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Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal natural polymer. In this study, chitin and chitosan were chemically isolated from the exoskeleton of invasive swimming crab Charybdis longicollis. In order to obtain the chitin, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolourization steps were applied to the samples. Chitosan was prepared from the isolated chitin by deacetylation at high temperatures. The chemical composition of chitin from C. longicollis was characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis. The yield of chitin extraction from dry crab shells was 25.78 %. The yield of chitosan produced from extracted chitin was 80.23 %. The experimental analyses revealed that the obtained chitin and chitosan could be used as biomaterial.

Non-native marine crustaceans can exert detrimental impacts on native marine communities by altering habitat and ecosystem function. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to introductions of non-native crustaceans, as evidenced by their remarkably high establishment success. In this study, 20 species of non-native marine crustacean decapods and barnacles of which eleven extant and nine ‘horizon’ were screened for their potential invasiveness in the Mediterranean Sea. Using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit and including an additional nine native species to increase accuracy, calibrated risk thresholds of 3.5 for the BRA (Basic Risk Assessment) and 8.5 for the BRA + CCA (BRA + Climate Change Assessment) were obtained that distinguished reliably between invasive and non-invasive species. All 20 non-native species were classified as carrying a high risk of invasiveness for the Mediterranean Sea, both for the BRA and the BRA + CCA. Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was by far the highest risk species, followed by Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, bay barnacle, Amphibalanus improvisus, and lesser swimming crab Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis. The findings of this study will provide management and control directions for non-native marine crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea, with special emphasis on regulations regarding ballast waters, which represent one of the main introduction pathways for these aquatic organisms.

This essay is a response to Julie Cooper’s piece in this volume. In her essay, Cooper insightfully analyzes ways in which the rise of the modern state has imposed “religious” forms of identificatio...

Kristin Kostka,1,2 Talita Duarte-Salles,3 Albert Prats-Uribe,4 Anthony G Sena,5,6 Andrea Pistillo,3 Sara Khalid,4 Lana YH Lai,7 Asieh Golozar,8,9 Thamir M Alshammari,10 Dalia M Dawoud,11 Fredrik Nyberg,12 Adam B Wilcox,13,14 Alan Andryc,5 Andrew Williams,15 Anna Ostropolets,16 Carlos Areia,17 Chi Young Jung,18 Christopher A Harle,19 Christian G Reich,1,2 Clair Blacketer,5,6 Daniel R Morales,20 David A Dorr,21 Edward Burn,3,4 Elena Roel,3,22 Eng Hooi Tan,4 Evan Minty,23 Frank DeFalco,5 Gabriel de Maeztu,24 Gigi Lipori,19 Hiba Alghoul,25 Hong Zhu,26 Jason A Thomas,13 Jiang Bian,19 Jimyung Park,27 Jordi Martínez Roldán,28 Jose D Posada,29 Juan M Banda,30 Juan P Horcajada,31 Julianna Kohler,32 Karishma Shah,33 Karthik Natarajan,16,34 Kristine E Lynch,35,36 Li Liu,37 Lisa M Schilling,38 Martina Recalde,3,22 Matthew Spotnitz,14 Mengchun Gong,39 Michael E Matheny,40,41 Neus Valveny,42 Nicole G Weiskopf,21 Nigam Shah,29 Osaid Alser,43 Paula Casajust,42 Rae Woong Park,27,44 Robert Schuff,21 Sarah Seager,1 Scott L DuVall,35,36 Seng Chan You,45 Seokyoung Song,46 Sergio Fernández-Bertolín,3 Stephen Fortin,5 Tanja Magoc,19 Thomas Falconer,16 Vignesh Subbian,47 Vojtech Huser,48 Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed,33,49 William Carter,38 Yin Guan,50 Yankuic Galvan,19 Xing He,19 Peter R Rijnbeek,6 George Hripcsak,16,34 Patrick B Ryan,5,16 Marc A Suchard,51 Daniel Prieto-Alhambra4 1IQVIA, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2OHDSI Center at The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA; 3Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primà ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; 4Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 5Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA; 6Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 7School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 8Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA; 9Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 10College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 11National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK; 12School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 13Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 14Unviersity of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; 15Tufts Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Boston, MA, USA; 16Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 17Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 18Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; 19University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA; 20Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 21Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 22Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 23O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; 24IOMED, Barcelona, Spain; 25Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; 26Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 27Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 28Director of Innovation and Digital Transformation, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; 29Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA; 30Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA; 31Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; 32United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 33Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 34New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; 35VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 36Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 37Biomedical Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 38Data Science to Patient Value Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; 39Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 40Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 41Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 42Real-World Evidence, TFS, Barcelona, Spain; 43Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 44Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 45Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 46Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; 47College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 48National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 49College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK; 50DHC Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 51Departments of Biostatistics, Computational Medicine, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX37LD, UK, Email daniel.prietoalhambra@ndorms.ox.ac.ukPurpose: Routinely collected real world data (RWD) have great utility in aiding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic response. Here we present the international Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Characterizing Health Associated Risks and Your Baseline Disease In SARS-COV-2 (CHARYBDIS) framework for standardisation and analysis of COVID-19 RWD.Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective database study using a federated network of data partners in the United States, Europe (the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Germany, France and Italy) and Asia (South Korea and China). The study protocol and analytical package were released on 11th June 2020 and are iteratively updated via GitHub. We identified three non-mutually exclusive cohorts of 4,537,153 individuals with a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test, 886,193 hospitalized with COVID-19, and 113,627 hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring intensive services.Results: We aggregated over 22,000 unique characteristics describing patients with COVID-19. All comorbidities, symptoms, medications, and outcomes are described by cohort in aggregate counts and are readily available online. Globally, we observed similarities in the USA and Europe: more women diagnosed than men but more men hospitalized than women, most diagnosed cases between 25 and 60 years of age versus most hospitalized cases between 60 and 80 years of age. South Korea differed with more women than men hospitalized. Common comorbidities included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart disease. Common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fever. Symptom data availability was more common in hospitalized cohorts than diagnosed.Conclusion: We constructed a global, multi-centre view to describe trends in COVID-19 progression, management and evolution over time. By characterising baseline variability in patients and geography, our work provides critical context that may otherwise be misconstrued as data quality issues. This is important as we perform studies on adverse events of special interest in COVID-19 vaccine surveillance.Keywords: OHDSI, OMOP CDM, descriptive epidemiology, real world data, real world evidence, open science

Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure 14E, preserved) Material examined. M07, Stn. 74, 138m, ♂ 26× 16.8mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1902), COI (MZ 434821). Habitat and distribution. Widely distributed in the IWP from South and East Africa through the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Gulf, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, Vietnam, China, and Japan (Apel & Spiridonov 1998). Crosnier (1962) described the distribution of the synonym species Charybdis cruciate (Herbst) in shallow waters of South Africa, Australia, and Japan, at 5-15m (rarely 30m). Not being recorded in Mozambique since the fifties of last century (Barnard 1950), it has been recently reported by personal observations of IIP-Mozambique. Results and remarks. The single specimen agrees well with the description and figures in Crosnier (1962) and Apel & Spiridonov (1998). It was collected in March 2007 (M07) at 138m depth, increasing the previously reported bathymetric distribution of the species. Colouration observed. No pictures of the fresh specimen are available. DNA barcodes. Only the COI sequence could be obtained from this specimen, which represents a new haplotype for this species. The closer haplotype is a COI sequence of a specimen from Australia (MN 184690), with differences in two positions (99.68% similarity), ranging between 98.65 to 97.30% of similarity (seven to 14 mutations) with respect to the rest of 60 haplotypes for this species in Genbank., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Apel, M. & Spiridonov, V. A. (1998) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the portunid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) of the Arabian Gulf and adjacent waters. Fauna of Arabia, 17, 159 - 331.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837."]}

Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana Shen, 1935 (Figure 14D) Material examined. M07, Stn. 123, 184m, ♂ 84.4× 57.5mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1915); M08, Stn. 77, 290m, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 23.4× 15.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-1), 16S (MZ 424971), COI (MZ 434818), ♂ 24.1× 17.1mm; ♂ 21× 14.5mm, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 27× 18.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-2), 16S (MZ 424972), COI (MZ 434819); M09, Stn. 45, 322m, ♂ 41.2× 29mm (IEO-CD-MZ09/1816), 16S (MZ 424973), COI (MZ 434820). Habitat and distribution. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana occurs between 48 and 126m, off South Africa (Barnard 1950; Shen 1935) and Mozambique (Kensley 1981). Results and remarks. These specimens were identified at genus level following Crosnier (1962), at subgenus level following Leene (1938) and at species level following Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950). A total of eight individuals were collected during the three surveys (M07, M08 and M09), at depths between 184 and 322m. This is the second record in Mozambican waters, which expands the species depth range from 126 up to 322m. Charybdis africana and Charybdis bimaculata have been considered synonyms (Sakai 1939), although WoRMS currently considers them as valid species. The similarity between the characters used by Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950) to separate both species might have justified that they were considered synonyms by Sakai (1939). However, Shen (1935) established differences in the relationship CW / CL, this being 1.46 for C. africana and 1.55 for C. bimaculata. Considering this as a distinctive character for both species, our specimens with CW / CL ratios between 1.42-1.47 are closer to C. africana. The tip shape of G1 could be a distinctive character between the species, only described so far for C. bimaculata (Leene 1938) but not for C. africana. The G1 shapes of the specimens (all males) are similar to those described for C. bimaculata, although their tips are more elongated and pointed (see Figure 15B). Colouration observed. The common name of C. bimaculata, “two-spot swimming crab”, makes reference to the two spots located on the mesobranchial region of the carapace. No information on the presence or absence of these spots on C. africana is available. These eight specimens also had two spots, although they were not as remarkable as observed in the images available of C. bimaculata. Our specimens showed a white spot on the cardiac region of the carapace, which was also observed in the images of C. bimaculata, although in this case they were much more elongated, even reaching the edge of the carapace. General colouration was also different as C. bimaculata is brown and beige colour, marble-like, while our specimens had a reddish-brown carapace with red granules. Legs and chelae were beige, with very scattered red granules, with bigger size and presence on the chelae. Dactyli were yellowish dorsally and white ventrally. DNA barcodes. The three 16S sequences present only one haplotype that fits 99.22–99.41% (three–four mutations) with four sequences of C. bimaculata from Taiwan (KX 060391), South Korea (MG 787408, NC_ 037695), and Vanuatu (KT 365596), deposited at Genbank by Negri et al. (2018), Liu et al. (2018), Kim et al (2018) and Evans (2018), respectively. The three different haplotypes found for COI sequences, differ in 11–12 mutations respect to several COI sequences of C. bimaculata (similarity ranging from 97.47 to 98.25%). As occurs for Ovalipes iridescens, these values fall just in the limit between inter or intraspecific variability., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Shen, C. J. (1935) On a new species of Charybdis belonging to the subgenus Gonioneptunus, from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 15, 404 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654981","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Kensley, B. (1981) On the zoogeography of southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a distributional checklist of the species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 338, 1 - 64.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Leene, J. E. (1938) The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga-Expedition. VII. Brachygnatha: Portunidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monografie, 39 (3), 1 - 156.","Sakai, T. (1939) Studies on the crabs of Japan. IV. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha. Yokendo, Tokyo, 377 pp.","Negri, M., Schubart, C. D. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2018) Tracing the introduction history of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the Western Atlantic: evidences of high genetic diversity and multiple introductions. Biological Invasions, 20, 1771 - 1798. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 018 - 1660 - 0","Liu, X., Yuan, Y., He, Y., Liu, S., Ji, X., Qin, Y. & Ma, K. (2018) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Charybdis bimaculata and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 1163 - 1164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1524273","Kim, N. - K., Andriyono, S., Kim, A. R., Lee, C. I. & Kim, H. - W. (2018) Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of two-spot swimming crab Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886). Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 902 - 903. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1501292","Evans, N. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of swimming crabs (Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815) supports a revised family-level classification and suggests a single derived origin of symbiotic taxa. PeerJ, 6 (e 4260), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4260"]}

Megalopas of 15 brachyuran crab species collected in the open sea plankton, and unknown until now, were identified using DNA barcodes (COI and 16S rRNA). Specimens belonging to the families Portunidae, Pseudorhombilidae and Xanthidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), and corresponding to the species Achelous floridanus, Arenaeus mexicanus, Callinectes amnicola, C. arcuatus, C. ornatus, C. toxones, Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii, Portunus hastatus, Thalamita admete, Scopolius nuttingi, Etisus odhneri, Liomera cinctimanus, Neoliomera cerasinus, Pseudoliomera variolosa, and Williamstimpsonia stimpsoni, are described and illustrated, and compared with other congeneric species previously described. We also provide a new geographical record for N. cerasinus and the most remarkable features for each species., The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (MINECO) and the European Fund for Economic and Regional Development (FEDER) through the MALASPINA 2010 Expedition (Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2008-00077) and MAF Research Project (National Research Program, CTM2012-39587-C04-02) funded this study. We thank the captains and crews of RV Hespérides in 2010-11 and 2015 for the support during the cruises, and Carlos Sánchez (ICMAN-CSIC) by laboratory work.

Background The present study was performed to determine carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa. In fisheries biology, length–weight relationships are important as they allow for the calculation, by creating a mathematical equation between the two, of the total weight of the fish in a particular group in fish. Such information is helpful for fishery scientists to research the dynamics of development and populations and for public agencies that can maintain and preserve these resources sustainably. Results A study on the carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa (Herbst, 1789) was made on the northwest coast of India for the first time. The study was based on experimental trawl fishing conducted fortnightly from August 2019 to March 2020. A total of 479 specimens, including 262 males and 217 females from fishing trawler, were examined for their carapace length and total weight. The carapace length ranged from 2.69 to 3.54 cm, and the total weight from 5.26 to 7.36 g. This analysis revealed that the crabs exhibited negative allometric development, as shown by average exponents 'b' = 2.71 for pooled data with high coefficient (r) = 0.91 and r2 = 0.83. Conclusions The carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa in relation to sex and carapace was studied in the Mumbai coastal water, India. We found major differences in the average “r2” values of species reported for males (0.89), females (0.79) and pooled data (0.83). Such kind of study is essential for fisheries biology to comprehend the differences in circumstances in small and large specimens that vary with environmental conditions and seasons.

Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 may lead to immunologic reactions activating the haemostatic system and resulting in both venous and arterial thromboembolism. Aquired autoimmune Haemophilia following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were now reported 15 to 19 days (or later) after vaccination and resolution of symptoms by adequate treatment of the immunologic reaction. From patients' point of view, anticoagulants and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines share their capacity to induce thrombosis as well as bleeding and clinicians are subjected to Scylla and Charybdis when they treat patients not only with anticoagulants but also with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Careful analysis of coincidence and causality requires attention when reporting on acquired coagulation inhibitors regarding severity, treatments, duration and statistical risk.

Considering the increasing demand and scope for aquaculture of crucifix crab Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) an attempt was made to study its intestinal bacterial diversity. The intestinal bacterial diversity of C. feriata from three different sites along the Kerala coast was examined using conventional biochemical techniques as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The total bacterial count in the intestine of C. feriata ranged from 1.5×106 to 3.2×106cfu.g-1 (colony forming unit per g tissue). The predominant isolates were genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Microbacterium and Dermacoccus . Among these two isolates one having protease and other with amylase and cellulase activity were selected for molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were identified as Microbacterium oxydans KU937308 and Dermacoccus abyssi KU937309 respectively. Since protease, amylase and cellulase are important in the areas of food processing, detergent, textile, pharmaceutical products, dairy, beverages and feed industries the isolates can be further screened for such applications. Dermacoccus abyssi has been found to be useful in biocleaning of industrial dye baths and Microbacterium oxydans in reutilization of brownseaweed waste.

Eight crab species (Eriphia verrucosa, Maja squinado, Calappa granulata, Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis, Callinectes sapidus, Atergatis roseus, Portunus segnis, Maja crispata) were sampled from Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean) between September 2017 and April 2018. Three species belong to the family of Portunidae while two Maja species represent Majidae. The other crabs represent the families of Calappidae, Xanthidae, and Eriphidae. All specimens were preserved in ethanol and were deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University (catalogue number:MEUDC-17-12-002 - MEUDC-18-12-009). Previous records of these crabs in the Mediterranean Sea were determined as their distributions were compared. All crab samples in the study are distributed in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea commonly.&nbsp

This article includes twenty (20) new records of alien and cryptogenic species in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to six (6) Phyla (Rhodophyta, Tracheophyta, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, and Chordata) distributed from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Sea of Alboran. The records are reported from nine (9) countries and can be classified into two categories: new records for the Mediterranean Sea and new records of non-indigenous species expanding within the Mediterranean Sea. The first category includes the gastropod Turbo radiatus from Lebanon coasts, the portunid crab Charybdis (Charybdis) natator from Tunis southern lagoon, the mollusc Thuridilla mazda from South Spain, and the nudibranch Okenia picoensis from the Alboran coasts of Spain and from Malta. The second category includes the bivalve Nudiscintilla cf. glabra from the Aegean coast of Turkey, the rhodophyte Colaconema codicola from the North Aegean coasts of Greece, the naked band gaper Champsodon nudivittis from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Also, the brachyuran Gonioinfradens giardi from the Greek Ionian waters, the codlet Bregmaceros nectabanus from the Croatian coasts of the Adriatic Sea, and the bryozoan Arbopercula tenella and copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris both from the Gulf of Trieste, Slovenian and Italian coasts, respectively. New records were also reported for the ascidian Distaplia bermudensis from brackish the Gulf of Naples, Italy, the damselfish Abudefduf cf. saxatilis and the seagrass Halophila stipulacea from Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea, and for the fish Paranthias furcifer from the harbour of Almeria, Alboran Sea, Spain. Through these records, an understanding of the expanding mechanisms and processes and, if possible, the development of mitigation measures within the region will be further facilitated.

Charybdis sp. (Fig. 6S) Material examined. MFM 145619 and 41 other referred specimens. Remarks. The specimens are represented only by fragment of the cheliped fixed fingers. They cannot be identified to specific level. The present genus is one of the common genera within the decapod fauna of the Pleistocene of Japan (e.g., Kato & Karasawa 1998; Karasawa et al. 2014)., Published as part of Ando, Yusuke, Kawano, Shigenori, Muramiya, Yusuke, Niiyama, Sota, Kameyama, Sohiko & Shimoyama, Shoichi, 2020, Fossil decapods from the Upper Quaternary in Shinjima Island in Kagoshima Kyushu, Japan, and description of a new species of ghost shrimp (Axiidea Eucalliacidae), pp. 523-541 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on page 535, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4425380, {"references":["Kato, H. & Karasawa, H. (1998) Pleistocene fossil decapod Crustacea from the Boso Peninsula, Japan. In: Yonebayashi, C., Yagi, R. & Harada, H. (Eds.), The Fossil Record in the Boso Peninsula, Japan. Natural History Research, Special Number 5, pp. 1 - 31.","Karasawa, H., Kobayashi, N., Goda, T., Ohira, N. & Ando, Y. (2014) A diversity for crabs (Decapoda) from the middle Pleistocene Atsumi Group, Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, 40, 55 - 73."]}

Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Figure 18I) Goniosoma hellerii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 282. Material examined. Brazil, São Paulo: 5 ♂, CCDB 2920, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba, coll. F. Mantelatto, 26.v.1998; 1 ♂, CCDB 1942, Ubatuba, Praia do Lamberto, coll. F. Mantelatto, 03.v.2007; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, CCDB 4059, Ubatuba, Praia do Lamberto, colls. M. Negri & F. Mantelatto, 22.iv.2012; 1 ♀, CCDB 1407, Ubatuba, Ilha Anchieta, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 01.i.2001; 1 ♂, CCDB 3884, Ubatuba, Saco da Ribeira, coll. F. Mantelatto, 02.ii.2001; 3 ♂, CCDB 3660, São Sebastião, Araçá mangrove, colls. F. Carvalho et al., 25.x.2011; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, CCDB 3882, Santos / São Vicente estuary, coll. R. Costa, 14.ii.2011; 1 ♂, CCDB 1459, São Vicente, Praia dos Milionários, colls. F. Zara et al., 23.x.2011; 2 ♀, CCDB 1613, Guarujá, Praia do Guaiúba, colls. A. Castilho & F. Zara, 10.viii.2011. Distribution. Western Atlantic—USA (Florida), Cuba, Colombia, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Brazil (Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina). Mediterranean Sea—Israel, Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Turkey, and Lebanon. Indo-Pacific—Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia, Australia, Hawaii, and throughout the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea (Calado 1996; Carqueija & Gouvêa 1996; Negreiros-Fransozo 1996; Tavares & Mendonça Jr. 1996; Mantelatto & Dias 1999; Coelho & Santos 2003; Tavares & Amouroux 2003; Bertini et al. 2004; Bezerra & Almeida 2005; Almeida et al. 2007b; Feres et al. 2007; Frigotto & Serafim-Junior 2007; Almeida & Coelho 2008; Lima-Júnior et al. 2008; Melo 2008; Felder et al. 2009; Musiello-Fernandes et al. 2011; Boos et al. 2012; Bentes et al. 2013; Rosa 2014; Negri et al. 2018). Remarks. Previous records in São Paulo include Ubatuba (Negreiros-Fransozo 1996; Mantelatto & Souza-Carey 1998; Mantelatto & Dias 1999; Bertini et al. 2004, 2010), Caraguatatuba (Braga et al. 2005), and São Vicente (Sant’Anna et al. 2012). It is an invasive swimming crab that has a worldwide distribution in warm waters (Tavares 2011) and its phylogenetic status, route of dispersion and colonization in America was recently clarified (Negri et al. 2018). Sequences accession number (GenBank): CCDB 4059—16S (KX060454), COI (KX060249) (Negri et al. 2018)., Published as part of Mantelatto, Fernando L., Tamburus, Ana Francisca, Magalhães, Tatiana, Buranelli, Raquel C., Terossi, Mariana, Negri, Mariana, Castilho, Antonio L., Costa, Rogério C. & Zara, Fernando J., 2020, Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4872 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4872.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423421, {"references":["Milne-Edwards, A. (1867) Descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de Crustaces Brachyures. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 4 e Serie, 7, 263 - 288.","Calado, T. C. S. (1996) Registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) em aguas do litoral brasileiro (Decapoda: Portunidae). Boletim de Estudos de Ciencias do Mar, 9, 175 - 180.","Carqueija, C. R. G. & Gouvea, E. P. (1996) A ocorrencia, na costa brasileira, de um Portunidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), originario do Indo-Pacifico e Mediterraneo. Nauplius, 4, 105 - 112.","Negreiros-Fransozo, M. L. (1996) The zoea I of Charybdis helleri (A. Milne-Eswards, 1867) (Decapoda, portunidae) obtained in laboratory. Nauplius, 4, 165 - 168.","Mantelatto, F. L. & Dias, L. L. (1999) Extension of the known distribution of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Decapoda, Portunidae) along the western tropical South Atlantic. Crustaceana, 72, 617 - 620.","Coelho, P. A. & Santos, M. C. F. (2003) Ocorrencia de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) no litoral de Pernambuco. Boletim Tecnico Cientifico CENEPE, 11 (1), 167 - 173.","Tavares, M. & Amouroux, J. M. (2003) First record of the non-indigenouscrab, Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) from French Guyana (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae). Crustaceana, 76 (5), 625 - 630. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854003322316254","Almeida, A. O., Guerrazzi, M. & Coelho, P. A. (2007 b) Stomatopod and decapod crustaceans from Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1553 (1), 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1553.1.1","Feres, S. J. C., Lopes, A. T. L. & Santos, L. A. (2007) Primeiro registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) para o litoral maranhense-Brasil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae). Boletim do Laboratorio de Hidrobiologia, 20 (1), 77 - 82.","Frigotto, S. F. & Serafim-Junior, M. (2007) Primeiro registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea) no litoral do estado do Parana. Estudos de Biologia, 29 (67), 227 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.7213 / reb. v 29 i 67.22771","Almeida, A. O. & Coelho, P. A. (2008) Estuarine and marine brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Bahia, Brazil: checklist and zoogeographical considerations. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36, 183 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3856 / vol 36 - issue 2 - fulltext- 4","Lima-Junior, T. B., Aragao, M. I. C., Silva, J. P., Melo, G. A. S. & Leite, J. R. S. A. (2008) Occurrence of two Indo-Pacific species of Brachyura on the coast of Piaui, Brazil. Boletim do Laboratorio de Hidrobiologia, 21 (1), 35 - 40.","Melo, G. A. S. (2008) The Brachyura (Decapoda) of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nauplius, 16 (1), 1 - 22.","Felder, D. L., Alvarez, F., Goy, J. W. & Lemaitre, R. (2009) Decapoda (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Amphionidacea. Gulf of Mexico Waters and Biota, 1019 - 1104.","Musiello-Fernandes, J., Vilar, C. C. & Rosa, D. M. (2011) Ocorrencia da especie exotica Charybdis hellerii Milne Edwards, 1867 (Crustacea, Portunidae) no litoral do Espirito Santo. Natureza on-line, 9 (1), 35 - 37.","Boos, H., Bond-Buckup, G., Buckup, L., Araujo, P. B., Magalhaes, C., Almerao, M. P., Santos, R. A. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2012) Checklist of the Crustacea from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Check List, 8 (6), 1020 - 1046. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.6.1020","Bentes, A. B., Lima, W. G., Fernandes, S., Paula, J. D., Silva, K., Abrunhosa, F. & Bentes, B. (2013) Occurrence of Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) in an Amazonian Estuary. Biota Amazonia, 3 (3), 181 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.18561 / 2179 - 5746 / biotaamazonia. v 3 n 3 p 181 - 184","Rosa, L. C. (2014) New records of portunid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) from Sergipe, NE Brazil. Check List, 10 (2), 445 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.2.445","Negri, M., Schubart, C. D. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2018) Tracing the introduction history of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the Western Atlantic: evidences of high genetic diversity and multiple introductions. Biological Invasions, 20, 1771 - 1798. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 018 - 1660 - 0","Braga, A. A., Fransozo, A., Bertini, G. & Fumis, P. B. (2005) Composition and abundance of the crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) off Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba, northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 5 (2), 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032005000300004","Sant'Anna, B., Watanabe, T. T., Turra, A. & Zara, F. J. (2012) Relative abundance and population biology of non-indigenous crab Charybdis hellerii (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) in a southwestern Atlantic estuary-bay complex. Aquatic Invasions, 7, 347 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2012.7.3.006"]}

The present work was designed to identify and characterize novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from Charybdis pancration (Steinh.) Speta, previously named Urginea maritima, is a Mediterranean plant, well-known for its biological properties in traditional medicine. Polypeptide-enriched extracts from different parts of the plant (roots, leaves and bulb), never studied before, were tested against two relevant pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With the aim of identifying novel natural AMPs, peptide fraction displaying antimicrobial activity (the bulb) that showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) equal to 30 &micro, g/mL against the above mentioned strains, was analysed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and database search. Seventeen peptides, related to seven proteins present in the investigated database, were described. Furthermore, we focused on three peptides, which due to their net positive charge, have a better chance to be AMPs and they were investigated by molecular modelling approaches, in order to shed light on the solution properties of their equilibrium structures. Some of new detected peptides could represent a good platform for the development of new antimicrobials in the fight against antibiotic resistance phenomenon.

This chapter summarizes the research findings presented in the chapters on national criminal policies above in this volume. It also puts forward some recommendations to national policy makers aimed at improving national criminal policies on illicit tobacco trade.

Between Scylla and Charybdis As the deaths from Covid-19 have mounted, many patients with cancer struggle to process the case fatality rate in the context of all the other statistics their oncologi...

OBJECTIVE: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip is used for the symptomatic management of mitral regurgitation (MR). The challenge is reducing MR while avoiding an elevated mitral valve gradient (MVG). This study assesses how multiple MitraClips used to treat MR can affect valve performance. METHODS: Six porcine mitral valves were assessed using an in vitro left heart simulator in the native, moderate-to-severe MR, and severe MR cases. MR cases were tested in the no-MitraClip, one-MitraClip, and two-MitraClip configurations. Mitral regurgitant fraction (MRF), MVG, and effective orifice area (EOA) were quantified. RESULTS: Native MRF, MVG, and EOA were 14.22%, 2.59 mmHg, and 1.64 cm(2), respectively. For moderate-to-severe MR, MRF, MVG, and EOA were 34.07%, 3.31 mmHg, and 2.22 cm(2), respectively. Compared to the no-MitraClip case, one MitraClip decreased MRF to 18.57% (p

Investigations were carried out to determine the nutritional profile of Indian Ocean swimming crab Charybdis smithii, which is emerging as an unconventional resource in trawl discards of India. The average protein content was 9.38 g/100 g, fat 0.86 g/100 g, ash 0.34 g/100 g, fiber 0.13 g/100 g, and carbohydrate 1.8 g/100 g. One-way analysis of variance showed no significant variations of constituents except in dry matter and carbohydrate between sexes. Macronutrients, Na (317.1, 327.6/100 g), K (148, 177.40 mg/100 g), Ca (187.90, 285.80 mg/100 g), and Mg (34.31, 41.49 mg/100 g), showed significant variation between sexes. The composition of micronutrients in male and female were Cu (0.28, 0.15 mg/100 g), Fe (0.57, 0.71 mg/100 g), and Zn (1.71, 2.75 mg/100 g). Mineral content showed significant difference between sexes. Amino acid analysis showed that 12.04 and 11.47 g/100 g essential amino acid glycine was present in male and female, respectively, and lysine concentration was 13.96 and 12.65 g/100 g, respectively. The nutritional profile of the species was determined the first time and shows that it is comparable with any other edible crabs and could be exploited as a commercial resource to supplement nutritional demand.

The article covers the position of Bulgaria, which found itself at the cross-roads of geopolitical interests of Germany and the Soviet Union in the initial period of the Second world war and was forced to employ the tactics of maneuvering and dragging its heels choosing its strategic partner and ally. Having declared complete and consistent neutrality, Bulgarian leadership in practice tended to turn the country into a «Pro-German» unit, which was greatly facilitated by the assistance of Berlin in the transfer of Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria. In addition to the willingness of the German leadership to guarantee territorial increments of Bulgaria, Sofia's position was to a great extent influenced by the fear of Bolshevism and the so-called «Baltic scenario» implemented by that time. Bulgaria's entry into the Triple Pact in March of 1941 meant that the USSR lost the diplomatic battle for Bulgaria.

International audience; This article refers to ‘Association between potassium level and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a cohort study from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry’ by L.B. Cooper et al., published in this issue on pages xxx.

Decapod assemblages in Zostera marina beds from two bays adjacent to unvegetated habitats were investigated to assess their influence on decapod assemblages. Thirty-eight decapod species belonging to four taxa were collected using a small beam trawl at four habitat types from two different locations off the coast of Namhae Island, South Korea. Dominant decapod taxon at all habitats was the caridean shrimps, with Eualus leptognathus, Heptacarpus pandaloides, Latreutes anoplonyx, La. Laminirostris, and Palaemon macrodactylus being the most abundant caridean species. Crabs were characterized with the highest biomass, but with moderate species richness and abundance. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps only accounted for &lt, 1% of the total decapod abundance. The number of species and their abundance of decapod assemblages varied greatly by habitat type, season, and diel patterns, but not diversity. Species number and abundance peaked in seagrass beds of southern exposed bays during the autumn and were lowest in unvegetated habitats during the summer months. Diel decapod catch rates were higher at night. Dense seagrass vegetation and nighttime supported higher decapod mean densities, but not species richness and diversity. Multivariate analyses revealed that habitat type and season significantly affected the structure of decapod assemblages, but diel patterns had a minor influence. Among decapod species, Pa. macrodactylus and Pugettia quadridens characterized the decapod assemblages in seagrass beds at the northern semi-closed bay, while Telmessus acutidens, Crangon affinis, Cr. hakodatei, Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica, and Portunus sanguinolentus were significantly associated with both vegetated and unvegetated habitats at the southern exposed bay, with the former two species more abundant during the colder season.

Hamid A, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Short Communication: Biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1755-1762. Data on the biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) were still very limited. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of size, growth type, sex ratio and spawning season of C. anisodon in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Crab collection was conducted from May 2013 to March 2014 using a crab gillnet. The carapace width of males and females C. anisodon ranged between 3.05-7.61 cm and 3.45-7.98 cm, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed that width and length of carapace of males and females were significantly different (p

The effectiveness of GIS-based resource mapping to strengthen the database for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM), was tested in an attempt at resolving the existing gap in the data on non-commercial resources. In this paper we describe the result of that try by giving an example of one of the most important influential species in the benthic ecosystem of the Southeast Arabian Sea (SEAS). An estimated 2803 t of Charybdis hoplites, a relatively little known species from the coast, are yearly caught and discarded by trawlers operating from the Mangalore fisheries harbour. A GIS-aided study on distribution and abundance estimated, that the average biomass of the species is 322.7 t, at any time in the area covered. This study brings out the fact that a number of non-commercial biota are serving as non-detectable factors in sustaining productivity. The identification of their role and the quantification of their biomass thus constitute important data for an effective implementation of EBFM.

The spatiotemporal distribution and ecology of the suprabenthic and benthic mega-crustaceans were studied in the shelf-shelf break of Turkish waters of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Antalya Gulf). Sampling was conducted seasonally in May 2014, August, October, and February 2015 using an otter trawl at depths of 10, 25, 75, 125 and 200 m along three transects. A total of 59 species were identified comprising 53 decapods (Eumalacostraca: Eucarida), 3 isopods (Eumalacostraca: Peracarida), and 3 stomatopods (Hoplocarida). Eighteen of the total identifiable species were invasive, and some of them significantly influenced the crustacean community structure. Parapenaeus longirostris, Pagurus prideaux, Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis and Medorippe lanata were the most common species. Parasquilla ferussaci was reported for the first time in Turkish water of the Levantine Sea. Community structure showed seasonal patterns and differed along the depth gradient of habitat heterogeneity. The megabenthic crustacean assemblage was driven mainly by seafloor depth and was related to the fishing disturbance in the area (fishing/no-fishing zones). Environmental parameters were measured for each sample and tested in relationship to crustacean abundance by multivariate analysis CCA (canonical correspondence analysis). The results revealed significant differences in community structure related to substrate and the fine fraction of the bioseston.