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1. pWCP is a widely distributed and highly conserved Wolbachia plasmid in Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes worldwide

Author

Amani Ghousein, Jordan Tutagata, Hans Schrieke, Manuel Etienne, Victor Chaumeau, Sebastien Boyer, Nonito Pages, David Roiz, A. Murat Eren, Guillaume Cambray, Julie Reveillaud, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, Centre de Biologie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine
Abstract

Mosquitoes represent the most important pathogen vectors and are responsible for the spread of a wide variety of poorly treatable diseases. Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that are widely distributed among arthropods and collectively represents one of the most promising solutions for vector control. In particular, Wolbachia has been shown to limit the transmission of pathogens, and to dramatically affect the reproductive behavior of their host through its phage WO. While much research has focused on deciphering and exploring the biocontrol applications of these WO-related phenotypes, the extent and potential impact of the Wolbachia mobilome remain poorly appreciated. Notably, several Wolbachia plasmids, carrying WO-like genes and Insertion Sequences (IS), thus possibly interrelated to other genetic units of the endosymbiont, have been recently discovered. Here we investigated the diversity and biogeography of the first described plasmid of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens (pWCP) in several islands and continental countries around the world—including Cambodia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Thailand, and Mexico—together with mosquito strains from colonies that evolved for 2 to 30 years in the laboratory. We used PCR and qPCR to determine the presence and copy number of pWCP in individual mosquitoes, and highly accurate Sanger sequencing to evaluate potential variations. Together with earlier observation, our results show that pWCP is omnipresent and strikingly conserved among Wolbachia populations within mosquitoes from distant geographies and environmental conditions. These data suggest a critical role for the plasmid in Wolbachia ecology and evolution, and the potential of a great tool for further genetic dissection and possible manipulation of this endosymbiont.

Published
2023

2. First detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in natural populations of Aedes aegypti in Martinique during the 2013 – 2015 concomitant outbreak

Author

André Yébakima, Manuel Etienne, Dorothée Missé, Rodolphe Hamel, Laurence Mousson, Said Crico, Laurence Farraudière, Fabrice Sonor, Frédéric Simard, Anna-Bella Failloux, Centre de Démoustication et de Recherches Entomologiques [Fort-de-France], Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Interhuman Arbovirus Transmission (MIVEGEC-iHAT), Biologie des infections virales: Emergence, DIFfusion, Impact, Contrôle, Elimination (EDIFICE), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, This work was funded by the Conseil Régional and Conseil Général de la Martinique., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Dengue fever, 0302 clinical medicine, chikungunya, transmission, Aedes, French West Indies, Chikungunya, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, virus diseases, culicidae, 3. Good health, Indias Occidentales, Caribbean Region, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, control de vectores, Martinique, Virus chikungunya, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Aedes albopictus, lcsh:RC955-962, education, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, vector control, Aedes aegypti, Biology, Brief Communication, 03 medical and health sciences, Región del Caribe, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, chikungunya virus, lcsh:R, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, Dengue Virus, Caribbean area, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, dengue, Martinica, dengue, transmission, Virology, Vector (epidemiology), Chikungunya Fever
Abstract

International audience; Dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In Martinique, an island of the French West Indies, Aedes aegypti is the suspected vector of both arboviruses; there is no Aedes albopictus on the island. During the concomitant outbreak of 2013 - 2015, the authors collected wild A. aegypti populations, and for the first time, detected dengue and chikungunya viruses in field-collected females. This paper demonstrates the mosquito's role in transmission of both dengue and chikungunya on the island, and also highlights a tool that public health authorities can use for preventing outbreaks.

Published
2017

3. Viewpoint: High susceptibility to Chikungunya virus of Aedes aegypti from the French West Indies and French Guiana

Author

Girod, Romain, Gaborit, Pascal, Marrama, Laurence, Etienne, Manuel, Ramdini, Cédric, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Dollin, Christelle, Carinci, Romuald, Issaly, Jean, Dusfour, Isabelle, Gustave, Joël, Yp-Tcha, Marie-Michelle, Yébakima, Andre, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Vazeille, Marie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Centre de démoustication, Conseil Général/Direction de la santé et du développement social de la Martinique, Service de lutte antivectorielle, Direction de la santé et du développement social de la Guadeloupe, Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Génétique Moléculaire des Bunyavirus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Aedes, Alphavirus Infections, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Animals, Female, Martinique, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Disease Susceptibility, Feeding Behavior, Chikungunya virus, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Insect Vectors
Abstract

To estimate the vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations sampled from distinct anthropogenic environments in French Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique for the strain CHIKV 06.21.F(1)/F(2) females were orally infected at titres of 10(6) and 10(7.5) pfu/ml in blood-meals. Disseminated infection rates (DIR) of mosquitoes were estimated using indirect fluorescent antibody assay on heads' squashes, 7 or 14 days post-infection (pi).At a titre of 10(7.5) pfu/ml, DIR ranged from 88.9% to 100.0% and were not significantly different whether assessed at day 7 or 14 pi. At a titre of 10(6) pfu/ml, DIR observed 7 days pi ranged from 37.6 to 62.0%.Ae. aegypti from French Guiana and French West Indies are highly competent to transmit CHIKV. An evaluation of DIR 7 days rather than 14 days pi is adequate to estimate vector competence. The titre of 10(6) pfu/ml allows us to distinguish Ae. aegypti populations originating from distinct environments (dense or diffuse housing) by their vector competence. This assessment is a prerequisite to better evaluate the potential risk of Chikungunya outbreaks once the virus is introduced from endemic regions.

Published
2011

4. Is Perceived Exposure to Mosquitoes Associated with Actual Exposure? Results from Studies in High-Risk and Low-Risk Geographic Areas

Author

Gaillard, Béatrice, Simard, Frédéric, Dormont, Laurent, Jay-Robert, Pierre, D’Abadie de Lurbe, Denis, Etienne, Manuel, Baudin, Anne, Raude, Jocelyn, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), CEDRE Martinique, EID Méditerranée (EID Méditerranée), Etablissement public administratif, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de l'Ecole d'Architecture de Versailles (LéaV), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles (ENSA-V), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Démoustication et de Recherches Entomologiques [Fort-de-France], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), EHESP, SCD, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Actual Exposure, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Mosquitoes, Perceived Exposure, Exposure
Abstract

International audience; Perceived exposure to mosquitoes plays a fundamental role in the adoption of a range of protective behaviors aiming to prevent and control mosquito-borne disease. However, it is largely unknown in the present literature to what extent perceived exposure is associated with actual exposure. Moreover, the perception of nuisance may depend on the natural environment in which human populations are living, and especially its epidemiological context. In this study, the hypothesis that perceived exposure is driven by mosquito abundance was tested in two different geographic areas. We compared a range of perceived nuisance measures—collected through questionnaires—with egg number measured within ovitraps located in the south of France, which has been recently colonized by an arbovirus vector, and La Martinique island, a tropical French territory, which has a long history of outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens. Unexpectedly, only the nuisance due to mosquito noise was correlated with ovitrap activity in southern France. All other perceived exposure measures, both in the south of France and in Martinique, were not correlated with egg number surrounding households investigated. These results suggest the existence of habituation effects that may disturb the engagement in adaptive behaviors in the face of change in the entomological conditions.

Published
2019

5. La recherche d’une ou plusieurs alternatives à la deltaméthrine

Author

Etienne, Manuel, Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, PNR EST, and Ruaux, Nathalie

Subjects
la Martinique, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Culex quinquefasciatus, alléthrine, deltaméthrine, vecteur, néonicotinoïde, pyréthrinoïde, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, imidaclopride, Aedes aegypti, lutte contre moustique, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, toxicité, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, résistance, méthode alternative
Abstract

À la Martinique, la présence de moustiques génère de lourds impacts d’ordre sanitaire et environnemental. Sur les vingt‐trois espèces actuellement répertoriées, deux ont une forte affinité pour l’Homme et font peser un risque sur la santé et sur le bien‐être de la population : Aedes aegypti et Culex quinquefasciatus. Bien que la lutte contre Ae. aegypti et Cx. quinquefasciatus fasse surtout appel à des traitements des gîtes larvaires et l’assainissement des milieux, le recours à un traitement contre les moustiques adultes est aussi indispensable lorsqu’il s’agit de circonscrire un foyer de dengue, de chikungunya ou de Zika par le biais de pulvérisations à proximité ou dans les habitations. Or, ces deux espèces de moustiques ont développé une résistance à la plupart des insecticides, particulièrement à la deltaméthrine (pyréthrinoïde), seul adulticide dont l’usage est encore autorisé dans les pays de l’Union européenne. C’est dans ce contexte que le projet de recherche "ADULTILAV" prévoit l’évaluation de l’efficacité biologique de ces quatre candidats adulticides potentiellement utilisables en LAV.

Published
2017

6. Importance of mosquito 'quasispecies' in selecting an epidemic arthropod-borne virus

Author

Karima Zouache, Géraldine Piorkowski, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Marie Vazeille, Anna-Bella Failloux, Catherine Dauga, Mosè Manni, Giuliano Gasperi, André Yébakima, Anubis Vega-Rúa, Laurence Mousson, Marie-Christine Vaney, Valérie Caro, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), International Group for Data Analysis (IGDA), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology, Laboratorio degli insetti di interesse agrario e sanitario, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), This study was funded by the Institut Pasteur and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n°. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). KZ was supported by the project 'VECTORIE' and the Foundation Inkermann (Fondation de France)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Università degli Studi di Pavia, DEMESLAY GOUGAM, MARIE, and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aedes albopictus, viruses, Population, Viral quasispecies, Alphavirus, Mosquito Vectors, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Aedes, Chlorocebus aethiops, medicine, Animals, Humans, Chikungunya, education, Vero Cells, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, fungi, virus diseases, Genetic Variation, Fibroblasts, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Congo, Vector (epidemiology), Togaviridae, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Chikungunya Fever, Female, Chikungunya virus, Reunion
Abstract

Most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), perpetuated by alternation between a vertebrate host and an insect vector, are likely to emerge through minor genetic changes enabling the virus to adapt to new hosts. In the past decade, chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) has emerged on La Réunion Island following the selection of a unique substitution in the CHIKV E1 envelope glycoprotein (E1-A226V) of an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype conferring a higher transmission rate by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Assumed to have occurred independently on at least four separate occasions, this evolutionary convergence was suspected to be responsible for CHIKV worldwide expansion. However, assumptions on CHIKV emergence were mainly based on viral genetic changes and the role of the mosquito population quasispecies remained unexplored. Here we show that the nature of the vector population is pivotal in selecting the epidemic CHIKV. We demonstrate using microsatellites mosquito genotyping that Ae. albopictus populations are genetically differentiated, contributing to explain their differential ability to select the E1-226V mutation. Aedes albopictus, newly introduced in Congo coinciding with the first CHIKV outbreak, was not able to select the substitution E1-A226V nor to preferentially transmit a CHIKV clone harboring the E1-226V as did Ae. albopictus from La Réunion.

Published
2016

7. Socio-ecological factors contributing to the exposure of human populations to mosquito bites that transmit dengue fever, chikungunya and zika viruses: a comparison between mainland France and the French Antilles

Author

Claeys, Cécilia, Robles, Christine, Bertaudiere-Montes, Valérie, Deschamps-Cottin, Magali, Tepongning Megnifo, Hervé, Pelagie-Moutenda, Renélise, Jeannin, Charles, Sonor, Fabrice, Dollin, Christelle, Sense, Manon, Bravet, Pauline, Weill, Laura, Demerisse, Claire, Mazurek, Hubert, Arreghini, Louis, Etienne, Manuel, Yébakima, André, Gustave, Joel, Fouque, Florence, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Agence régionale de santé (ARS) de Martinique (ARS Martinique), WHO-TDR Suisse, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-WHO-TDR Suisse, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and WHO-TDR Suisse-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)

Subjects
chikungunya, fungi, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, socio-ecological factors, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Aedes albopictus, dengue, Antilles, Aedes aegypti, interdisciplinarity, Aedes, interdisciplinary research, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; This article presents the findings of a research programme involving bothresearchers and operators involved in Vector Control in France and the French Antilles.We used an interdisciplinary approach to analyse how socio-ecological factors interact tocontribute to the exposure of urban and suburban populations to Aedes aegypti andAedes albopictus, mosquitoes that vector the chikungunya, zika and dengue feverviruses. Our analysis indicates that, beyond the territorial specificities of the sites studied,similar processes work to encourage the presence of mosquitoes at homes in both zones:the presence of water, the structure of gardens, inhabitants’ representations of the riskrelated to mosquitoes, and/or their personal experience. In the French Antilles, thepresence of larval breeding sites is also tied to a lack of urban infrastructure.We identifytwo main categories of larval breeding sites in individual homes: “Behavioural Habitats”(BHs) and “Structural Habitats” (SHs). While the presence of BHs is related to inhabitants’behaviour, SHs are mainly the product of building and garden design. Prevention aimedat curbing larval breeding sites as such needs to begin at the building and garden designstage. This article makes recommendations regarding the layout and management ofbuildings and gardens.

Published
2016

8. Chikungunya Virus Transmission Potential by Local Aedes Mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe

Author

Joël Gustave, Yan-Jang S. Huang, L. Philip Lounibos, Sappho Fuchs, Laurence Mousson, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Isabelle Dusfour, Anubis Vega-Rúa, André Yébakima, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Anna-Bella Failloux, Antoine Nougairède, Xavier de Lamballerie, Marie Vazeille, Souand Mohamed Ali, Romain Girod, Dana L. Vanlandingham, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Agence régionale de santé (ARS) de Martinique (ARS Martinique), Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus - Laboratoire coordonnateur : Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale (ERRIT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Biosecurity Research Institute, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory (IFAS), Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Virus transmission, OUTBREAK, medicine.disease_cause, EMERGENCE, 0302 clinical medicine, REEMERGENCE, Aedes, 11. Sustainability, Genotype, INFECTION, Chikungunya, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Temperature, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Europe, Autochthonous Transmission, Infectious Diseases, PUBLIC-HEALTH, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Chikungunya virus, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Aedes albopictus, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Aedes aegypti, ARBOVIRUS, Biology, Arbovirus, 03 medical and health sciences, AEGYPTI, SURVEILLANCE, medicine, Animals, Saliva, 030304 developmental biology, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Genetic Variation, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, COMPETENCE, Virology, Insect Vectors, Americas, ALBOPICTUS
Abstract

Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), mainly transmitted in urban areas by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, constitutes a major public health problem. In late 2013, CHIKV emerged on Saint-Martin Island in the Caribbean and spread throughout the region reaching more than 40 countries. Thus far, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have been implicated as the sole vector in the outbreaks, leading to the hypothesis that CHIKV spread could be limited only to regions where this mosquito species is dominant. Methodology/Principal Findings We determined the ability of local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the Americas and Europe to transmit the CHIKV strain of the Asian genotype isolated from Saint-Martin Island (CHIKV_SM) during the recent epidemic, and an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype CHIKV strain isolated from La Réunion Island (CHIKV_LR) as a well-characterized control virus. We also evaluated the effect of temperature on transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus. We found that (i) Aedes aegypti from Saint-Martin Island transmit CHIKV_SM and CHIKV_LR with similar efficiency, (ii) Ae. aegypti from the Americas display similar transmission efficiency for CHIKV_SM, (iii) American and European populations of the alternative vector species Ae. albopictus were as competent as Ae. aegypti populations with respect to transmission of CHIKV_SM and (iv) exposure of European Ae. albopictus to low temperatures (20°C) significantly reduced the transmission potential for CHIKV_SM. Conclusions/Significance CHIKV strains belonging to the ECSA genotype could also have initiated local transmission in the new world. Additionally, the ongoing CHIKV outbreak in the Americas could potentially spread throughout Ae. aegypti- and Ae. albopictus-infested regions of the Americas with possible imported cases of CHIKV to Ae. albopictus-infested regions in Europe. Colder temperatures may decrease the local transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus, potentially explaining the lack of autochthonous transmission of CHIKV_SM in Europe despite the hundreds of imported CHIKV cases returning from the Caribbean., Author Summary More than one million chikungunya cases have been reported in the Americas since October 2013, when the Asian genotype of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was imported by a traveller returning from Asia. CHIKV is mainly transmitted in urban areas by the domestic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In this study, we evaluate the potential for the CHIKV circulating in the Caribbean to initiate outbreaks in Aedes-infested regions of continental America and Europe by assessing the ability of local mosquitoes to experimentally transmit the virus. Mosquitoes were exposed to a blood-meal containing the virus which must overcome several barriers to infect various tissues in the vector before being secreted in the mosquito saliva when biting a host. We found that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus transmitted similarly the virus. When exposing Ae. albopictus from Europe at a temperature of 20°C after infection, we detect a significant drop of CHIKV transmission potential. Our results suggest that the CHIKV outbreak in the Americas could potentially spread throughout Ae. aegypti- and Ae. albopictus-infested regions of the Americas however with a limited risk of spillovers in Ae. albopictus-infested regions in Europe. These data will be useful for adapting vector control strategies and epidemiological surveillance.

Published
2015

9. In silico models for predicting vector control chemicals targeting Aedes aegypti

Author

C. Lagneau, A. Yébakima, Armand Lattes, M.M. Clémenté, J.C. Garrigues, James Devillers, Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Insecticides, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Bioengineering, Context (language use), Aedes aegypti, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Aedes, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Computer Simulation, Chikungunya, Larvicide, homology modelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, adulticide, Ecology, business.industry, QSAR, Yellow fever, General Medicine, Articles, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Biotechnology, Insect Vectors, larvicide, Vector (epidemiology), Molecular Medicine, business
Abstract

Human arboviral diseases have emerged or re-emerged in numerous countries worldwide due to a number of factors including the lack of progress in vaccine development, lack of drugs, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, climate changes, societal behaviours, and economical constraints. Thus, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue fever flaviviruses and is also responsible for several recent outbreaks of the chikungunya alphavirus. As for the other mosquito species, the A. aegypti control relies heavily on the use of insecticides. However, because of increasing resistance to the different families of insecticides, reduction of Aedes populations is becoming increasingly difficult. Despite the unquestionable utility of insecticides in fighting mosquito populations, there are very few new insecticides developed and commercialized for vector control. This is because the high cost of the discovery of an insecticide is not counterbalanced by the ‘low profitability’ of the vector control market. Fortunately, the use of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modelling allows the reduction of time and cost in the discovery of new chemical structures potentially active against mosquitoes. In this context, the goal of the present study was to review all the existing QSAR models on A. aegypti. The homology and pharmacophore models were also reviewed. Specific attention was paid to show the variety of targets investigated in Aedes in relation to the physiology and ecology of the mosquito as well as the diversity of the chemical structures which have been proposed, encompassing man-made and natural substances.

Published
2014

10. GENE-DOSAGE EFFECTS ON FITNESS IN RECENT ADAPTIVE DUPLICATIONS: ace-1 IN THE MOSQUITO CULEX PIPIENS

Author

Labbe, Pierrick, Milesi, Pascal, Yébakima, Andre, Pasteur, Nicole, Weill, Mylène, Lenormand, Thomas, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
K E Y W O R D S : Fitness cost, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, resistance gene, overdominance, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], gene duplication, gene dosage, Fitness cost, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

International audience; Gene duplications have long been advocated to contribute to the evolution of new functions. The role of selection in their early spread is more controversial. Unless duplications are favored for a direct benefit of increased expression, they are likely detrimental. In this article, we investigated the case of duplications favored because they combine already functionally divergent alleles. Their gene-dosage/fitness relations are poorly known because selection may operate on both overall expression and duplicates relative dosage. Using the well-documented case of Culex pipiens resistance to insecticides, we compared strains with various ace-1 allele combinations, including two duplicated alleles carrying both susceptible and resistant copies. The overall protein activity was nearly additive, but, surprisingly, fitness correlated better with the relative proportion of susceptible and resistant copies rather than any absolute measure of activity. Gene dosage is thus crucial, duplications stabilizing a "heterozygote" phenotype. It corroborates the view that these were favored because they fix a permanent heterosis, thereby solving the irreducible trade-off between resistance and synaptic transmission. Moreover, we showed that the contrasted successes of the two duplicated alleles in natural populations depend on genetic changes unrelated to ace-1, confirming the probable implication of recessive sublethal mutations linked to structural rearrangements in some duplications.

Published
2014

11. Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus

Author

Daniella Goindin, Marie Vazeille, Anubis Vega-Rúa, Anna-Bella Failloux, Romain Girod, André Yébakima, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Thaís Chouin-Carneiro, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, This study was funded by the Institut Pasteur, the French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n°ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Epidemiology, Physiology, Disease Vectors, Mosquitoes, Geographical locations, Zika virus, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Genotype, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, Guadeloupe, education.field_of_study, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Temperature, MESH: Aedes, MESH: Temperature, Body Fluids, 3. Good health, Insects, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Animal Structures, Anatomy, Martinique, Brazil, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Aedes albopictus, Arthropoda, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, MESH: Zika Virus, MESH: Insect Vectors, Aedes aegypti, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Humidity, parasitic diseases, MESH: Americas, Animals, MESH: Saliva, Saliva, education, Caribbean, fungi, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Chikungunya Infection, Animal Structures, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, Humidity, Zika Virus, South America, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, Virology, United States, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Vector (epidemiology), North America, People and places, Americas
Abstract

Background Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe), North America (southern United States), South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia. Methodology/Principal Findings Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC-2014-5132). Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28°±1°C, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25–30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen), heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level. Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densities of human-biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak., Author Summary Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus causing dengue-like symptoms. This virus was commonly detected in Africa and Asia. Since its emergence in Yap Island in Micronesia in 2007, ZIKV reemerged in the South Pacific region in 2013 and ultimately reached the American continent in 2015. The human biting mosquito Aedes aegypti and the less anthropophilic Aedes albopictus have been incriminated as vectors of ZIKV. Our study showed that American populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were able to become infected and disseminate ZIKV within the mosquito general cavity at early days (4, 7) post-infection (dpi). Nevertheless, transmission was unexpectedly low and only detected at 14 dpi. Our findings will help in designing more adapted vector control strategies and limiting the impact of a new emerging threat on human health in the Americas as did the chikungunya in 2014.

Published
2016

12. Field Efficacy of New Larvicide Products for Control of Multi-Resistant Aedes aegypti Populations in Martinique (French West Indies)

Author

Sébastien Marcombe, Philip Agnew, Vincent Corbel, Marie-Michelle Yp-Tcha, Manuel Etienne, Frédéric Darriet, André Yébakima, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Centre de Démoustication, and Conseil Général de Martinique

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Spinosad, Aedes aegypti, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Dengue, Insecticide Resistance, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Virology, medicine, Animals, Martinique, education, Larvicide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, fungi, Articles, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, 3. Good health, 010602 entomology, Infectious Diseases, Diflubenzuron, chemistry, Larva, Biological Assay, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pyriproxyfen, medicine.drug
Abstract

World-wide dengue vector control is hampered by the spread of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti. We report the resistance status of a wild Ae. aegypti population from Martinique (Vauclin) to conventional larvicides (Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis [Bti] and temephos) and potential alternatives (spinosad, diflubenzuron, and pyriproxyfen). The efficacy and residual activity of these insecticides were evaluated under simulated and field conditions. The Vauclin strain exhibited a high level of resistance to temephos, a tolerance to insect growth regulators, and full susceptibility to spinosad and Bti. In simulated trials, pyriproxyfen and Bti showed long residual activities in permanent breeding containers (28 and 37 weeks), whereas under field conditions they failed to curtail Ae. aegypti populations after four weeks. Conversely, diflubenzuron and spinosad showed a residual efficacy of 16 weeks, suggesting that these chemicals may be promising alternatives to Bti and temephos for controlling insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti populations.

Published
2011

13. Pyrethroid resistance reduces the efficacy of space sprays for dengue control on the Island of Martinique (Caribbean)

Author

Manuel Etienne, Stéphane Duchon, Frédéric Darriet, Sébastien Marcombe, Philip Agnew, André Yébakima, Vincent Corbel, Michel Tolosa, Fabrice Chandre, Marie Michè Le Yp Tcha, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Entente Interdépartementale pour la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen (EID), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Centre de Démoustication, and Conseil Général de Martinique

Subjects
Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Drug Resistance, Mosquitoes, Dengue fever, Dengue Fever, Toxicology, Dengue, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Pyrethrins, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Pyrethroid, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Agriculture, 3. Good health, Mosquito control, Infectious Diseases, Arboviral Infections, Larva, Medicine, Female, Martinique, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Infectious Disease Control, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Aedes aegypti, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Nitriles, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Vectors and Hosts, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Deltamethrin, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pest Control
Abstract

Background Dengue fever is reemerging on the island of Martinique and is a serious threat for the human population. During dengue epidemics, adult Aedes aegypti control with pyrethroid space sprays is implemented in order to rapidly reduce transmission. Unfortunately, vector control programs are facing operational challenges with the emergence of pyrethroid resistant Ae. aegypti populations. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess the impact of pyrethroid resistance on the efficacy of treatments, applications of deltamethrin and natural pyrethrins were performed with vehicle-mounted thermal foggers in 9 localities of Martinique, where Ae. aegypti populations are strongly resistant to pyrethroids. Efficacy was assessed by monitoring mortality rates of naturally resistant and laboratory susceptible mosquitoes placed in sentinel cages. Before, during and after spraying, larval and adult densities were estimated. Results showed high mortality rates of susceptible sentinel mosquitoes treated with deltamethrin while resistant mosquitoes exhibited very low mortality. There was no reduction of either larval or adult Ae. aegypti population densities after treatments. Conclusions/Significance This is the first documented evidence that pyrethroid resistance impedes dengue vector control using pyrethroid-based treatments. These results emphasize the need for alternative tools and strategies for dengue control programs., Author Summary The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of the Dengue virus in human populations and is responsible of serious outbreaks worldwide. In most countries, vector control is implemented by the use of insecticides to reduce mosquito populations. During epidemics, insecticides of the pyrethroid family (blocking the voltage gated sodium channel protein in the nerve sheath) are used by space spraying with vehicle mounted thermal foggers to kill adult mosquitoes. Unfortunately some populations of Ae. aegypti have become resistant to these insecticides, leading to operational challenges for public health services. In Martinique (French West Indies), resistance to pyrethroids was detected in the 1990s. The present study assessed the impact of this resistance on the efficacy of vector control operations in 9 localities of Martinique. Here we showed that the resistance strongly reduces the efficacy of pyrethroid-based treatments, thus emphasizing the urgent need for alternative insecticides or tools to reduce dengue transmission.

Published
2011

14. Field evaluation of pyriproxyfen and spinosad mixture for the control of insecticide resistant Aedes aegypti in Martinique (French West Indies)

Author

Manuel Etienne, Frédéric Darriet, Sébastien Marcombe, Vincent Corbel, Philip Agnew, Marie-Michelle Yp-Tcha, André Yébakima, Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), and Ministère de la Santé

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Spinosad, Aedes aegypti, Biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Insect growth regulator, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, education, education.field_of_study, Pyrethroid, Research, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Biopesticide, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pyriproxyfen, Martinique, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background The resistance of Ae. aegypti to insecticides is already widespread and continues to develop. It represents a serious problem for programmes aimed at the control and prevention of dengue in tropical countries. In the light of this problem measures to control Ae. aegypti are being orientated towards how best to use existing insecticides, notably by combining those that have different modes of action. Results In this study we evaluated the operational efficiency of a mixture composed of pyriproxyfen (an insect growth regulator) and spinosad (a biopesticide) against a population of Ae. aegypti from Martinique resistant to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. The first step consisted of evaluating the efficacy of pyriproxyfen and spinosad when used alone, or in combination, against Ae. aegypti larvae under simulated conditions. The results showed that the mixture of pyriproxyfen+spinosad remained active for at least 8 months, compared with 3 months for spinosad alone, and 5 months for pyriproxyfen alone. In a second step in containers experiencing natural conditions, pyriproxyfen and spinosad, maintained the rate of adult emergence at 20% for 3 weeks and 3.5 months, respectively. Following the same criteria of evaluation, the mixture pyriproxyfen+spinosad remained effective for 4.5 months, showing that the combination of the two larvicides with different modes of action acted to increase the residual activity of the treatment. Conclusion The mixture of pyriproxyfen and spinosad kills larvae and pupae giving it a broader range of action than either insecticide. This mixture could preserve the utility of both insecticides in public health programs.

Published
2010

15. Evolution of resistance under insecticide selection pressure in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) from Martinique

Author

Jacques Rosine, Maïté Marquine, Marie-Michele Yp-Tcha, André Yébakima, Nicole Pasteur, Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Veterinary medicine, Insecticides, Drug Resistance, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ace-1 gene, 0303 health sciences, Larva, education.field_of_study, biology, Geography, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, insecticide resistance, 3. Good health, Culex, Infectious Diseases, Phenotype, Chlorpyrifos, overproduced esterases, Martinique, Temefos, medicine.drug, Pesticide resistance, Genotype, Population, Propoxur, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDE.BE.EVO]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.evo, Animals, education, Permethrin, 030304 developmental biology, mosquitoes, Population Density, General Veterinary, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, Culex quinquefasciatus, Biotechnology, chemistry, allele replacement, Insect Science, Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Population surveys of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus carried out in 1991 and 1999 were compared with data collected in 1990 before the beginning of the control program against this mosquito. Larval samples collected in 1999 displayed resistance to the four tested insecticides: permethrin, propoxur, temephos, and chlorpyrifos. Temepbos resistance ratio at LC50 (RR50) ranged between 8.1- and 42-fold compared with 2.9- and 4.6-fold in 1990, and chlorpyrifos RR50 ranged between 8.6- and 123-fold compared with 6.4- and 19-fold in 1990. This increased resistance to organophosphorus insecticides was associated with a sharp decrease of susceptible genotypes at two loci (Ester and ace-1), as well as to an allele replacement at the Ester locus.

Published
2004

16. An ecological and digital epidemiology analysis on the role of human behavior on the 2014 Chikungunya outbreak in Martinique

Author

Thomas Sochacki, A. Blateau, Renélise Pelagie-Moutenda, Marcel Salathé, Benjamin Roche, Didier Fontenille, Manuel Etienne, André Yébakima, Bernard Cazelles, Frédéric Simard, Martine Ledrans, Lucas Léger, Béatrice Gaillard, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de démoustication, Conseil Général/Direction de la santé et du développement social de la Martinique, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CIRE Antilles-Guyane - Fort de France, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Operations research, Ecology (disciplines), Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Models, Biological, Article, law.invention, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, Martinique, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Behavior, Multidisciplinary, Social network, business.industry, Public health, Environmental resource management, Outbreak, Digital epidemiology, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of endemic infections is of critical importance for a deeper understanding of pathogen transmission, and for the design of more efficient public health strategies. However, very few studies in this domain have focused on emerging infections, generating a gap of knowledge that hampers epidemiological response planning. Here, we analyze the case of a Chikungunya outbreak that occurred in Martinique in 2014. Using time series estimates from a network of sentinel practitioners covering the entire island, we first analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics and show that the largest city has served as the epicenter of this epidemic. We further show that the epidemic spread from there through two different propagation waves moving northwards and southwards, probably by individuals moving along the road network. We then develop a mathematical model to explore the drivers of the temporal dynamics of this mosquito-borne virus. Finally, we show that human behavior, inferred by a textual analysis of messages published on the social network Twitter, is required to explain the epidemiological dynamics over time. Overall, our results suggest that human behavior has been a key component of the outbreak propagation, and we argue that such results can lead to more efficient public health strategies specifically targeting the propagation process.

17. Identification of Metabolic Insecticide Resistance Genes in Aedes Aegypti from Martinique (French West Indies): From Genotypes to Phenotypes

Author

Marcombe, S., Poupardin, R., Darriet, F., Strode, C., Yebakima, A., Ranson, H., jean-philippe DAVID, Corbel, V., Laboratoire de Lutte contre des Insectes Nuisibles (LIN), Institut Recherche Développement, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Centre de démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, and Pla, Kim

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract

International audience

18. Evaluating vector competence for Yellow fever in the Caribbean.

Author

Gabiane G, Bohers C, Mousson L, Obadia T, Dinglasan RR, Vazeille M, Dauga C, Viglietta M, Yébakima A, Vega-Rúa A, Gutiérrez Bugallo G, Gélvez Ramírez RM, Sonor F, Etienne M, Duclovel-Pame N, Blateau A, Smith-Ravin J, De Lamballerie X, and Failloux AB

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Yellow fever virus genetics, Mosquito Vectors, West Indies, Caribbean Region epidemiology, Uganda, Yellow Fever, Aedes
Abstract

The mosquito-borne disease, Yellow fever (YF), has been largely controlled via mass delivery of an effective vaccine and mosquito control interventions. However, there are warning signs that YF is re-emerging in both Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Imported from Africa in slave ships, YF was responsible for devastating outbreaks in the Caribbean. In Martinique, the last YF outbreak was reported in 1908 and the mosquito Aedes aegypti was incriminated as the main vector. We evaluated the vector competence of fifteen Ae. aegypti populations for five YFV genotypes (Bolivia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda). Here we show that mosquito populations from the Caribbean and the Americas were able to transmit the five YFV genotypes, with YFV strains for Uganda and Bolivia having higher transmission success. We also observed that Ae. aegypti populations from Martinique were more susceptible to YFV infection than other populations from neighboring Caribbean islands, as well as North and South America. Our vector competence data suggest that the threat of re-emergence of YF in Martinique and the subsequent spread to Caribbean nations and beyond is plausible., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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19. pWCP is a widely distributed and highly conserved Wolbachia plasmid in Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes worldwide.

Author

Ghousein A, Tutagata J, Schrieke H, Etienne M, Chaumeau V, Boyer S, Pages N, Roiz D, Eren AM, Cambray G, and Reveillaud J

Abstract

Mosquitoes represent the most important pathogen vectors and are responsible for the spread of a wide variety of poorly treatable diseases. Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that are widely distributed among arthropods and collectively represents one of the most promising solutions for vector control. In particular, Wolbachia has been shown to limit the transmission of pathogens, and to dramatically affect the reproductive behavior of their host through its phage WO. While much research has focused on deciphering and exploring the biocontrol applications of these WO-related phenotypes, the extent and potential impact of the Wolbachia mobilome remain poorly appreciated. Notably, several Wolbachia plasmids, carrying WO-like genes and Insertion Sequences (IS), thus possibly interrelated to other genetic units of the endosymbiont, have been recently discovered. Here we investigated the diversity and biogeography of the first described plasmid of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens (pWCP) in several islands and continental countries around the world-including Cambodia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Thailand, and Mexico-together with mosquito strains from colonies that evolved for 2 to 30 years in the laboratory. We used PCR and qPCR to determine the presence and copy number of pWCP in individual mosquitoes, and highly accurate Sanger sequencing to evaluate potential variations. Together with earlier observation, our results show that pWCP is omnipresent and strikingly conserved among Wolbachia populations within mosquitoes from distant geographies and environmental conditions. These data suggest a critical role for the plasmid in Wolbachia ecology and evolution, and the potential of a great tool for further genetic dissection and possible manipulation of this endosymbiont., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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20. The Role of Heterogenous Real-world Data for Dengue Surveillance in Martinique: Observational Retrospective Study.

Author

Sylvestre E, Cécilia-Joseph E, Bouzillé G, Najioullah F, Etienne M, Malouines F, Rosine J, Julié S, Cabié A, and Cuggia M

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Martinique epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract

Background: Traditionally, dengue prevention and control rely on vector control programs and reporting of symptomatic cases to a central health agency. However, case reporting is often delayed, and the true burden of dengue disease is often underestimated. Moreover, some countries do not have routine control measures for vector control. Therefore, researchers are constantly assessing novel data sources to improve traditional surveillance systems. These studies are mostly carried out in big territories and rarely in smaller endemic regions, such as Martinique and the Lesser Antilles., Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether heterogeneous real-world data sources could help reduce reporting delays and improve dengue monitoring in Martinique island, a small endemic region., Methods: Heterogenous data sources (hospitalization data, entomological data, and Google Trends) and dengue surveillance reports for the last 14 years (January 2007 to February 2021) were analyzed to identify associations with dengue outbreaks and their time lags., Results: The dengue hospitalization rate was the variable most strongly correlated with the increase in dengue positivity rate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.70) with a time lag of -3 weeks. Weekly entomological interventions were also correlated with the increase in dengue positivity rate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.59) with a time lag of -2 weeks. The most correlated query from Google Trends was the "Dengue" topic restricted to the Martinique region (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.637) with a time lag of -3 weeks., Conclusions: Real-word data are valuable data sources for dengue surveillance in smaller territories. Many of these sources precede the increase in dengue cases by several weeks, and therefore can help to improve the ability of traditional surveillance systems to provide an early response in dengue outbreaks. All these sources should be better integrated to improve the early response to dengue outbreaks and vector-borne diseases in smaller endemic territories., (©Emmanuelle Sylvestre, Elsa Cécilia-Joseph, Guillaume Bouzillé, Fatiha Najioullah, Manuel Etienne, Fabrice Malouines, Jacques Rosine, Sandrine Julié, André Cabié, Marc Cuggia. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 22.12.2022.)

Published
2022
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21. First detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in natural populations of Aedes aegypti in Martinique during the 2013 - 2015 concomitant outbreak.

Author

Farraudière L, Sonor F, Crico S, Étienne M, Mousson L, Hamel R, Missé D, Failloux AB, Simard F, and Yébakima A

Subjects
Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Martinique epidemiology, Aedes virology, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Dengue epidemiology, Dengue Virus isolation & purification, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract

Dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In Martinique, an island of the French West Indies, Aedes aegypti is the suspected vector of both arboviruses; there is no Aedes albopictus on the island. During the concomitant outbreak of 2013 - 2015, the authors collected wild A. aegypti populations, and for the first time, detected dengue and chikungunya viruses in field-collected females. This paper demonstrates the mosquito's role in transmission of both dengue and chikungunya on the island, and also highlights a tool that public health authorities can use for preventing outbreaks.

Published
2017

22. An ecological and digital epidemiology analysis on the role of human behavior on the 2014 Chikungunya outbreak in Martinique.

Author

Roche B, Gaillard B, Léger L, Pélagie-Moutenda R, Sochacki T, Cazelles B, Ledrans M, Blateau A, Fontenille D, Etienne M, Simard F, Salathé M, and Yébakima A

Subjects
Humans, Martinique epidemiology, Models, Biological, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Behavior, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract

Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of endemic infections is of critical importance for a deeper understanding of pathogen transmission, and for the design of more efficient public health strategies. However, very few studies in this domain have focused on emerging infections, generating a gap of knowledge that hampers epidemiological response planning. Here, we analyze the case of a Chikungunya outbreak that occurred in Martinique in 2014. Using time series estimates from a network of sentinel practitioners covering the entire island, we first analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics and show that the largest city has served as the epicenter of this epidemic. We further show that the epidemic spread from there through two different propagation waves moving northwards and southwards, probably by individuals moving along the road network. We then develop a mathematical model to explore the drivers of the temporal dynamics of this mosquito-borne virus. Finally, we show that human behavior, inferred by a textual analysis of messages published on the social network Twitter, is required to explain the epidemiological dynamics over time. Overall, our results suggest that human behavior has been a key component of the outbreak propagation, and we argue that such results can lead to more efficient public health strategies specifically targeting the propagation process.

Published
2017
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23. Importance of mosquito "quasispecies" in selecting an epidemic arthropod-borne virus.

Author

Vazeille M, Zouache K, Vega-Rúa A, Thiberge JM, Caro V, Yébakima A, Mousson L, Piorkowski G, Dauga C, Vaney MC, Manni M, Gasperi G, de Lamballerie X, and Failloux AB

Subjects
Animals, Chikungunya Fever virology, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Chikungunya virus pathogenicity, Chlorocebus aethiops, Congo, Female, Fibroblasts virology, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Humans, Phylogeny, Reunion, Vero Cells, Viral Load, Aedes genetics, Aedes virology, Chikungunya Fever transmission, Chikungunya virus genetics, Mosquito Vectors virology
Abstract

Most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), perpetuated by alternation between a vertebrate host and an insect vector, are likely to emerge through minor genetic changes enabling the virus to adapt to new hosts. In the past decade, chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) has emerged on La Réunion Island following the selection of a unique substitution in the CHIKV E1 envelope glycoprotein (E1-A226V) of an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype conferring a higher transmission rate by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Assumed to have occurred independently on at least four separate occasions, this evolutionary convergence was suspected to be responsible for CHIKV worldwide expansion. However, assumptions on CHIKV emergence were mainly based on viral genetic changes and the role of the mosquito population quasispecies remained unexplored. Here we show that the nature of the vector population is pivotal in selecting the epidemic CHIKV. We demonstrate using microsatellites mosquito genotyping that Ae. albopictus populations are genetically differentiated, contributing to explain their differential ability to select the E1-226V mutation. Aedes albopictus, newly introduced in Congo coinciding with the first CHIKV outbreak, was not able to select the substitution E1-A226V nor to preferentially transmit a CHIKV clone harboring the E1-226V as did Ae. albopictus from La Réunion.

Published
2016
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24. Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus.

Author

Chouin-Carneiro T, Vega-Rua A, Vazeille M, Yebakima A, Girod R, Goindin D, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, and Failloux AB

Subjects
Americas, Animal Structures virology, Animals, Humidity, Saliva virology, Temperature, Aedes virology, Insect Vectors virology, Zika Virus growth & development, Zika Virus isolation & purification
Abstract

Background: Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe), North America (southern United States), South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia., Methodology/principal Findings: Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC-2014-5132). Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28° ± 1 °C, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25-30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen), heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level., Conclusions/significance: This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densities of human-biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak.

Published
2016
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25. Chikungunya virus transmission potential by local Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe.

Author

Vega-Rúa A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Fuchs S, Yébakima A, Gustave J, Girod R, Dusfour I, Leparc-Goffart I, Vanlandingham DL, Huang YJ, Lounibos LP, Mohamed Ali S, Nougairede A, de Lamballerie X, and Failloux AB

Subjects
Americas, Animals, Chikungunya virus genetics, Europe, Female, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Saliva virology, Temperature, Aedes virology, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Insect Vectors virology
Abstract

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), mainly transmitted in urban areas by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, constitutes a major public health problem. In late 2013, CHIKV emerged on Saint-Martin Island in the Caribbean and spread throughout the region reaching more than 40 countries. Thus far, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have been implicated as the sole vector in the outbreaks, leading to the hypothesis that CHIKV spread could be limited only to regions where this mosquito species is dominant., Methodology/principal Findings: We determined the ability of local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the Americas and Europe to transmit the CHIKV strain of the Asian genotype isolated from Saint-Martin Island (CHIKV_SM) during the recent epidemic, and an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype CHIKV strain isolated from La Réunion Island (CHIKV_LR) as a well-characterized control virus. We also evaluated the effect of temperature on transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus. We found that (i) Aedes aegypti from Saint-Martin Island transmit CHIKV_SM and CHIKV_LR with similar efficiency, (ii) Ae. aegypti from the Americas display similar transmission efficiency for CHIKV_SM, (iii) American and European populations of the alternative vector species Ae. albopictus were as competent as Ae. aegypti populations with respect to transmission of CHIKV_SM and (iv) exposure of European Ae. albopictus to low temperatures (20°C) significantly reduced the transmission potential for CHIKV_SM., Conclusions/significance: CHIKV strains belonging to the ECSA genotype could also have initiated local transmission in the new world. Additionally, the ongoing CHIKV outbreak in the Americas could potentially spread throughout Ae. aegypti- and Ae. albopictus-infested regions of the Americas with possible imported cases of CHIKV to Ae. albopictus-infested regions in Europe. Colder temperatures may decrease the local transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus, potentially explaining the lack of autochthonous transmission of CHIKV_SM in Europe despite the hundreds of imported CHIKV cases returning from the Caribbean.

Published
2015
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26. Genetic heterogeneity of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Martinique.

Author

Yébakima A, Charles C, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Yp-Tcha MM, and Failloux AB

Subjects
Aedes virology, Animals, Gene Frequency, Martinique, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, Aedes genetics, Dengue, Dengue Virus isolation & purification, Genetic Heterogeneity, Insect Vectors genetics
Abstract

In Martinique, Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses has been the target of insecticide control for more than 35 years. Despite significant control efforts, dengue has become a major disease of public health concern. We conducted a population genetic analysis based on isoenzyme variations combined with an estimation of infection rate to a dengue virus among 26 Ae. aegypti samples. Aedes aegypti samples could be differentiated for their susceptibility to dengue infection (infection rates ranging from 42.8% to 98.6%) and showed important genetic variation (significant F(ST) values).

Published
2004
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