Search

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) with extended emission (EE) are composed of initial main emission (ME) with a short-hard spike, followed by a long-lasting EE. Whether the ME and EE originated from the same origin or not, as well as the jet composition, remains an open question. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of 36 gamma ray bursts (GRBs) in our sample, which are identified as the category of SGRBs with EE as observed by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. By extracting time-integrated spectra of ME and EE with cutoff power-law or Band models for our sample, we find that 20 out of 36 SGRBs have $\alpha$ values that exceed the death line (e.g., -2/3) of synchrotron emission within either ME or EE phases, and we suggest that the quasi-thermal component should exist in the prompt emission. Then, we extract the time-resolved spectra of our samples, but only four GRBs are bright enough to extract the time-resolved spectra. We find that both thermal and nonthermal emissions do exist in the prompt emission of those four bright GRBs, which suggests that a hybrid jet (e.g., matter and Poynting-flux outflow) in GRBs should exist. Moreover, strong positive correlations (e.g., $F_{\rm tot}-\Gamma$ and $F_{\rm tot}-kT$) in the time-resolved spectra of ME and EE for those four GRBs have been discovered. This indicates that the spectral evolution of both ME and EE seem to share similar behavior, possibly from the same physical origin., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures and 11 tables, matched with the published verison

There is no consensus yet on whether the precursor and the main burst of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have the same origin, and their jet composition is still unclear. In order to further investigate this issue, we systematically search 21 Fermi GRBs with both precursor and main burst for spectral analysis. We first perform Bayesian time-resolved spectral analysis and find that almost all the precursors and the main bursts (94.4$\%$) exhibit thermal components, and the vast majority of them have low-energy spectral index ($\alpha$) (72.2$\%$) that exceed the limit of synchrotron radiation. We then analyse the evolution and correlation of the spectral parameters and find that approximately half of the $\alpha$ (50$\%$) of the precursors and the main bursts evolve in a similar pattern, while peak energy ($E_{p}$) (55.6$\%$) behave similarly, and their evolution is mainly characterized by flux tracking; for the $\alpha-F$ (the flux) relation, more than half of the precursors and the main bursts (61.1$\%$) exhibit roughly similar patterns; the $E_{p}-F$ relation in both the precursor and main burst (100$\%$) exhibits a positive correlation of at least moderate strength. Next, we constrain the outflow properties of the precursors and the main bursts and find that most of them exhibit typical properties of photosphere radiation. Finally, we compare the time-integrated spectra of the precursors and the main bursts and find that nearly all of them are located in similar regions of the Amati relation and follow the Yonetoku relation. Therefore, we conclude that main bursts are continuations of precursors and they may share a common physical origin., Comment: 36 pages,13 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

GRB 211211A is a peculiar long Gamma-ray burst (GRB) with very high brightness and short burst properties. It's full lightcurve consists of three emission episodes, i.e. a precursor, a main burst and a extended emission. We find a recently detected long-duration GRB 230307A also includes the three consistent emission episodes. Furthermore, the two bursts have similar redshift 0.076 and 0.065, respectively. We perform a detail temporal and spectral analysis of the two GRBs to compare their temporal and spectral properties. Our analysis shows that the two bursts share great similarities for both the whole emission and the three corresponding emission phases, which are listed as follows: (1) they have near zero spectral lag, (2) they have very short minimum variability timescale (MVT), (3) they lie in the same region of in the MVT-$T_{90}$, Amati relation, and hardness-$T_{90}$ planes, (4) the three phases are quasi-thermal spectra, (5) both the peak energy and the low-energy index track the flux, (6) the time-resolved spectra are much wider than those of the blackbody prediced by theory model, (7) there are strong correlations between thermal flux and total flux and the correlation coefficients as well as the slopes for the corresponding stages are very consistent, (8) the photosphere emission properties are very consistent. Other investigations and observations suggest the two GRBs indeed belong to short burst with a compact star merger origin. Therefore, we think that GRB 230307A and GRB 211211A are the rare and similar GRBs and the photospheric radiation can interpret their radiation mechanisms., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 22 pages,20 figures, 4 tables

Long-duration GRB 211211A that lacks a supernova emission even down to very stringent limits at such a low redshift $z=0.076$ and is associated with kilonova emission, suggests that its physical origin is from a binary compact star merger. By reanalyzing its data observed with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi mission, we find that both time-integrated and time-resolved spectra can be fitted well by using a 2SBPL plus blackbody (2SBPL+BB) model in the prompt emission. The bulk Lorentz factors ($\Gamma_{\rm ph}$) of the outflow can be inferred by invoking the observed thermal emission at the photosphere radius within a pure fireball model, and we find out that the temporal evolution of $\Gamma_{\rm ph}$ seems to be tracking with the light curve. The derived values of $\Gamma_{\rm ph}$ are also consistent with the $\Gamma_{\rm ph}$-$L_{\gamma, \rm iso}$/$E_{\gamma, \rm iso}$ correlations that had been found in other bursts. Moreover, we also calculate the magnetization factor $\sigma_{0}$ in the central engine and $\sigma_{\rm ph}$ at the photosphere radius within the framework of a hybrid jet model, and find that the values of both $1+\sigma_{\rm 0}$ and $1+\sigma_{\rm ph}$ are larger than 1 for different time slices. It suggests that at least the Poynting-flux component is indeed existent in the outflow. If this is the case, one possible physical interpretation of thermal and nonthermal emissions in GRB 211211A is from the contributions of both $\nu\bar{\nu}$ annihilation and the Blandford-Znajek mechanisms in the relativistic jet when a stellar mass black hole resides in the central engine., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, and 4 tables. ApJ in press, and matched with the published verison