1. Concurrent Anemia and Elevated C-Reactive Protein Predicts HIV Clinical Treatment Failure, Including Tuberculosis, After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
- Author
-
Thomas B. Campbell, Wei Teng Yang, Cynthia Riviere, Robert C. Bollinger, Parul Christian, Amita Gupta, Cecilia Kanyama, Sandra W. Cardoso, Srikanth Tripathy, Alberto La Rosa, Richard D. Semba, Judith S. Currier, Sandy Pillay, Rupak Shivakoti, Wadzanai Samaneka, Nikhil Gupte, Selvamuthu Poongulali, Patcharaphan Sugandhavesa, Sima Berendes, Brento Santos, Alice M. Tang, and Noluthando Mwelase
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Anemia ,HIV Infections ,law.invention ,Pathogenesis ,Young Adult ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Risk Factors ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Treatment Failure ,Risk factor ,Aged ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,C-Reactive Protein ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Hemoglobin ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, yet their joint effect is not known. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of anemia in HIV infection and to determine whether anemia and elevated CRP jointly predict clinical failure post-ART. METHODS A case-cohort study (N = 470 [236 cases, 234 controls]) was nested within a multinational randomized trial of ART efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings [PEARLS]). Cases were incident World Health Organization stage 3, 4, or death by 96 weeks of ART treatment (clinical failure). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for pre-ART (baseline) anemia (females: hemoglobin
- Published
- 2015