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6. Delayed Clearance of Viral Load and Marked Cytokine Activation in Severe Cases of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Virus Infection

Author

Pandemic H1N1 Study Group, To, Kelvin K. W., Hung, Ivan F. N., Li, Iris W. S., Lee, Kar-Lung, Koo, Chi-Kwan, Yan, Wing-Wa, Liu, Raymond, Ho, Ka-Ying, Chu, Kwok-Hong, Watt, Chi-Leung, Luk, Wei-Kwang, Lai, Kang-Yiu, Chow, Fu-Loi, Mok, Thomas, Buckley, Tom, Chan, Jasper F. W., Wong, Samson S. Y., Zheng, Bojian, Chen, Honglin, Lau, Candy C. Y., Tse, Herman, Cheng, Vincent C. C., Chan, Kwok-Hung, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung

Published
2010

18. Polyclonal Burkholderia cepacia Complex Outbreak in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Caused by Contaminated Aqueous Chlorhexidine.

Author

Wong, Sally C. Y., Shuk-Ching Wong, Chen, Jonathan H. K., Poon, Rosana W. S., Hung, Derek L. L., Chiu, Kelvin H. Y., So, Simon Y. C., Wing Shan Leung, Tak Mao Chan, Yap, Desmond Y. H., Chuang, Vivien W. M., Kwok-Yung Yuen, Cheng, Vincent C. C., Wong, Shuk-Ching, Leung, Wing Shan, Chan, Tak Mao, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung

Subjects
BURKHOLDERIA cepacia, PERITONEAL dialysis, HEMODIALYSIS patients, CHLORHEXIDINE, PRODUCT recall, BURKHOLDERIA infections, RESEARCH, BURKHOLDERIA, RESEARCH methodology, CROSS infection, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, EPIDEMICS
Abstract

Whether Burkholderia cepacia complex should be an objectionable organism in antiseptic solutions with acceptable total bacterial counts is controversial. By using next-generation sequencing, we documented a polyclonal B. cepacia complex outbreak affecting peritoneal dialysis patients in Hong Kong that was caused by contaminated chlorhexidine solutions. Epidemiologic investigations at a manufacturing site identified a semiautomated packaging machine as the probable source of contamination in some of the brands. Use of whole-genome sequencing differentiated the isolates into 3 brand-specific clonal types. Changes in exit site care recommendations, rapid recall of affected products, and tightening of regulatory control for chlorhexidine-containing skin antiseptics could prevent future similar outbreaks. Environmental opportunistic pathogens, including B. cepacia complex, might be included in regular surveillance as indicator organisms for monitoring environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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19. Not sick enough to worry? "Influenza-like" symptoms and work-related behavior among healthcare workers and other professionals: Results of a global survey.

Author

Tartari, Ermira, Saris, Katja, Kenters, Nikki, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Widmer, Andreas, Collignon, Peter, Cheng, Vincent C. C., Wong, Shuk C., Gottlieb, Thomas, Tambyah, Paul A., Perencevich, Eli, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Dramowski, Angela, Edmond, Michael B., and Voss, Andreas

Subjects
PROFESSIONAL employees, INFECTION control, RHINORRHEA, INFECTION prevention, INFLUENZA vaccines, APPETITE, FATIGUE (Physiology)
Abstract

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs may contribute to the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) to colleagues and susceptible patients by working while sick (presenteeism). The present study aimed to explore the views and behavior of HCWs and non-HCWs towards the phenomenon of working while experiencing ILI. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between October 2018 and January 2019 to explore sickness presenteeism and the behaviour of HCWs and non-HCWs when experiencing ILI. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the members and international networks of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Working Group, as well as via social media platforms, including LinkedIn, Twitter and IPC Blog. Results: In total, 533 respondents from 49 countries participated (Europe 69.2%, Asia-Pacific 19.1%, the Americas 10.9%, and Africa 0.8%) representing 249 HCWs (46.7%) and 284 non-HCWs (53.2%). Overall, 312 (58.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 56.2–64.6) would continue to work when sick with ILI, with no variation between the two categories. Sixty-seven (26.9%) HCWs and forty-six (16.2%) non-HCWs would work with fever alone (p<0.01) Most HCWs (89.2–99.2%) and non-HCWs (80%-96.5%) would work with "minor" ILI symptoms, such as sore throat, sinus cold, fatigue, sneezing, runny nose, mild cough and reduced appetite. Conclusion: A future strategy to successfully prevent the transmission of ILI in healthcare settings should address sick-leave policy management, in addition to encouraging the uptake of influenza vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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22. Donor-Derived Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Infection, Hong Kong, China, 2018.

Author

Sridhar, Siddharth, Cheng, Vincent C. C., Shuk-Ching Wong, Yip, Cyril C. Y., Shusheng Wu, Lo, Anthony W. I., Kit-Hang Leung, Mak, Winger W. N., Jianpiao Cai, Xin Li, Chan, Jasper F. W., Lau, Susanna K. P., Woo, Patrick C. Y., Wai-Ming Lai, Tze-Hoi Kwan, Au, Timmy W. K., Chung-Mau Lo, Wong, Sally C. Y., Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Wong, Shuk-Ching

Subjects
*HEPATITIS E virus, *VIRUS diseases, *GENOTYPES, *LIVER function tests, *PORTAL hypertension, *HEMAPHERESIS
Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 4 (HEV-4) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in China. Less is known about the clinical characteristics and natural history of HEV-4 than HEV genotype 3 infections in immunocompromised patients. We report transmission of HEV-4 from a deceased organ donor to 5 transplant recipients. The donor had been viremic but HEV IgM and IgG seronegative, and liver function test results were within reference ranges. After a mean of 52 days after transplantation, hepatitis developed in all 5 recipients; in the liver graft recipient, disease was severe and with progressive portal hypertension. Despite reduced immunosuppression, all HEV-4 infections progressed to persistent hepatitis. Four patients received ribavirin and showed evidence of response after 2 months. This study highlights the role of organ donation in HEV transmission, provides additional data on the natural history of HEV-4 infection, and points out differences between genotype 3 and 4 infections in immunocompromised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. Rat Hepatitis E Virus as Cause of Persistent Hepatitis after Liver Transplant.

Author

Sridhar, Siddharth, Yip, Cyril C. Y., Shusheng Wu, Jianpiao Cai, Jin-Xia Zhang, Anna, Kit-Hang Leung, Chung, Tom W. H., Chan, Jasper F. W., Wan-Mui Chan, Teng, Jade L. L., Au-Yeung, Rex K. H., Cheng, Vincent C. C., Honglin Chen, Lau, Susanna K. P., Woo, Patrick C. Y., Ning-Shao Xia, Chung-Mau Lo, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Wu, Shusheng, and Cai, Jianpiao

Subjects
HEPATITIS E virus, LIVER diseases, VIRAL hepatitis, LIVER transplantation, COMMUNICABLE diseases, ANTIVIRAL agents, ANIMAL experimentation, COMPARATIVE studies, GENES, GENOMES, HEPATITIS E, HEPATITIS viruses, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RATS, RESEARCH, TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc., GENOMICS, VIRAL load, EVALUATION research, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

All hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants reported to infect humans belong to the species Orthohepevirus A (HEV-A). The zoonotic potential of the species Orthohepevirus C (HEV-C), which circulates in rats and is highly divergent from HEV-A, is unknown. We report a liver transplant recipient with hepatitis caused by HEV-C infection. We detected HEV-C RNA in multiple clinical samples and HEV-C antigen in the liver. The complete genome of the HEV-C isolate had 93.7% nt similarity to an HEV-C strain from Vietnam. The patient had preexisting HEV antibodies, which were not protective against HEV-C infection. Ribavirin was an effective treatment, resulting in resolution of hepatitis and clearance of HEV-C viremia. Testing for this zoonotic virus should be performed for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with unexplained hepatitis because routine hepatitis E diagnostic tests may miss HEV-C infection. HEV-C is also a potential threat to the blood product supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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25. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmitted Via Blood Transfusion, Hong Kong, China.

Author

Cheng, Vincent C. C., Sridhar, Siddharth, Shuk-Ching Wong, Wong, Sally C. Y., Chan, Jasper F. W., Yip, Cyril C. Y., Chi-Hung Chau, Au, Timmy W. K., Yu-Yan Hwang, Yau, Carol S. W., Lo, Janice Y. C., Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Wong, Shuk-Ching, Chau, Chi-Hung, Hwang, Yu-Yan, Lee, Cheuk-Kwong, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung

Subjects
*JAPANESE encephalitis viruses, *VIRUS disease transmission, *INFECTIOUS disease transmission, *ENCEPHALITIS viruses, *INFECTION prevention, *MOSQUITO vectors, *BLOOD transfusion, *BLOOD donors, *EPIDEMIC encephalitis, *EPIDEMICS, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *FLAVIVIRUSES, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *NEURORADIOLOGY, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, *SEQUENCE analysis
Abstract

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquitoborne virus endemic to China and Southeast Asia that causes severe encephalitis in <1% of infected persons. Transmission of JEV via blood transfusion has not been reported. We report transmission of JEV via blood donation products from an asymptomatic viremic donor to 2 immunocompromised recipients. One recipient on high-dose immunosuppressive drugs received JEV-positive packed red blood cells after a double lung transplant; severe encephalitis and a poor clinical outcome resulted. JEV RNA was detected in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens. The second recipient had leukemia and received platelets after undergoing chemotherapy. This patient was asymptomatic; JEV infection was confirmed in this person by IgM seroconversion. This study illustrates that, consistent with other pathogenic flaviviruses, JEV can be transmitted via blood products. Targeted donor screening and pathogen reduction technologies could be used to prevent transfusion-transmitted JEV infection in highly JEV-endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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29. A Novel Psittacine Adenovirus Identified During an Outbreak of Avian Chlamydiosis and Human Psittacosis: Zoonosis Associated with Virus-Bacterium Coinfection in Birds

Author

To, Kelvin K. W., primary, Tse, Herman, additional, Chan, Wan-Mui, additional, Choi, Garnet K. Y., additional, Zhang, Anna J. X., additional, Sridhar, Siddharth, additional, Wong, Sally C. Y., additional, Chan, Jasper F. W., additional, Chan, Andy S. F., additional, Woo, Patrick C. Y., additional, Lau, Susanna K. P., additional, Lo, Janice Y. C., additional, Chan, Kwok-Hung, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung, additional

Published
2014
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30. First Report of a Fatal Case Associated with EV-D68 Infection in Hong Kong and Emergence of an Interclade Recombinant in China Revealed by Genome Analysis.

Author

Yip, Cyril C. Y., Lo, Janice Y. C., Sridhar, Siddharth, Lung, David C., Shik Luk, Kwok-Hung Chan, Chan, Jasper F. W., Cheng, Vincent C. C., Woo, Patrick C. Y., Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Lau, Susanna K. P.

Subjects
ENTEROVIRUS diseases, GENOMES, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, SEQUENCE analysis, RECOMBINATION activating genes
Abstract

A fatal case associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection affecting a 10-year-old boy was reported in Hong Kong in 2014. To examine if a new strain has emerged in Hong Kong, we sequenced the partial genome of the EV-D68 strain identified from the fatal case and the complete VP1, and partial 5'UTR and 2C sequences of nine additional EV-D68 strains isolated from patients in Hong Kong. Sequence analysis indicated that a cluster of strains including the previously recognized A2 strains should belong to a separate clade, clade D, which is further divided into subclades D1 and D2. Among the 10 EV-D68 strains, 7 (including the fatal case) belonged to the previously described, newly emerged subclade B3, 2 belonged to subclade B1, and 1 belonged to subclade D1. Three EV-D68 strains, each from subclades B1, B3, and D1, were selected for complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis. While no evidence of recombination was noted among local strains, interclade recombination was identified in subclade D2 strains detected in mainland China in 2008 with VP2 acquired from clade A. This study supports the reclassification of subclade A2 into clade D1, and demonstrates interclade recombination between clades A and D2 in EV-D68 strains from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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31. Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory

Author

Chen, Jonathan H. K., primary, Yam, Wing-Cheong, additional, Ngan, Antonio H. Y., additional, Fung, Ami M. Y., additional, Woo, Wai-Lan, additional, Yan, Mei-Kum, additional, Choi, Garnet K. Y., additional, Ho, Pak-Leung, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung, additional

Published
2013
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36. Epidemiology of Klebsiella oxytoca-Associated Diarrhea Detected by Simmons Citrate Agar Supplemented with Inositol, Tryptophan, and Bile Salts

Author

Cheng, Vincent C. C., primary, Yam, Wing-Cheong, additional, Tsang, Lee-Lee, additional, Yau, Miranda C. Y., additional, Siu, Gilman K. H., additional, Wong, Sally C. Y., additional, Chan, Jasper F. W., additional, To, Kelvin K. W., additional, Tse, Herman, additional, Hung, Ivan F. N., additional, Tai, Josepha W. M., additional, Ho, Pak-Leung, additional, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung, additional

Published
2012
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38. Rapid Differentiation of Haemophilus influenzaeand Haemophilus haemolyticusby Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry with ClinProTools Mass Spectrum Analysis

Author

Chen, Jonathan H. K., Cheng, Vincent C. C., Wong, Chun-Pong, Wong, Sally C. Y., Yam, Wing-Cheong, and Yuen, Kwok-Yung

Abstract

ABSTRACTHaemophilus influenzaeis associated with severe invasive disease, while Haemophilus haemolyticusis considered part of the commensal flora in the human respiratory tract. Although the addition of a custom mass spectrum library into the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system could improve identification of these two species, the establishment of such a custom database is technically complicated and requires a large amount of resources, which most clinical laboratories cannot afford. In this study, we developed a mass spectrum analysis model with 7 mass peak biomarkers for the identification of H. influenzaeand H. haemolyticususing the ClinProTools software. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of this model using 408 H. influenzaeand H. haemolyticusisolates from clinical respiratory specimens from 363 hospitalized patients and compared the identification results with those obtained with the Bruker IVD MALDI Biotyper. The IVD MALDI Biotyper identified only 86.9% of H. influenzae(311/358) and 98.0% of H. haemolyticus(49/50) clinical isolates to the species level. In comparison, the ClinProTools mass spectrum model could identify 100% of H. influenzae(358/358) and H. haemolyticus(50/50) clinical strains to the species level and significantly improved the species identification rate (McNemar's test, P< 0.0001). In conclusion, the use of ClinProTools demonstrated an alternative way for users lacking special expertise in mass spectrometry to handle closely related bacterial species when the proprietary spectrum library failed. This approach should be useful for the differentiation of other closely related bacterial species.

Published
2017
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39. Molecular Characterization of a Catalase-Negative Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Strain Collected from a Patient with Mitral Valve Endocarditis and Pericarditis Revealed a Novel Nonsense Mutation in the katA Gene

Author

To, Kelvin K. W., primary, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, Chan, Jasper F. W., additional, Wong, Amy C. Y., additional, Chau, Sandy, additional, Tsang, Flora H. F., additional, Curreem, Shirly O. T., additional, Lau, Susanna K. P., additional, Yuen, Kwok-Yung, additional, and Woo, Patrick C. Y., additional

Published
2011
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42. Delayed Clearance of Viral Load and Marked Cytokine Activation in Severe Cases of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Virus Infection

Author

To, Kelvin K. W., primary, Hung, Ivan F. N., additional, Li, Iris W. S., additional, Lee, Kar‐Lung, additional, Koo, Chi‐Kwan, additional, Yan, Wing‐Wa, additional, Liu, Raymond, additional, Ho, Ka‐Ying, additional, Chu, Kwok‐Hong, additional, Watt, Chi‐Leung, additional, Luk, Wei‐Kwang, additional, Lai, Kang‐Yiu, additional, Chow, Fu‐Loi, additional, Mok, Thomas, additional, Buckley, Tom, additional, Chan, Jasper F. W., additional, Wong, Samson S. Y., additional, Zheng, Bojian, additional, Chen, Honglin, additional, Lau, Candy C. Y., additional, Tse, Herman, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, Chan, Kwok‐Hung, additional, and Yuen, Kwok‐Yung, additional

Published
2010
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44. Outbreak of Intestinal Infection Due to Rhizopus microsporus

Author

Cheng, Vincent C. C., primary, Chan, Jasper F. W., additional, Ngan, Antonio H. Y., additional, To, Kelvin K. W., additional, Leung, S. Y., additional, Tsoi, H. W., additional, Yam, W. C., additional, Tai, Josepha W. M., additional, Wong, Samson S. Y., additional, Tse, Herman, additional, Li, Iris W. S., additional, Lau, Susanna K. P., additional, Woo, Patrick C. Y., additional, Leung, Anskar Y. H., additional, Lie, Albert K. W., additional, Liang, Raymond H. S., additional, Que, T. L., additional, Ho, P. L., additional, and Yuen, K. Y., additional

Published
2009
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46. A Patient with Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Antigenemia from the 2003–2004 Community Outbreak of SARS in Guangzhou, China

Author

Che, Xiao‐yan, primary, Di, Biao, additional, Zhao, Guo‐ping, additional, Wang, Ya‐di, additional, Qiu, Li‐wen, additional, Hao, Wei, additional, Wang, Ming, additional, Qin, Peng‐zhe, additional, Liu, Yu‐fei, additional, Chan, Kwok‐hong, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, and Yuen, Kwok‐yung, additional

Published
2006
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47. Coronavirus HKU1 and Other Coronavirus Infections in Hong Kong

Author

Lau, Susanna K. P., primary, Woo, Patrick C. Y., additional, Yip, Cyril C. Y., additional, Tse, Herman, additional, Tsoi, Hoi-wah, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, Lee, Paul, additional, Tang, Bone S. F., additional, Cheung, Chris H. Y., additional, Lee, Rodney A., additional, So, Lok-yee, additional, Lau, Yu-lung, additional, Chan, Kwok-hung, additional, and Yuen, Kwok-yung, additional

Published
2006
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48. Comparative Host Gene Transcription by Microarray Analysis Early after Infection of the Huh7 Cell Line by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus 229E

Author

Tang, Bone S. F., primary, Chan, Kwok-hung, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, Woo, Patrick C. Y., additional, Lau, Susanna K. P., additional, Lam, Clarence C. K., additional, Chan, Tsun-leung, additional, Wu, Alan K. L., additional, Hung, Ivan F. N., additional, Leung, Suet-yi, additional, and Yuen, Kwok-yung, additional

Published
2005
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49. Sensitive and Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Based Capture Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Nucleocapsid Antigen in Sera from Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Author

Che, Xiao-yan, primary, Qiu, Li-wen, additional, Pan, Yu-xian, additional, Wen, Kun, additional, Hao, Wei, additional, Zhang, Li-ya, additional, Wang, Ya-di, additional, Liao, Zhi-yong, additional, Hua, Xu, additional, Cheng, Vincent C. C., additional, and Yuen, Kwok-yung, additional

Published
2004
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