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Utilizing the full potential of reproducible biomass resources is crucial for the sustainable development of humanity. In this study, biochar (MPC) was prepared through the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Subsequently, Co nanoparticles were introduced by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment to form a highly dispersive Co/MPC material. Characterization results indicated that Co nanoparticles were wrapped by thin carbon layers and uniformly dispersed on a carbon-based skeleton via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis approach, providing high-activity space. Thus, the prepared material was limited to glassy carbon; on the electrode surface, a cobalt-based sensing platform (Co/MPC/GCE) was built. On the basis of this constructed sensing platform, a linear equation was fitted by the concentration change of current signal I and H2O2. The linear range was 0.55–100.05 mM; the detection limit was 1.38 μM (S/N = 3); and the sensitivity was 103.45 μA cm−2 mM−1. In addition, the effect this sensor had on H2O2 detection of actual water samples was conducted by using a standard addition recovery method; results disclosed that the recovery rate and RSD of H2O2 in tap water samples were 94.0–97.6% and 4.1–6.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to explore the mechanism of action of carbon-based materials in the anaerobic digestion (AD) production of medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA). Currently, there are various methods to increase production, but there is no review on how carbon-based materials improve MCCA. This paper first introduced the chain elongation (CE) technology, focusing on the factors affecting the production of MCCA by AD, such as pH, temperature, the ratio of electron donor (ED) to an electron acceptor (EA), substrate type, and other related factors. This article introduces the preparation and characteristics of carbon-based materials, as well as the effect and mechanism of adding carbon-based materials to AD acid production. Finally, the shortcomings of the current research were pointed out, and future research directions were prospected, aiming to provide a reference for improving the efficiency of AD of MCCA using carbon-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the microwave-assisted reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) into valuable ether and acylated production formation was investigated with the help of molybdophosphoric acid encapsulated dendritic fibrous silica (KCC-1) as a catalyst. XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, and TEM were used to analyze the physicochemical and structural properties of the synthesized catalysts. The microwave etherification of 5-HMF with ethanol was tested using synthesized catalysts. The effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, catalytic amount, and microwave power were investigated. The resulting MPA-KCC-1 and IMPA-KCC-1 catalysts demonstrated excellent activity for the etherification of 5-HMF with ethanol, producing 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural diethyl acetal (HMFDEA) and 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural diethyl acetal (EMFDEA) products selectively. The significant advantages of the work are the selective production of EMFDEA at 82%, the catalyst can be easily removed via filtration, and the catalyst activity remains nearly intact even after five reaction cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the product quality and make the process more sustainable, lignin-based char was used as a catalyst during microwave co-pyrolysis of lignin and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Lignin-based char modification using zinc transition metal proved to be beneficial by improving the porosity and selectiveness of the prepared catalyst. General selectivity of lignin-based char catalyst was observed to produce bio-oil with high selectivity of valued compounds. GC/MS analysis proved that the major chemical components of the bio-oil were hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, phenols and guaiacols(∼70%). A central composite experimental design (CCD) was used to optimize the product yield and component composition. The optimum condition to produce the highest quantity and quality of bio-oil was 450 °C and 12.5% LDPE/lignin ratio. GC analysis of the syn-gas revealed that the valued compounds were H 2 , CO and CH 4 , the content of which was about 40%, 20% and 5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]