade simulirane u 3D virtualnom prikazu programskog paketa Solidworks 2015. Naposljetku se komentiraju moguća dodatna i buduća unaprjeđenja tehnološkog postupka izrade sklopa vilice. This bachelor thesis deals with the improvement of the technological machining process and the transition from conventional to numerically controlled machine tools machining. The main objective, apart from improving the technological machining process itself, is to increase the quality and repeatability of the product as well as the production quantity while using as few as possible of machine tools (CNC lathe, CNC milling machine). The introductory section describes the existing technological machining process of the fork assembly manufacturing where frequent problems of manufacturing are highlighted. In the following, the improved technological machining process of the fork assembly components is described, elaborated in a meaningful whole and is given a sequential overview of the required operations and tools. Particular attention is paid to conceptualization and design of auxiliary clamping devices, which greatly assist in the realization of the entire improvement, because in one clamping device, a large number of components of the fork assembly (fork body and bolt) are positioned, clamped and machined. All components are designed and operations simulated in the 3D virtual representation of Solidworks 2015. Lastly, possible additional and future improvements of the technological machining process of fork assembly is commented.

Vrlo važnu komponentu, prilikom gradnje alatnih strojeva, predstavlja modul posmičnog prigona. On osigurava kontinuitet posmičnog gibanja prilikom obrade odvajanjem čestica. U radu su prikazana najčešća dosadašnja rješenja posmičnih prigona. Prikazana je konstrukcija tri identična posmična prigona, koja predstavljaju laboratorijski postav. Svojom krutošću i dinamičnošću odgovara karakteristikama suvremenih rješenja. On će studentima Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje u Zagrebu omogućiti edukaciju te olakšanu praktičnu nastavu kao i izvođenje laboratorijskih istraživanja. Rad sadržava detaljan prikaz svih pozicija koji čine modul posmičnog prigona. Isto tako, prikazana je njihova izrada i montaža u Laboratoriju za alatne strojeve. A very important component on the machine tool is a modulus of feed drive. It ensures the continuity of feed motion during processing by particle separation. This work presents the most commonly used solutions of feed drives. The structure is shown in three identical feed drives representing a laboratory setting. Its rigidity and dynamism correspond to the features of contemporary solutions. This solution will provide education and facilitate practical training as well as conducting laboratory research for students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb. The work contains a detailed view of all the positions that make up the feed drive module. Also, their production and installation in the Laboratory of machine tools is presented.

Alatni strojevi s paralelnom kinematskom strukturom odlikuju se velikim posmičnim brzinama zbog male pokretne mase, no mana im je relativno mala krutost sustava. Puno je utjecaja na krutost no spojevi između pokretnih dijelova posmičnih osi, zvani zglobovi, imaju najveći utjecaj. Njih je potrebno izvesti precizno i čvrsto jer su najslabije karike sustava. U radu je dan opis alatnih strojeva s paralelnom kinematskom strukturom te pregled najčešćih rješenja zglobova obradnih sustava s paralelnom kinematskom strukturom. Također je izrađena potrebna tehnička dokumentacija odabranog zgloba, te tehnološki programi za izradu svih nestandardnih pozicija u CAD/CAE/CAM sustavu CATIA V5. Machines with a parallel kinematics structure are characterized by high speed velocities due to their small moving mass, but their flaw is a relatively low rigidity of the system. There are many influences on stiffness but the connections between the moving parts of the heeling axes, called the joints, have the greatest influence. They need to be executed precisely and firmly because they are the weakest point of the system. This paper presents a description of machines with a parallel kinematics structure and an overview of the most common solutions of the joint systems in a parallel kinematics structure. The required technical documentation of the selected joint and the technological programs for making all non-standard positions in the CAD / CAE / CAM system CATIA V5, were also created.

Drvo je relativno lako obradiv prirodni materijal niske gustoće, nešto slabijih mehaničkih svojstava i slabije toplinske provodnosti. Zbog toga se može reći da drvo kao tehnički materijal ima dušu. U ovom radu prikazat će se osnovna svojstva drva kao i njihov utjecaj na proces obrade odvajanjem čestica. Obradit će se ključni dijelovi teorije rezanja drva kako bi se lakše razumjela konstrukcija samog alatnog stroja, tj. tokarilice za obradu drva. U sklopu teorije rezanja prikazat će se specifičnosti obrade drva kao anizotropno-ortotropnog materijala. Dati će se uvid u rezne alate i konstrukcijske dijelove tokarilice. Cilj ovog rada je pojednostaviti konstrukciju tokarskog stroja, odnosno prilagoditi je za samogradnju, a da se ne naruši funkcionalnost i sigurnost stroja. U završnom djelu rada predstavljena je konstrukcija jedne takve modelarske tokarilice izrađena u programskom paketu SOLIDWORKS 2016. Konstrukcija je potkrijepljena proračunom osnovnih dijelova stroja. Prilikom konstruiranja posebna je pažnja posvećena jednostavnosti, upotrebi što više standardnih dijelova kao i korištenju jeftinijih i pristupačnijih tehnologija izrade dijelova. Wood is relatively easy to process natural low density material, with somewhat weaker mechanical properties and lower thermal conductivity. Because of this it can be said that wood as tehnical material has a soul. In this bachelor thesis will be presented basic properties of wood, as well as theirs influence on the cutting process. Key parts of the wood cutting theory will be worked out in order to make it easier to understand the design of the machine tool itself, i.e. the woodworking lathe. In the cutting theory it will be shown some specificities of wood processing as an isotropic-orthotropic material. Insight will be given to the cutting tools and lathe anathomy. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to simplify the design of a woodworking lathe so it can be built at home by hoby users, but not to undermine functionality and saefty of machine tool. In the final part of the work will be presented simplified design of a hoby woodworking lathe, designed in SOLIDWORKS 2016. Design is supported by the calculus of basic parts of the machine. In design process special attention was given to simplicity, using as maney standard parts and more affordable manufacturing technologies.

Ovaj završni rad bavi se tematikom sklopova obradnih strojeva i mogućnostima poboljšanja njihovih karakteristika. U uvodnom dijelu ukratko je opisana povijest i razvoj obradnih strojeva. U nastavku je dana podjela i opis obradnih strojeva prema tehnološkom prostoru. Osim toga, detaljno su objašnjeni glavni moduli obradnih strojeva odnosno pogonski sustavi, postolja, vodilice, sustav za prihvat alata i naprave za stezanje obradaka. Povrh svega, prikazane su i detaljno opisane razne inovacije sklopova obradnih strojeva u svrhu poboljšanja značajki i mogućnosti tih strojeva. Za poboljšanja pogonskih sustava opisano je pametno motorvreteno te hibridni ležajevi za uležištenje, implementacija momentnog motora u okretno nagibni stol i revolversku glavu te direktni posmični pogon. Također je prikazan sustav hlađenja kugličnog navojnog vretena i matice, a za poboljšanje karakteristika postolja obradnog stroja objašnjena je primjena mineralnog lijeva. This bachelor thesis deals with machine tool modules and possibilities of improving their characteristics. In the introduction, history and development of machine tools is described. In further part division and description of machine tools according to technological space is given. Additionally, machine tool modules are explained with great detail including motor systems, machine tool base, guideways, system for tool clamping and devices for workpiece clamping. Furthermore, different inovations of machine tools modules are showed and described with great detail all in purpose of improving characteristics and possibilities of machine tools. For improvements of motor systems smart motorspindle and hybrid bearings are described together with implementation of torque motors in rotary tilting table and turret head, as well as direct linear drive. There is also presented system of ball screw and nut cooling, and for improvement of characteristics of machine tool base implementation of mineral cast is described.

Obradni centri predstavljaju osnovne jedinke (module) pri gradnji fleksibilnih obradnih sustava. Prigon glavnog gibanja obradnog centra treba udovoljiti visokim zahtjevima točnosti obradbe i krutosti zbog čestih promjena opterećenja i učestalosti vrtnje kod korištenja različitih vrsta reznih alata. Cilj je rada proračunati jedan takav prigon glavnog rotacijskog gibanja vertikalnog glodaćeg obradnog centra. Nakon uvoda, u drugom poglavlju rada dan je prikaz obradnih centara, njihova podjela,osnovne značajke te neke od mogućih izvedbi. U trećem poglavlju prikazane su najčešće izvedbe glavnih prigona numerički upravljanih alatnih strojeva. Četvrto poglavlje daje smjernice projektiranja glavnog vretena i ostalih pripadajućih dijelova glavnog prigona alatnog stroja. Središnji dio rada, peto poglavlje, čini proračun, od izbora ulaznih parametara i izbora alata te režima obrade, preko izbora pogonskog elektromotora, proračuna remenskog prijenosa, dimenzioniranja glavnog vretena i izbora leţajeva do kontrole glavnog vretena, izbora drţača alata i sustava stezanja alata. U šestom poglavlju nalazi se dijagram toka proračuna prigona glavnog gibanja, a nakon toga zaključak rada. CNC machining centres represent the primary individuals in the construction of flexible machining systems. Machining centres main driving mechanism must meet the high requirements for the processing accuracy and rigidity due to frequent load and speed changes upon using various types of cutting tools. The aim of this thesis is to calculate one such driving mechanism of the main rotational motion of a vertical milling machining centre. After the introduction, in the second chapter, CNC achining centres, their classification, main features and some possible implementations are presented. The third chapter discusses the most common designs of numerical controlled machining centres main driving mechanisms. The fourth chapter contains guidelines for the design of the main spindle and other associated parts of the machines main driving mechanism. The central part of this thesis, the fifth chapter, is the calculation, from input parameters, tool selection and processing modes, through drive motor selection, belt drive calculation, main spindle dimensioning, main spindle bearings definition to main spindle control, tool holder and tool clamping system selection. The sixth chapter contains a calculation flow diagram of the main driving mechanism. Thereafter is the conclusion.

U završnom radu će biti prikazana kratka povijest i kako su se od numerički upravljanih strojeva razvili obradni centri koji posjeduju modul za automatsku izmjenu reznog alata. Takvom automatizacijom alatnog stroja se smanjuju pomoćna vremena odnosno, povećava se produktivnost i iskoristivost alatnog stroja. Smanjuju se proizvodni troškovi jer se automatskom izmjenom alata smanjuje pomoćno vrijeme i cjelokupna se obrada može izvršiti na jednom stroju. Također će se u radu dati pregled načina automatske izmjene reznog alata na suvremenim obradnim centrima i komponente od kojih se sustav sastoji kao što su magazini alata, manipulator, držači alata. Razvojem različitih sustava magazina alata, broj alata za izmjenu je porastao od početnih nekoliko komada do čak 200 alata. U završnom dijelu rada, u programu SOLIDWORKS 2016 x64, osmišljena su i projektirana kolica za odlaganje reznog alata za numerički upravljanu glodalicu, instaliranu u Laboratoriju za alatne strojeve. Izrađena je sklopna i radionička dokumentacija za izradu nestandardnih dijelova. This bachelor thesis delas with history and how numerically controlled machines are developed by machining centers that have a module for automatic tool change. With this automation of the machine, the auxiliary time is reduced, that is, the productivity and usability of the machine is increased. Manufacturing costs are reduced as automatic tool change reduces the non-productive time and the entire processing can be done on one machine. It will also provide an overview of the automatic tool change modification on modern machining centers and components, such as tool magazines, manipulators and tool holders. With the develompent of vrious magazine systems, the number od possible tool change has increased from the initial few pieces to as many as 200 tools. In the final part of the work, in the SOLIDWORKS 2016x64 program, a trolley for cutting tool has been designed for a numerically controlled milling machine installed in the Laboratory of machine tools. Assembly and part documentation for non standard parts has been developd.

Cilj ovog rada bio je osmisliti i projektirati okretno-nagibni stol kako bi se trenutno troosna glodalica ADRISS, koja je projektirana, izrađena i instalirana u Laboratoriju za alatne strojeve na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje, mogla nadograditi u petoosnu. U prvom dijelu rada opisan je koncept petoosne obrade sa svim bitnim značajkama nakon čega su ukratko opisane metode programiranja CNC strojeva. Potom su detaljno prikazane različite izvedbe i rješenja suvremenih okretno-nagibnih stolova raznih industrijskih proizvođača. U završnom poglavlju prikazana je konstrukcijska razrada okretno-nagibnog stola po bitnim segmentima. U programskom paketu CATIA V5R21 izmodeliran je cijeli sklop okretno-nagibnog stola te izrađena cjelokupna tehnička dokumentacija (sklopna i radionička) potrebna za njegovu izradu. The aim of this paper was to design rotary-tilting table in order to make possible for the current 3-Axis milling machine ADRISS, which is designed, made and installed in the Laboratory for machine tools at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, to be upgraded into 5-Axis milling machine. The first part of the paper brings the description of the concept pertaining to 5-Axis machining, which is followed by a short description of the CNC machines programming. The next part deals with detailed presentations of different designs and solutions which refer to contemporary rotary-tilting tables from various industrial manufacturers. The final chapter presents the essential segments of the rotary-tilting table constructional development. Through CATIA V5R21 software the entire model of rotary-tiliting table was created, and the complete technical documentation (assembly and workshop documentation) needed for its construction was made.

U diplomskom radu su prikazana neka literaturna rješenja automatske izmjene reznog alata na suvremenim obradnim sustavima. Takvom automatizacijom alatnog stroja moguće je povećati proizvodnost i kvalitetu izrade, te smanjiti proizvodne troškove, jer je pomoćno vrijeme izmjene alata svedeno na minimum. Cjelokupni sustav za automatsku izmjenu alata je postavljen unutar glodalice ADRISS u prostor gdje nema opasnosti od kolizije s glavnim vretenom. Sustav se sastoji od magazina alata, pneumatskih cilindara, stezaljki za držače alata, štitnika protiv odvojenih čestica te ostalih neophodnih konstrukcijskih dijelova. Nabrojani dijelovi stvaraju kompaktnu cjelinu koja se odlikuje velikom jednostavnošću, te omogućuje optimalan rad budućeg glodaćeg obradnog centra. Nadalje, u CAD programu CATIA V5 R21 je projektiran, ovako osmišljen, cjelokupni sustav za automatsku izmjenu alata za glodalicu ADRISS, te je izrađena sklopna i radionička dokumentacija za izradu nestandardnih dijelova. A graduate thesis presents some literary solutions of automatic tool change of cutting tool on modern machining systems. With this type of machine automation, it is possible to increase the productivity and quality of production, and reduce production costs, because non-productive time is reduced to a minimum. A complete automatic tool change system is placed inside the milling machine called ADRISS, in a space where is no risk of collision with the spindle. The system consists of tool magazine, pneumatic cylinders, clamps for tool holders, shields against chips and other necessary constructional parts. The specified parts create a compact unit that is distinguished by its great simplicity, and it provides the optimum work of the future milling machining center. Furthermore, in the CAD program CATIA V5 R21, a complete automatic tool change system for ADRISS milling machine has been designed, and assembly and part documentation for non-standard parts has been developed.

Obrada odvajanjem čestica je jedna od najvažnijih proizvodnih tehnologija u modernoj industriji. Većina metalnih dijelova raznih strojeva, aparata i konstrukcija dobiva svoj konačni oblik, tražene dimenzije i odgovarajuću kvalitetu obrađene površine pomoću te tehnologije. U uvodnom dijelu rada dane su kratke podjele kod obrade odvajanjem čestica (postupci, gibanja, alati). Zatim je spomenut nastanak štetne topline koja se pojavljuje zbog trenja između alata i obratka, a to je uzrok plastične deformacije i ubrzane istrošenosti alata i samim time gubi se na kvaliteti obrađene površine. Iz tog razloga se kod postupaka obrade odvajanjem čestica koristi rashladno sredstvo. Njegova zadaća nije samo hlađenje, već se pod tim pojmom zapravo podrazumijeva sredstvo za hlađenje, ispiranje i podmazivanje ( SHIP). U radu su iz dostupne literature opisane različite vrste i načini dovođenja rashladnih sredstava u zonu rezanja kod postupaka obrade odvajanjem čestica. Posebni osvrt u radu posvećen je suhoj obradi, obradi s minimalnom primjenom sredstva za hlađenje, ispiranje i podmazivanje te kriogenoj obradi. To su nove vrste hlađenja koje čine temelj suvremenog održivog razvoja i cilj im je postizanje visokih performansi u obradi odvajanjem čestica uz povećanje sigurnosti i smanjenje troškova kao i uklanjanje negativnog utjecaja rashladnog sredstva na ljude i okoliš

Hibridni alatni strojevi su numerički alatni strojevi koji imaju mogućnost da se na jednom mjestu ostvaruju i aditivne tehnologije i tehnologije obrade odvajanjem čestica. Jedna od namjena im je popravak visoko vrijednih oštećenih ili istrošenih čeličnih industrijskih dijelova, te se također koriste pri izradi kompletnih dijelova do završnih dimenzija, sve na jednom stroju. Aditivnom tehnologijom, pomoću laserskog oblaganja bi se nadomjestio oštećeni ili istrošeni dio tog skupog dijela, a zatim bi se tehnologijom obrade odvajanjem čestica taj dio obradio i tako bi mu se vratila funkcionalnost. Za kompletnu izradu dijela, laserskim oblaganjem se prvotno izradi početni željeni oblik dijela po principu doziranja materijala sloj po sloj, te odmah nakon toga taj isti obradak, određenom obradom odvajanjem čestica, obradi do zahtjevane točnosti i kvalitete površine. U ovom radu je naveden literaturni pregled dostupnih izvedbi hibridnih alatnih strojeva, opisan je njihov rad i namjena, te su date osnovne karakteristike tih suvremenih obradnih sustava. Hybrid machine tools present numerical control machine tools that are capable of performing both of additive technology and machining in one place. One of their purpose is repair of high-value damaged or worn parts of steel in one machine tool, and also, it is used for production of complete parts. With additive technology, by laser deposition welding would be replaced damaged or worn area of that expensive part, and then with conventional machining generate to its final shape and give back its funcionality. In order to produce complete part, by laser deposition welding would be built near-net shape component, and then by machining technology generate that same workpiece to the final dimension and surface quality. In this paper it is given a literature review of various hybrid machine tools, described theirs working principles and purpose of use, and are given a basic features that kind of modern machining systems.

Postoje brojni postupci izrade dubokih provrta u današnjem metaloprerađivačkom svijetu. Svrdla koja se koriste svakodnevno, bilo kao obična spiralna svrdla ili kao svrdla za duboko bušenje, potrebno je unapređivati. Bušenje, kao jedno od najzastupljenijih postupaka obrade odvajanjem čestica u proizvodnoj industriji, postaje sve kompliciranije s povećanjem dubine bušenja. Uz postupke dubokog bušenja, prvenstveno onih koji se koriste pri izradi dubokih provrta u kalupu za izradu staklenih boca, u ovom je radu prikazan i kratak pregled osnovnih značajki bušenja kao postupka obrade odvajanjem čestica, također geometrijskih parametara alata za bušenje te hlađenja i podmazivanja tijekom postupka bušenja. There are numerous deep holes produced in today´s metalworking industries. Drilling tools predominantly used nowadays, such as usually twist drill or gun drill, need to improve. Drilling, which are used for one of the most common machining operation in manufacturing industry, becomes more and more difficult with increasing drilling depth. With operation of deep drilling, primarily those used in the deep holes in the mould for making glass bottles, in this final work is shown short review of base features for drilling as machining operation of separating chips, also geometric parameters of drilling tools and cooling and lubrication during the drilling.

The Learning Factory concept presents simulation of a real factory environment through specialized equipment. Mission is to integrate needed knowledge into the engineering curriculum by using of didactic games and production lines which presents simplified real processes from industry. In this paper, design optimization of low cost and low quality equipment for Learning Factory is presented. Using guidelines for Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), four different designs of chassis for assembly line feeder are evaluated using PROMETHEE method. For steel chassis, total weight and costs of parts for given load has to be minimized in order to minimize total costs. On the other hand easiness of machining and assembly is also taken in consideration. Subsequent consideration used redesigns of selected design according Taguchi design of experiments. According Finite Element Analysis (FEM) results for estimated loads, the lightest chassis is selected in compromise to minimization of maximal deformation.

Zadatak ovog Završnog rada je dizajniranje i obrada drške ručne bušilice. Dršku je prvo potrebno dizajnirati u CAD sustavu te potom postaviti sve potrebne parametre obrade u CAM sustavu. Da bi se pravilno postavili parametri obrade glodanja za ovaj izradak, bitno je poznavati osnove rada računalnih programa i princip rada obradnih strojeva. CAD/CAM programski paketi smanjuju vrijeme konstruiranja proizvoda, izrade crteža te je brža i jednostavnija izrada NC programa za složene geometrije proizvoda. Video simulacijom se mogu detektirati kolizije alata i obratka pa se može ukazati na problem prije nego li se NC program unese u stroj. U praktičnom dijelu rada objašnjeno je na koji način su definirane operacije obrade te je prikazano kako obradak izgleda nakon svakog stezanja. Također, provedena je analiza obrađenih površina kako bi se utvrdilo jesu li obrađene površine u granicama tolerancije. Nadalje, prikazan je pregled alata korištenih u obradi te režimi obrade za pojedini alat. Kao dodatak, dio obrade drške ručne bušilice izradio se na CNC glodalici. The task of this final work is to design and machine handle for hand drill. The handle first needs to be designed in CAD system and then it is necessary to set up all the machining parameters in the CAM system. To properly set the parameters of the milling process to produce this workpiece, it is important to know the basics of computer programs and working principle of machine tools. CAD/CAM software packages reduce the time of construction products, drawing production and it is faster and easier to create NC programs for complex geometry. Video simulation can detect the collision of the tool and the workpiece and indicate a problem before the NC program is entered into the machine. In the practical part of this paper, it is explained how the operations are defined and it is shown how workpiece looks after each contraction. Also, an analysis of processed surfaces is made to determine whether they are within the tolerance limits. Furthermore, it is shown a review of tools used in machining operations and machining regimes for each tool. In addition, one part of the machining is made on the CNC milling machine.

The aim of project Innovative Smart Enterprise is to understand how manufacturing enterprises in Croatia acquire new manufacturing technologies, integrate ICT within processes, implement new organizational concepts in production such as group work or relocation of production, develop new products that emerge from process and organizational innovation such as production related services, and how they implement all other demands related to Industry 4.0. A synthesis of analysis of Croatian manufacturing enterprises is made through the development of Croatian model of Innovative Smart Enterprise (HR-ISE model). The paper presents HR-ISE model, which is based not just on State-of the-art theoretical models but also on State-of-theart practical models like Lean Management philosophy from Toyota Production System.

U radu je prikazana analiza vremena strojne obrade prirubnica u tvrtki Končar – MK sa svrhom izrade podloga za automatizaciju normiranja vremena proizvodnje koje bi se mogle implementirati u proizvodno-poslovni informacijski sustav tvrtke. Odabran je reprezentativni standardni proizvod iz grupe sličnih dijelova koji se učestalo ponavljaju u proizvodnji, te načinjen CAD/CAM program za 15 varijanti tog proizvoda prema režimima koji se upotrebljavaju u proizvodnji tvrtke. Varijante proizvoda razlikuju se u dimenzijama i značajkama kao što su utor, broj i veličina provrta i sl. Snimana je obrada prirubnica na CNC obradnim centrima i klasičnim tokarskim strojevima te je načinjena usporedba s proračunatim vremenima dobivenim iz simulacije obrade u programu CATIA. Definirani su korektivni faktori koji bi se upotrebljavali prilikom automatiziranog određivanja normi za ove proizvode. The thesis analyses the flange machining time at the company Končar – MK, with the purpose of making a base for the automation of standardisation of manufacturing time that could be implemented in the company’s business process management software. A representative standard product was selected from a group of similar parts frequently recurring in production, and a CAD/CAM program was developed for 15 variations of this product, applying the machining regimes used in the company’s production. Product variants differ in dimensions and features such as groove, holes, etc. The flange manufacturing on CNC machining centres and classical lathe machines was monitored and a comparison was made with the calculated times obtained from the simulation of the manufacturing in the CATIA program. Corrective factors were defined that would be used in automated standardisation of these products.

U današnje vrijeme, gotovo da i ne postoji proizvodnja u kojoj se na izradcima ne primjenjuju barem neke operacije obrade provrta. Prilikom izrade provrta najčešće odabrani rezni alat je svrdlo, koje se prilikom upotrebe troši. Kako bi takvo svrdlo ponovno imalo jednaku funkcionalnost kao i prilikom prve upotrebe, potrebno ga je pravilno naoštriti. Zato je upravo tema ovog diplomskog rada projektiranje naprave za oštrenje svrdala. Kod obrade provrta se koriste različite operacije, počevši redom od najčešće prve operacije, zabušivanja, pa sve do operacija dubokog bušenja. Sve operacije su zajedno s odgovarajućim reznim alatom prikazane i objašnjene u drugom poglavlju ovog rada. U trećem poglavlju su prikazane karakteristike obrade provrta, kao što su vrste alata za bušenje provrta, parametri obrade pri izradi provrta i trošenje reznog alata. Glavna tema ovog diplomskog rada obrađena je u četvrtom poglavlju, gdje je prikazana projektirana naprava za oštrenje svrdala u CAD programu. Dane su njezine karakteristike, te je izrađena sklopna i radionička dokumentacija za izradu naprave. Jednako koliko je važna sama funkcionalnost naprave, važno je pravilno i stručno rukovanje, kako ne bi došlo do ozljeđivanja radnika, a to je objašnjeno u petom poglavlju. Na temelju gore iznesenih poglavlja, na kraju rada je izveden zaključak o mogućnostima same naprave za oštrenje svrdala te njezine primjene u proizvodnji. Today, almost every manufacturing process of CNC machined parts contains at least some of the drilling operations. Most common tool for drilling is head drill, which wears during exploitation. To maintain functionality like the first time it is used, it is recommended to sharpen it properly. That is why the subject of this master’s thesis is the designing process of head drill sharpening fixture. Many of machining operations are used during drilling, starting from usually first operation, that is center drilling, all the way to the operations of deep hole drilling. Every of this operation and tools needed to perform them are explained in second chapter of this thesis. In third chapter are explained characteristics of hole processing, to be more specific, types of tools for drilling, machining parameters for drilling and tool wear. Main subject of this thesis is explained in chapter four, where it is given CAD presentation of head drill sharpening fixture. There have been explained technical characteristics of fixture and its assembly and manufacturing documentation. Just like the functionality of the fixture, it is important to be operated and handled properly to prevent workers injuries. More on this subject will be explained in chapter five. Based on all previous chapters, on the end of this thesis it is given a conclusion on possibilities and usability of head drill sharpening fixture and its application in manufacturing.

Statistics estimates that in the today world 28 million people are depending on technical aids in the movement. It is estimated that each 250th person need wheelchair. The most of these people are still able and want to work, rather than be a burden to the community. However, our world is built for us, "normal" people, who think they will forever be able to move it. The report for the Republic of Croatia states that the Croatia is home to nearly 150.000 people with damage of the musculoskeletal system, and many of them for their movement need technical aids. Every year the number of people with paraplegia and quadriplegia increase by about 100. Wheelchair for move around the flat ground is technically simply to solve. However, our world is full of obstacles that are insuperable for standard wheelchair, and perhaps the most serious obstacles are stairs. In the year 2010, Croatian company KOPACK, which is primarily engaged in the production of packaging machinery, started the development of motorized wheelchair with the possibility of overcoming the stairs (climb/descend). A key element in the system of climbing and innovative difference from other solutions is so called the climber. The cooperation on the project with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Zagreb starts at the beginning of the 2011. KOPACK concentrated his work on the mechanical part of the structure, and the Faculty on the control part of the problem. So far initial model was successfully tested. Further work is on the development of more advanced versions.

Vijčano-ekscentrične pumpe imaju široko područje primjene u industriji zbog svoje jednostavne konstrukcije i zbog mogućnosti transportiranja medija različite viskoznosti. Isto tako, zbog modularne gradnje pojednostavljeno je održavanje takvih pumpi. Jedini ograničavajući faktor primjene ovakvih pumpi predstavlja temperatura transportiranog medija. U ovom završnom radu opisana je osnovna podjela pumpi, navedena su područja njihove primjene u industriji te su dane njihove karakteristike i neke od učestalih pojava kod rada pumpi. Osim toga, objašnjen je osnovni princip rada vijčano-ekscentričnih pumpi te je dana podjela vijčanih pumpi. Detaljnije je opisana konstrukcija jednovijčane ekscentrične pumpe, gdje je posebna pozornost pridana kardanskom vratilu i rotoru vijčano-ekscentrične pumpe. U praktičnom dijelu ovog završnog rada prikazan je tehnološki postupak izrade rotora vijčano-ekscentrične pumpe na klasičnim alatnim strojevima. U tom dijelu su navedeni svi potrebni postupci obrade te pripadajući alati i potrebni alatni strojevi. Progressive cavity pumps have a wide range of application in industry because of its simple construction and ability to transport media with different kind of viscosity. Also, because of their modular construction, the maintenance of these kind of pumps is simplified. The only limiting factor of application for this kind of pumps is represented by the temperature of transported media. In this bachelor thesis there is described the basic division of pumps, there is specified the application areas of pumps in industry and there are also given some of their characteristic and also some of frequently processes that are likely in operation of these pumps. Furthermore, it is explained the basic work principle of progressive cavity pumps and there is also given division of screw pumps. More detailed is described the construction of one-screw progressive cavity pump, where a special attention is given to cardan shaft and rotor of progressive cavity pump. In the practical part of this bachelor thesis is shown the technological process of production a rotor for the progressive cavity pump made on classical tool machines. In that part there are listed all necessary processing procedures and belonging tools and tools machines.

U ovom radu je teorijski obrađena tema primjene CNC tehnologije u projektiranju kalupa za izradu središnjeg dijela boce. Potrebno je projektirati kalup tako da se tim kalupom mogu izraditi boce volumena jedne litre. Sastavni dijelovi kalupa, poput dna kalupa, grla kalupa te ostalih dijelova su preuzeti već od postojećih kalupa za boce. Sam središnji dio kalupa je projektiran tako da na boci bude jasno vidljiv znak Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje, natpis Sveučilište u Zagrebu, te skraćenica KAS, kao skraćenica za Katedru za alatne strojeve. Početna točka bila je izrada modela boce, zatim kalupa te na kraju generiranja NC koda. Dizajniranje i generiranje NC koda je provedeno u CAD/CAM programu CATIA. In this paper is presented application of the CNC technology in making the central part of mould for the glass bottle. The mould was designed for the making of the 1 liter glass bottles. Other components of the mould, like bottom and neck were took from already existing moulds for the glass bottles. Mould was designed so that on the glass bottle are visible sign of the Faculty of the Mechanical Engineering and Naval Arhitecture, inscription "Sveučilište u Zagreb" and abbreviation "KAS" which represents Katedra za Alatne strojeve. Starting point of this work was creating model of glass bottle, following with mould model and at the end generating NC code for the machine. Designing of the model and generating NC code was conducted in CAD/CAM software CATIA.

U ovom radu razrađena je tehnologija izrade dijelova transportnog modula koji služi za transport proizvoda u prehrambenoj industriji. U radu su navedeni uvjeti, propisani od strane Europske grupe higijenskog inženjerstva i dizajna, koje dijelovi transportnog modula moraju zadovoljavati kako bi uopće mogli obavljati funkciju u prehrambenoj industriji. Dan je kratki opis tehnoloških operacija koje su potrebne za izradu dijelova transportnog modula. Nadalje, navedeni su strojevi pomoću kojih je moguće izraditi te dijelove, odabrani su suvremeni rezni alati kojima se smanjuje vrijeme obrade, a povećava kvaliteta izrade dijelova transportnog modula. Na temelju odabranih alatnih strojeva i reznih alata projektiran je tehnološki postupak izrade za okretni usmjerivač transportnog modula, sa svim parametrima obrade. Kako je okretni usmjerivač transportnog modula u osnovi savijena i zavarena konstrukcija većih dimenzija, na nju se zavaruju i montiraju ostali dijelovi čime ona postaje funkcionalna cjelina. Zbog svoje veličine i strogih tolerancija javlja se problem kod stezanja okretnog usmjerivača transportnog modula na stol stroja. Da bi se zadovoljile stroge tolerancije konačnih dimenzija razrađeni su i prikazani načini stezanja pomoću standardnih steznih elemenata , te na mjestima gdje nije moguće koristiti standardne stezne elemente, izrađena je specijalna stezna naprava. This paper elaborated the technology of parts of the transport module that is used for transportation of products in the food industry. The paper lists the conditions, laid down by the European groups of hygienic engineering and design, which parts of the transport module must meet in order to even be able to perform the function in the food industry. There is a short description of technological operations that are required for parts of the transport module being made. Furthermore, the machinery by which it is possible to make these parts are listed, modern cutting tools are selected to reduce processing time and increase the quality of production of parts of a transport module. Based on selected machines and cutting tools, technological process of making the rotating router of transport module is designed, with all processing parameters. As the rotating router of transport module is essentially bent and welded construction of larger dimensions, other components are welded and assembled on it making it a functional unit. Because of its size and strict tolerances, there is a problem when holding the rotating router of transport module on the machine table. In order to meet the strict tolerances of the final dimensions, there were developed and shown ways of tightening using standard clamping elements, and on places where it is not possible to use standard clamping elements, a special clamping device is prepared.

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je prilagodba robota za glodaći ispitni postav, tj. potrebno je prema robotu ABB IRB 6400 koji se nalazi u Laboratoriju za alatne strojeve, Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje u Zagrebu konstruirati prijenosno postolje te prihvatnicu za motorvreteno koje će se montirati na ruku robota. U prvom, uvodnom dijelu prikazat će se što je ustvari robotika i koji je njezin značaj u suvremenom svijetu i proizvodnji. Nadalje opisat će se povijest i razvoj robotike te pojava prvog industrijskog robota u 20. st. Treće poglavlje pojašnjava podjelu robota na više načina: prema vrsti pogona, geometriji radnog prostora i načinu upravljanja gibanjem. Četvrto poglavlje opisuje primjenu robota u industriji, dok peto poglavlje opisuje ABB robote, njihovu povijest i primjenu. U šestom poglavlju prikazana je izrada postolja te potreban proračun sila i naprezanja. Sedmo poglavlje donosi opis motorvretena te izradu prihvatnice za motorvreteno u svrhu prilagodbe robota za glodaći ispitni postav. Potrebna dokumentacija za izradu prijenosnog postolja izrađena je u programu ''CATIA'' i ''AutoCAD'' The theme of this diploma work is an adaptation of robots for milling testbed, ie. it is necessary on the basis of the robot ABB IRB 6400 located at the Laboratory for Machine Tools, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb, to construct a mobile stand and a catch for spindle motor which will be mounted on the robot arm. In first section it will be shown what robotics actually is and its significance in the modern world and production. Furthermore, the history and development of robotics and the emergence of the first industrial robot in the 20th century will be described. The third section discusses the division of robots in several ways: by type of the drive system, the geometry of the work area and the method of motion control. The fourth chapter describes the application of robots in industry, while the fifth chapter describes the ABB robots, their history and use. The sixth chapter shows the development of the stand and the required calculation of the forces and stresses. The seventh chapter provides a description of spindle motor and the making of the catch for spindle motor for robot adaptation for milling testbed.

U današnje vrijeme, s porastom upotrebe visokih tehnologija u svim aspektima ljudskog života, sve je učestalije korištenje raznih aparata koji se koriste za direktnu ili indirektnu prodaju proizvoda. Govoreći o proizvodima, oni mogu biti u fizičkom obliku kao proizvodi za svakodnevnu primjenu ili vrsta usluge koje korisnik može dobiti kroz uređaj i njegove funkcije. Samoposlužni aparati dio su multi-biljunske industrije dolara. Dizajnirani su novi aparati koji prodaju luksuzne proizvode i elektronike, te se razvijaju veliki aparati koji bi se koristili za samoposluživanje ili maloprodaju. Aparati su prošli kroz značajne promjene i inovacije. Mnogi samoposlužni aparati razvijaju prihvaćanje kreditnih kartica, a tvrtke su sada u mogućnosti pratiti stanje nekog aparata iz daljine. U diplomskom radu opisan je samoposlužni uređaj koji služi za direktnu prodaju proizvoda u fizičkom obliku, odnosno žvakaćih guma, kroz koji korisnik, plaćajući na samom uređaju, može dobiti željeni proizvod po uplati, bez uplitanja ljudske osobe koja bi, kao što je uobičajeno, izvršila kupoprodaju. Za samoposlužni aparat za žvakače gume bilo je potrebno istražiti zahtjeve tržišta te način rada samoposlužnih uređaja. Projektiran je i konstruiran mehanički dio uređaja, te su odabrane elektroničke komponente kojima se ostvaruje funkcija samoposlužnog aparata. Određena je cijena i primjena uređaja, te je izrađena potrebna dokumentacija za njegovu izradu. Nowadays, with increased use of technology in all aspects of human life, all the more frequent is the use of various devices for direct or indirect sale of a product. In regards to the products, they can be in physical forms such as products for everyday use or the type of services that the user can get through the device and its functions. Vending machines are part of a multi-billion dollar industry. Machines are designed to sell everything from luxury goods and electronics, with larger devices developing that could be used for self-service or retail purposes. Devices have undergone significant changes and innovation. Many developing vending machines are accepting credit cards and companies are now This thesis describes vending machines that are used for direct sale of products in physical form, i.e. chewing gum. The user, by paying on the device itself, can get the desired product directly after payment without the interference of a human throughout the transaction. For a vending machine dispensing chewing gum it was necessary to explore the market requirements and demands, as was the operation of the actual vending devices. The mechanical components were projected and constructed, as was the selection of the electrical parts that provided the functions of the self-service machine. The cost and application of the device were also determined and the necessary documention for its development was also devised.

Čovjek je drvo koristio od svog postanka, a i danas je jedan od najšire upotrebljavanih prirodnih materijala. Industrijskim razvojem drvna industrija često je glavni oslonac izvoza i time izvor prihoda za privredni razvitak. U današnjem modernom svijetu sve je učestalija potreba za bržom i preciznijom izradom drvenih gravura i reljefa. Postojeći strojevi na tržištu za takve obrade imaju dosta veliku cijenu. Obzirom da ovdje nisu prisutni pretjerani zahtjevi za točnošću, ideja je da se od postojećih gotovih kupovnih modula konstruira alatni stroj koji udovoljava zahtjevima, a nije pretjerano skup. U prvom dijelu rada prikazan je literaturni pregled postojećih strojeva za obradu drva. U drugom dijelu rada prikazan je primjer proračuna i odabira konstrukcijskih i energetskih dijelova stroja te je predloženo idejno rješenje konstrukcije CNC glodalice za obradu drva. Model konstrukcije stroja izrađen je u softverskom paketu CATIA, a na kraju je prikazan izračun cijene predloženog konstrukcijskog rješenja. The wood was one of the first materials man used, and even today it's one of the most commonly used natural materials. Industrial development of the timber is often the mainstay of exports, and thus a source of revenue for economic development. In today's modern world there is a common need for faster and more precise production of wood engraving and relief. The existing machines in the market for such processing have quite a high price. Since here are not present excessive demands for accuracy, the idea is to construct from existing modules a CNC machine for wood engraving that meets the requirements, and not overly expensive. In the first part of this work is a literature review of existing wood processing machinery. The second part presents the example of the calculation and selection of construction and energy components of the machine and the proposed conceptual design construction of CNC router. The structural model of the machine is made in the software packag CATIA, and finally calculation of the proposed construction is proposed.

U diplomskom radu se konstruira, opisuje izrada i ispitivanje steznog alat, koji služi za vanjsko stezanje prstenastih obradaka na amerikaneru. Osnovni cilj steznog alata je realizacija proizvodne operacije koja se dobiva ispravnim pozicioniranjem obrađivanog predmeta, čime se smanjuje pojavljivanje grešaka obrađivanog materijala, tj. „škarta“. Potreba za konstruiranjem novog steznog alata proizašla je iz razloga, što se stezanjem obradaka starim steznim alatom vrlo često dobila deformacija obradaka. Novim načinom stezanja obradaka bi se povećavala produktivnost alatnih strojeva ali i sigurnost obrade. U radu je razmatran novi stezni alat za prstenaste obradke od njegovog konstruiranja pomoću računalnog programa AutoCAD, do same izrade, te ispitivanja ispravnosti steznog alata na alatnom stroju. In the graduate work is constructed, and described the development and testing of the clamping tool, which is used for external clamping of workpiece rings on jaw chuck. The main objective of the clamping tools is the realization of production operations which is obtained in the correct positioning of the processed workpieces, thus reducing the appearance of defective workpieces.The need for constructing new clamping tools is derived from reason, which is clamping workpieces with old clamping tools gives often distorted workpiece. A new way of clamping the workpiece is increased productivity of machine tools and will be increased security of process. In the graduate work is presented a new clamping tool for circular workpieces and its designing by a computer program AutoCAD, to the process of making and testing the correctness of the clamping tools on machine tools.

Alate za obradu provrta kao jedne od najzastupljenijih operacija obrade odvajanjem čestica u proizvodnoj industriji potrebno je unapređivati. Svi svjetski proizvođači alata za obradu provrta rade na tome da se smanji vrijeme obrade, poveća kvaliteta obrađene površine, a samim time i poveća sveukupna produktivnost. Suvremeni rezni alati za obradu provrta prate taj trend tako da danas na tržištu postoji jako veliki broj alata raznih proizvođača za operacije obrade provrta. Hole making tools are used for one of the most common machining operations in manufacturing industry and they are improved constantly. All cutting tools manufactures in the world improve hole making tools in that way so the cutting time is reduced and surface finish is improved, what leads to improved overall productivity. The modern cutting tools for hole making follow this trend, so today there is a large number of tools from various cutting tools manufacturers on the market.

Navoj je geometrijsko tijelo koje ima široku primjenu u svim granama strojogradnje, ali i svakodnevnom životu. Najčešća vrsta spojeva su vijčani spojevi čiji osnovni elementi, vijak i matica, upravo preko navoja ostvaruju potrebnu vezu. Vijčani spojevi imaju više uloga, kao što je spajanje dijelova, pretvaranje rotacijskog gibanja u translacijsko, podešavanje ili brtvljenje. Navoj ima svoje osnovne karakteristike kao što su promjer, korak, profil i vojnost. Postoji više vrsta navoja, a najčešći je metrički navoj s teorijskim profilom jednako straničnog trokuta. Navoj je moguće izraditi na više načina; glodanjem, urezivanjem, narezivanjem, deformiranjem, brušenjem, a najčešći način izrade je tokarenje koje pokriva široki spektar navojnih profila. Svaki način izrade ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke, tako da se način izrade odabire prema potrebama površine navoja, veličini serije te dostupnim alatnim strojevima i reznim alatima. Prilikom svake obrade moguća je pojava grešaka, koje je važno prepoznati te uz pomoć znanja i iskustva ukloniti u što kraćem vremenskom roku da se izbjegnu zastoji i pojava škarta. Thread is geometrical object which is widely used in every aspect of engineering and daily life. The most common type of joints are screw joints which basic elements, a screw and a bolt, are connected by thread. Screw joints have more functions such as joining parts, converting rotational into translational movement, adjusting and sealing. Thread has some characteristics such as a diameter, pitch, profile and number of starts of the thread. There are several types of thread, and the most common type is metrical thread with theoretical isosceles profile. The thread can be made in many ways; by milling, tapping, dieing, forming, grinding, but the most common way is turning which enables making many types of thread profiles. Every method has advantages and disadvantages, so the surface quality demands, number of parts and availability of machines and equipment determines the method that will be used. There is always a possibility of an error during thread making, which is important to recognize and fix as soon as possible by using knowledge and experience to avoid delays and incorrect parts.

U radu je prikazan proces konstruiranja 4-osne numerički upravljane glodalice za obradu polimernih pjena. Polimerne pjene su relativno jeftin i lako obradljiv materijal s dobrim mehaničkim svojstvima zbog čega se koriste za izradu raznih ortopedskih pomagala i medicinskih implantata. Na glodalici je predviđena obrada dijelova sličnih pojedinim dijelovima ljudskog dijela, npr. torzo. Za obradu takvih površina dovoljne su četiri numerički upravljane osi od kojih su tri translacijske i jedna rotacijska. Rotacijska os je ostvarena s okretnim stolom. Prvi korak u ovom radu je proračun osnovnih dijelova stroja, a to su kuglično navojno vreteno, pogonski servo motor, linearne vodilice i reduktor okretnog stola. Nakon toga je cijela glodalica modelirana u CAD programu „CATIA“. Da bi glodalica potpuno ispunila svoju funkciju, modelirani su i neki konstrukcijski dodaci kao što su šiljak, protuuteg, kutija za odvojenu česticu i zaštita za operatera. Potrebna dokumentacija za izradu stroja izrađena je u programu „AutoCAD“. In this thesis a designing process of an 4-axis CNC milling machine for machining of polymeric foams is shown. Polymeric foams are relatively inexpensive material with high machinability and good mechanical properties. Because of this propertis they are used for making various orthopedic devices and medical implants. The milling machine is designed for milling parts identical to certain parts of human body, such as torso. For milling such surfaces four numerically controlled axes are sufficient, three translational and one rotational. The rotational axis is achieved by the rotary table. The first step in this thesis is the calculation of the basic parts of the machine, such as ballscrew, servo motor drive, linear guideway and gearbox rotary table. After that, the entire milling machine is modeled in CAD software "CATIA". To achieve the complete function of the milling machine, some constructional extras such as spike, a counterweight, a box for a separate particle and protection for the operater were modeled. The necessary documentation for making the milling machine is made in the „AutoCAD“ software.

The research within project Innovative Smart Enterprise wants to improve the scientific understanding of the current state of Croatian manufacturing industry by promoting empirical, enterprise-level research on technological and non-technological processes and organizational innovation. The aim is to understand how manufacturing enterprise in Croatia acquire new manufacturing technologies, ICT integration within processes, new organizational concepts in production such as group work or relocation of production, new products that emerge from process and organizational innovation such as production-related services, and other demands related to Industry 4.0. Research has been made using Web questionnaires and interviews with CEOs and/or technical directors of manufacturing enterprises in Croatia. The aim was to gather the data from large number of enterprises. The questionnaires consisted of questions which completely describe one enterprise. Analysis and conclusions on the current state of Croatian manufacturing industry are based on the responses of 159 enterprises from Croatia.

An increase in the production of micro-components causes a need for the development of appropriate manufacturing techniques, one of which is deep-micro-hole-drilling. This paper presents the development of an adaptive machining system for deep micro hole drilling whereby adaptive control is recognized through thrust force. The drilling of 0, 5 mm diameter holes in special cast irons with up to 40:1 depth to diameter ratio is performed. Due to the problems related with micro hole drilling in respect to conventional drilling and expressive heterogeneity of workpiece materials, it is shown that the use of an adaptive control can be of significant improvement for insurance of an adequate micro drilling process.

An alpha field is the field that can be described by two dimensionless field parameters α and α'. A quantum alpha field is the alpha field in which quantum effects can be occurred. In classical mechanics, a nanorobot has, at every moment, an exact position and an exact momentum, following the Newton’s laws of motion. In quantum mechanics, nanorobots do not have exactly determined properties and when they are measured, the result is randomly drawn from a probability distribution. The classical approaches to control of nanorobot motion in the multipotential field have been presented in the authors previous papers. In this paper we continue to investigate the related control algorithms for a nanorobot motion in a quantum alpha field. In that sense the nanorobot dynamics has been described by the Schrödinger equation in an alpha field that predicts what the probability distributions are. Meanwhile, it cannot fundamentally predict the exact result of each measurement. Thus, the problem is: how to control of a nanorobot motion in the case when quantum effects are occurred. Some approaches are discussed in this paper.

Final machining of 34CrMo4 steel with roller burnishing tools is shown in this paper. Roller burnishing process is clean and environmentally friendly machining process which can replace other finishing processes with pollution effects. Experimental tests on specimens prepared for final machining process estimates the rate of roughness decrease, and diameter increase. Roughness data measured before and after roller burnishing process have been compared. Roughness ratio (before/after process) and decrease factor for surface quality improvement can be up to 10. Presented smoothing process can be performed on standard machine tools without additional reconfiguration tasks. Process is very versatile for any workshop and can be conducted without coolant.

Within teaching classes in professional courses in the study of mechatronics and project of student enterprise-technology incubator at the Technical College in Bjelovar, we set a goal of improving conditions to upgrade teaching and to implement projects based on knowledge and new technologies for connecting with economy. The needs of the manufacturing - enterprise sector in Bjelovar, in the region, and even wider were taken into consideration.

In this paper, parallel Levenberg-Marquardt-based feed-forward neural network with variable weight decay, implemented on the Graphics Proce-ssing Unit, is suggested. Two levels of parallelism are implemented in the algorithm. One level of parallelism is achieved across the data set, due to inherently parallel structure of the feed-forward neural networks. Another level of parallelism is achieved in Jacobian computation. To avoid third level of parallelism, i.e. parallelization of optimi-zation search steps, and to keep the algorithm simple, variable decay rate is used. Parameters of variable decay rate rule allow for compromise between oscillations and higher accuracy on one side and stable but slower convergence on the other side. To improve training speed and efficiency modification of random weight initializa-tion is included. Testing of a parallel algorithm is performed on two real domain benchmark problems. Results, given in a form of a table with obtained speedups, show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm implementation.

Paper describes how CAD programs (CATIA V5) are used in production of the Gas Turbines components – Compressor Vane Carrier 2, in engineering, technology and manufacturing department. People from this departments share the same basic geometries and solids in the production process. It will be visible process from engineering to technology and final, manufactured components in production. Catia V is program for parametric design ; therefore, some changes made in engineering department can be very fast modified and prepared for further work in technology. The result of applying CAD (Catia V5) models is shorter processing time, reduction of clash in turbine assembly, cost reduction and shorter delivery time of the gas turbine components.