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1. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, Timothy L., Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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2. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Hueso, Raul Ochoa, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

7. Interpreting variation to advance predictive restoration science

Author

Brudvig, Lars A, Barak, Rebecca S, Bauer, Jonathan T, Caughlin, T Trevor, Laughlin, Daniel C, Larios, Loralee, Matthews, Jeffrey W, Stuble, Katharine L, Turley, Nash E, and Zirbel, Chad R

Subjects
Life on Land, adaptive management, biodiversity, contingency, human land use, managed landscapes, reference conditions, restoration ecology, restoration targets, Ecological Applications, Environmental Science and Management, Ecology
Published
2017

10. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales

Author

Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng

Published
2021
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11. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Animals, Vertebrates, Plants, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, Food, Introduced Species, Herbivory, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

12. A continent‐wide study reveals clear relationships between regional abiotic conditions and post‐dispersal seed predation

Author

Orrock, John L, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Firn, Jennifer, MacDougall, Andrew S, Melbourne, Brett A, Yang, Louie H, Baker, Dirk V, Bar‐Massada, Avi, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Kay, Adam D, Lind, Eric, McCulley, Rebecca L, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
AET, Annual actual evapotranspiration, Climate, Granivory, North America, Plant-consumer interactions, Precipitation, Seed predation, climate, granivory, plant-consumer interactions, precipitation, seed predation, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Large-scale patterns linking energy availability, biological productivity and diversity form a central focus of ecology. Despite evidence that the activity and abundance of animals may be limited by climatic variables associated with regional biological productivity (e.g. mean annual precipitation and annual actual evapotranspiration), it is unclear whether plant-granivore interactions are themselves influenced by these climatic factors across broad spatial extents. We evaluated whether climatic conditions that are known to alter the abundance and activity of granivorous animals also affect rates of seed removal. Location: Eleven sites across temperate North America. Methods: We used a common protocol to assess the removal of the same seed species (Avena sativa) over a 2-day period. Model selection via the Akaike information criterion was used to determine a set of candidate binomial generalized linear mixed models that evaluated the relationship between local climatic data and post-dispersal seed predation. Results: Annual actual evapotranspiration was the single best predictor of the proportion of seeds removed. Annual actual evapotranspiration and mean annual precipitation were both positively related to mean seed removal and were included in four and three of the top five models, respectively. Annual temperature range was also positively related to seed removal and was an explanatory variable in three of the top four models. Main conclusions: Our work provides the first evidence that energy and precipitation, which are known to affect consumer abundance and activity, also translate to strong, predictable patterns of seed predation across a continent. More generally, these findings suggest that future changes in temperature and precipitation could have widespread consequences for plant species composition in grasslands, through impacts on plant recruitment.

Published
2015

13. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Nutrition, Biodiversity, Climate, Eutrophication, Geography, Herbivory, Human Activities, Internationality, Light, Nitrogen, Plants, Poaceae, Time Factors, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

14. Seed sowing shifts native–exotic richness relationships in favor of natives during restoration.

Author

Bassett, Tyler J., Grman, Emily, and Brudvig, Lars A.

Subjects
NATIVE species, PRAIRIES, RESTORATION ecology, INTRODUCED species, PRESCRIBED burning, FARMS, SOWING, PLANT productivity
Abstract

A central goal of ecological restoration is to promote diverse ecosystems dominated by native species, but restorations are often plagued by exotic species. A better understanding of factors underlying positive correlations between native and exotic species richness, a pattern that is nearly ubiquitous at large scales in plant communities, may help managers modify these correlations to favor native plant species during restoration. Across 29 tallgrass prairie sites restored through seed sowing onto former agricultural lands, we examined whether the relationship between native and exotic richness is (1) altered by management, such as seed additions and prescribed fire; (2) controlled instead by environmental conditions and successional processes; or (3) altered by management in certain environments and not in others. As is commonly found, native and exotic richness were positively correlated at large scales (i.e., across sites) in this study. Management actions explained much of the remaining variation in native richness, while environmental conditions explained very little. Sites sown with more species at higher seeding rates, especially forb species, had higher native richness than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship. In contrast, native richness was lower in older restorations than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship, because native richness, and not exotic richness, declined with restoration age. We show that management actions such as seed sowing can modify the native–exotic richness relationship to favor native species during restoration. The development of management actions that mitigate native species richness declines over time will further benefit native species restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, MacDougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, D'Antonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Dickman, Chris R, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura M, Lambrinos, John G, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Poaceae, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Introduced Species, Plant Dispersal, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Published
2013

20. General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales

Author

Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng

Published
2020
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25. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Hautier, Yann, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023

26. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Bakker, Jonathan D., Price, Jodi N., Henning, Jeremiah A., Batzer, Evan E., Ohlert, Timothy J., Wainwright, Claire E., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lannes, Lucíola S., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Rachel M., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Olde Venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren L., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Price, Jodi N., Henning, Jeremiah A., Batzer, Evan E., Ohlert, Timothy J., Wainwright, Claire E., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lannes, Lucíola S., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Rachel M., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Olde Venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren L., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Abstract

Human activities are altering ecological communities around the globe. Understanding the implications of these changes requires that we consider the composition of those communities. However, composition can be summarized by many metrics which in turn are influenced by different ecological processes. For example, incidence‐based metrics strongly reflect species gains or losses, while abundance‐based metrics are minimally affected by changes in the abundance of small or uncommon species. Furthermore, metrics might be correlated with different predictors. We used a globally distributed experiment to examine variation in species composition within 60 grasslands on six continents. Each site had an identical experimental and sampling design: 24 plots × 4 years. We expressed compositional variation within each site—not across sites—using abundance‐ and incidence‐based metrics of the magnitude of dissimilarity (Bray–Curtis and Sorensen, respectively), abundance‐ and incidence‐based measures of the relative importance of replacement (balanced variation and species turnover, respectively), and species richness at two scales (per plot‐year [alpha] and per site [gamma]). Average compositional variation among all plot‐years at a site was high and similar to spatial variation among plots in the pretreatment year, but lower among years in untreated plots. For both types of metrics, most variation was due to replacement rather than nestedness. Differences among sites in overall within‐site compositional variation were related to several predictors. Environmental heterogeneity (expressed as the CV of total aboveground plant biomass in unfertilized plots of the site) was an important predictor for most metrics. Biomass production was a predictor of species turnover and of alpha diversity but not of other metrics. Continentality (measured as annual temperature range) was a strong predictor of Sorensen dissimilarity. Metrics of compositional variation are moderately correlated: knowin

Published
2023

27. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of biodiversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., Hautier, Yann, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., and Hautier, Yann

Abstract

Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.

Published
2023

28. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda m., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda m.

Published
2023

36. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Aquatic Ecology (AqE), and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
Mammals, Vegetation, Ecology, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, Plants, Soil, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Taverne, Animals, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Herbivory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vegetatie
Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

37. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Ladouceur, Emma, primary, Blowes, Shane A., additional, Chase, Jonathan M., additional, Clark, Adam T., additional, Garbowski, Magda, additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Barrio, Isabel C., additional, Bharath, Siddharth, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Chen, Qingqing, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Dickman, Christopher R., additional, Donohue, Ian, additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., additional, Komatsu, Kimberly, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, Martina, Jason P., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Ren, Zhengwei, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Schuchardt, Max A., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Veen, G.F. (Ciska), additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Wilfahrt, Peter A., additional, and Harpole, W. Stanley, additional

Published
2022
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38. Potential Negative Ecological Effects of Corridors

Author

HADDAD, NICK M., BRUDVIG, LARS A., DAMSCHEN, ELLEN I., EVANS, DANIEL M., JOHNSON, BRENDA L., LEVEY, DOUGLAS J., ORROCK, JOHN L., RESASCO, JULIAN, SULLIVAN, LAUREN L., TEWKSBURY, JOSH J., WAGNER, STEPHANIE A., and WELDON, AIMEE J.

Published
2014

44. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022

45. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M

Published
2022

46. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A, Chase, Jonathan M, Clark, Adam T, Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Barrio, Isabel C, Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc W, Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L, Dickman, Christopher R, Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Harpole, W Stanley, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A, Chase, Jonathan M, Clark, Adam T, Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Barrio, Isabel C, Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc W, Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L, Dickman, Christopher R, Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Wilfahrt, Peter A, and Harpole, W Stanley

Published
2022

47. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Ladeuceur, E, Blowes, S, Chase, J, Clark, A., Grabowski, M, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, C.A., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, E.T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chen, Q.Q., Collins, Scott, Dickman, C. R., Donohue, C, Du, GZ, Ebling, A, Eisenhauer, N., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Anke, J, Jonsottir, I.S., Komatsu, K.J., MacDougall, A.S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Peri, Paolo, Power, S.A., Zhengwei, R, Risch, A., Roscher, C., Schuchardt, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, C, Virtanen, R, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, P.A., Harpole, W.S., Ladeuceur, E, Blowes, S, Chase, J, Clark, A., Grabowski, M, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, C.A., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, E.T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chen, Q.Q., Collins, Scott, Dickman, C. R., Donohue, C, Du, GZ, Ebling, A, Eisenhauer, N., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Anke, J, Jonsottir, I.S., Komatsu, K.J., MacDougall, A.S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Peri, Paolo, Power, S.A., Zhengwei, R, Risch, A., Roscher, C., Schuchardt, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, C, Virtanen, R, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, P.A., and Harpole, W.S.

Published
2022

48. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A., Chase, Jonathan M., Clark, Adam T., Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc W., Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L., Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., Harpole, W. Stanley, Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A., Chase, Jonathan M., Clark, Adam T., Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc W., Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L., Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Harpole, W. Stanley

Abstract

Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonisation and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e. local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonisation). Under fertilisation, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilisation resulted mostly from species that persist and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained or persisting.

Published
2022

49. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

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