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1. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge: Glioma Segmentation on Post-treatment MRI

Author

de Verdier, Maria Correia, Saluja, Rachit, Gagnon, Louis, LaBella, Dominic, Baid, Ujjwall, Tahon, Nourel Hoda, Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha, Zhang, Jikai, Alafif, Maram, Baig, Saif, Chang, Ken, D'Anna, Gennaro, Deptula, Lisa, Gupta, Diviya, Haider, Muhammad Ammar, Hussain, Ali, Iv, Michael, Kontzialis, Marinos, Manning, Paul, Moodi, Farzan, Nunes, Teresa, Simon, Aaron, Sollmann, Nico, Vu, David, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Chai, Rongrong, Chung, Verena, Faghani, Shahriar, Farahani, Keyvan, Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Iglesias, Eugenio, Kofler, Florian, Li, Hongwei, Linguraru, Marius George, Menze, Bjoern, Moawad, Ahmed W., Velichko, Yury, Wiestler, Benedikt, Altes, Talissa, Basavasagar, Patil, Bendszus, Martin, Brugnara, Gianluca, Cho, Jaeyoung, Dhemesh, Yaseen, Fields, Brandon K. K., Garrett, Filip, Gass, Jaime, Hadjiiski, Lubomir, Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona, Hess, Christopher, Houk, Jessica L., Isufi, Edvin, Layfield, Lester J., Mastorakos, George, Mongan, John, Nedelec, Pierre, Nguyen, Uyen, Oliva, Sebastian, Pease, Matthew W., Rastogi, Aditya, Sinclair, Jason, Smith, Robert X., Sugrue, Leo P., Thacker, Jonathan, Vidic, Igor, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, White, Nathan S., Aboian, Mariam, Conte, Gian Marco, Dale, Anders, Sabuncu, Mert R., Seibert, Tyler M., Weinberg, Brent, Abayazeed, Aly, Huang, Raymond, Turk, Sevcan, Rauschecker, Andreas M., Farid, Nikdokht, Vollmuth, Philipp, Nada, Ayman, Bakas, Spyridon, Calabrese, Evan, and Rudie, Jeffrey D.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults and one of the deadliest types of cancer. There are many challenges in treatment and monitoring due to the genetic diversity and high intrinsic heterogeneity in appearance, shape, histology, and treatment response. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) playing a key role in treatment planning and post-treatment longitudinal assessment. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge on post-treatment glioma MRI will provide a community standard and benchmark for state-of-the-art automated segmentation models based on the largest expert-annotated post-treatment glioma MRI dataset. Challenge competitors will develop automated segmentation models to predict four distinct tumor sub-regions consisting of enhancing tissue (ET), surrounding non-enhancing T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity (SNFH), non-enhancing tumor core (NETC), and resection cavity (RC). Models will be evaluated on separate validation and test datasets using standardized performance metrics utilized across the BraTS 2024 cluster of challenges, including lesion-wise Dice Similarity Coefficient and Hausdorff Distance. Models developed during this challenge will advance the field of automated MRI segmentation and contribute to their integration into clinical practice, ultimately enhancing patient care., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2024

2. The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI

Author

Moawad, Ahmed W., Janas, Anastasia, Baid, Ujjwal, Ramakrishnan, Divya, Saluja, Rachit, Ashraf, Nader, Jekel, Leon, Amiruddin, Raisa, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Aneja, Sanjay, Anwar, Syed Muhammad, Bergquist, Timothy, Calabrese, Evan, Chiang, Veronica, Chung, Verena, Conte, Gian Marco Marco, Dako, Farouk, Eddy, James, Ezhov, Ivan, Familiar, Ariana, Farahani, Keyvan, Iglesias, Juan Eugenio, Jiang, Zhifan, Johanson, Elaine, Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Kofler, Florian, Krantchev, Kiril, LaBella, Dominic, Van Leemput, Koen, Li, Hongwei Bran, Linguraru, Marius George, Link, Katherine E., Liu, Xinyang, Maleki, Nazanin, Meier, Zeke, Menze, Bjoern H, Moy, Harrison, Osenberg, Klara, Piraud, Marie, Reitman, Zachary, Shinohara, Russel Takeshi, Tahon, Nourel hoda, Nada, Ayman, Velichko, Yuri S., Wang, Chunhao, Wiestler, Benedikt, Wiggins, Walter, Shafique, Umber, Willms, Klara, Avesta, Arman, Bousabarah, Khaled, Chakrabarty, Satrajit, Gennaro, Nicolo, Holler, Wolfgang, Kaur, Manpreet, LaMontagne, Pamela, Lin, MingDe, Lost, Jan, Marcus, Daniel S., Maresca, Ryan, Merkaj, Sarah, Nada, Ayaman, Pedersen, Gabriel Cassinelli, von Reppert, Marc, Sotiras, Aristeidis, Teytelboym, Oleg, Tillmans, Niklas, Westerhoff, Malte, Youssef, Ayda, Godfrey, Devon, Floyd, Scott, Rauschecker, Andreas, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, Pflüger, Irada, Cho, Jaeyoung, Bendszus, Martin, Brugnara, Gianluca, Cramer, Justin, Perez-Carillo, Gloria J. Guzman, Johnson, Derek R., Kam, Anthony, Kwan, Benjamin Yin Ming, Lai, Lillian, Lall, Neil U., Memon, Fatima, Patro, Satya Narayana, Petrovic, Bojan, So, Tiffany Y., Thompson, Gerard, Wu, Lei, Schrickel, E. Brooke, Bansal, Anu, Barkhof, Frederik, Besada, Cristina, Chu, Sammy, Druzgal, Jason, Dusoi, Alexandru, Farage, Luciano, Feltrin, Fabricio, Fong, Amy, Fung, Steve H., Gray, R. Ian, Ikuta, Ichiro, Iv, Michael, Postma, Alida A., Mahajan, Amit, Joyner, David, Krumpelman, Chase, Letourneau-Guillon, Laurent, Lincoln, Christie M., Maros, Mate E., Miller, Elka, Morón, Fanny, Nimchinsky, Esther A., Ozsarlak, Ozkan, Patel, Uresh, Rohatgi, Saurabh, Saha, Atin, Sayah, Anousheh, Schwartz, Eric D., Shih, Robert, Shiroishi, Mark S., Small, Juan E., Tanwar, Manoj, Valerie, Jewels, Weinberg, Brent D., White, Matthew L., Young, Robert, Zohrabian, Vahe M., Azizova, Aynur, Brüßeler, Melanie Maria Theresa, Fehringer, Pascal, Ghonim, Mohanad, Ghonim, Mohamed, Gkampenis, Athanasios, Okar, Abdullah, Pasquini, Luca, Sharifi, Yasaman, Singh, Gagandeep, Sollmann, Nico, Soumala, Theodora, Taherzadeh, Mahsa, Yordanov, Nikolay, Vollmuth, Philipp, Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha, Malhotra, Ajay, Abayazeed, Aly H., Dellepiane, Francesco, Lohmann, Philipp, Pérez-García, Víctor M., Elhalawani, Hesham, Al-Rubaiey, Sanaria, Armindo, Rui Duarte, Ashraf, Kholod, Asla, Moamen M., Badawy, Mohamed, Bisschop, Jeroen, Lomer, Nima Broomand, Bukatz, Jan, Chen, Jim, Cimflova, Petra, Corr, Felix, Crawley, Alexis, Deptula, Lisa, Elakhdar, Tasneem, Shawali, Islam H., Faghani, Shahriar, Frick, Alexandra, Gulati, Vaibhav, Haider, Muhammad Ammar, Hierro, Fátima, Dahl, Rasmus Holmboe, Jacobs, Sarah Maria, Hsieh, Kuang-chun Jim, Kandemirli, Sedat G., Kersting, Katharina, Kida, Laura, Kollia, Sofia, Koukoulithras, Ioannis, Li, Xiao, Abouelatta, Ahmed, Mansour, Aya, Maria-Zamfirescu, Ruxandra-Catrinel, Marsiglia, Marcela, Mateo-Camacho, Yohana Sarahi, McArthur, Mark, McDonnell, Olivia, McHugh, Maire, Moassefi, Mana, Morsi, Samah Mostafa, Muntenu, Alexander, Nandolia, Khanak K., Naqvi, Syed Raza, Nikanpour, Yalda, Alnoury, Mostafa, Nouh, Abdullah Mohamed Aly, Pappafava, Francesca, Patel, Markand D., Petrucci, Samantha, Rawie, Eric, Raymond, Scott, Roohani, Borna, Sabouhi, Sadeq, Sanchez-Garcia, Laura M., Shaked, Zoe, Suthar, Pokhraj P., Altes, Talissa, Isufi, Edvin, Dhermesh, Yaseen, Gass, Jaime, Thacker, Jonathan, Tarabishy, Abdul Rahman, Turner, Benjamin, Vacca, Sebastiano, Vilanilam, George K., Warren, Daniel, Weiss, David, Worede, Fikadu, Yousry, Sara, Lerebo, Wondwossen, Aristizabal, Alejandro, Karargyris, Alexandros, Kassem, Hasan, Pati, Sarthak, Sheller, Micah, Bakas, Spyridon, Rudie, Jeffrey D., and Aboian, Mariam

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms. Untreated brain metastases on standard anatomic MRI sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR, T1PG) from eight contributed international datasets were annotated in stepwise method: published UNET algorithms, student, neuroradiologist, final approver neuroradiologist. Segmentations were ranked based on lesion-wise Dice and Hausdorff distance (HD95) scores. False positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) were rigorously penalized, receiving a score of 0 for Dice and a fixed penalty of 374 for HD95. Eight datasets comprising 1303 studies were annotated, with 402 studies (3076 lesions) released on Synapse as publicly available datasets to challenge competitors. Additionally, 31 studies (139 lesions) were held out for validation, and 59 studies (218 lesions) were used for testing. Segmentation accuracy was measured as rank across subjects, with the winning team achieving a LesionWise mean score of 7.9. Common errors among the leading teams included false negatives for small lesions and misregistration of masks in space.The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge successfully curated well-annotated, diverse datasets and identified common errors, facilitating the translation of BM segmentation across varied clinical environments and providing personalized volumetric reports to patients undergoing BM treatment.

Published
2023

11. Safety and risk factors for bleeding complications of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy.

Author

Bae, Eunhye, Hwang, Hyeontaek, Kim, Joong-Yub, Park, Young Sik, and Cho, Jaeyoung

Subjects
SAFETY factor in engineering, PLEURAL effusions, ODDS ratio, MULTIVARIATE analysis, PNEUMOTHORAX
Abstract

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (radial EBUS) is widely used to diagnose pulmonary lesions; however, the diagnostic value of radial EBUS-guided transbronchial biopsy (TBB) varies, and its complications (especially the risk of bleeding) are not properly understood. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance and rate of complication of this procedure, and investigated the risk factors associated with the procedure-related bleeding events. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included consecutive patients who underwent radial EBUS-guided TBB. Radial EBUS was performed under moderate sedation in inpatients or outpatients. The severity of bleeding was graded using the standardized definitions of bleeding. Results: Of 133 patients (median age, 69 years; men 57.1%) included, 41 were outpatients (30.8%). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for malignancy were 76.1% (89/117), 71.1% (69/97), and 100% (20/20), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy ranged from 66.9% to 79.0%, depending on the classification of undiagnosed cases as either false negatives or true negatives. Twenty-seven patients (20.3%) developed complications (pneumothorax, 3; pneumonia, 5; complicated pleural effusion, 2; bleeding event grade 2 or higher, 21). Of the 41 outpatients, two developed complications (pneumothorax without intervention, 1; grade 2 bleeding event, 1). Of the 21 patients (15.8%) with procedure-related bleeding events, 18 had grade 2, and three had grade 3 bleeding complications. In multivariate analysis, a large size of ⩾30 mm (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 5.09; p = 0.03) and central lesion (adjusted OR, 3.67; p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding events. Conclusion: Our results suggest that radial EBUS-guided TBB is an accurate and safe method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions. Clinically significant procedure-related bleeding was rare. The central location and larger size (⩾30 mm) of pulmonary lesions were risk factors for grade 2 or higher bleeding events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Jo, Soomin and Cho, Jaeyoung

Subjects
SLEEP apnea syndromes, COVID-19 pandemic, PATIENT compliance, COVID-19, AIRWAY (Anatomy)
Abstract

Background: The adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep have been well studied. However, whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to PAP therapy in patients with OSA. Design: A retrospective cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Data sources and methods: The retrospective study included adults with OSA who received PAP prescriptions within the year before and the year after the start date of COVID-19 social distancing (22 March 2020) in South Korea. The threshold of clinical significance for PAP adherence was defined as 0.5 h/day. We also searched for relevant studies published up to 15 January 2023 using the MEDLINE and Embase databases. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of our findings with the identified studies regarding the standardized mean change (SMC) with a 95% CI of PAP adherence. Results: Our study included a total of 306 patients (mean age, 59.7 years; men, 73.5%). The average daily PAP usage was 5.10 ± 1.63 h before the COVID-19 pandemic and 4.79 ± 1.96 h during the pandemic (mean difference, −0.31 h/day; 95% CI, −0.46 to −0.15 h/day; p < 0.001 using paired t -test). After identifying 10 observational before-and-after studies through a systematic review, we conducted a meta-analysis that included our original data and showed that adherence to PAP treatment was not different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (SMC, 0.01; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.19; p = 0.952). Conclusion: Although the COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically negative impact on adherence to PAP treatment in South Korea, the effect was not clinically relevant in patients with OSA. According to our meta-analysis, adherence to PAP treatment was not different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with OSA. Trial registration: PROSPERO database; No.: CRD42023414268; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Trends and an Online Survey on the Use of Rigid Bronchoscopy in Korea

Author

Jeong, Byeong-Ho, primary, Lee, Sang Haak, additional, Kim, Hwan Hee, additional, Yoon, Ho Il, additional, Eom, Jung Seop, additional, Park, Young Sik, additional, Cho, Jaeyoung, additional, Lee, Taehoon, additional, Kim, Seung Joon, additional, Cho, Hyeong Jun, additional, Park, Chan Kwon, additional, Ko, Yousang, additional, Kwon, Yong-Soo, additional, Kim, Changhwan, additional, Ji, Wonjun, additional, Choi, Chang-Min, additional, Seo, Ki-Hyun, additional, Nam, Hae-Seong, additional, and Kim, Hojoong, additional

Published
2023
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35. Application of Generative Design in Social Manufacturing

Author

Votintseva, Anjelika, Johnson, Rebecca, Zabigailo, Maryna, and Cho, Jaeyoung

Subjects
Social Manufacturing, Generative Design, Parametric Modelling, Rapid Prototyping, User Experience, Physical Prototype, Virtual Prototype, User Interaction
Abstract

The aim of this research paper is to introduce generative design in social manufacturing, describe the core features of our Generative Design Platform, and demonstrate different types of human-machine interaction with the robotic arm use case supported by this tool. This report describes work in progress.

Published
2022
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36. Inferomedially impacted zygomatic fracture reduction by reverse vector using an intraoral approach with Kirschner wire

Author

Jang, Jin Woo, Cho, Jaeyoung, and Burm, Jin Sik

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Maxillary sinus, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Surgery, rotation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Suture (anatomy), medicine, zygomatic fracture, Internal fixation, Kirschner wire, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric/Craniomaxillofacial/Head & Neck, Reduction (orthopedic surgery), Orthodontics, zygoma, business.industry, Zygomatic Fractures, lcsh:RD1-811, 030206 dentistry, Plastic surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Original Article, Surgery, Zygomatic arch, business
Abstract

Background In inferomedially rotated zygomatic fractures sticking in the maxillary sinus, it is often difficult to achieve complete reduction only by conventional intraoral reduction. We present a new intraoral reduction technique using a Kirschner wire and its clinical outcome. Methods Among 39 inferomedially impacted zygomatic fractures incompletely reduced by a simple intraoral reduction trial with a bone elevator, a Kirschner wire (1.5 mm) was vertically inserted from the zygomatic body to the lateral orbital rim in 17 inferior-dominant rotation fractures and horizontally inserted to the zygomatic arch in nine medial-dominant and 13 bidirectional rotation fractures. A Kirschner wire was held with a wire holder and lifted in the superolateral or anterolateral direction for reduction. Following reduction of the zygomaticomaxillary fracture, internal fixation was performed. Results Fractures were completely reduced using only an intraoral approach with Kirschner wire reduction in 33 cases and through an additional lower lid or transconjunctival incision in six cases. There were no surgical complications except in one patient with undercorrection. Postoperative 6-month computed tomography scans showed complete bone union and excellent bone alignment. Four patients experienced difficulty with upper lip elevation; however, these problems spontaneously resolved after manual tissue lump massage and intralesional steroid (Triamcinolone) injection. Conclusions We completely reduced infraorbital rim fractures, zygomaticomaxillary buttresses, and zygomaticofrontal suture fractures in 84% of patients through an intraoral approach alone. Intraoral Kirschner wire reduction may be a useful option by which to obtain effective and powerful reduction motion of an inferomedially rotated zygomatic body.

Published
2021

37. Postextubation respiratory events in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a prospective pilot study using overnight respiratory polygraphy

Author

Lee, Ye Jin, Lee, Jinwoo, Lee, Sang-Min, and Cho, Jaeyoung

Subjects
airway extubation, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Polysomnography, Airway Extubation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Critical Care Nursing, intensive care unit, law.invention, law, Oxygen therapy, Medicine, Respiratory system, Oxygen saturation (medicine), Mechanical ventilation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Sleep apnea, pilot projects, lcsh:RC86-88.9, medicine.disease, sleep apnea, Intensive care unit, Anesthesia, Original Article, business
Abstract

Background Before the main trial in which respiratory polygraphy will be used to evaluate postextubation sleep apnea in critically ill patients, we performed a prospective pilot study to ensure that any issues with the conduct of the trial would be identified. Methods In the present study, 13 adult patients who had received mechanical ventilation for ≥24 hours were prospectively recruited. Among the patients, 10 successfully completed respiratory polygraphy on the first or second night after extubation. Data regarding the types and doses of corticosteroids, analgesics, sedatives, and muscle relaxants as well as the methods of oxygen delivery were recorded. Results During the night of respiratory polygraphy, all 10 patients received supplemental oxygen (low-flow oxygen, n=5; high-flow oxygen, n=5), and seven patients received intravenous corticosteroids. Three of the 10 patients had a respiratory event index (REI) ≥5/hr. All respiratory events were obstructive episodes. None of the patients receiving high-flow oxygen therapy had an REI ≥5/hr. Two of the seven patients who received corticosteroids and one of the other three patients who did not receive this medication had an REI ≥5/hr. Although low- or high-flow oxygen therapy was provided, all patients had episodes of oxygen saturation (SpO2)

Published
2020

42. Bimolecular Peroxy Radical (RO2) Reactions and Their Relevance in Radical Initiated Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

Author

Cho, Jaeyoung, Mulvihill, Clayton R., Klippenstein, Stephen J., and Sivaramakrishnan, Raghu

Abstract

The kinetics of peroxy radical (RO2) reactions have been of long-standing interest in atmospheric and combustion chemistry. Nevertheless, the lack of kinetic studies at higher temperatures for their reactions with other radicals such as OH has precluded the inclusion of this class of reactions in detailed kinetics models developed for combustion applications. In this work, guided by the limited room-temperature experimental studies on selected alkyl-peroxy radicals and literature theoretical kinetics on the prototypical CH3O2+ OH system, we have performed parametric studies on the effect of uncertainties in the rate coefficients and branching ratios to potential product channels for RO2+ OH reactions at higher temperatures. Literature kinetics models were used to simulate autoignition delays, laminar flame speeds, and speciation profiles in flow and stirred reactors for a variety of common combustion-relevant fuels. Inclusion of RO2+ OH reactions was found to retard autoignition in fuel-lean (φ = 0.5) mixtures of ethane and dimethyl ether in air. The observed effects were noticeably more pronounced in ozone-enriched combustion of ethane and dimethyl ether. The simulations also examined the influence of ozone doping levels, pressures, and equivalence ratios for both ethane and dimethyl ether oxidation. Sensitivity and flux analyses revealed that the RO2+ OH reaction is a significant sink of RO2radicals at the early stage of autoignition, affecting fuel oxidation through RO2↔ QOOH, RO2↔ alkene + HO2, or RO2+ HO2↔ ROOH + O2. Additionally, the kinetic stability of the trioxide formed from RO2+ OH reactions was investigated using master equation analyses. Last, we discuss other bimolecular reactions that are missing in literature kinetics models but are relevant to hydrocarbon oxidation initiated by external radical sources (plasma-enhanced, ozone-enriched combustion, etc.). The present simulations provide a strong motivation for better characterizing the bimolecular kinetics of peroxy radicals.

Published
2023
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47. Poly(imide-co-siloxane) as a Thermo-Stable Binder for Thin Layer Cathode of Thermal Batteries

Author

Oh, Ilwhan, Cho, Jaeyoung, Kim, Kwansu, Ko, Jaehwan, Cheong, Haewon, Yoon, Young Soo, and Jung, Hyun Min

Subjects
endocrine system, immune system diseases, viruses, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, energy_fuel_technology
Abstract

The polymer binder, poly(imide-co-siloxane) (PIS), was synthesized and applied to form a thin cathode layer composites for a thermal battery that has an unusually high operating temperature of 450 °C. The PIS was prepared through cross-linking of the polyimide with polysiloxane. The morphology of FeS2/PIS composites showed that FeS2 particles was coated with the PIS cross-linked gel. The FeS2/PIS composites enabled to fabricate mechanically stable thin cathode layer that was 20–10% of the thickness of a conventional pellet-type cathode. The FeS2/PIS composites were stable up to 400 °C and maintained their morphology at this temperature. PIS coating layers decomposed at 450 °C and a new residue was generated, which was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the compositional change was analyzed. The FeS2/PIS composites showed enhanced thermal stability over that of FeS2 in thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal battery with the PIS polymer binder showed a 20% discharge capacity increase when compared to a conventional pellet-type cathode.

Published
2018

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