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1. Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade

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V. Piergotti, F. Pesamosca, Bogdan Hnat, A. Sperduti, A. Krivska, J. Vicente, Panagiotis Tolias, Emanuele Poli, Matthias Hoelzl, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, J. Ayllon-Guerola, G. Apruzzese, T. Lunt, J. Galdon-Quiroga, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, T. Jonsson, Bruce Lipschultz, P. Innocente, A. Gude, I Miron, M. G. Dunne, G. F. Harrer, A. Moro, A. Iantchenko, K. Galazka, P. Poloskei, K. Bogar, Roberto Ambrosino, G. Ferr, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Istvan Cziegler, L. Guimarais, S. Vartanian, B. Erds, G. Pucella, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Raffaele Albanese, Harry M. Meyer, D. Boeyaert, G. F. Matthews, Eva Macusova, V. S. Marchenko, R. Zagórski, J. Buermans, A. Fil, W. Zhang, Giuseppe Gorini, B. Tal, D. Zaloga, Hugo Bufferand, A. Romano, L. Colas, J. Zebrowski, M. Weiland, L. Barrera-Orte, Matjaž Panjan, A.J. Thornton, E. Wolfrum, Miglena Dimitrova, R. M. McDermott, R. Lombroni, O. Tudisco, F. Reimold, E. R. Solano, X. Feng, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, E. Alessi, D. S. Gahle, Olivier Février, I. Voitsekhovitch, Matthew Carr, A. Bock, O. Vasilovici, C. Ham, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, Pierre Manas, S. Costea, A. Kirk, F. Causa, J. Adamek, Vu N. M. T., M. Cavedon, O. Grover, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Spolaore, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, P. Bohm, P. V. Kazantzidis, Sarah Newton, M. Tomes, M.-L. Mayoral, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, H. Reimerdes, Jorge Morales, D. Brunetti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Tomas Markovic, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, J. Juul Rasmussen, F. Janky, S. Saarelma, Z. Popovic, C. Tsironis, J. J. Rasmussen, S. K. Hansen, Sandra C. Chapman, Volker Naulin, H. Arnichand, Roberto Paccagnella, M. Faitsch, Anders Nielsen, M. Kong, V. Igochine, C. Piron, C. Bowman, Jorge Ferreira, D. Sytnykov, K. G. McClements, Olivier Sauter, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, T. Ravensbergen, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Dirk Reiser, M. Bernert, M. Vallar, J-M Moret, M. Gruca, D. I. Refy, P. Cano Megias, Benoit Labit, M. Schubert, Giuliana Sias, O. Bogar, P. J. Mc Carthy, I. Faust, Gergely Papp, F. Matos, J. Garcia, C. Marini, E. L. Sorokovoy, Dimitri Voltolina, George Wilkie, J. M. Santos, R. R. Sheeba, Vladimir Weinzettl, Sergei Kasilov, J. Cerovsky, Matteo Agostini, G. Tardini, Laurie Porte, F. Dolizy, L. Gil, Matthias Komm, A. Dal Molin, B. Sieglin, Roch Kwiatkowski, M. C. C Messmer, Toke Koldborg Jensen, Vinodh Bandaru, Ben F. McMillan, Alessandra Fanni, Daniele Carnevale, Shimpei Futatani, D. P. Coster, V. Korovin, S. E. Sharapov, Patrik Ollus, J. Gath, A. Czarnecka, D. Gallart, M. Peterka, P. Vallejos Olivares, Jernej Kovacic, Nicolas Fedorczak, Silvio Ceccuzzi, L. Piron, J. Rosato, G. Kocsis, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Garcia-Mu oz, Radomir Panek, S. F. Smith, Paolo Bettini, A. Mariani, R. Dejarnac, Lorenzo Frassinetti, D. Douai, L. Garzotti, H. J. Sun, C.K. Tsui, N. den Harder, John Elmerdahl Olsen, F. Bombarda, M. Francesco, Piero Martin, D. Hogeweij, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, Gabor Por, Luca Boncagni, Carlo Sozzi, Martin Hron, P. A. Schneider, V. P. Loschiavo, David Terranova, D. Aguiam, D. Choi, M. Gobbin, D. Iglesias, M. Reich, G. Avdeeva, A. Gallo, O. Biletskyi, M. Aradi, F. Liu, M. Griener, Antti Snicker, L. Kripner, Jérôme Bucalossi, L. Hesslow, Nick Walkden, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, F. Jaulmes, G. Calabr, G.A. Rattá, W. Bin, S. Garavaglia, V. Plyusnin, Andreas Frank Martitsch, A. Zisis, Rita Lorenzini, Duccio Testa, M. Passeri, Ola Embréus, N. Krawczyk, K. Särkimäki, Davide Galassi, D. Samaddar, M. Oberkofler, E. Seliunin, D. Brida, P. Buratti, F. Nabais, J. Ongena, J. Likonen, Yann Camenen, M. J. Mantsinen, F. Carpanese, S. Wiesen, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Florian Laggner, R. Bilato, M. Wischmeier, L. Pigatto, G. I. Pokol, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, D. Gadariya, L. Stipani, Christian Theiler, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Timothy Goodman, R. D. Nem, J. J. Dominguez-Palacios Duran, F. Militello, Y. Kulyk, D. J. Cruz Zabala, A. Drenik, P. Manz, M. Scheffer, V. Pericoli Radolfini, B. Tilia, John Omotani, B. Vanovac, B. S. Schneider, E. Fable, Jakub Urban, T. Gyergyek, A. N. Karpushov, M. Farnik, Jakub Seidl, Christopher G. Albert, Antoine Merle, A. Cathey, D. A. Ryan, Sergio Galeani, R. Scannell, A. Havranek, G. de Carolis, C. Soria-Hoyo, S. Gibson, D. Carralero, D. Meshcheriakov, Morten Stejner, B. P. Duval, Francesco Cordella, Mitja Kelemen, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Stefano Coda, L. Calacci, C. Cianfarani, Faa Federico Felici, A. C. A. Figueiredo, L. Panaccione, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Daniele Milanesio, Winfried Kernbichler, Mario Sassano, A. Teplukhina, S. Zoletnik, L. Laguardia, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, P. Zanca, Daniel Dunai, S. Feng, J. Decker, Stylianos Varoutis, Lorella Carraro, M. Wensing, Gustavo Granucci, Artur Palha, A. Kappatou, J. Garcia-Lopez, Felix I. Parra, Ye. O. Kazakov, S. Brezinsek, Didier Mazon, A. Lahtinen, I. Paradela Perez, P. Chmielewski, L. Giacomelli, Alessandro Pau, Gianluca Spizzo, R. Delogu, R. J. Akers, H. De Oliveira, Petr Vondracek, F. P. Orsitto, J. Hobirk, L. Xiang, A. Burckhart, B. Maljaars, V. Petrzilka, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, P. David, D. Grekov, Tamás Szepesi, Y. Andr be, P. Hacek, M. Toscano-Jimenez, T. Pütterich, L. Cordaro, V. Nikolaeva, F. Orain, M. Rabinski, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, T. Tala, Maria Ester Puiatti, A. Casolari, T. Happel, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, P. Mantica, Z. Huang, D. Colette, G. Ciraolo, Jan Mlynar, W. Suttrop, C. Meineri, J. Horacek, Seppo Sipilä, M. Gospodarczyk, S. Mastrostefano, Jesús Vega, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, M. Willensdorfer, Jari Varje, D. C. van Vugt, J. Faustin, Mathias Hoppe, M. Dreval, A. Perek, C. Angioni, Laure Vermare, U. A. Sheikh, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rubino, S.N. Reznik, Tsv K Popov, S. Nowak, A. S. Jacobsen, J. R. Martin Solis, David Moulton, Heinz Isliker, K. Wu, Anna Salmi, F. Nespoli, S. Elmore, O. Kudlacek, A. Kallenbach, Rok Zaplotnik, D. L. Keeling, L. Giannone, M. Maraschek, Carlos B. da Silva, F. Hitzler, M. Valovic, M. W. Jakubowski, L. Gabellieri, Jozef Varju, Marco Cecconello, M. Valisa, Vlado Menkovski, Gábor Cseh, E. Thoren, T. Eich, R. Coelho, F. Bagnato, Matteo Zuin, Alexander Kendl, G. Rocchi, G. Pautasso, D. Naydenkova, R. O. Pavlichenko, M. Fontana, Lionello Marrelli, Tommaso Bolzonella, Nicola Vianello, Pascale Hennequin, R. Ochoukov, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, Ch. Fuchs, E. Giovannozzi, Fulvio Auriemma, Roberto Maurizio, Stefan Buller, Massimo Nocente, K. Krieger, G. Grenfell, N. Rispoli, R. Dux, Barbara Cannas, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Labit, B., Eich, T., Harrer, G. F., Wolfrum, E., Bernert, M., Dunne, M. G., Frassinetti, L., Hennequin, P., Maurizio, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Saarelma, S., Sheikh, U., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Albert, C., Alessi, E., Ambrosino, R., Andr be, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Aradi, M., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Avdeeva, G., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Bandaru, V. K., Barnes, M., Barrera-Orte, L., Bettini, P., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Boeyaert, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brunetti, D., Bucalossi, J., Buchanan, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Calabr, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Cannas, B., Cano Megias, P., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Cathey, A., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cerovsky, J., Chapman, S., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Colas, L., Colette, D., Cordaro, L., Cordella, F., Costea, S., Coster, D., Cruz Zabala, D. J., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., Dal Molin, A., David, P., De Carolis, G., De Oliveira, H., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delogu, R., Den Harder, N., Dimitrova, M., Dolizy, F., Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J. J., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Erds, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Farnik, M., Faust, I., Faustin, J., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferreira, J., Ferr, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Francesco, M., Fuchs, C., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gadariya, D., Gahle, D., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Mu oz, M., Garzotti, L., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Gibson, S., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Gonzalez-Martin, J., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Grekov, D., Grenfell, G., Griener, M., Groth, M., Grover, O., Gruca, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Gyergyek, T., Hacek, P., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Havranek, A., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hesslow, L., Hitzler, F., Hnat, B., Hobirk, J., Hoelzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Hron, M., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Iglesias, D., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A., Jakubowski, M., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jensen, T., Jonsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, P. V., Keeling, D., Kelemen, M., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kocsis, G., Komm, M., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Krieger, K., Kripner, L., Krivska, A., Kudlacek, O., Kulyk, Y., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Laggner, F., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lang, P., Likonen, J., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Lombroni, R., Lorenzini, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maljaars, B., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Marchenko, V., Marchetto, C., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, P., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Matos, F., Matthews, G., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mc Carthy, P., Mcclements, K., Mcdermott, R., Mcmillan, B., Meineri, C., Menkovski, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Messmer, M., Micheletti, D., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Nabais, F., Naulin, V., Naydenkova, D., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Newton, S., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Ochoukov, R., Ollus, P., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., Ongena, J., Orain, F., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Panaccione, L., Panek, R., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Parra, F., Passeri, M., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Perek, A., Pericoli Radolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Peterka, M., Petrzilka, V., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Piron, L., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Poloskei, P., Popov, T., Popovic, Z., Por, G., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravensbergen, T., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reznik, S., Ricci, D., Rispoli, N., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Romano, A., Rosato, J., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ryan, D. A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sarkimaki, K., Sassano, M., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, B. S., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Seidl, J., Seliunin, E., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Sipila, S., Smith, S., Snicker, A., Solano, E. R., Hansen, S. K., Soria-Hoyo, C., Sorokovoy, E., Sozzi, C., Sperduti, A., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stipani, L., Stober, J., Strand, P., Sun, H., Suttrop, W., Sytnykov, D., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thoren, E., Thornton, A., Tilia, B., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Toscano-Jimenez, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van Vugt, D., Vanovac, B., Varje, J., Varju, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Voltolina, D., Vondracek, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Wensing, M., Wiesen, S., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Xiang, L., Zagorski, R., Zaloga, D., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zebrowski, J., Zhang, W., Zisis, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Vienna University of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Université Paris-Saclay, JET, Czech Academy of Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, University of Lisbon, University of Naples Federico II, Graz University of Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, University of Seville, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, CEA, University of York, Royal Military Academy, Chalmers University of Technology, Tuscia University, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, CNRS, University of Cagliari, CIEMAT, Uppsala University, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Innsbruck, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Durham University, BarcelonaTech, University of Strathclyde, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University of Milan - Bicocca, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fusion and Plasma Physics, J. Stefan Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National Technical University of Athens, National Centre for Nuclear Research, University of Helsinki, Université Côte d'Azur, Polytechnic University of Turin, NASU - Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University College Cork, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Ghent University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Labit, B, Eich, T, Harrer, G, Wolfrum, E, Bernert, M, Dunne, M, Frassinetti, L, Hennequin, P, Maurizio, R, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Saarelma, S, Sheikh, U, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Aguiam, D, Akers, R, Albanese, R, Albert, C, Alessi, E, Ambrosino, R, Andr be, Y, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Aradi, M, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Avdeeva, G, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Bandaru, V, Barnes, M, Barrera-Orte, L, Bettini, P, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Boeyaert, D, Bogar, K, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Boncagni, L, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brunetti, D, Bucalossi, J, Buchanan, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Calabr, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Cano Megias, P, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cerovsky, J, Chapman, S, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Colas, L, Colette, D, Cordaro, L, Cordella, F, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Carolis, G, De Oliveira, H, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Delogu, R, Den Harder, N, Dimitrova, M, Dolizy, F, Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Duval, B, Dux, R, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Erds, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fanni, A, Farnik, M, Faust, I, Faustin, J, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferr, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Francesco, M, Fuchs, C, Futatani, S, Gabellieri, L, Gadariya, D, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Lopez, J, Garcia-Mu oz, M, Garzotti, L, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giacomelli, L, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Gonzalez-Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Grekov, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gyergyek, T, Hacek, P, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Havranek, A, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hesslow, L, Hitzler, F, Hnat, B, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hogeweij, D, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Hron, M, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Iglesias, D, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jakubowski, M, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jonsson, T, Kallenbach, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kelemen, M, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kocsis, G, Komm, M, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Krieger, K, Kripner, L, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kulyk, Y, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Laggner, F, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Likonen, J, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Lombroni, R, Lorenzini, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maljaars, B, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchenko, V, Marchetto, C, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martin Solis, J, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Matos, F, Matthews, G, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mc Carthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcdermott, R, Mcmillan, B, Meineri, C, Menkovski, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Messmer, M, Micheletti, D, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Miron, I, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Naydenkova, D, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Newton, S, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Ollus, P, Olsen, J, Omotani, J, Ongena, J, Orain, F, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Panaccione, L, Panek, R, Panjan, M, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Parra, F, Passeri, M, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Radolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Peterka, M, Petrzilka, V, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Piron, L, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Poloskei, P, Popov, T, Popovic, Z, Por, G, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravensbergen, T, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reznik, S, Ricci, D, Rispoli, N, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Romano, A, Rosato, J, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ryan, D, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samaddar, D, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Scheffer, M, Schneider, B, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Seidl, J, Seliunin, E, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silva, C, Sipila, S, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Hansen, S, Soria-Hoyo, C, Sorokovoy, E, Sozzi, C, Sperduti, A, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stipani, L, Stober, J, Strand, P, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytnykov, D, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Tilia, B, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Toscano-Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tudisco, O, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Valovic, M, Van Vugt, D, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Varju, J, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weinzettl, V, Wensing, M, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Xiang, L, Zagorski, R, Zaloga, D, Zanca, P, Zaplotnik, R, Zebrowski, J, Zhang, W, Zisis, A, Zoletnik, S, Zuin, M, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Data Mining, Sensorics for fusion reactors, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Settore ING-INF/04, Work package, grassy ELM, ballooning modes, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, Ballooning, 010305 fluids & plasmas, grassy ELMs, separatrix density, ASDEX Upgrade, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Edge-localized mode, QC, H-mode, plasma triangularity, type-II ELMs, Physics, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], type-II ELM, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Null (physics), Shear (sheet metal), Física nuclear, Atomic physics, ballooning mode
Abstract

Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened. Peer Reviewed Article escrit per 365 autors/autores: Labit, B.; Eich, T.; Harrer, G. F.; Wolfrum, E.; Bernert, M.; Dunne, M. G.; Frassinetti, L.; Hennequin, P.; Maurizio, R.; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Saarelma, S.; Sheikh, U.; Adamek, J.; Agostini, M.; Aguiam, D.; Akers, R.; Albanese, R.; Albert, C.; Alessi, E.; Ambrosino, R.; Andr be, Y.; Angioni, C.; Apruzzese, G.; Aradi, M.; Arnichand, H.; Auriemma, F.; Avdeeva, G.; Ayllon-Guerola, J. M.; Bagnato, F.; Bandaru, V. K.; Barnes, M.; Barrera-Orte, L.; Bettini, P.; Bilato, R.; Biletskyi, O.; Bilkova, P.; Bin, W.; Blanchard, P.; Blanken, T.; Bobkov, V.; Bock, A.; Boeyaert, D.; Bogar, K.; Bogar, O.; Bohm, P.; Bolzonella, T.; Bombarda, F.; Boncagni, L.; Bouquey, F.; Bowman, C.; Brezinsek, S.; Brida, D.; Brunetti, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buermans, J.; Bufferand, H.; Buller, S.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Calabr, G.; Calacci, L.; Camenen, Y.; Cannas, B.; Cano Megías, P.; Carnevale, D.; Carpanese, F.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Casolari, A.; Cathey, A.; Causa, F.; Cavedon, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cerovsky, J.; Chapman, S.; Chmielewski, P.; Choi, D.; Cianfarani, C.; Ciraolo, G.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Colas, L.; Colette, D.; Cordaro, L.; Cordella, F.; Costea, S.; Coster, D.; Cruz Zabala, D. J.; Cseh, G.; Czarnecka, A.; Cziegler, I.; D’Arcangelo, O.; Dal Molin, A.; David, P.; De Carolis, G.; De Oliveira, H.; Decker, J.; Dejarnac, R.; Delogu, R.; Den Harder, N.; Dimitrova, M.; Dolizy, F.; Domínguez-Palacios Durán, J. J.; Douai, D.; Drenik, A.; Dreval, M.; Dudson, B.; Dunai, D.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Elmore, S.; Embréus, O.; Erds, B.; Fable, E.; Faitsch, M.; Fanni, A.; Farnik, M.; Faust, I.; Faustin, J.; Fedorczak, N.; Felici, F.; Feng, S.; Feng, X.; Ferreira, J.; Ferr, G.; Février, O.; Ficker, O.; Figini, L.; Figueiredo, A.; Fil, A.; Fontana, M.; Francesco, M.; Fuchs, C.; Futatani, S.; Gabellieri, L.; Gadariya, D.; Gahle, D.; Galassi, D.; Gałązka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Galeani, S.; Gallart, D.; Gallo, A.; Galperti, C.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Lopez, J.; Garcia-Mu oz, M.; Garzotti, L.; Gath, J.; Geiger, B.; Giacomelli, L.; Giannone, L.; Gibson, S.; Gil, L.; Giovannozzi, E.; Giruzzi, G.; Gobbin, M.; Gonzalez-Martin, J.; Goodman, T. P.; Gorini, G.; Gospodarczyk, M.; Granucci, G.; Grekov, D. 1; Grenfell, G.; Griener, M.; Groth, M.; Grover, O.; Gruca, M.; Gude, A.; Guimarais, L.; Gyergyek, T.; Hacek, P.; Hakola, A.; Ham, C.; Happel, T.; Harrison, J.; Havranek, A.; Hawke, J.; Henderson, S.; Hesslow, L.; Hitzler, F.; Hnat, B.; Hobirk, J.; Hoelzl, M.; Hogeweij, D.; Hopf, C.; Hoppe, M.; Horacek, J.; Hron, M.; Huang, Z.; Iantchenko, A.; Iglesias, D.; Igochine, V.; Innocente, P.; Ionita-Schrittwieser, C.; Isliker, H.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jacobsen, A.; Jakubowski, M.; Janky, F.; Jardin, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jensen, T.; Jonsson, T.; Kallenbach, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karpushov, A.; Kasilov, S.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, P. V.; Keeling, D.; Kelemen, M.; Kendl, A.; Kernbichler, W.; Kirk, A.; Kocsis, G.; Komm, M.; Kong, M.; Korovin, V.; Koubiti, M.; Kovacic, J.; Krawczyk, N.; Krieger, K.; Kripner, L.; Křivská, A.; Kudlacek, O.; Kulyk, Y.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwiatkowski, R.; Laggner, F.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Lang, P.; Likonen, J.; Lipschultz, B.; Liu, F.; Lombroni, R.; Lorenzini, R.; Loschiavo, V. P.; Lunt, T.; MacUsova, E.; Madsen, J.; Maggiora, R.; Maljaars, B.; Manas, P.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Manz, P.; Maraschek, M.; Marchenko, V.; Marchetto, C.; Mariani, A.; Marini, C.; Markovic, T.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.; Martín Solís, J. R.; Martitsch, A.; Mastrostefano, S.; Matos, F.; Matthews, G.; Mayoral, M.-L.; Mazon, D.; Mazzotta, C.; Mc Carthy, P.; McClements, K.; McDermott, R.; McMillan, B.; Meineri, C.; Menkovski, V.; Meshcheriakov, D.; Messmer, M.; Micheletti, D.; Milanesio, D.; Militello, F.; Miron, I. G.; Mlynar, J.; Moiseenko, V.; Molina Cabrera, P. A.; Morales, J.; Moret, J.-M.; Moro, A.; Moulton, D.; Nabais, F.; Naulin, V.; Naydenkova, D.; Nem, R. D.; Nespoli, F.; Newton, S.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, S. K.; Nikolaeva, V.; Nocente, M.; Nowak, S.; Oberkofler, M.; Ochoukov, R.; Ollus, P.; Olsen, J.; Omotani, J.; Ongena, J.; Orain, F.; Orsitto, F. P.; Paccagnella, R.; Palha, A.; Panaccione, L.; Panek, R.; Panjan, M.; Papp, G.; Paradela Perez, I.; Parra, F.; Passeri, M.; Pau, A.; Pautasso, G.; Pavlichenko, R.; Perek, A.; Pericoli Radolfini, V.; Pesamosca, F.; Peterka, M.; Petrzilka, V.; Piergotti, V.; Pigatto, L.; Piovesan, P.; Piron, C.; Piron, L.; Plyusnin, V.; Pokol, G.; Poli, E.; Pölöskei, P.; Popov, T.; Popovic, Z.; Pór, G.; Porte, L.; Pucella, G.; Puiatti, M. E.; Pütterich, T.; Rabinski, M.; Juul Rasmussen, J.; Rasmussen, J.; Rattá, G. A.; Ratynskaia, S.; Ravensbergen, T.; Réfy, D.; Reich, M.; Reimerdes, H.; Reimold, F.; Reiser, D.; Reux, C.; Reznik, S.; Ricci, D.; Rispoli, N.; Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F.; Rocchi, G.; Rodriguez-Ramos, M.; Romano, A.; Rosato, J.; Rubinacci, G.; Rubino, G.; Ryan, D. A.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Samaddar, D.; Sanchis-Sanchez, L.; Santos, J.; Särkimäki, K.; Sassano, M.; Sauter, O.; Scannell, R.; Scheffer, M.; Schneider, B. S.; Schneider, P.; Schrittwieser, R.; Schubert, M.; Seidl, J.; Seliunin, E.; Sharapov, S.; Sheeba, R. R.; Sias, G.; Sieglin, B.; Silva, C.; Sipilä, S.; Smith, S.; Snicker, A.; Solano, E. R.; Hansen, S. K.; Soria-Hoyo, C.; Sorokovoy, E.; Sozzi, C.; Sperduti, A.; Spizzo, G.; Spolaore, M.; Stejner, M.; Stipani, L.; Stober, J.; Strand, P.; Sun, H.; Suttrop, W.; Sytnykov, D.; Szepesi, T.; Tál, B.; Tala, T.; Tardini, G.; Tardocchi, M.; Teplukhina, A.; Terranova, D.; Testa, D.; Theiler, C.; Thorén, E.; Thornton, A.; Tilia, B.; Tolias, P.; Tomes, M.; Toscano-Jimenez, M.; Tsironis, C.; Tsui, C.; Tudisco, O.; Urban, J.; Valisa, M.; Vallar, M.; Vallejos Olivares, P.; Valovic, M.; Van Vugt, D.; Vanovac, B.; Varje, J.; Varju, J.; Varoutis, S. 1; Vartanian, S.; Vasilovici, O.; Vega, J.; Verdoolaege, G.; Verhaegh, K.; Vermare, L.; Vianello, N.; Vicente, J.; Viezzer, E.; Villone, F.; Voitsekhovitch, I.; Voltolina, D.; Vondracek, P.; Vu, N. M. T.; Walkden, N.; Wauters, T.; Weiland, M.; Weinzettl, V.; Wensing, M.; Wiesen, S.; Wiesenberger, M.; Wilkie, G.; Willensdorfer, M.; Wischmeier, M.; Wu, K.; Xiang, L.; Zagorski, R.; Zaloga, D.; Zanca, P.; Zaplotnik, R.; Zebrowski, J.; Zhang, W.; Zisis, A.; Zoletnik, S.; Zuin, M.

Published
2019
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2. Development of the Q = 10 scenario for ITER on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG)

Author

E. Joffrin, F. Ryter, R. Fischer, E. Wolfrum, V. Bobkov, M. N. A. Beurskens, R. Dux, Christian Hopf, Ch. Fuchs, J. Schweinzer, Peter Lang, A. Kallenbach, J. Stober, H. Zohm, G. Tardini, Th. Pütterich, Lorenzo Frassinetti, A. Mlynek, EUROfusion MST1 Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Heating power, Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, chemistry, ASDEX Upgrade, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Helium
Abstract

The development of the baseline H-mode scenario foreseen for ITER on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, i.e. discharges at q 95 = 3, relatively low β N ~ 1.8, high normalized density n/n GW ~ 0.85 and high triangularity δ = 0.4, focused on the integration of elements foreseen for ITER and available on ASDEX Upgrade, such as ELM mitigation techniques and impurity seeding in combination with a metallic wall. Values for density and energy confinement simultaneously came close to the requirements of the ITER baseline scenario as long as β N stayed above 2. At lower heating power and thus lower β N normalized energy confinement H 98y2 ~ 0.85 is obtained. It has been found that stationary discharges are not easily achieved under these conditions due to the low natural ELM frequency occurring at the low q 95/high δ operational point. Up until now the ELM parameters were uncontrollable with the tools developed in other scenarios. Therefore studies on an alternative operational point at higher β N and q 95 have been conducted. In order to prepare for the ITER first non-activation operational phase, Helium operation has been investigated as well.

Published
2016
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3. Comparison between measured divertor parameters in ASDEX Upgrade and SOLPS code solutions

Author

Michael Kaufmann, H. W. Müller, G. Haas, K. Lackner, R. Pugno, A. Kallenbach, Ch. Fuchs, D. P. Coster, R. Dux, L. D. Horton, A. Herrmann, A.S. Kukushkin, M. Tsalas, A. V. Chankin, J. Neuhauser, and ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, education.field_of_study, Tokamak, Materials science, Divertor, Population, Electron, Plasma, Fusion power, Computational physics, law.invention, Ion, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, General Materials Science, education
Abstract

Detailed modelling of the plasma edge of ASDEX Upgrade in Ohmic and H-mode discharges was performed with the SOLPS (B2-EIRENE) code. A tendency of the code solutions to underestimate the divertor T e and overestimate the plasma density (thus, predicting cooler and denser divertor than in the experiment) has been reliably established. A possible cause of the observed discrepancies is the presence of a significant population of supra-thermal ions and electrons in the SOL and divertor, which cannot be modelled by the fluid plasma code B2.

Published
2007
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4. In–out divertor flow asymmetries during ELMs in ASDEX Upgrade H-mode plasmas

Author

A. Kallenbach, M. Tsalas, A. Herrmann, N. Tsois, J. Neuhauser, V. Rohde, H. W. Mueller, D. P. Coster, Ch. Fuchs, and ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Chemistry, Divertor, Flow (psychology), Flux, Plasma, Fusion power, law.invention, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Mach number, law, symbols, General Materials Science
Abstract

In ASDEX Upgrade, a fast reciprocating probe positioned in the lower divertor, capable of accessing the low-field side (LFS) and high-field side (HFS) scrape-off layer (SOL) just below the x-point, as well as the private flux region, was equipped with a Mach head and used to investigate fast flow fluctuations and in–out divertor flow asymmetries during ELMs. We compare the flow behaviour during ELMs in the three separate regions. Flow enhancement is observed in the HFS SOL, with Mach number values reaching or exceeding M = 2, flow reversal in the LFS SOL, and complex fluctuating behaviour in the private flux region (which includes flow reversal). We discuss the possible mechanisms that could drive these observations.

Published
2007
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5. SOLPS modelling of ASDEX upgrade H-mode plasma

Author

R. Pugno, C. F. Maggi, L. D. Horton, A. V. Chankin, H. W. Müller, G. Haas, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, A. Herrmann, J. Neuhauser, M. Reich, C. Konz, R. Dux, Ch. Fuchs, Michael Kaufmann, K. Lackner, A. Kallenbach, and D. P. Coster

Subjects
Physics, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Flux, Plasma, Collisionality, Effective radiated power, Condensed Matter Physics, Computational physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electron temperature, Atomic physics
Abstract

A low density H-mode plasma has been selected for detailed inter-ELM modelling by the SOLPS code package, with the coupled treatment of its plasma (fluid code B2) and neutral (Monte-Carlo code Eirene) parts. Good quality measured midplane density and temperature profiles, covering the pedestal region and stretching far into the SOL, as well as several other parameters and profiles measured in the divertor, have enabled testing the consistency of code solutions with experiment. Once the upstream, midplane profiles have been fitted, and the global parameters (e.g. input power into the computational grid, radiated power) matched, the code reproduces experimental profiles and control parameters in the divertor with an accuracy within a factor of 2. Deviations of modelled parameters from the experiment were found around the strike point position where most of the power was deposited on the target. The deviations are consistent among themselves and all point to one common problem with the modelling: the predicted divertor electron temperature is too low and the density too high, compared with the experiment. The largest inconsistency between the code and experiment was in the magnitude of the peak Hα radiation in the outer divertor, which was larger by a factor of 2 in the code simulations. In addition, the code predicts a somewhat higher sub-divertor neutral flux but lower carbon impurity content in the edge plasma than in the experiment, as well as lower CIII emission. The discrepancy between Hα profiles can to a large degree be attributed to profile effects: the simulated Hα emission profiles are narrower than in the experiment, reflecting the tendency of the neutral–plasma mix to congregate excessively around the strike point in the modelling. At the same time, the integrated Hα emission matches very well with the experiment.Extensive sensitivity studies of the influence of variations in input parameters and assumptions of the code on the modelled divertor conditions have been conducted. They have not resulted in an identification of any SOLPS input/control parameters capable of removing the main disagreement between the code output and experiment. A possibility of parallel transport effects related to low collisionality to increase the effective plasma temperature near the strike point position or of increased perpendicular transport by neutrals (due to some missing reactions in Eirene) to widen the target profiles, will be explored in the future.

Published
2006
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6. Technology of the new W7-AS broadband radiometer system

Author

H.-J. Hartfuß and Ch. Fuchs

Subjects
Heterodyne, Radiometer, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Radio equipment, law.invention, Noise, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Broadband, Electronic engineering, Harmonic, General Materials Science, Heterodyne detection, Stellarator, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A new second harmonic heterodyne ECE system, which is suitable for the future W7-X stellarator, has been developed and tested at W7-AS. It completes the older W7-AS system. The design was aimed at using less components and improving the system noise compared to the older system. A technical description and first measurements are presented.

Published
2001
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7. Shafranov shift in the ‘electron root’ feature at the W7-AS stellarator

Author

H. Maaßberg, H.-J. Hartfuß, Ch. Fuchs, W As Team, and J. Geiger

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Electron, Plasma, Electron cyclotron resonance, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electric field, Electron temperature, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Stellarator, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Plasma discharges at W7-AS in the ‘electron root’ regime show highly peaked electron temperature- and pressure profiles. A switch-off of the ECRH leads to a fast temperature drop with time constants of less than 1 ms and a corresponding change of the Shafranov shift in the center of the plasma. For a temporally resolved comparison between calculated and measured temperature profiles, a fast method of gaining the mapping of the magnetic field to the radius along the ECE sightline is presented. Using these mappings to compare measured ECE signals with modeled temperatures (assuming plausible profiles of the radial electrical field), the time constant for the decay of the electric field after a ECRH power switch-off was found to be 0.6 ms.

Published
2001
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8. Physics of the density limit in the W7-AS stellarator

Author

Ulrich Stroth, H. J. Hartfuss, Friedrich E. Wagner, Nbi Team, L. Giannone, W As Team, A. Weller, P. Grigull, C. Wendland, R. Brakel, K. McCormick, R. Burhenn, Ch. Fuchs, J. Baldzuhn, Kimitaka Itoh, Sanae I. Itoh, and Ecrh Team

Subjects
Physics, Electron density, Plasma parameters, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Pinch, Atomic physics, Stellarator, Power density
Abstract

Density-limit discharges in the W7-AS stellarator, with constant line-integrated density and a duration of up to 2 s, were studied at three values of the toroidal magnetic field (B = 0.8, 1.25 and 2.5 T). The central factor governing the physics of the density limit in stellarators was demonstrated to be the decreasing net power to the plasma when the centrally peaked radiated power density profile exceeds that of the deposited power density. The process was further accelerated by the peaking of electron density under these conditions. In discharges with B = 2.5 T, simulations of the centrally peaked radiation power density profiles could be shown to be due to peaked impurity density profiles. Laser blow off measurements clearly inferred an inward pinch of the injected aluminium. These discharges had the electron density profile form found in the improved confinement H-NBI mode on W7-AS. The aim of producing steady-state discharges at the highest possible density in stellarators is naturally of special interest for reactor operation. Such a scenario has been best achieved in H-mode discharges, in which ELMs restricted the impurity influx to the plasma and an equilibrium in the plasma parameters with suitably low radiation power levels was possible. A density scan in ECRH discharges highlights the need to control impurity sources and choose electron densities well below the density limit in order that steady-state operation can be attempted in discharges without ELMs. A simple model of bulk radiation predicted that the limiting density should depend on the square root of heating power and this was experimentally confirmed. The magnetic field scaling of the limiting density found experimentally in this simple model will partly depend on the term concerning the radial profile of the impurity density, which in turn is a function of the diffusion coefficient and inward pinch of the impurity ions. Theoretical studies have shown that an assumption about the B dependence of the thermal conductivity leads to density limit scaling laws with an explicit B dependence.

Published
2000
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9. Zur Bedeutung der Quellenfeldkomponente des magnetischen Vektorpotentials A

Author

A. J. Schwab, P. Kistenmacher, and Ch. Fuchs

Subjects
Physics, Lorenz gauge condition, Applied Mathematics, Champ magnetique, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gauge fixing, Mathematical physics
Abstract

Gewohnlich wird bei der Herleitung der Wellengleichung fur das magnetische Vektorpotential A im Rahmen der Lorentz-Eichung rein formal eine Quellenfeldkomponente A Q eingefuhrt, deren Interpretation dem Leser uberlassen bleibt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die physikalische Bedeutung dieser Komponente auf und veranschaulicht die Unterschiede zwischen Coulomb-Eichung und Lorentz-Eichung.

Published
1997
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10. A doublet of 3 in. cylindrical silicon drift detectors in the CERES experiment

Author

A. Pfeiffer, I. Ravinovich, U. Faschingbauer, J. Kemmer, I. Tserruya, F. Ceretto, S. Razin, Peter Glassel, Ch. Fuchs, D. Irmscher, Y. Minaev, C. Jacob, G. Agakichiev, M. Hemberger, R. Baur, E. Gatti, Th. Ullrich, Peter Holl, V. I. Yurevich, G. Tel-Zur, Z. Fraenkel, A. Dress, Marco Sampietro, C. Voigt, S. Shimanskiy, Y. Panebrattsev, H.J. Spech, J.P. Wurm, F. Hess, Jurgen Schukraft, C.P. de los Heros, Pavel Rehak, and E. Socol

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron pair, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking (particle physics), Particle detector, Particle identification, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Optics, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

We report on the performance of a doublet of 3 in. cylindrical silicon drift detectors installed as an upgrade of the CERES/NA45 electron pair spectrometer for the Pb-beam at the CERN SPS. The silicon detectors provide external particle tracking and background rejection of conversions and close Dalitz pairs. Results on vertex reconstruction and rejection from a Pb test-run in 1994 are presented.

Published
1996
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11. Fast-ion redistribution and loss due to edge perturbations in the ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks

Author

Matthias Hoelzl, M. Nocente, I. G. J. Classen, Jun Young Kim, R. M. McDermott, Diii-D, Kouji Shinohara, W. Suttrop, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, E. Viezzer, T. Lunt, N. Lazanyi, Todd Evans, M. Willensdorfer, J. E. Boom, Otto Asunta, T. L. Rhodes, X. Chen, Kstar Teams, R. K. Fisher, Simppa Äkäslompolo, V. Igochine, Benedikt Geiger, R. Dux, J. Kim, Ch. Fuchs, M. A. Van Zeeland, You-Moon Jeon, E. Wolfrum, David Pace, S. Fietz, M. Garcia-Munoz, B. Kurzan, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, ASDEX Upgrade Team, DIII-D Team, KSTAR Team, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Garcia Munoz, M, Akaslompolo, S, Asunta, O, Boom, J, Chen, X, Classen, I, Dux, R, Evans, T, Fietz, S, Fisher, R, Fuchs, C, Geiger, B, Hoelzl, M, Igochine, V, Jeon, Y, Kim, J, Kurzan, B, Lazanyi, N, Lunt, T, Mcdermott, R, Nocente, M, Pace, D, Rhodes, T, Rodriguez Ramos, M, Shinohara, K, Suttrop, W, Van Zeeland, M, Viezzer, E, Willensdorfer, M, and Wolfrum, E

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, gamma ray spectroscopy, Neutral beam injection, Fast ions, magnetic perturbations, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, neutron spectroscopy, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, KSTAR, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, nuclear fusion
Abstract

The impact of edge localized modes (ELMs) and externally applied resonant and non-resonant magnetic perturbations (MPs) on fast-ion confinement/transport have been investigated in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks. Two phases with respect to the ELM cycle can be clearly distinguished in ELM-induced fast-ion losses. Inter-ELM losses are characterized by a coherent modulation of the plasma density around the separatrix while intra-ELM losses appear as well-defined bursts. In high collisionality plasmas with mitigated ELMs, externally applied MPs have little effect on kinetic profiles, including fast-ions, while a strong impact on kinetic profiles is observed in low-collisionality, low q 95 plasmas with resonant and non-resonant MPs. In low-collisionality H-mode plasmas, the large fast-ion filaments observed during ELMs are replaced by a loss of fast-ions with a broad-band frequency and an amplitude of up to an order of magnitude higher than the neutral beam injection prompt loss signal without MPs. A clear synergy in the overall fast-ion transport is observed between MPs and neoclassical tearing modes. Measured fast-ion losses are typically on banana orbits that explore the entire pedestal/scrape-off layer. The fast-ion response to externally applied MPs presented here may be of general interest for the community to better understand the MP field penetration and overall plasma response. Ministerio de Economía y Empresa ((RYC-2011-09152 y ENE2012-31087) Marie Curie (Grant PCIG11-GA-2012-321455) US Department of Energy (DE-FC02-04ER54698, SC-G903402, DE-FG02-04ER54761, DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-FG02- 08ER54984) NRF Korea contract 2009-0082012 MEST under the KSTAR project

Published
2013
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12. Measurement of electromagnetically produced e+e−-pairs in distant SPt collisions

Author

A. Shor, C. P. de Los Heros, H. Nägele, P. Fischer, J. P. Wurm, A. Wörner, H. J. Specht, A. Wermes, Amos Breskin, R. Chechik, I. Tserruya, F. Heß, G. Tel-Zur, P. Rehak, K.H. Noffz, T. F. Günzel, E. Gatti, Z. Fraenkel, Th. Ullrich, A. Schon, V. Steiner, Reinhard Männer, A. Drees, D. Irmscher, S. Tapprogge, I. Ravinovich, C. Schwick, R. Bauer, J. Gläß, Ch. Fuchs, C. Jacob, Peter Glassel, L. H. Olsen, J. Schukraft, U. Faschingbauer, B. Schmitt, M. Sampietro, and A. Pfeiffer

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Physics, Scattering cross-section, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Feynman diagram, Atomic physics, Polar coordinate system, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We have for the first time identified e + e − -pairs produced by strongly varying electromagnetic fields in distant SPt collisions at 200 GeV/u projectile energy at the CERN-SPS. The differential cross section for the mass range 10 MeV/ c 2 ≤ m ee ≤ 100 MeV/ c 2 and the polar angle range 141 mrad ≤ θ e ≤ 260 mrad agrees well with a lowest-order perturbation QED-calculation.

Published
1994
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13. Simulation of ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic Plasmas for SOLPS Code Validation

Author

A. Kallenbach, M. Wischmeier, R. Dux, L. D. Horton, G. Haas, Ch. Fuchs, H. W. Müller, A. V. Chankin, A. Herrmann, B. Kurzan, R. Pugno, D. P. Coster, E. Wolfrum, and ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ASDEX Upgrade, Divertor, Upstream (networking), Boundary value problem, Plasma, Atomic physics, Effective radiated power, Condensed Matter Physics, Ohmic contact, Power (physics), Computational physics
Abstract

SOLPS simulation of a dedicated ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic shot for scrape-off layer and divertor modelling is described. The tendency of the code to predict a colder and denser divertor plasma compared with the experiment for solutions that satisfy main boundary conditions (on the input power across the core/edge boundary, particle throughput and radiated power) and match upstream profiles is confirmed. Issues related to the role of neutral sources and sinks are discussed. In the interpretative modelling based on experimental upstream profiles, neither the neutral pressure in the divertor nor the method of fuelling was found to strongly influence the parameters at the outer target, which are primarily determined by the input power and separatrix density.

Published
2009

14. Cortisol in severely burned patients: investigations on disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Author

Paul Ch, Fuchs, Andreas, Groger, Ahmet, Bozkurt, Daniel, Johnen, Timm, Wolter, and Norbert, Pallua

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Adolescent, Hydrocortisone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Shock, Septic, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Burns, Adrenal Insufficiency, Aged
Abstract

Thermal injuries of more than 20% of body surface area lead to conditions resembling a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, such as in septic shock. It has been shown that septic shock may lead to disturbances in cortisol metabolism and balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To investigate whether such a disturbance also occurs in the very early stages of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in burned patients, we performed 20 corticotropin-releasing hormone tests on day 1 after admission to our unit. In 7 of 20 patients, a disturbance of cortisol secretion could be demonstrated. Four patients developed adrenal insufficiency. The correlation between the abbreviated burn severity index and the risk of developing adrenal insufficiency was significant (P = 0.008). We observed a higher mortality rate in adrenally insufficient patients; however, because of the small patient number, we were not able to prove this observation with a statistical significant correlation (P = 0.11). Our findings indicate that temporary adrenal insufficiency occurs in the early stages of severe injury. Further investigations will have to be performed to clarify whether such patients benefit from cortisol replacement.

Published
2007

15. Transport properties of H-mode plasmas with dominant electron heating in comparison to dominant ion heating at ASDEX Upgrade

Author

W. Suttrop, R. M. McDermott, C. Angioni, E. Fable, M. Bernert, R. Fischer, Ch. Fuchs, V. Bobkov, A. Burckhart, E. Viezzer, Felix Sommer, J. Stober, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Heating system, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma parameters, Electron temperature, Electron, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Electron cyclotron resonance, Ion
Abstract

The influence of electron heating compared to ion heating on plasma performance has been analysed in order to make valid projections towards future devices. The capabilities of the newly upgraded electron cyclotron resonance heating system at ASDEX Upgrade make this analysis feasible by replacing neutral beam injection. Dominantly electron heated plasmas are analysed and compared to dominantly ion heated plasmas. It is investigated if they behave systematically different or if the change of heated species is fully compensated by heat exchange from electrons to ions. Studies of plasmas at high collisionalities are presented in Sommer et al (2012 Nucl. Fusion 52 114018). Here, these former investigations are extended towards lower collisionalities. The global plasma parameters show a slight reduction with increasing electron heating arising from a significant decrease of the ion temperature, whereas the electron temperature profile is unchanged. The density profile shows a strong peaking which remains unchanged when modifying the heating mix. The power balance analysis shows an important impact of the heat exchange between electrons and ions. The electron and ion temperatures and the plasma density are modelled with the transport model TGLF. The experimental observations are reproduced verifying the applied code. Linear gyrokinetic calculations with GS2 found the ion temperature gradient mode to be the dominant microinstability in all analysed cases.

Published
2015
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16. Plasma shut-down with fast impurity puff on ASDEX Upgrade

Author

G. Pautasso, O. Gruber, Th. Pütterich, C. F. Maggi, Ch. Fuchs, M. Beck, C. Wittmann, P. Cierpka, V. Rohde, E. Wolfrum, M. Maraschek, and ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, Thermal load, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Impurity, Thermal, Atomic physics, Shut down
Abstract

The massive injection of impurity gas into a plasma has been proved to reduce forces and localized thermal loads caused by disruptions in tokamaks. This mitigation system is routinely used on ASDEX Upgrade to shut down plasmas with a locked mode. The plasma response to impurity injection and the mechanism of reduction of the mechanical forces is discussed in the paper.

Published
2005

17. Three-dimensional distortions of the tokamak plasma boundary: boundary displacements in the presence of resonant magnetic perturbations

Author

W. Suttrop, A. Kirk, C. J. Ham, Nathaniel Ferraro, Marina Becoulet, W. A. Cooper, Mikhail Gryaznevich, Nstx Team, Diii-D Team, R.A. Moyer, Efda-Jet Contributors, I. Lupelli, Y. Gribov, C. Nührenberg, James D. Hanson, Ch. Fuchs, Samuel Lazerson, Yunfeng Liang, D. Yadykin, D.M. Orlov, F. Orain, I. T. Chapman, T. Bird, Todd Evans, Mast Team, G. Huijsmans, John Canik, Mark Cianciosa, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, DIII-D Team, MAST Team, NSTX Team, and EFDA-JET Contributors

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Field line, Mechanics, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Resonant magnetic perturbations, law.invention, Nonlinear system, Pedestal, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics
Abstract

The three-dimensional plasma boundary displacements induced by applied non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations have been measured in ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, JET, MAST and NSTX. The displacements arising from applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) are measured up to +/- 5% of the minor radius in present-day machines. Good agreement can be found between different experimental measurements and a range of models-be it vacuum field line tracing, ideal three-dimensional MHD equilibrium modelling, or nonlinear plasma amplification. The agreement of the various experimental measurements with the different predictions from these models is presented, and the regions of applicability of each discussed. The measured displacement of the outboard boundary from various machines is found to correlate approximately linearly with the applied resonant field predicted by vacuum modelling (though it should be emphasized that one should not infer that vacuum modelling accurately predicts the displacement inside the plasma). The RMP-induced displacements foreseen in ITER are expected to lie within the range of those predicted by the different models, meaning less than +/- 1.75% (+/- 3.5 cm) of the minor radius in the H-mode baseline and less than +/- 2.5% (+/- 5 cm) in a 9MA plasma. Whilst a displacement of 7 cm peak-to-peak in the baseline scenario is marginally acceptable from both a plasma control and heat loading perspective, it is important that ITER adopts a plasma control system which can account for a three-dimensional boundary corrugation to avoid an n = 0 correction which would otherwise locally exacerbate the displacement caused by the applied fields.

Published
2014
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18. Optical absorption in semiconductor quantum dots: Nonlocal effects

Author

R. v. Baltz, Ch. Fuchs, and F. Thiele

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Field (physics), Condensed matter physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Resonance (particle physics), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Semiconductor, Quantum dot laser, Polarizability, Electric field, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electro-absorption modulator, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business
Abstract

The optical absorption of a single spherical semiconductor quantum dot in an electrical field is studied taking into account the nonlocal coupling between the field of the light and the polarizability of the semiconductor. These nonlocal effects lead to a small size anf field dependent shift and broadening of the excitonic resonance which may be of interest in future high precision experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2001
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19. Neutral meson production in p-Be and p-Au collisions at 450 GeV beam energy

Author

J.L. Ferrero, R.S. Simon, Th. Ullrich, G. Agakichiev, M. Notheisen, R. Averbeck, Y. Panebrattsev, V. Steiner, E. Gatti, Marco Sampietro, U. Faschingbauer, Yves Roland Schutz, Peter Glassel, Ch. Fuchs, V. Yurevich, J.P. Wurm, F. Hess, R.W. Ostendorf, A. Marín, A. Schön, A. Shor, S. Tapprogge, W. Kühn, C. Jacob, F.M. Marques, H. W. Wilschut, L. H. Olsen, I. Tserruya, J. S. Díaz, R. Holzmann, I. Ravinovich, C.P. de los Heros, R. W. Novotny, S. Shimansky, D. Irmscher, Herbert Löhner, Pavel Rehak, Jurgen Schukraft, G. Martínez, B. Lenkeit, H. J. Specht, R. Baur, V. Metag, A. Drees, A. Pfeiffer, Peter Fischer, G. Tel-Zur, M. Franke, A. Brenschede, Z. Fraenkel, Facundo Ballester, M. Appenheimer, T. Gunzel, Bardon, Peggy, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)

Subjects
TAPS, Particle physics, Meson production, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, targeted markup XML, API DOM, 01 natural sciences, Omega, Nuclear physics, PI+, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, ISR, LEPTON, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), C++, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dictionnaries, HADRONS, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, ELECTRON-PAIR PRODUCTION, [PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Encyclopedia, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), PARTICLE PRODUCTION, NUCLEUS COLLISIONS, Lepton
Abstract

In a joint experiment the TAPS and CERES collaborations have studied the production of the neutral mesons $\pi^\circ,\eta$ and $\omega$ in 450 GeV p-Be and p-Au collisions at the CERN SPS. The mesons were identified by their $\pi^\circ\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ , $\eta\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ , and $\omega\rightarrow\pi^\circ\gamma$ decay modes. The cross sections were measured down to very low $p_T$ ( $\geq$ 20 MeV/c) near mid-rapidity ( $3.0 < y < 4.0$ ). The $\eta$ and $\omega$ cross sections are smaller than expected from extrapolations of earlier data to low $p_T$ . Integrated over all $p_T$ , the ratios $\eta/\pi^\circ$ and $\omega$ / $\pi^\circ$ are lower by about 25% compared to previously published values. The reduction may be attributed to the large number of low $p_T$ pions from decays of heavier mesons. In addition, we have studied the dependence of neutral meson production on the mass of the nuclear target and find it in good agreement with previous measurements of charged mesons.

Published
1998

20. Low-mass e+e- pair production in 158 A GeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS, its dependence on multiplicity and transverse momentum

Author

G. Agakichiev, R. Baur, P. Braun-Munzinger, F. Ceretto, A. Drees, S. Esumi, U. Faschingbauer, Z. Fraenkel, Ch. Fuchs, E. Gatti, P. Glässel, C.P. de los Heros, P. Holl, Ch. Jung, B. Lenkeit, M. Messer, Y. Panebrattsev, A. Pfeiffer, J. Rak, I. Ravinovich, S. Razin, P. Rehak, M. Richter, M. Sampietro, N. Saveljic, J. Schukraft, S. Shimansky, W. Seipp, E. Socol, H.J. Specht, J. Stachel, G. Tel-Zur, I. Tserruya, T. Ullrich, C. Voigt, C. Weber, J.P. Wessels, T. Wienold, J.P. Wurm, and V. Yurevich

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron pair, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, Meson, Nuclear physics, Pair production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nucleon, Low Mass, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report a measurement of low-mass electron pairs observed in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb-Au collisions. The pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2 < m < 2.0 GeV is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.9 (syst) over the expectation from neutral meson decays. As observed previously in S-Au collisions, the enhancement is most pronounced in the invariant-mass region 300-700 MeV. For Pb-Au we find evidence for a strong increase of the enhancement with centrality. In addition, we show that the enhancement covers a wide range in transverse momentum, but is largest at the lowest observed pt., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.B

Published
1997

21. Enhanced production of low-mass electron pairs in 200 GeV/nucleon S-Au collisions at the CERN super proton synchrotron

Author

Jurgen Schukraft, R. Chechik, U. Faschingbauer, Z. Fraenkel, Jacob C, A. Shor, Y. Panebrattsev, B. Lenkeit, J.P. Wurm, F. Hess, Amos Breskin, H. J. Specht, Peter Glassel, Ch. Fuchs, A. Drees, Ravinovich I I, Peter Fischer, Tserruya I I, G. Tel-Zur, Andreas Pfeiffer, Th. Ullrich, D. Irmscher, S. Shimansky, R. Baur, E. Gatti, de los Heros Cp, Yurevich, Pavel Rehak, G. Agakichiev, Steiner, T. Gunzel, S. Tapprogge, Marco Sampietro, L. Olsen, and A. Schön

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, Proton, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Super Proton Synchrotron, Nuclear physics, Pair production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

We report on measurements of low-mass electron pairs in 450 GeV $p$-Be, $p$-Au, and 200 GeV/nucleon S-Au collisions at central rapidities. For the proton induced interactions, the low-mass spectra are, within the systematic errors, satisfactorily explained by electron pairs from hadron decays, whereas in the S-Au system an enhancement over the hadronic contributions by a factor of $5.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0(\mathrm{syst})$ in the invariant mass range $0.2lml1.5\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$ is observed. The properties of the excess suggest that it arises from two-pion annihilation $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.

Published
1995

22. Observation of continuous divertor detachment in H-mode discharges in ASDEX upgrade

Author

K. Kiemer, K. Büchl, M. Albrecht, O. Gruber, Michael Kaufmann, W. Junker, G. Haas, W. Engelhardt, Neil A. Salmon, A. Carlson, V. Mertens, W. Treutterer, Martin Laux, D. P. Coster, M. Bessenrodt-Weberpals, M. Sokoll, J. Schweinzer, K. Asmussen, Marco Brambilla, K.H. Behringer, W. Herrmann, D. Meisel, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, F. Wesner, S. Deschka, C. S. Pitcher, H. Kollotzek, R. Wunderlich, Peter Lang, D. Fieg, H. B. Schilling, Harald Richter, M. Ulrich, Dirk Naujoks, P. Varela, Carmen García-Rosales, K.-H. Steuer, H. U. Fahrbach, J.-M. Noterdaeme, C. Dorn, Ch. Fuchs, A. Eberhagen, K. Krieger, K. Schonmann, H. Röhr, F. Ryter, K. Lackner, W. Sandmann, G. Neu, H. P. Zehrfeld, H. D. Murmann, M. Alexander, T. Richter, O. Vollmer, A. Kallenbach, G. Lieder, R. Drube, R. Dux, H.-S. Bosch, W. Poschenrieder, G. Fußmann, M. Schittenhelm, J. Gernhardt, A. Stäbler, S. De Pena Hempel, R. Lang, M. Maraschek, W. Suttrop, W. Köppendörfer, Harald Schneider, A. R. Field, D. Zasche, H. Vernickel, U. Wenzel, M. Troppmann, M. Ballico, H. Salzmann, R. Neu, M. Kornherr, H. Wedler, E. Speth, Gerhard Raupp, M. E. Manso, Ralf Schneider, Patrick J. McCarthy, R. Merkel, B. Napiontek, U. Schumacher, B. Kurzan, B. Jüttner, L. Cupido, U. Seidel, G. Schramm, P. Ignacz, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, K. Behler, O. Gehre, K. F. Mast, G. Pautasso, J. Neuhauser, S. Fiedler, H. M. Mayer, J. Roth, M. Weinlich, H.J. DeBlank, H. U. Feist, Albrecht Herrmann, J. Stober, S. Hirsch, T. Kass, H. Zohm, B. Streibl, and F. Serra

Subjects
Materials science, DIII-D, Divertor, Mode (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Radiation, Neon, Energy confinement, Deuterium, chemistry, ASDEX Upgrade, Atomic physics
Abstract

Feedback-controlled puffing of neon and deuterium has been applied to control the edge-localized-mode behavior and the target plate power deposition during high-power H -mode discharges in ASDEX Upgrade. A regime has been found in which more than 90% of the heating power is lost through radiation and divertor detachment occurs, without deterioration of the energy confinement. The plasma remains in the H mode, exhibiting small-amplitude, high-frequency ELM's, which do not penetrate to the target plates in the strike zone region.

Published
1995

23. New results from NA45/CERES

Author

B. Lenkeit, S. Razin, V. Steiner, G. Agakichiev, U. Faschingbauer, Peter Wurm, Rachel Chechik, Y. Minaev, Peter Fischer, F. Ceretto, D. Irmscher, G. Tel-Zur, A. Shor, E. Gatti, Jurgen Schukraft, R. Baur, Pavel Rehak, Peter Glassel, Ch. Fuchs, I. Ravinovich, A. Drees, T. Gunzel, S. Tapprogge, Z. Fraenkel, H.W. Kraner, Amos Breskin, A. Pfeiffer, Y. Panebrattsev, J.P. Wurm, F. Hess, Th. Ullrich, C.P. de los Heros, Marco Sampietro, I. Tserruya, A. Schön, C. Jacob, S. Shimansky, L. H. Olsen, H. J. Specht, J. Sokol, V. Yurevich, and C. Voigt

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, chemistry, Production model, chemistry.chemical_element, Beryllium, Particle Physics - Experiment
Published
1995

24. First results of the CERES electron pair spectrometer from $p$ + Be, $p$ + Au and S + Au collisions

Author

H. Nägele, H. Klein, Th. Ullrich, V. Steiner, U. Faschingbauer, I. Tserruya, Ch. Schwick, P. Holl, T. Gunzel, R. Baur, Reinhard Männer, Amos Breskin, D. Irmscher, I. Ravinovich, C. Jacob, Antonio Francesco Longoni, N. Wermes, Peter Glassel, Ch. Fuchs, H.W. Kraner, B. Schmitt, Rachel Chechik, J. Gläß, L. H. Olsen, E. Gatti, S. Tapprogge, C.P. de los Heros, J.P. Wurm, A. Wärner, Jurgen Schukraft, H. J. Specht, A. Pfeiffer, P. Rehak, K.H. Noffz, Marco Sampietro, A. Schön, A. Drees, A. Shor, Z. Fraenkel, Peter Fischer, G. Tel-Zur, and F. Heß

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron pair, Electron spectrometer, Spectrometer, Proton, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, Pion, Pair production, Antimatter, Mass spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The CERES experiment (CErenkov Ring Electron Spectrometer) studies the production of low mass e + e − pairs in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions at the CERN SPS. The CERES spectrometer, has a novel design based on two Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters, and it operates close to its design specifications. Data were recorded with 200 GeV u sulfur beam and 450 GeV proton beam. The analysis is in progress. We have extracted first e + − -pairs samples for p+Be, p+Au and S+Au collisions. In addition other physics topics were addressed. Inclusive photon spectra were measured in S+Au interactions. No excess over known hadronic sources was found within our present systematic error of 11%. Results on high p i charged pion spectra are presented up to 4 GeV c . We also studied the production of e + e − -pairs m the strong electromagnetic fields of very peripheral S+Pt collisions. The data are well described by a first-order perturbative QED-calculation.

Published
1993

25. Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on low collisionality discharges in MAST and a comparison with ASDEX Upgrade

Author

Ch. Fuchs, S. Saarelma, T. Eich, W. Suttrop, R. Fischer, B. Kurzan, Yueqiang Liu, D. A. Ryan, M. Valovic, M. W. Jakubowski, L. Barrera Orte, P. Cahyna, James Harrison, B. Sieglin, Stanislas Pamela, EUROfusion Mst Collaborations, I. T. Chapman, M. Peterka, M. Willensdorfer, A. Kirk, A.J. Thornton, R. Scannell, C. J. Ham, MAST Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Toroid, Divertor, FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Resonant magnetic perturbations, Computational physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Pedestal, ASDEX Upgrade, Heat flux
Abstract

Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG using RMPs with a range of toroidal mode numbers over a wide region of low to medium collisionality discharges. The ELM energy loss and peak heat loads at the divertor targets have been reduced. The ELM mitigation phase is typically associated with a drop in plasma density and overall stored energy. In one particular scenario on MAST, by carefully adjusting the fuelling it has been possible to counteract the drop in density and to produce plasmas with mitigated ELMs, reduced peak divertor heat flux and with minimal degradation in pedestal height and confined energy. While the applied resonant magnetic perturbation field can be a good indicator for the onset of ELM mitigation on MAST and AUG there are some cases where this is not the case and which clearly emphasise the need to take into account the plasma response to the applied perturbations. The plasma response calculations show that the increase in ELM frequency is correlated with the size of the edge peeling-tearing like response of the plasma and the distortions of the plasma boundary in the X-point region., 31 pages, 28 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it

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26. Implementation of an acceptance- and mindfulness-based group for depression and anxiety in primary care: Initial outcomes.

Author

Fuchs CH, Haradhvala N, Evans DR, Nash JM, Weisberg RB, and Uebelacker LA

Subjects
Adult, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated methods, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated trends, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mindfulness methods, Primary Health Care methods, Primary Health Care standards, Psychometrics instrumentation, Psychometrics methods, Psychotherapy, Group methods, Psychotherapy, Group standards, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anxiety therapy, Depression therapy, Mindfulness standards, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Abstract

Introduction: Depression and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among primary care patients. Group visits provide a way of delivering interventions to multiple patients at the same time. Group visits for depression and anxiety present an opportunity to expand the reach of behavioral health services for primary care patients. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the implementation of an acceptance and mindfulness-based group for primary care patients with depression and anxiety., Methods: Adult family medicine patients with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and/or Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) scores > 5 were eligible for the group. The group was held biweekly in the family medicine practice with rolling enrollment. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were administered at every visit, and changes in depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed using multilevel modeling. We evaluated feasibility, acceptability/satisfaction, penetration, and sustainability., Results: Over the course of 19 months, 50 patients were referred to the group, and 29 enrolled. The median number of visits attended was four among those who attended more than one group visit. Results revealed that depression and anxiety symptoms decreased significantly over the first four visits attended (d = -.26 and -.19, respectively). Patients who attended more than one group reported high satisfaction. The group was sustainable after the research funding ended; however, penetration was low., Discussion: A rolling enrollment group for patients with depression and anxiety that utilized mindfulness- and acceptance-based treatment principles is feasible to implement in a primary care setting but is not without challenges. Recommendations for ways to enhance implementation and future research are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).)

Published
2016
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27. Physician actions following a positive PHQ-2: implications for the implementation of depression screening in family medicine practice.

Author

Fuchs CH, Haradhvala N, Hubley S, Nash JM, Keller MB, Ashley D, Weisberg RB, and Uebelacker LA

Subjects
Depression therapy, Humans, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics, Retrospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depression diagnosis, Family Practice methods, Mass Screening methods
Abstract

Systematic screening of depression in primary care settings that have adequate follow-up and treatment is recommended. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was developed as a depression screening measure for use in primary care. The PHQ-2, which includes just 2 items from the PHQ-9, is designed to be used as a first line depression screening measure, to be followed by the full PHQ-9 when a patient screens positive. However, completion of the first step in the process (PHQ-2) does not necessarily lead to completion of the second step (administration of the PHQ-9 when the PHQ-2 is positive), even when treatment and follow-up are available. The objective of the current study was to describe family medicine physicians' actions following a positive PHQ-2 and factors that affect their use of depression screening measures and treatment decisions. A retrospective chart review of 200 family medicine patients who screened positive on the PHQ-2 during an office visit was conducted. Additionally, 26 family medicine physicians in the practice were surveyed. Only 5% of patients with positive PHQ-2 scores were administered a PHQ-9. Physicians relied on their clinical judgment and prior knowledge about the patient's depression status to inform treatment decisions and cited time constraints and competing demands as reasons for not administered the PHQ-9. Physicians tended to treat depression with adequate doses of antidepressants and counseling. PHQ-2 screening did not necessarily lead to further evaluation, systematic follow-up, or changes in treatment. Implications for the implementation of depression screening in primary care settings are discussed., ((PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).)

Published
2015
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