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Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients over 65, with poorer outcomes demonstrated in rural versus metropolitan areas. The aim of this study was to compare the in-hospital and post-discharge management of ADHF patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals in Victoria. Methods: Data from the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry, Heart Failure (VCOR-HF) project was used. This was a prospective, observational, non-randomised study of consecutive patients admitted to participating hospitals in Victoria, Australia, with ADHF as their primary diagnosis over four 30-day periods during consecutive years. All patients were followed up for 30 days post discharge. Results: 1,357 patients (1,260 metropolitan, 97 rural) were admitted to study hospitals with ADHF during the study periods. Cohorts were similar in age (average 76.87±13.12 yrs) and percentage of male gender (56.4% overall). Metropolitan patients were more likely to have diabetes (44.4% vs 34.0%, p=0.046), kidney disease (65.8% vs 37.1%, p<0.01) and anaemia (31.9% vs 19.6%, p=0.01). There was no significant difference in length of stay between metropolitan and rural patients (7.49 vs 6.37 days, p=0.12). There was no significant difference between metropolitan and rural patients in 30-day rehospitalisations (19.1% vs 11.6%, p=0.07, respectively) and all-cause 30-day mortality (8.2% vs 4.1%, p=0.15, respectively). Metropolitan patients were significantly more likely to have seen their general practitioner (GP) (68.1% vs 53.2%, p<0.01) or attend an outpatient clinic (35.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.01) by 30 days. There was no significant difference in number of days to follow-up of any kind between groups. Referrals to a heart failure home visiting program remained low overall (19.9%). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in 30-day rehospitalisations or mortality between patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals. Geographica

This study aimed to examine whether pulmonary function and cognition are independently associated at multiple time points. We included 8264 participants (49.9% women) aged 50-94 years at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in our analysis. Participants were enrolled in 2011 and followed up in 2013 and 2015. Cognitive function was assessed through a face-to-face interview in each survey. Pulmonary function was assessed via peak expiratory flow. Pulmonary function and cognitive function decreased significantly with age in both genders. Individuals in quintile 5 of pulmonary function had a relative increase in immediate memory (beta (95% CI): 0.19 (0.09, 0.30)) and delayed memory (0.16 (0.04, 0.28)) during follow-up compared with those in quintile 1. In the repeated-measures analysis, each standard deviation increment of pulmonary function was associated with a 0.44 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.53), 0.12 (0.09, 0.15), 0.12 (0.08, 0.16), 0.08 (0.06, 0.11), and 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) higher increase in global cognitive score, immediate memory, delayed memory, orientation and subtraction calculation, respectively. The inverse association between pulmonary function and cognitive decline during follow-up was more evident in women (P for interaction=0.0333), low educated individuals (P for interaction=0.0002), or never smokers (P for interaction=0.0412). In conclusion, higher baseline pulmonary function was independently associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults. The positive association between pulmonary function and cognition was stronger in women, lower educated individuals, or never smokers.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

This study aimed to examine whether pulmonary function and cognition are independently associated at multiple time points. We included 8264 participants (49.9% women) aged 50-94 years at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in our analysis. Participants were enrolled in 2011 and followed up in 2013 and 2015. Cognitive function was assessed through a face-to-face interview in each survey. Pulmonary function was assessed via peak expiratory flow. Pulmonary function and cognitive function decreased significantly with age in both genders. Individuals in quintile 5 of pulmonary function had a relative increase in immediate memory (beta [95% CI]: 0.19 [0.09, 0.30]) and delayed memory (0.16 [0.04, 0.28]) during follow-up compared with those in quintile 1. In the repeated-measures analysis, each standard deviation increment of pulmonary function was associated with a 0.44 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.53), 0.12 (0.09, 0.15), 0.12 (0.08, 0.16), 0.08 (0.06, 0.11), and 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) higher increase in global cognitive score, immediate memory, delayed memory, orientation, and subtraction calculation, respectively. The inverse association between pulmonary function and cognitive decline during follow-up was more evident in women (p for interaction = .0333), low-educated individuals (p for interaction = .0002), or never smokers (p for interaction = .0412). In conclusion, higher baseline pulmonary function was independently associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults. The positive association between pulmonary function and cognition was stronger in women, lower-educated individuals, or never smokers.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients over 65, with poorer outcomes demonstrated in rural versus metropolitan areas. The aim of this study was to compare the in-hospital and post-discharge management of ADHF patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals in Victoria. Method(s): Data from the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry, Heart Failure (VCOR-HF) project was used. This was a prospective, observational, non-randomised study of consecutive patients admitted to participating hospitals in Victoria, Australia, with ADHF as their primary diagnosis over four 30-day periods during consecutive years. All patients were followed up for 30 days post discharge. Result(s): 1,357 patients (1,260 metropolitan, 97 rural) were admitted to study hospitals with ADHF during the study periods. Cohorts were similar in age (average 76.87+/-13.12 years) and percentage of male gender (56.4% overall). Metropolitan patients were more likely to have diabetes (44.4% vs 34.0%, p=0.046), kidney disease (65.8% vs 37.1%, p<0.01) and anaemia (31.9% vs 19.6%, p=0.01). There was no significant difference in length of stay between metropolitan and rural patients (7.49 vs 6.37 days, p=0.12). There was no significant difference between metropolitan and rural patients in 30-day rehospitalisations (19.1% vs 11.6%, p=0.07, respectively) and all-cause 30-day mortality (8.2% vs 4.1%, p=0.15, respectively). Metropolitan patients were significantly more likely to have seen their general practitioner (GP) (68.1% vs 53.2%, p<0.01) or attend an outpatient clinic (35.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.01) by 30 days. There was no significant difference in number of days to follow-up of any kind between groups. Referrals to a heart failure home visiting program remained low overall (19.9%). Conclusion(s): There was no significant difference in 30-day rehospitalisations or mortality between patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals.

This study aimed to examine whether pulmonary function and cognition are independently associated at multiple time points. We included 8264 participants (49.9% women) aged 50-94 years at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in our analysis. Participants were enrolled in 2011 and followed up in 2013 and 2015. Cognitive function was assessed through a face-to-face interview in each survey. Pulmonary function was assessed via peak expiratory flow. Pulmonary function and cognitive function decreased significantly with age in both genders. Individuals in quintile 5 of pulmonary function had a relative increase in immediate memory (beta (95% CI): 0.19 (0.09, 0.30)) and delayed memory (0.16 (0.04, 0.28)) during follow-up compared with those in quintile 1. In the repeated-measures analysis, each standard deviation increment of pulmonary function was associated with a 0.44 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.53), 0.12 (0.09, 0.15), 0.12 (0.08, 0.16), 0.08 (0.06, 0.11), and 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) higher increase in global cognitive score, immediate memory, delayed memory, orientation and subtraction calculation, respectively. The inverse association between pulmonary function and cognitive decline during follow-up was more evident in women (P for interaction=0.0333), low educated individuals (P for interaction=0.0002), or never smokers (P for interaction=0.0412). In conclusion, higher baseline pulmonary function was independently associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults. The positive association between pulmonary function and cognition was stronger in women, lower educated individuals, or never smokers.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

This study aimed to examine whether pulmonary function and cognition are independently associated at multiple time points. We included 8264 participants (49.9% women) aged 50-94 years at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in our analysis. Participants were enrolled in 2011 and followed up in 2013 and 2015. Cognitive function was assessed through a face-to-face interview in each survey. Pulmonary function was assessed via peak expiratory flow. Pulmonary function and cognitive function decreased significantly with age in both genders. Individuals in quintile 5 of pulmonary function had a relative increase in immediate memory (beta [95% CI]: 0.19 [0.09, 0.30]) and delayed memory (0.16 [0.04, 0.28]) during follow-up compared with those in quintile 1. In the repeated-measures analysis, each standard deviation increment of pulmonary function was associated with a 0.44 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.53), 0.12 (0.09, 0.15), 0.12 (0.08, 0.16), 0.08 (0.06, 0.11), and 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) higher increase in global cognitive score, immediate memory, delayed memory, orientation, and subtraction calculation, respectively. The inverse association between pulmonary function and cognitive decline during follow-up was more evident in women (p for interaction = .0333), low-educated individuals (p for interaction = .0002), or never smokers (p for interaction = .0412). In conclusion, higher baseline pulmonary function was independently associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults. The positive association between pulmonary function and cognition was stronger in women, lower-educated individuals, or never smokers.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients over 65, with poorer outcomes demonstrated in rural versus metropolitan areas. The aim of this study was to compare the in-hospital and post-discharge management of ADHF patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals in Victoria. Method(s): Data from the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry, Heart Failure (VCOR-HF) project was used. This was a prospective, observational, non-randomised study of consecutive patients admitted to participating hospitals in Victoria, Australia, with ADHF as their primary diagnosis over four 30-day periods during consecutive years. All patients were followed up for 30 days post discharge. Result(s): 1,357 patients (1,260 metropolitan, 97 rural) were admitted to study hospitals with ADHF during the study periods. Cohorts were similar in age (average 76.87+/-13.12 years) and percentage of male gender (56.4% overall). Metropolitan patients were more likely to have diabetes (44.4% vs 34.0%, p=0.046), kidney disease (65.8% vs 37.1%, p<0.01) and anaemia (31.9% vs 19.6%, p=0.01). There was no significant difference in length of stay between metropolitan and rural patients (7.49 vs 6.37 days, p=0.12). There was no significant difference between metropolitan and rural patients in 30-day rehospitalisations (19.1% vs 11.6%, p=0.07, respectively) and all-cause 30-day mortality (8.2% vs 4.1%, p=0.15, respectively). Metropolitan patients were significantly more likely to have seen their general practitioner (GP) (68.1% vs 53.2%, p<0.01) or attend an outpatient clinic (35.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.01) by 30 days. There was no significant difference in number of days to follow-up of any kind between groups. Referrals to a heart failure home visiting program remained low overall (19.9%). Conclusion(s): There was no significant difference in 30-day rehospitalisations or mortality between patients admitted to rural versus metropolitan hospitals.

Introduction: Coronary angiogram, while a powerful diagnostic tool in coronary artery disease, is not without an associated risk from ionising radiation. There are a number of factors that influence the amount of radiation the patient receives during the procedure, some of which are under the control of the operator. One of these is an adjustment of the fluoroscopic pulse rate. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using ultra-low pulse rate (3 pulses per second(pps)) fluoroscopy during routine diagnostic coronary angiogram procedures and the effect it has on fluoroscopy time, diagnostic clarity and radiation dose. Method(s): A retrospective study of three operators each undertaking 50 coronary angiogram procedures was performed. One of the operators used a pulse rate of 3 pps and 6 pps for fluoroscopic screening while the control groups used the standard 10 pps mode utilised at this centre. Result(s): Results demonstrated no reduction of diagnostic clarity, up to a 58% reduction in Dose Area Product and no increase in fluoroscopy time with the 3 pps setting. Conclusion(s): Findings from this pilot study suggest that utilisation of ultra-low pulse rate fluoroscopy in routine transfemoral diagnostic coronary angiography in the catheterisation laboratory is feasible.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy and New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology

Introduction: Coronary angiogram, while a powerful diagnostic tool in coronary artery disease, is not without an associated risk from ionising radiation. There are a number of factors that influence the amount of radiation the patient receives during the procedure, some of which are under the control of the operator. One of these is an adjustment of the fluoroscopic pulse rate. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using ultra-low pulse rate (3 pulses per second(pps)) fluoroscopy during routine diagnostic coronary angiogram procedures and the effect it has on fluoroscopy time, diagnostic clarity and radiation dose. Method(s): A retrospective study of three operators each undertaking 50 coronary angiogram procedures was performed. One of the operators used a pulse rate of 3 pps and 6 pps for fluoroscopic screening while the control groups used the standard 10 pps mode utilised at this centre. Result(s): Results demonstrated no reduction of diagnostic clarity, up to a 58% reduction in Dose Area Product and no increase in fluoroscopy time with the 3 pps setting. Conclusion(s): Findings from this pilot study suggest that utilisation of ultra-low pulse rate fluoroscopy in routine transfemoral diagnostic coronary angiography in the catheterisation laboratory is feasible.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy and New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology