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Pareena Chaitanuwong,1,2 Supharat Jariyakosol,3,4 Supanut Apinyawasisuk,3,4 Parima Hirunwiwatkul,3,4 Hathairat Lawanlattanagul,3,4 Solaphat Hemrungrojn,5,6 Yuda Chongpison7 1Ophthalmology Department, Rajavithi Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Ophthalmology Department, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; 5Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 6Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 7Biostatistics Excellence Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Supharat Jariyakosol, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Email supharat.j@chula.ac.thPurpose: To identify ophthalmic findings in Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) compared to normal subjects.Patients and Methods: This comparative descriptive study included participants from the institution’s cognitive fitness center. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to analyze retinal thickness and vascular density. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and tear breakup time (TBUT) were used to assess dry eye. The blink rate was counted by a well-trained observer. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE) score. Correlation analysis was performed to compare OCT, OCTA parameters, and TMSE.Results: We included 24 ATD patients and 39 normal participants as a control group by age and sex-matched. The prevalence of dry eye using the Asia Dry Eye Society criteria

Supaporn Srithawatpong,1,2 Pareena Chaitanuwong,1,2 Yosanan Yospaiboon3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandCorrespondence: Yosanan Yospaiboon, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparb Highway, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Tel +66-4336-3010, Fax +66-4334-8383, Email yyosanan@gmail.comPurpose: To study visual recovery and identify the factors that may affect it in patients with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON).Patients and Methods: Medical charts of patients who developed optic neuropathy after ethambutol (EMB) treatment for tuberculosis infection were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic details and clinical data were examined to assess visual recovery after discontinuation of ethambutol treatment. The univariate and multivariate relationships between various factors and visual recovery were evaluated using regression analysis.Results: Of 5394 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis infection and treated with EMB, 23 patients (0.43%) were diagnosed with EON. Logistic regression analysis found that female sex was the categorical factor significantly associated with good visual recovery with an odds ratio of 12.0 (95% confidence interval 1.56, 92.29; p = 0.02), while linear regression analysis identified good initial visual acuity as the numerical factor significantly related with it (p < 0.001). After adjustment with multivariate analysis, initial visual acuity was found to be the only significant factor associated with visual recovery. All patients with initial visual acuity of better than 20/200 at first visit achieved good visual recovery.Conclusion: The incidence of EON in patients treated with EMB was 0.43% in this hospital-based study. Good visual recovery was noted in 3