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1. A genomic approach to therapeutic target validation identifies a glucose-lowering GLP1R variant protective for coronary heart disease

Author

Scott, Robert A, Freitag, Daniel F, Li, Li, Chu, Audrey Y, Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Grarup, Niels, Stancáková, Alena, Chen, Yuning, Varga, Tibor V, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Luan, Jian’an, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M, Wessel, Jennifer, Wang, Shuai, Maruthur, Nisa, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirie, Ailith, van der Lee, Sven J, Gillson, Christopher, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Amouyel, Philippe, Arriola, Larraitz, Arveiler, Dominique, Aviles-Olmos, Iciar, Balkau, Beverley, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barroso, Inês, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Bis, Joshua C, Blankenberg, Stefan, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid B, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bowden, Sarah, Caldas, Carlos, Caslake, Muriel, consortium, The CVD50, Cupples, L Adrienne, Cruchaga, Carlos, Czajkowski, Jacek, Hoed, Marcel den, Dunn, Janet A, Earl, Helena M, Ehret, Georg B, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Foltynie, Thomas, Ford, Ian, Forouhi, Nita G, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gonzalez, Carlos, Grioni, Sara, Hiller, Louise, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jukema, J Wouter, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kee, Frank, Kerrison, Nicola D, Key, Timothy J, Kontto, Jukka, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Kraja, Aldi T, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Chunyu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mohlke, Karen L, Morris, Andrew P, Muir, Kenneth, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Navarro, Carmen, Nielsen, Sune F, Nilsson, Peter M, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Packard, Chris J, Palli, Domenico, Panico, Salvatore, Peloso, Gina M, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Poole, Christopher J, Quirós, J Ramón, Rolandsson, Olov, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Salomaa, Veikko, Sánchez, María-José, Sattar, Naveed, Sharp, Stephen J, Sims, Rebecca, Slimani, Nadia, Smith, Jennifer A, Thompson, Deborah J, and Trompet, Stella

Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Human Genome, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Obesity, Genetics, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aetiology, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Alleles, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4, Genotype, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Humans, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Receptors, Somatostatin, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, CVD50 consortium, GERAD_EC Consortium, Neurology Working Group of the Cohorts for Heart, Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology, Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium, Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Cardiovascular Disease, EPIC-InterAct, CHARGE consortium, CHD Exome+ Consortium, CARDIOGRAM Exome Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Regulatory authorities have indicated that new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) should not be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Human genetics may be able to guide development of antidiabetic therapies by predicting cardiovascular and other health endpoints. We therefore investigated the association of variants in six genes that encode drug targets for obesity or T2D with a range of metabolic traits in up to 11,806 individuals by targeted exome sequencing and follow-up in 39,979 individuals by targeted genotyping, with additional in silico follow-up in consortia. We used these data to first compare associations of variants in genes encoding drug targets with the effects of pharmacological manipulation of those targets in clinical trials. We then tested the association of those variants with disease outcomes, including coronary heart disease, to predict cardiovascular safety of these agents. A low-frequency missense variant (Ala316Thr; rs10305492) in the gene encoding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), the target of GLP1R agonists, was associated with lower fasting glucose and T2D risk, consistent with GLP1R agonist therapies. The minor allele was also associated with protection against heart disease, thus providing evidence that GLP1R agonists are not likely to be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Our results provide an encouraging signal that these agents may be associated with benefit, a question currently being addressed in randomized controlled trials. Genetic variants associated with metabolic traits and multiple disease outcomes can be used to validate therapeutic targets at an early stage in the drug development process.

Published
2016

2. Studies on the structural and metabolic heterogeneity in low density lipoprotein

Author

Caslake, Muriel

Subjects
572, Heart disease, Cholesterol
Abstract

This thesis sought to investigate the relationship between structural and metabolic heterogeneity in LDL and examine the influence of plasma triglyceride on the properties of this lipoprotein. A technique to quantify individual LDL subfractions was developed which was superior to previously published methods and was employed to characterise three LDL subfractions in normals and in subjects with coronary disease, primary hyperlipidaemia and the secondary hyperlipidaemia observed in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the nephrotic syndrome. In a case controlled study, a sevenfold increased risk of myocardial infarction was found to be associated with a concentration of small dense LDL III > 100mg/100ml. Subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia, combined hyperlipidaemia and the secondary hyperlipidaemia were found to exhibit an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype of raised plasma triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol and a preponderance of small dense LDL. The data in the entire cohort was pooled and multivariate analysis revealed that plasma triglyceride was the most important independent predictor of LDL III. Pharmacological modulation of the LDL profile was investigated in normals and in a variety of hyperlipidaemic states using the main classes of lipid lowering drugs- resins, nicotinic acid derivatives, fibrates and statins. Those drugs which act through the lowering of plasma triglyceride reduced the concentrations of LDL III and those whose mode of action is by activation of the LDL receptor, reduced the concentrations of the larger LDL I and LDL II species. An important finding was in the unexpected beneficial effect of statins in combined hyperlipidaemia when LDL III concentrations were lower than expected for the plasma triglyceride level. Kinetic heterogeneity of LDL was studied by undertaking radioactive turnovers in normals and hypercholesterolaemic subjects who were given triglyceride lowering therapy. A two pool model for plasma LDL was developed to explain the radioactive decay curves of plasma and urine. One pool (pool A) was rapidly removed by the LDL receptor while the other (pool B) was more slowly removed and its synthesis was positively related to plasma triglyceride. The kinetics of apo-LDL were further examined in subjects with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia. Here it was necessary to expand the model to a third plasma pool (pool C) to account for an LDL species which was rapidly catabolised by receptor- independent mechanisms. A high level of receptor-independent catabolism was associated with an increased ratio of LDL III to LDL II. Pool C was seen in subjects with plasma triglyceride >2.5mmol/l in whom there was the presence of an abnormally small, dense LDL. On the basis of these observations and published VLDL metabolic studies, a model was postulated in which pool A LDL was produced from the delipidation of hepatic lipoproteins secreted in the Sf 0-60 density range and circulated m the form LDL I and LDL II. Pool B LDL, on the other hand, was derived from large triglyceride-rich VLDL of Sf 60-400 and circulates in most subjects in the form of LDL II. Neutral lipid exchange and lipolysis via the agency of hepatic lipase converts a proportion of pool B LDL II to LDL III, depending on the level of plasma triglyceride and the activity of the lipase enzyme. The data presented in this thesis are in line with current concepts of the atherogenicity of small dense LDL and provide evidence that it is an independent risk factor for coronary disease. It demonstrates that the properties of LDL are strongly influenced by its pedigree. Furthermore it shows that there are currently available drugs that are capable of altering not only the quantity of LDL but also its quality and offer hope in the continuing problem of tackling coronary heart disease.

Published
1996

7. CD36 and SR-BI Are Involved in Cellular Uptake of Provitamin A Carotenoids by Caco-2 and HEK Cells, and Some of Their Genetic Variants Are Associated with Plasma Concentrations of These Micronutrients in Humans1-3

Author

Borel, Patrick, Lietz, Georg, Goncalves, Aurélie, de Edelenyi, Fabien Szabo, Lecompte, Sophie, Curtis, Peter, Goumidi, Louisa, Caslake, Muriel J., Miles, Elizabeth A., Packard, Christopher, Calder, Philip C., Mathers, John C., Minihane, Anne M., Tourniaire, Franck, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Breidenassel, Christina, Gross, Marcela González, Moussa, Myriam, Meirhaeghe, Aline, and Reboul, Emmanuelle

Published
2013
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13. Exome Chip Meta-analysis Fine Maps Causal Variants and Elucidates the Genetic Architecture of Rare Coding Variants in Smoking and Alcohol Use

Author

Brazel, David M., Jiang, Yu, Hughey, Jordan M., Turcot, Valerie, Zhan, Xiaowei, Gong, Jian, Batini, Chiara, Weissenkampen, J. Dylan, Liu, MengZhen, Barnes, Daniel R., Bertelsen, Sarah, Chou, Yi-Ling, Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, Faul, Jessica D., Haessler, Jeff, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hsu, Chris, Kapoor, Manav, Lai, Dongbing, Le, Nhung, de Leeuw, Christiaan A., Loukola, Anu, Mangino, Massimo, Melbourne, Carl A., Pistis, Giorgio, Qaiser, Beenish, Rohde, Rebecca, Shao, Yaming, Stringham, Heather, Wetherill, Leah, Zhao, Wei, Agrawal, Arpana, Bierut, Laura, Chen, Chu, Eaton, Charles B., Goate, Alison, Haiman, Christopher, Heath, Andrew, Iacono, William G., Martin, Nicholas G., Polderman, Tinca J., Reiner, Alex, Rice, John, Schlessinger, David, Scholte, H. Steven, Smith, Jennifer A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Tindle, Hilary A., van der Leij, Andries R., Boehnke, Michael, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cucca, Francesco, David, Sean P., Foroud, Tatiana, Howson, Joanna M. M., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kooperberg, Charles, Laakso, Markku, Lettre, Guillaume, Madden, Pamela, Mcgue, Matt, North, Kari, Posthuma, Danielle, Spector, Timothy, Stram, Daniel, Tobin, Martin D., Weir, David R., Kaprio, Jaakko, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Liu, Dajiang J., Vrieze, Scott, Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Rasheed, Asif, Samuel, Maria, Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Caslake, Muriel, de Craen, Anton J. M., Trompet, Stella, Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstig, Anders, Reily, Dermot F., Hoek, Maarten, Vogt, Thomas, Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Ford, Ian, Packard, Chris J., Alam, Dewan S., Majumder, Abdulla al Shafi, Di Ange-Lantonio, Emanuele, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Amouyel, Philippe, Arveiler, Dominique, Blankenberg, Stefan, Ferrieres, Jean, Kee, Frank, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Veronesi, Giovanni, Virtamo, Jarmo, Frossard, Philippe, Nordestgaard, Borge Gronne, Saleheen, Danish, Danesh, John, Butterworth, Adam S., Jackson, Victoria E., Varga, Tibor V., Warren, Helen R., Tragante, Vinicius, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Harris, Sarah E., Evangelou, Evangelos, Marten, Jonathan, Zhang, Weihua, Altmaier, Elisabeth, Luan, Jian'an, Langenberg, Claudia, Scott, Robert A., Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Stirrups, Kathleen, Kanoni, Stavroula, Marouli, Eirini, Karpe, Fredrik, Dominiczak, Anna F., Sever, Peter, Poulter, Neil, Rolandsson, Olov, Baumbach, Clemens, Afaq, Saima, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Wareham, Nicholas J., Renstrom, Frida, Hallmans, Goran, Marioni, Riccardo E., Corley, Janie, Starr, John M., Verweij, Niek, de Boer, Rudolf A., van der Meer, Peter, Yavas, Ersin, Vaartjes, Ilonca, Bots, Michiel L., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Grabe, Hans J., Volzke, Henry, Nauck, Matthias, Weiss, Stefan, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Dennis, Joe G., Thompson, Deborah J., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Easton, Douglas F., Antoniou, Antonis C., Tyrrell, Jessica, Mihailov, Evelin, Samani, Nilesh J., Zhou, Kaixin, Neville, Matthew J., Metspalu, Andres, Palmer, Colin N. A., Hall, Ian P., Strachan, David P., Deary, Ian J., Frayling, Tim M., Hayward, Caroline, van der Harst, Pim, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Munroe, Patricia B., Jansson, Jan-Hakan, Franks, Paul W., Deloukas, Panos, Caulfield, Mark J., Wain, Louise V., Brazel, David M., Jiang, Yu, Hughey, Jordan M., Turcot, Valerie, Zhan, Xiaowei, Gong, Jian, Batini, Chiara, Weissenkampen, J. Dylan, Liu, MengZhen, Barnes, Daniel R., Bertelsen, Sarah, Chou, Yi-Ling, Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, Faul, Jessica D., Haessler, Jeff, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hsu, Chris, Kapoor, Manav, Lai, Dongbing, Le, Nhung, de Leeuw, Christiaan A., Loukola, Anu, Mangino, Massimo, Melbourne, Carl A., Pistis, Giorgio, Qaiser, Beenish, Rohde, Rebecca, Shao, Yaming, Stringham, Heather, Wetherill, Leah, Zhao, Wei, Agrawal, Arpana, Bierut, Laura, Chen, Chu, Eaton, Charles B., Goate, Alison, Haiman, Christopher, Heath, Andrew, Iacono, William G., Martin, Nicholas G., Polderman, Tinca J., Reiner, Alex, Rice, John, Schlessinger, David, Scholte, H. Steven, Smith, Jennifer A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Tindle, Hilary A., van der Leij, Andries R., Boehnke, Michael, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cucca, Francesco, David, Sean P., Foroud, Tatiana, Howson, Joanna M. M., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kooperberg, Charles, Laakso, Markku, Lettre, Guillaume, Madden, Pamela, Mcgue, Matt, North, Kari, Posthuma, Danielle, Spector, Timothy, Stram, Daniel, Tobin, Martin D., Weir, David R., Kaprio, Jaakko, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Liu, Dajiang J., Vrieze, Scott, Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Rasheed, Asif, Samuel, Maria, Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Caslake, Muriel, de Craen, Anton J. M., Trompet, Stella, Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstig, Anders, Reily, Dermot F., Hoek, Maarten, Vogt, Thomas, Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Ford, Ian, Packard, Chris J., Alam, Dewan S., Majumder, Abdulla al Shafi, Di Ange-Lantonio, Emanuele, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Amouyel, Philippe, Arveiler, Dominique, Blankenberg, Stefan, Ferrieres, Jean, Kee, Frank, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Veronesi, Giovanni, Virtamo, Jarmo, Frossard, Philippe, Nordestgaard, Borge Gronne, Saleheen, Danish, Danesh, John, Butterworth, Adam S., Jackson, Victoria E., Varga, Tibor V., Warren, Helen R., Tragante, Vinicius, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Harris, Sarah E., Evangelou, Evangelos, Marten, Jonathan, Zhang, Weihua, Altmaier, Elisabeth, Luan, Jian'an, Langenberg, Claudia, Scott, Robert A., Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Stirrups, Kathleen, Kanoni, Stavroula, Marouli, Eirini, Karpe, Fredrik, Dominiczak, Anna F., Sever, Peter, Poulter, Neil, Rolandsson, Olov, Baumbach, Clemens, Afaq, Saima, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Wareham, Nicholas J., Renstrom, Frida, Hallmans, Goran, Marioni, Riccardo E., Corley, Janie, Starr, John M., Verweij, Niek, de Boer, Rudolf A., van der Meer, Peter, Yavas, Ersin, Vaartjes, Ilonca, Bots, Michiel L., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Grabe, Hans J., Volzke, Henry, Nauck, Matthias, Weiss, Stefan, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Dennis, Joe G., Thompson, Deborah J., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Easton, Douglas F., Antoniou, Antonis C., Tyrrell, Jessica, Mihailov, Evelin, Samani, Nilesh J., Zhou, Kaixin, Neville, Matthew J., Metspalu, Andres, Palmer, Colin N. A., Hall, Ian P., Strachan, David P., Deary, Ian J., Frayling, Tim M., Hayward, Caroline, van der Harst, Pim, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Munroe, Patricia B., Jansson, Jan-Hakan, Franks, Paul W., Deloukas, Panos, Caulfield, Mark J., and Wain, Louise V.

Published
2019

15. Effects of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoprotein concentrations, compositions, and subfraction distributions and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics: dose-dependent effects on LDL

Author

Gill, Jason MR, Brown, Jacqueline C, Caslake, Muriel J, Wright, Dawn M, Cooney, Josephine, Bedford, Dorothy, Hughes, David A, Stanley, John C, and Packard, Chris J

Subjects
Saturated fatty acids -- Health aspects, Monounsaturated fatty acids -- Physiological aspects, Cholesterol, LDL -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) lowers LDL cholesterol, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: We assessed the effects of replacing dietary SFAs with MUFAs on concentrations and subclass distributions of VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics. Design: Thirty-five moderately hypercholesterolemic, middle-aged volunteers consumed for 6 wk, in random order, diets containing low (L-MUFA; 7.8% of energy from MUFAs), moderate (M-MUFA; 10.3% from MUFAs), or high (H-MUFA; 13.7% from MUFAs) amounts of MUFAs. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects after each intervention. VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetic studies were performed in a subgroup after the L-MUFA and H-MUFA diets. Results: Plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing intakes of dietary MUFAs. This change was entirely accounted for by reduced LDL cholesterol (-0.20 and -0.49 mmol/L after the M-MUFA and H-MUFA diets, respectively, compared with the concentration after the L-MUFA diet; P for trend < 0.01). Plasma triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol were not significantly affected by the dietary intervention, nor were the concentrations of [VLDL.sub.1] ([S.sub.f] 60-400), [VLDL.sub.2] ([S.sub.f] 20-60), or intermediate-density lipoprotein ([S.sub.f] 12-20). Production and catabolic rates for [VLDL.sub.1] and [VLDL.sub.2] were also unaffected. HDL and LDL subclass distributions were not significantly altered, but as a consequence of the overall LDL lowering, concentrations of atherogenic LDL-III were 25% lower after the H-MUFA diet than after the L-MUFA diet (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The effects of replacing dietary SFAs with MUFAs on lipoprotein metabolism appear to be almost exclusively limited to the LDL density class. KEY WORDS Monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, LDL, VLDL, lipoprotein subfractions, cholesterol

Published
2003

18. miR‐34a−/− mice are susceptible to diet‐induced obesity

Author

Lavery, Christopher A., Kurowska‐Stolarska, Mariola, Holmes, William M., Donnelly, Iona, Caslake, Muriel, Collier, Andrew, Baker, Andrew H., and Miller, Ashley M.

Subjects
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Adipose Tissue, White, Macrophages, Original Articles, Diet, High-Fat, Interleukin-10, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, MicroRNAs, Adipose Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Liver, Animals, Original Article, Obesity Biology and Integrated Physiology, Obesity
Abstract

Objective MicroRNA (miR)−34a regulates inflammatory pathways, and increased transcripts have been observed in serum and subcutaneous adipose of subjects who have obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the role of miR‐34a in adipose tissue inflammation and lipid metabolism in murine diet‐induced obesity was investigated. Methods Wild‐type (WT) and miR‐34a−/− mice were fed chow or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. WT and miR‐34a−/− bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured in vitro with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). Brown and white preadipocytes were cultured from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of intrascapular brown and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), with rosiglitazone. Results HFD‐fed miR‐34a−/− mice were significantly heavier with a greater increase in eWAT weight than WT. miR‐34a−/− eWAT had a smaller adipocyte area, which significantly increased with HFD. miR‐34a−/− eWAT showed basal increases in Cd36, Hmgcr, Lxrα, Pgc1α, and Fasn. miR‐34a−/− intrascapular brown adipose tissue had basal reductions in c/ebpα and c/ebpβ, with in vitro miR‐34a−/− white adipocytes showing increased lipid content. An F4/80high macrophage population was present in HFD miR‐34a−/− eWAT, with increased IL‐10 transcripts and serum IL‐5 protein. Finally, miR‐34a−/− bone marrow‐derived macrophages showed an ablated CXCL1 response to tumor necrosis factor‐α. Conclusions These findings suggest a multifactorial role of miR‐34a in controlling susceptibility to obesity, by regulating inflammatory and metabolic pathways.

Published
2016

20. Familial combined hyperlipidaemia linked to the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster on chromosome 11q23-q24

Author

Wojciechowski, Andrew P, Farrall, Martin, Cullen, Paul, Wilson, Teresa M E, Bayliss, Jayne D, Farren, Bernadette, Griffin, Bruce A, Caslake, Muriel J, Packard, Christopher J, Shepherd, James, Thakker, Rajesh, and Scott, James

Subjects
Familial diseases -- Genetic aspects, Hyperlipidemia -- Genetic aspects, Hyperlipidemia -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is an inherited disorder of fat metabolism that causes as many as 10 percent of the cases of premature disease of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with blood. One fifth of the patients with FCHL develop premature coronary heart disease. FCHL sufferers have elevated blood cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels, as well as abnormal low-density lipoproteins (forms in which fats are carried in the blood). To better characterize the gene defect associated with FCHL, members of eight FCHL families were studied. Techniques of DNA analysis and linkage analysis were used to identify the gene cluster associated with FCHL in the families evaluated. It was found to be the AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster, which contained the X2 allele in half the affected families. This region appears to carry a genetic defect that causes a metabolic disorder that in turn predisposes the individual to develop premature coronary heart disease. Further research is needed to identify the mutation present in people at risk. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

21. Replication of LDL GWAs hits in PROSPER/PHASE as validation for future (pharmaco)genetic analyses

Author

Stott David J, Caslake Muriel, Sattar Naveed, Ford Ian, Postmus Iris, de Craen Anton JM, Trompet Stella, Buckley Brendan M, Sacks Frank, Devlin James J, Slagboom P, Westendorp Rudi GJ, and Jukema J

Subjects
Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The PHArmacogenetic study of Statins in the Elderly at risk (PHASE) is a genome wide association study in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at risk for vascular disease (PROSPER) that investigates the genetic variation responsible for the individual variation in drug response to pravastatin. Statins lower LDL-cholesterol in general by 30%, however not in all subjects. Moreover, clinical response is highly variable and adverse effects occur in a minority of patients. In this report we first describe the rationale of the PROSPER/PHASE project and second show that the PROSPER/PHASE study can be used to study pharmacogenetics in the elderly. Methods The genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the Illumina 660K-Quad beadchips following manufacturer's instructions. After a stringent quality control 557,192 SNPs in 5,244 subjects were available for analysis. To maximize the availability of genetic data and coverage of the genome, imputation up to 2.5 million autosomal CEPH HapMap SNPs was performed with MACH imputation software. The GWAS for LDL-cholesterol is assessed with an additive linear regression model in PROBABEL software, adjusted for age, sex, and country of origin to account for population stratification. Results Forty-two SNPs reached the GWAS significant threshold of p = 5.0e-08 in 5 genomic loci (APOE/APOC1; LDLR; FADS2/FEN1; HMGCR; PSRC1/CELSR5). The top SNP (rs445925, chromosome 19) with a p-value of p = 2.8e-30 is located within the APOC1 gene and near the APOE gene. The second top SNP (rs6511720, chromosome 19) with a p-value of p = 5.22e-15 is located within the LDLR gene. All 5 genomic loci were previously associated with LDL-cholesterol levels, no novel loci were identified. Replication in WOSCOPS and CARE confirmed our results. Conclusion With the GWAS in the PROSPER/PHASE study we confirm the previously found genetic associations with LDL-cholesterol levels. With this proof-of-principle study we show that the PROSPER/PHASE study can be used to investigate genetic associations in a similar way to population based studies. The next step of the PROSPER/PHASE study is to identify the genetic variation responsible for the variation in LDL-cholesterol lowering in response to statin treatment in collaboration with other large trials.

Published
2011
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23. Genetic invalidation of Lp-PLA2 as a therapeutic target: Large-scale study of five functional Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles

Author

Gregson, John M, Freitag, Daniel F, Surendran, Praveen, Stitziel, Nathan O, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Burgess, Stephen, Kaptoge, Stephen, Gao, Pei, Staley, James R, Willeit, Peter, Nielsen, Sune F, Caslake, Muriel, Trompet, Stella, Polfus, Linda M, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Blankenberg, Stefan, Veronesi, Giovanni, Gianfagna, Francesco, Männistö, Satu, Kimura, Akinori, Lin, Honghuang, Reilly, Dermot F, Gorski, Mathias, Mijatovic, Vladan, Munroe, Patricia B, Ehret, Georg B, Thompson, Alex, Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstig, Anders, Dehghan, Abbas, Vogt, Thomas F, Sasaoka, Taishi, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Kato, Norihiro, Yamada, Yoshiji, Kee, Frank, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ferrières, Jean, Arveiler, Dominique, Amouyel, Philippe, Salomaa, Veikko, Boerwinkle, Eric, Thompson, Simon G, Ford, Ian, Wouter Jukema, J, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris J, Shafi Majumder, Abdulla al, Alam, Dewan S, Deloukas, Panos, Schunkert, Heribert, Samani, Nilesh J, Kathiresan, Sekar, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Saleheen, Danish, Howson, Joanna MM, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S, and Danesh, John

Published
2017

25. Genetic invalidation of Lp-PLA2 as a therapeutic target:Large-scale study of five functional Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles

Author

Gregson, John M, Freitag, Daniel F, Surendran, Praveen, Stitziel, Nathan O, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Burgess, Stephen, Kaptoge, Stephen, Gao, Pei, Staley, James R, Willeit, Peter, Nielsen, Sune F, Caslake, Muriel, Trompet, Stella, Polfus, Linda M, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Blankenberg, Stefan, Veronesi, Giovanni, Gianfagna, Francesco, Männistö, Satu, Kimura, Akinori, Lin, Honghuang, Reilly, Dermot F, Gorski, Mathias, Mijatovic, Vladan, Munroe, Patricia B, Ehret, Georg B, Thompson, Alex, Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstig, Anders, Dehghan, Abbas, Vogt, Thomas F, Sasaoka, Taishi, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Kato, Norihiro, Yamada, Yoshiji, Kee, Frank, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ferrières, Jean, Arveiler, Dominique, Amouyel, Philippe, Salomaa, Veikko, Boerwinkle, Eric, Thompson, Simon G, Ford, Ian, Wouter Jukema, J, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris J, Shafi Majumder, Abdulla Al, Alam, Dewan S, Deloukas, Panos, Schunkert, Heribert, Samani, Nilesh J, Kathiresan, Sekar, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Saleheen, Danish, Howson, Joanna Mm, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S, Danesh, John, Gregson, John M, Freitag, Daniel F, Surendran, Praveen, Stitziel, Nathan O, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Burgess, Stephen, Kaptoge, Stephen, Gao, Pei, Staley, James R, Willeit, Peter, Nielsen, Sune F, Caslake, Muriel, Trompet, Stella, Polfus, Linda M, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Blankenberg, Stefan, Veronesi, Giovanni, Gianfagna, Francesco, Männistö, Satu, Kimura, Akinori, Lin, Honghuang, Reilly, Dermot F, Gorski, Mathias, Mijatovic, Vladan, Munroe, Patricia B, Ehret, Georg B, Thompson, Alex, Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstig, Anders, Dehghan, Abbas, Vogt, Thomas F, Sasaoka, Taishi, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Kato, Norihiro, Yamada, Yoshiji, Kee, Frank, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ferrières, Jean, Arveiler, Dominique, Amouyel, Philippe, Salomaa, Veikko, Boerwinkle, Eric, Thompson, Simon G, Ford, Ian, Wouter Jukema, J, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris J, Shafi Majumder, Abdulla Al, Alam, Dewan S, Deloukas, Panos, Schunkert, Heribert, Samani, Nilesh J, Kathiresan, Sekar, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Saleheen, Danish, Howson, Joanna Mm, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S, and Danesh, John

Published
2017

26. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin, Statin Therapy, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Author

Ford, Ian, Shah, Anoop S.V., Zhang, Ruiqi, McAllister, David A., Strachan, Fiona E., Caslake, Muriel, Newby, David E., Packard, Chris J., and Mills, Nicholas L.

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Cardiac troponin is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in individuals without symptoms or signs of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms for this association are uncertain, and a role for troponin testing in the prevention of coronary heart disease has yet to be established. Objectives This study sought to determine whether troponin concentration could predict coronary events, be modified by statins, and reflect response to therapy in a primary prevention population. Methods WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study) randomized men with raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and no history of myocardial infarction to pravastatin 40 mg once daily or placebo for 5 years. Plasma cardiac troponin I concentration was measured with a high-sensitivity assay at baseline and at 1 year in 3,318 participants. Results Baseline troponin was an independent predictor of myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 3.7) for the highest (≥5.2 ng/l) versus lowest (≤3.1 ng/l) quarter of troponin (p < 0.001). There was a 5-fold greater reduction in coronary events when troponin concentrations decreased by more than a quarter, rather than increased by more than a quarter, for both placebo (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.72 vs. HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.09 to 3.49; p < 0.001 for trend) and pravastatin (HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.53 vs. HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.53 to 2.21; p < 0.001 for trend). Pravastatin reduced troponin concentration by 13% (10% to 15%; placebo adjusted, p < 0.001) and doubled the number of men whose troponin fell more than a quarter (p < 0.001), which identified them as having the lowest risk for future coronary events (1.4% over 5 years). Conclusions Troponin concentration predicts coronary events, is reduced by statin therapy, and change at 1 year is associated with future coronary risk independent of cholesterol lowering. Serial troponin measurements have major potential to assess cardiovascular risk and monitor the impact of therapeutic interventions.

Published
2016
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27. Additional file 2: of Towards onset prevention of cognition decline in adults with Down syndrome (The TOP-COG study): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Author

Sally-Ann Cooper, Temitope Ademola, Caslake, Muriel, Douglas, Elizabeth, Evans, Jonathan, Greenlaw, Nicola, Haig, Caroline, Hassiotis, Angela, Jahoda, Andrew, McConnachie, Alex, Morrison, Jill, Ring, Howard, Starr, John, Stiles, Ciara, Chammy Sirisena, and Sullivan, Frank

Abstract

TOP-COG cognitive assessment tasks. (DOCX 15 kb)

Published
2016
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28. Additional file 3: of Towards onset prevention of cognition decline in adults with Down syndrome (The TOP-COG study): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Author

Sally-Ann Cooper, Temitope Ademola, Caslake, Muriel, Douglas, Elizabeth, Evans, Jonathan, Greenlaw, Nicola, Haig, Caroline, Hassiotis, Angela, Jahoda, Andrew, McConnachie, Alex, Morrison, Jill, Ring, Howard, Starr, John, Stiles, Ciara, Chammy Sirisena, and Sullivan, Frank

Abstract

CONSORT 2010 flow diagram. (DOC 48 kb)

Published
2016
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29. Additional file 1: of Towards onset prevention of cognition decline in adults with Down syndrome (The TOP-COG study): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Author

Sally-Ann Cooper, Temitope Ademola, Caslake, Muriel, Douglas, Elizabeth, Evans, Jonathan, Greenlaw, Nicola, Haig, Caroline, Hassiotis, Angela, Jahoda, Andrew, McConnachie, Alex, Morrison, Jill, Ring, Howard, Starr, John, Stiles, Ciara, Chammy Sirisena, and Sullivan, Frank

Abstract

CONSORT 2010 checklist. (DOC 218 kb)

Published
2016
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30. Additional file 4: of Towards onset prevention of cognition decline in adults with Down syndrome (The TOP-COG study): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Author

Sally-Ann Cooper, Temitope Ademola, Caslake, Muriel, Douglas, Elizabeth, Evans, Jonathan, Greenlaw, Nicola, Haig, Caroline, Hassiotis, Angela, Jahoda, Andrew, McConnachie, Alex, Morrison, Jill, Ring, Howard, Starr, John, Stiles, Ciara, Chammy Sirisena, and Sullivan, Frank

Abstract

Illustrative quotes from the nested qualitative study. (DOCX 16 kb)

Published
2016
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31. Trans-ancestry meta-analyses identify rare and common variants associated with blood pressure and hypertension

Author

Surendran, Praveen, Drenos, Fotios, Young, Robin, Warren, Helen, Cook, James P., Manning, Alisa K., Grarup, Niels, Sim, Xueling, Barnes, Daniel R., Witkowska, Kate, Staley, James R., Tragante, Vinicius, Tukiainen, Taru, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Masca, Nicholas, Freitag, Daniel F., Ferreira, Teresa, Giannakopoulou, Olga, Tinker, Andrew, Harakalova, Magdalena, Mihailov, Evelin, Liu, Chunyu, Kraja, Aldi T., Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Rasheed, Asif, Samue, Maria, Zhao, Wei, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Jackson, Anne U., Narisu, Narisu, Swift, Amy J., Southam, Lorraine, Marten, Jonathan, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Stancakova, Alena, Fava, Cristiano, Ohlsson, Therese, Matchan, Angela, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Gjesing, Anette P., Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Shaw-Hawkins, Susan, Havulinna, Aki S., Zhang, He, Donnelly, Louise A., Groves, Christopher J., Rayner, N. William, Neville, Matt J., Robertson, Neil R., Yiorkas, Andrianos M., Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Kajantie, Eero, Zhang, Weihua, Willems, Sara M., Lannfelt, Lars, Malerba, Giovanni, Soranzo, Nicole, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Verweij, Niek, Evangelou, Evangelos, Moayyeri, Alireza, Vergnaud, Anne-Claire, Nelson, Christopher P., Poveda, Alaitz, Varga, Tibor V., Caslake, Muriel, de Craen, Anton J. M., Trompet, Stella, Luan, Jian'an, Scott, Robert A., Harris, Sarah E., Liewald, David C. M., Marioni, Riccardo, Menni, Cristina, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Hallmans, Goran, Renstrom, Frida, Huffman, Jennifer E., Hassinen, Maija, Burgess, Stephen, Vasan, Ramachandran S., Felix, Janine F., Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstign, Anders, Reilly, Dermot F., Hoek, Maarten, Vogt, Thomas F., Lin, Honghuang, Lieb, Wolfgang, Traylor, Matthew, Markus, Hugh S., Highland, Heather M., Justice, Anne E., Marouli, Eirini, Lindstrom, Jaana, Uusitupa, Matti, Komulainen, Pirjo, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Polasek, Ozren, Rudan, Igor, Rolandsson, Olov, Franks, Paul W., Dedoussis, George, Spector, Timothy D., Jousilahti, Pekka, Mannisto, Satu, Deary, Ian J., Starr, John M., Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nick J., Brown, Morris J., Dominiczak, Anna F., Connell, John M., Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Ford, Ian, Packard, Chris J., Esko, Tonu, Magi, Reedik, Metspalu, Andres, de Boer, Rudolf A., van der Meer, Peter, van der Harst, Pim, Gambaro, Giovanni, Ingelsson, Erik, Lind, Lars, de Bakker, Paul I. W., Numans, Mattijs E., Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Petersen, Eva R. B., Korpi-Hyovalti, Eeva, Oksa, Heikki, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Blakemore, Alexandra I. F., Franks, Steve, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Husemoen, Lise L., Linneberg, Allan, Skaaby, Tea, Thuesen, Betina, Karpe, Fredrik, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Doney, Alex S. F., Morris, Andrew D., Palmer, Colin N. A., Holmen, Oddgeir Lingaas, Hveem, Kristian, Willer, Cristen J., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Groop, Leif, Karajamaki, AnneMari, Palotie, Aarno, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Alam, Dewan S., Majmnder, Abdulla Al Shafi, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Chowdhury, Rajiv, McCarthy, Mark I., Poulter, Neil, Stanton, Alice V., Sever, Peter, Amouyel, Philippe, Arveiler, Dominique, Blankenberg, Stefan, Ferrieres, Jean, Kee, Frank, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Veronesi, Giovanni, Virtamo, Jarmo, Deloukas, Panos, Elliott, Paul, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Kathiresan, Sekar, Melander, Olle, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Porteous, David J., Hayward, Caroline, Scotland, Generation, Collins, Francis S., Mohlke, Karen L., Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Boehnke, Michael, Stringham, Heather M., Frossard, Philippe, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Tobin, Martin D., Nordestgaard, Borge Gronne, Caulfield, Mark J., Mahajan, Anubha, Morris, Andrew P., Tomaszewski, Maciej, Samani, Nilesh J., Saleheen, Danish, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Danesh, John, Wain, Louise V., Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., Munroe, Patricia B., Surendran, Praveen, Drenos, Fotios, Young, Robin, Warren, Helen, Cook, James P., Manning, Alisa K., Grarup, Niels, Sim, Xueling, Barnes, Daniel R., Witkowska, Kate, Staley, James R., Tragante, Vinicius, Tukiainen, Taru, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Masca, Nicholas, Freitag, Daniel F., Ferreira, Teresa, Giannakopoulou, Olga, Tinker, Andrew, Harakalova, Magdalena, Mihailov, Evelin, Liu, Chunyu, Kraja, Aldi T., Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Rasheed, Asif, Samue, Maria, Zhao, Wei, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Jackson, Anne U., Narisu, Narisu, Swift, Amy J., Southam, Lorraine, Marten, Jonathan, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Stancakova, Alena, Fava, Cristiano, Ohlsson, Therese, Matchan, Angela, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Gjesing, Anette P., Kontto, Jukka, Perola, Markus, Shaw-Hawkins, Susan, Havulinna, Aki S., Zhang, He, Donnelly, Louise A., Groves, Christopher J., Rayner, N. William, Neville, Matt J., Robertson, Neil R., Yiorkas, Andrianos M., Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Kajantie, Eero, Zhang, Weihua, Willems, Sara M., Lannfelt, Lars, Malerba, Giovanni, Soranzo, Nicole, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Verweij, Niek, Evangelou, Evangelos, Moayyeri, Alireza, Vergnaud, Anne-Claire, Nelson, Christopher P., Poveda, Alaitz, Varga, Tibor V., Caslake, Muriel, de Craen, Anton J. M., Trompet, Stella, Luan, Jian'an, Scott, Robert A., Harris, Sarah E., Liewald, David C. M., Marioni, Riccardo, Menni, Cristina, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Hallmans, Goran, Renstrom, Frida, Huffman, Jennifer E., Hassinen, Maija, Burgess, Stephen, Vasan, Ramachandran S., Felix, Janine F., Uria-Nickelsen, Maria, Malarstign, Anders, Reilly, Dermot F., Hoek, Maarten, Vogt, Thomas F., Lin, Honghuang, Lieb, Wolfgang, Traylor, Matthew, Markus, Hugh S., Highland, Heather M., Justice, Anne E., Marouli, Eirini, Lindstrom, Jaana, Uusitupa, Matti, Komulainen, Pirjo, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Polasek, Ozren, Rudan, Igor, Rolandsson, Olov, Franks, Paul W., Dedoussis, George, Spector, Timothy D., Jousilahti, Pekka, Mannisto, Satu, Deary, Ian J., Starr, John M., Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nick J., Brown, Morris J., Dominiczak, Anna F., Connell, John M., Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Ford, Ian, Packard, Chris J., Esko, Tonu, Magi, Reedik, Metspalu, Andres, de Boer, Rudolf A., van der Meer, Peter, van der Harst, Pim, Gambaro, Giovanni, Ingelsson, Erik, Lind, Lars, de Bakker, Paul I. W., Numans, Mattijs E., Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Petersen, Eva R. B., Korpi-Hyovalti, Eeva, Oksa, Heikki, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Blakemore, Alexandra I. F., Franks, Steve, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Husemoen, Lise L., Linneberg, Allan, Skaaby, Tea, Thuesen, Betina, Karpe, Fredrik, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Doney, Alex S. F., Morris, Andrew D., Palmer, Colin N. A., Holmen, Oddgeir Lingaas, Hveem, Kristian, Willer, Cristen J., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Groop, Leif, Karajamaki, AnneMari, Palotie, Aarno, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Alam, Dewan S., Majmnder, Abdulla Al Shafi, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Chowdhury, Rajiv, McCarthy, Mark I., Poulter, Neil, Stanton, Alice V., Sever, Peter, Amouyel, Philippe, Arveiler, Dominique, Blankenberg, Stefan, Ferrieres, Jean, Kee, Frank, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Veronesi, Giovanni, Virtamo, Jarmo, Deloukas, Panos, Elliott, Paul, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Kathiresan, Sekar, Melander, Olle, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Porteous, David J., Hayward, Caroline, Scotland, Generation, Collins, Francis S., Mohlke, Karen L., Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Boehnke, Michael, Stringham, Heather M., Frossard, Philippe, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Tobin, Martin D., Nordestgaard, Borge Gronne, Caulfield, Mark J., Mahajan, Anubha, Morris, Andrew P., Tomaszewski, Maciej, Samani, Nilesh J., Saleheen, Danish, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Danesh, John, Wain, Louise V., Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., and Munroe, Patricia B.

Abstract

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. However, there is limited knowledge on specific causal genes and pathways. To better understand the genetics of blood pressure, we genotyped 242,296 rare, low frequency and common genetic variants in up to 192,763 individuals and used similar to 155,063 samples for independent replication. We identified 30 new blood pressure- or hypertension-associated genetic regions in the general population, including 3 rare missense variants in RBM47, COL21A1 and RRAS with larger effects (>1.5 mm Hg/allele) than common variants. Multiple rare nonsense and missense variant associations were found in A2ML1, and a low-frequency nonsense variant in ENPEP was identified. Our data extend the spectrum of allelic variation underlying blood pressure traits and hypertension, provide new insights into the pathophysiology of hypertension and indicate new targets for clinical intervention.

Published
2016
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32. A genomic approach to therapeutic target validation identifies a glucose-lowering GLP1R variant protective for coronary heart disease

Author

Scott, Robert A., Freitag, Daniel F., Li, Li, Chu, Audrey Y., Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Grarup, Niels, Stancakova, Alena, Chen, Yuning, Varga, Tibor V., Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Luan, Jian'an, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M., Wessel, Jennifer, Wang, Shuai, Maruthur, Nisa, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirie, Ailith, van der Lee, Sven J., Gillson, Christopher, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Amouyel, Philippe, Arriola, Larraitz, Arveiler, Dominique, Aviles-Olmos, Iciar, Balkau, Beverley, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barroso, Ines, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Bis, Joshua C., Blankenberg, Stefan, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid B., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bowden, Sarah, Caldas, Carlos, Caslake, Muriel, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Cruchaga, Carlos, Czajkowski, Jacek, den Hoed, Marcel, Dunn, Janet A., Earl, Helena M., Ehret, Georg B., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Foltynie, Thomas, Ford, Ian, Forouhi, Nita G., Gianfagna, Francesco, Gonzalez, Carlos, Grioni, Sara, Hiller, Louise, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kee, Frank, Kerrison, Nicola D., Key, Timothy J., Kontto, Jukka, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Kraja, Aldi T., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Chunyu, Marenne, Galle, Mohlke, Karen L., Morris, Andrew P., Muir, Kenneth, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Navarro, Carmen, Nielsen, Sune F., Nilsson, Peter M., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Packard, Chris J., Palli, Domenico, Panico, Salvatore, Peloso, Gina M., Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Poole, Christopher J., Quiros, J. Ramn, Rolandsson, Olov, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanchez, Mara-Jose, Sattar, Naveed, Sharp, Stephen J., Sims, Rebecca, Slimani, Nadia, Smith, Jennifer A., Thompson, Deborah J., Trompet, Stella, Tumino, Rosario, van der A, Daphne L., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Virtamo, Jarmo, Walker, Mark, Walter, Klaudia, Abraham, Jean E., Amundadottir, Laufey T., Aponte, Jennifer L., Butterworth, Adams., Dupuis, Josee, Easton, Douglas F., Eeles, Rosalind A., Erdmann, Jeanette, Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Hansen, Torben, Howson, Joanna M. M., Jorgensen, Torben, Kooner, Jaspal, Laakso, Markku, Langenberg, Claudia, McCarthy, Mark I., Pankow, James S., Pedersen, Oluf, Riboli, Elio, Rotter, Jerome I., Saleheen, Danish, Samani, Nilesh J., Schunkert, Heribert, Vollenweider, Peter, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Deloukas, Panos, Danesh, John, Goodarzi, Mark O., Kathiresan, Sekar, Meigs, James B., Ehm, Margaret G., Wareham, Nicholas J., Waterworth, Dawn M., Scott, Robert A., Freitag, Daniel F., Li, Li, Chu, Audrey Y., Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Grarup, Niels, Stancakova, Alena, Chen, Yuning, Varga, Tibor V., Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Luan, Jian'an, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M., Wessel, Jennifer, Wang, Shuai, Maruthur, Nisa, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirie, Ailith, van der Lee, Sven J., Gillson, Christopher, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Amouyel, Philippe, Arriola, Larraitz, Arveiler, Dominique, Aviles-Olmos, Iciar, Balkau, Beverley, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barroso, Ines, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Bis, Joshua C., Blankenberg, Stefan, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid B., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bowden, Sarah, Caldas, Carlos, Caslake, Muriel, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Cruchaga, Carlos, Czajkowski, Jacek, den Hoed, Marcel, Dunn, Janet A., Earl, Helena M., Ehret, Georg B., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Foltynie, Thomas, Ford, Ian, Forouhi, Nita G., Gianfagna, Francesco, Gonzalez, Carlos, Grioni, Sara, Hiller, Louise, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kee, Frank, Kerrison, Nicola D., Key, Timothy J., Kontto, Jukka, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Kraja, Aldi T., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Chunyu, Marenne, Galle, Mohlke, Karen L., Morris, Andrew P., Muir, Kenneth, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Navarro, Carmen, Nielsen, Sune F., Nilsson, Peter M., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Packard, Chris J., Palli, Domenico, Panico, Salvatore, Peloso, Gina M., Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Poole, Christopher J., Quiros, J. Ramn, Rolandsson, Olov, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanchez, Mara-Jose, Sattar, Naveed, Sharp, Stephen J., Sims, Rebecca, Slimani, Nadia, Smith, Jennifer A., Thompson, Deborah J., Trompet, Stella, Tumino, Rosario, van der A, Daphne L., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Virtamo, Jarmo, Walker, Mark, Walter, Klaudia, Abraham, Jean E., Amundadottir, Laufey T., Aponte, Jennifer L., Butterworth, Adams., Dupuis, Josee, Easton, Douglas F., Eeles, Rosalind A., Erdmann, Jeanette, Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Hansen, Torben, Howson, Joanna M. M., Jorgensen, Torben, Kooner, Jaspal, Laakso, Markku, Langenberg, Claudia, McCarthy, Mark I., Pankow, James S., Pedersen, Oluf, Riboli, Elio, Rotter, Jerome I., Saleheen, Danish, Samani, Nilesh J., Schunkert, Heribert, Vollenweider, Peter, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Deloukas, Panos, Danesh, John, Goodarzi, Mark O., Kathiresan, Sekar, Meigs, James B., Ehm, Margaret G., Wareham, Nicholas J., and Waterworth, Dawn M.

Abstract

Regulatory authorities have indicated that new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) should not be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Human genetics may be able to guide development of antidiabetic therapies by predicting cardiovascular and other health endpoints. We therefore investigated the association of variants in six genes that encode drug targets for obesity or T2D with a range of metabolic traits in up to 11,806 individuals by targeted exome sequencing and follow-up in 39,979 individuals by targeted genotyping, with additional in silico follow-up in consortia. We used these data to first compare associations of variants in genes encoding drug targets with the effects of pharmacological manipulation of those targets in clinical trials. We then tested the association of those variants with disease outcomes, including coronary heart disease, to predict cardiovascular safety of these agents. A low-frequency missense variant (Ala316Thr; rs10305492) in the gene encoding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), the target of GLP1R agonists, was associated with lower fasting glucose and T2D risk, consistent with GLP1R agonist therapies. The minor allele was also associated with protection against heart disease, thus providing evidence that GLP1R agonists are not likely to be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Our results provide an encouraging signal that these agents may be associated with benefit, a question currently being addressed in randomized controlled trials. Genetic variants associated with metabolic traits and multiple disease outcomes can be used to validate therapeutic targets at an early stage in the drug development process.

Published
2016
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33. A genomic approach to therapeutic target validation identifies a glucose-lowering GLP1R variant protective for coronary heart disease

Author

JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Scott, Robert A, Freitag, Daniel F, Li, Li, Chu, Audrey Y, Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Grarup, Niels, Stancáková, Alena, Chen, Yuning, Varga, Tibor V, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Luan, Jian'an, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M, Wessel, Jennifer, Wang, Shuai, Maruthur, Nisa, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirie, Ailith, van der Lee, Sven J, Gillson, Christopher, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Amouyel, Philippe, Arriola, Larraitz, Arveiler, Dominique, Aviles-Olmos, Iciar, Balkau, Beverley, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barroso, Inês, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Bis, Joshua C, Blankenberg, Stefan, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid B, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bowden, Sarah, Caldas, Carlos, Caslake, Muriel, Cupples, L Adrienne, Cruchaga, Carlos, Czajkowski, Jacek, den Hoed, Marcel, Dunn, Janet A, Earl, Helena M, Ehret, Georg B, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, CVD50 consortium, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Scott, Robert A, Freitag, Daniel F, Li, Li, Chu, Audrey Y, Surendran, Praveen, Young, Robin, Grarup, Niels, Stancáková, Alena, Chen, Yuning, Varga, Tibor V, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Luan, Jian'an, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M, Wessel, Jennifer, Wang, Shuai, Maruthur, Nisa, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirie, Ailith, van der Lee, Sven J, Gillson, Christopher, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Amouyel, Philippe, Arriola, Larraitz, Arveiler, Dominique, Aviles-Olmos, Iciar, Balkau, Beverley, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barroso, Inês, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Bis, Joshua C, Blankenberg, Stefan, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid B, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bowden, Sarah, Caldas, Carlos, Caslake, Muriel, Cupples, L Adrienne, Cruchaga, Carlos, Czajkowski, Jacek, den Hoed, Marcel, Dunn, Janet A, Earl, Helena M, Ehret, Georg B, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, and CVD50 consortium

Published
2016

34. Does high-density lipoprotein protect vascular function in healthy pregnancy?

Author

Sulaiman, Wan N Wan, Caslake, Muriel J, Delles, Christian, Karlsson, Helen, Mulder, Monique T, Graham, Delyth, Freeman, Dilys J, Sulaiman, Wan N Wan, Caslake, Muriel J, Delles, Christian, Karlsson, Helen, Mulder, Monique T, Graham, Delyth, and Freeman, Dilys J

Abstract

The maternal adaptation to pregnancy includes hyperlipidaemia, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. In non-pregnant individuals, these processes are usually associated with poor vascular function. However, maternal vascular function is enhanced in pregnancy. It is not understood how this is achieved in the face of the adverse metabolic and inflammatory environment. Research into cardiovascular disease demonstrates that plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein), by merit of its functionality rather than its plasma concentration, exerts protective effects on the vascular endothelium. HDL has vasodilatory, antioxidant, anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and can protect against endothelial cell damage. In pregnancy, the plasma HDL concentration starts to rise at 10 weeks of gestation, peaking at 20 weeks. The initial rise in plasma HDL occurs around the time of the establishment of the feto-placental circulation, a time when the trophoblast plugs in the maternal spiral arteries are released, generating oxidative stress. Thus there is the intriguing possibility that new HDL of improved function is synthesized around the time of the establishment of the feto-placental circulation. In obese pregnancy and, to a greater extent, in pre-eclampsia, plasma HDL levels are significantly decreased and maternal vascular function is reduced. Wire myography studies have shown an association between the plasma content of apolipoprotein AI, the major protein constituent of HDL, and blood vessel relaxation. These observations lead us to hypothesize that HDL concentration, and function, increases in pregnancy in order to protect the maternal vascular endothelium and that in pre-eclampsia this fails to occur., Funding agencies: Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education; grant EU-MASCARA from the European Commission [278249]; grant sysVASC from the European Commission [603288]

Published
2016
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36. Towards onset prevention of cognition decline in adults with Down syndrome (The TOP-COG study): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Author

Cooper, Sally-Ann, primary, Ademola, Temitope, additional, Caslake, Muriel, additional, Douglas, Elizabeth, additional, Evans, Jonathan, additional, Greenlaw, Nicola, additional, Haig, Caroline, additional, Hassiotis, Angela, additional, Jahoda, Andrew, additional, McConnachie, Alex, additional, Morrison, Jill, additional, Ring, Howard, additional, Starr, John, additional, Stiles, Ciara, additional, Sirisena, Chammy, additional, and Sullivan, Frank, additional

Published
2016
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40. Consumption of Fish Oil Providing Amounts of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid That Can Be Obtained from the Diet Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults with Systolic Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis

Author

Minihane, Anne M, primary, Armah, Christopher K, additional, Miles, Elizabeth A, additional, Madden, Jacqueline M, additional, Clark, Allan B, additional, Caslake, Muriel J, additional, Packard, Chris J, additional, Kofler, Bettina M, additional, Lietz, Georg, additional, Curtis, Peter J, additional, Mathers, John C, additional, Williams, Christine M, additional, and Calder, Philip C, additional

Published
2016
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41. C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction

Author

Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Kaptoge, Stephen, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Pennells, Lisa, Wood, Angela M, White, Ian R, Gao, Pei, Walker, Matthew, Thompson, Alexander, Sarwar, Nadeem, Caslake, Muriel, Butterworth, Adam S, Amouyel, Philippe, Assmann, Gerd, Bakker, Stephan JL, Barr, Elizabeth LM, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Emelia J, Björkelund, Cecilia, Brenner, Hermann, Brunner, Eric, Clarke, Robert, Cooper, Jackie A, Cremer, Peter, Cushman, Mary, Dagenais, Gilles R, D'Agostino, Ralph B, Dankner, Rachel, Davey-Smith, George, Deeg, Dorly, Dekker, Jacqueline M, Engström, Gunnar, Folsom, Aaron R, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Gallacher, John, Gaziano, J Michael, Giampaoli, Simona, Gillum, Richard F, Hofman, Albert, Howard, Barbara V, Ingelsson, Erik, Iso, Hiroyasu, Jørgensen, Torben, Kiechl, Stefan, Kitamura, Akihiko, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kromhout, Daan, Kuller, Lewis H, Lawlor, Debbie A, Meade, Tom W, Nissinen, Aulikki, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Onat, Altan, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Psaty, Bruce M, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Rosengren, Annika, Salomaa, Veikko, Kauhanen, Jussi, Salonen, Jukka T, Shaffer, Jonathan A, Shea, Steven, Ford, Ian, Stehouwer, Coen DA, Strandberg, Timo E, Tipping, Robert W, Tosetto, Alberto, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Wennberg, Patrik, Westendorp, Rudi G, Whincup, Peter H, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Woodward, Mark, Lowe, Gordon DO, Wareham, Nicholas J, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris J, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Ridker, Paul M, Pepys, Mark B, Thompson, Simon G, and Danesh, John

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is debate about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of first cardiovascular events. METHODS: We analyzed data from 52 prospective studies that included 246,669 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease to investigate the value of adding CRP or fibrinogen levels to conventional risk factors for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. We calculated measures of discrimination and reclassification during follow-up and modeled the clinical implications of initiation of statin therapy after the assessment of CRP or fibrinogen. RESULTS: The addition of information on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a prognostic model for cardiovascular disease that included age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol level increased the C-index, a measure of risk discrimination, by 0.0050. The further addition to this model of information on CRP or fibrinogen increased the C-index by 0.0039 and 0.0027, respectively (P

Published
2012

42. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies

Author

Thompson, Alexander, Gao, Pei, Orfei, Lia, Watson, Sarah, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Kaptoge, Stephen, Ballantyne, Christie, Cannon, Christopher P., Criqui, Michael, Cushman, Mary, Hofman, Albert, Packard, Chris, Thompson, Simon G., Collins, Rory, Danesh, John, Willeit, Johann, Kiechl, Stefan, Wiedemann, Christian, Psaty, Bruce, Furberg, Curt, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Sandhu, Manjinder, Benjamin, Emelia J., Vasan, Ramachandran S., Schnabel, Renate B., Oldgren, Jonas, Rossi, Gian Paolo, Cesari, Maurizio, Lenzini, Livia, Zanchetta, Mario, James, Stefan K., Rimm, Eric, Hatoum, Ida, Anderson, Jeffrey L., May, Heidi T., Home, Benjamin D., Carlquist, John F., Muhlestein, Joseph B., Koenig, Wolfgang, Hermann Brenner, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Maerz, Winfried, Boehm, Bernhard, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Winkler, Karl, Berglund, Goran, Persson, Margaretha, Roger, Veronique, Gerber, Yariv, Berger, Peter B., Brilakis, Emmanouil S., Mcconnell, Joseph P., Meisinger, Christa, Sacco, Ralph, Elkind, Mitchell, Talmud, Philippa J., O Donoghue, Michelle, Sabatine, Marc S., Morrow, David A., Caslake, Muriel, Braunwald, Eugene, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Daniels, Lori B., Laughlin, Gail A., Kardys, Isabella, Witteman, Jacqueline C. M., Corsetti, James P., Rainwater, David L., Moss, Arthur J., Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Ridker, Paul, Nelson, Jeanenne J., Zariffa, Nevine, Zalewski, Andrew, and Walker, Mat

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, Systole, Blood Pressure, Coronary Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Darapladib, Internal medicine, medicine, Fast track — Articles, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Risk factor, Particle Size, 030304 developmental biology, Apolipoproteins B, 0303 health sciences, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Vascular disease, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lipids, 3. Good health, Lipoproteins, LDL, Stroke, Blood pressure, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, Cardiology, Linear Models, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), an inflammatory enzyme expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, is a therapeutic target being assessed in trials of vascular disease prevention. We investigated associations of circulating Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity with risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality under different circumstances. Methods With use of individual records from 79 036 participants in 32 prospective studies (yielding 17 722 incident fatal or non-fatal outcomes during 474 976 person-years at risk), we did a meta-analysis of within-study regressions to calculate risk ratios (RRs) per 1 SD higher value of Lp-PLA(2) or other risk factor. The primary outcome was coronary heart disease. Findings Lp-PLA(2) activity and mass were associated with each other (r=0.51, 95% CI 0.47-0.56) and proatherogenic lipids. We noted roughly log-linear associations of Lp-PLA(2) activity and mass with risk of coronary heart disease and vascular death. RRs, adjusted for conventional risk factors, were: 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.16) with Lp-PLA(2) activity and 1.11 (1.07-1.16) with Lp-PLA(2) mass for coronary heart disease; 1.08 (0.97-1.20) and 1.14 (1.02-1.27) for ischaemic stroke; 1.16 (1.09-1.24) and 1.13 (1.05-1.22) for vascular mortality; and 1.10 (1.04-1.17) and 1.10 (1.03-1.18) for non-vascular mortality, respectively. RRs with Lp-PLA(2) did not differ significantly in people with and without initial stable vascular disease, apart from for vascular death with Lp-PLA(2) mass. Adjusted RRs for coronary heart disease were 1.10 (1.02-1.18) with non-HDL cholesterol and 1.10 (1.00-1.21) with systolic blood pressure. Interpretation Lp-PLA(2) activity and mass each show continuous associations with risk of coronary heart disease, similar in magnitude to that with non-HDL cholesterol or systolic blood pressure in this population. Associations of Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity are not exclusive to vascular outcomes, and the vascular associations depend at least partly on lipids. Funding UK Medical Research Council, GlaxoSmithKline, and British Heart Foundation.

Published
2010

43. Toward onset prevention of cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome (the TOP-COG study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Cooper, Sally-Ann, primary, Caslake, Muriel, additional, Evans, Jonathan, additional, Hassiotis, Angela, additional, Jahoda, Andrew, additional, McConnachie, Alex, additional, Morrison, Jill, additional, Ring, Howard, additional, Starr, John, additional, Stiles, Ciara, additional, and Sullivan, Frank, additional

Published
2014
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44. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis

Author

Thanassoulis, George, Campbell, Catherine Y, Owens, David S, Smith, J Gustav, Smith, Albert V, Peloso, Gina M, Kerr, Kathleen F, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Budoff, Matthew J, Harris, Tamara B, Malhotra, Rajeev, O'Brien, Kevin D, Kamstrup, Pia R, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Allison, Matthew A, Aspelund, Thor, Criqui, Michael H, Heckbert, Susan R, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Liu, Yongmei, Sjogren, Marketa, van der Pals, Jesper, Kälsch, Hagen, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Nöthen, Markus M, Cupples, L Adrienne, Caslake, Muriel, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Danesh, John, Rotter, Jerome I, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Wong, Quenna, Erbel, Raimund, Kathiresan, Sekar, Melander, Olle, Gudnason, Vilmundur, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Post, Wendy S, Thanassoulis, George, Campbell, Catherine Y, Owens, David S, Smith, J Gustav, Smith, Albert V, Peloso, Gina M, Kerr, Kathleen F, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Budoff, Matthew J, Harris, Tamara B, Malhotra, Rajeev, O'Brien, Kevin D, Kamstrup, Pia R, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Allison, Matthew A, Aspelund, Thor, Criqui, Michael H, Heckbert, Susan R, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Liu, Yongmei, Sjogren, Marketa, van der Pals, Jesper, Kälsch, Hagen, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Nöthen, Markus M, Cupples, L Adrienne, Caslake, Muriel, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Danesh, John, Rotter, Jerome I, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Wong, Quenna, Erbel, Raimund, Kathiresan, Sekar, Melander, Olle, Gudnason, Vilmundur, O'Donnell, Christopher J, and Post, Wendy S

Abstract

Limited information is available regarding genetic contributions to valvular calcification, which is an important precursor of clinical valve disease.

Published
2013

45. Maternal obesity is associated with the formation of small dense LDL and hypoadiponectinemia in the third trimester

Author

Meyer, Barbara J, Stewart, Frances M, Brown, Elizabeth A, Cooney, Josephine, Nilsson, Solveig, Olivecrona, Gunilla, Ramsay, Jane E, Griffin, Bruce A, Caslake, Muriel J, Freeman, Dilys J, Meyer, Barbara J, Stewart, Frances M, Brown, Elizabeth A, Cooney, Josephine, Nilsson, Solveig, Olivecrona, Gunilla, Ramsay, Jane E, Griffin, Bruce A, Caslake, Muriel J, and Freeman, Dilys J

Abstract

CONTEXT: Maternal obesity is associated with high plasma triglyceride, poor vascular function, and an increased risk for pregnancy complications. In normal-weight pregnant women, higher triglyceride is associated with increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). HYPOTHESIS: In obese pregnancy, increased plasma triglyceride concentrations result in triglyceride enrichment of very low-density lipoprotein-1 particles and formation of small dense LDL via lipoprotein lipase. DESIGN: Women (n = 55) of body mass index of 18-46 kg/m(2) were sampled longitudinally at 12, 26, and 35 weeks' gestation and 4 months postnatally. SETTING: Women were recruited at hospital antenatal appointments, and study visits were in a clinical research suite. OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma concentrations of lipids, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase mass, estradiol, steroid hormone binding globulin, insulin, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin were determined. RESULTS: Obese women commenced pregnancy with higher plasma triglyceride, reached the same maximum, and then returned to higher postnatal levels than normal-weight women. Estradiol response to pregnancy (trimester 1-3 incremental area under the curve) was positively associated with plasma triglyceride response (r(2) adjusted 25%, P <.001). In the third trimester, the proportion of small, dense LDL was 2-fold higher in obese women than normal-weight women [mean (SD) 40.7 (18.8) vs 21.9 (10.9)%, P =.014], and 35% of obese, 14% of overweight, and none of the normal-weight women displayed an atherogenic LDL subfraction phenotype. The small, dense LDL mass response to pregnancy was inversely associated with adiponectin response (17%, P =.013). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal obesity is associated with an atherogenic LDL subfraction phenotype and may provide a mechanistic link to poor vascular function and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Published
2013

46. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction

Author

Kaptoge, Stephen, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Pennells, Lisa, Wood, Angela M., White, Ian R., Gao, Pei, Walker, Matthew, Thompson, Alexander, Sarwar, Nadeem, Caslake, Muriel, Butterworth, Adam S., Amouyel, Philippe, Assmann, Gerd, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Barr, Elizabeth L. M., Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Emilia J., Björkelund, Cecilia, Brenner, Hermann, Kaptoge, Stephen, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Pennells, Lisa, Wood, Angela M., White, Ian R., Gao, Pei, Walker, Matthew, Thompson, Alexander, Sarwar, Nadeem, Caslake, Muriel, Butterworth, Adam S., Amouyel, Philippe, Assmann, Gerd, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Barr, Elizabeth L. M., Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Emilia J., Björkelund, Cecilia, and Brenner, Hermann

Abstract

BackgroundThere is debate about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of first cardiovascular events.MethodsWe analyzed data from 52 prospective studies that included 246,669 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease to investigate the value of adding CRP or fibrinogen levels to conventional risk factors for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. We calculated measures of discrimination and reclassification during follow-up and modeled the clinical implications of initiation of statin therapy after the assessment of CRP or fibrinogen.ResultsThe addition of information on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a prognostic model for cardiovascular disease that included age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol level increased the C-index, a measure of risk discrimination, by 0.0050. The further addition to this model of information on CRP or fibrinogen increased the C-index by 0.0039 and 0.0027, respectively (P<0.001), and yielded a net reclassification improvement of 1.52% and 0.83%, respectively, for the predicted 10-year risk categories of “low” (<10%), “intermediate” (10% to <20%), and “high” (≥20%) (P<0.02 for both comparisons). We estimated that among 100,000 adults 40 years of age or older, 15,025 persons would initially be classified as being at intermediate risk for a cardiovascular event if conventional risk factors alone were used to calculate risk. Assuming that statin therapy would be initiated in accordance with Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (i.e., for persons with a predicted risk of ≥20% and for those with certain other risk factors, such as diabetes, irrespective of their 10-year predicted risk), additional targeted assessment of CRP or fibrinogen levels in the 13,199 remaining participants at intermediate risk could help prevent approximately 30 additional

Published
2012

47. Lipid-Related Markers and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction

Author

Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Gao, Pei, Pennells, Lisa, Kaptoge, Stephen, Caslake, Muriel, Thompson, Alexander, Butterworth, Adam S., Sarwar, Nadeem, Wormser, David, Saleheen, Danish, Ballantyne, Christie M., Psaty, Bruce M., Sundström, Johan, Ridker, Paul M., Nagel, Dorothea, Gillum, Richard F., Ford, Ian, Ducimetiere, Pierre, Kiechl, Stefan, Dullaart, Robin P. F., Assmann, Gerd, D'Agostino, Ralph B., Dagenais, Gilles R., Cooper, Jackie A., Kromhout, Daan, Onat, Altan, Tipping, Robert W., Gomez-de-la-Camara, Agustin, Rosengren, Annika, Sutherland, Susan E., Gallacher, John, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Casiglia, Edoardo, Hofman, Albert, Salomaa, Veikko, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Clarke, Robert, Brunner, Eric, Jukema, J. Wouter, Simons, Leon A., Sandhu, Manjinder, Wareham, Nicholas J., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kauhanen, Jussi, Salonen, Jukka T., Howard, William J., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Wood, Angela M., Thompson, Simon G., Boekholdt, S. Matthijs, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Gao, Pei, Pennells, Lisa, Kaptoge, Stephen, Caslake, Muriel, Thompson, Alexander, Butterworth, Adam S., Sarwar, Nadeem, Wormser, David, Saleheen, Danish, Ballantyne, Christie M., Psaty, Bruce M., Sundström, Johan, Ridker, Paul M., Nagel, Dorothea, Gillum, Richard F., Ford, Ian, Ducimetiere, Pierre, Kiechl, Stefan, Dullaart, Robin P. F., Assmann, Gerd, D'Agostino, Ralph B., Dagenais, Gilles R., Cooper, Jackie A., Kromhout, Daan, Onat, Altan, Tipping, Robert W., Gomez-de-la-Camara, Agustin, Rosengren, Annika, Sutherland, Susan E., Gallacher, John, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Casiglia, Edoardo, Hofman, Albert, Salomaa, Veikko, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Clarke, Robert, Brunner, Eric, Jukema, J. Wouter, Simons, Leon A., Sandhu, Manjinder, Wareham, Nicholas J., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kauhanen, Jussi, Salonen, Jukka T., Howard, William J., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Wood, Angela M., Thompson, Simon G., Boekholdt, S. Matthijs, Sattar, Naveed, Packard, Chris, Gudnason, Vilmundur, and Danesh, John

Abstract

Context The value of assessing various emerging lipid-related markers for prediction of first cardiovascular events is debated. Objective To determine whether adding information on apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), or lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 to total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. Design, Setting, and Participants Individual records were available for 165 544 participants without baseline CVD in 37 prospective cohorts (calendar years of recruitment: 1968-2007) with up to 15 126 incident fatal or nonfatal CVD outcomes (10 132 CHD and 4994 stroke outcomes) during a median follow-up of 10.4 years (interquartile range, 7.6-14 years). Main Outcome Measures Discrimination of CVD outcomes and reclassification of participants across predicted 10-year risk categories of low (<10%), intermediate (10%-<20%), and high (≥20%) risk. Results The addition of information on various lipid-related markers to total cholesterol, HDL-C, and other conventional risk factors yielded improvement in the model's discrimination: C-index change, 0.0006 (95% CI, 0.0002-0.0009) for the combination of apolipoprotein B and A-I; 0.0016 (95% CI, 0.0009-0.0023) for lipoprotein(a); and 0.0018 (95% CI, 0.0010-0.0026) for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass. Net reclassification improvements were less than 1% with the addition of each of these markers to risk scores containing conventional risk factors. We estimated that for 100 000 adults aged 40 years or older, 15 436 would be initially classified at intermediate risk using conventional risk factors alone. Additional testing with a combination of apolipoprotein B and A-I would reclassify 1.1%; lipoprotein(a), 4.1%; and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass, 2.7% of people to a 20% or higher predicted CVD risk category and, therefore, in need of statin treatment under Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. C

Published
2012
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