195 results on '"Bralower, Timothy J."'
Search Results
2. Surface ocean warming and acidification driven by rapid carbon release precedes Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- Author
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Babila, Tali L, Penman, Donald E, Standish, Christopher D, Doubrawa, Monika, Bralower, Timothy J, Robinson, Marci M, Self-Trail, Jean M, Speijer, Robert P, Stassen, Peter, Foster, Gavin L, and Zachos, James C
- Published
- 2022
3. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
- Author
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Hull, Pincelli M, Bornemann, André, Penman, Donald E, Henehan, Michael J, Norris, Richard D, Wilson, Paul A, Blum, Peter, Alegret, Laia, Batenburg, Sietske J, Bown, Paul R, Bralower, Timothy J, Cournede, Cecile, Deutsch, Alexander, Donner, Barbara, Friedrich, Oliver, Jehle, Sofie, Kim, Hojung, Kroon, Dick, Lippert, Peter C, Loroch, Dominik, Moebius, Iris, Moriya, Kazuyoshi, Peppe, Daniel J, Ravizza, Gregory E, Röhl, Ursula, Schueth, Jonathan D, Sepúlveda, Julio, Sexton, Philip F, Sibert, Elizabeth C, Śliwińska, Kasia K, Summons, Roger E, Thomas, Ellen, Westerhold, Thomas, Whiteside, Jessica H, Yamaguchi, Tatsuhiko, and Zachos, James C
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Carbon Cycle ,Carbon Dioxide ,Extinction ,Biological ,Global Warming ,Mexico ,Models ,Theoretical ,Volcanic Eruptions ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is vigorously debated, owing to the occurrence of a very large bolide impact and flood basalt volcanism near the boundary. Disentangling their relative importance is complicated by uncertainty regarding kill mechanisms and the relative timing of volcanogenic outgassing, impact, and extinction. We used carbon cycle modeling and paleotemperature records to constrain the timing of volcanogenic outgassing. We found support for major outgassing beginning and ending distinctly before the impact, with only the impact coinciding with mass extinction and biologically amplified carbon cycle change. Our models show that these extinction-related carbon cycle changes would have allowed the ocean to absorb massive amounts of carbon dioxide, thus limiting the global warming otherwise expected from postextinction volcanism.
- Published
- 2020
4. Isotopes from fossil coronulid barnacle shells record evidence of migration in multiple Pleistocene whale populations
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Taylor, Larry D, O’Dea, Aaron, Bralower, Timothy J, and Finnegan, Seth
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Animal Migration ,Animals ,Fossils ,Oxygen Isotopes ,Pacific Ocean ,Whales ,cetacean ,barnacle ,migration ,evolution ,fossil - Abstract
Migration is an integral feature of modern mysticete whale ecology, and the demands of migration may have played a key role in shaping mysticete evolutionary history. Constraining when migration became established and assessing how it has changed through time may yield valuable insight into the evolution of mysticete whales and the oceans in which they lived. However, there are currently few data which directly assess prehistoric mysticete migrations. Here we show that calcite δ18O profiles of two species of modern whale barnacles (coronulids) accurately reflect the known migration routes of their host whales. We then analyze well-preserved fossil coronulids from three different locations along the eastern Pacific coast, finding that δ18O profiles from these fossils exhibit trends and ranges similar to modern specimens. Our results demonstrate that migration is an ancient behavior within the humpback and gray whale lineages and that multiple Pleistocene populations were undertaking migrations of an extent similar to those of the present day.
- Published
- 2019
5. Life before impact in the Chicxulub area: unique marine ichnological signatures preserved in crater suevite
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Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J., Kaskes, Pim, Ormö, Jens, Gulick, Sean P. S., Whalen, Michael T., Jones, Heather L., Lowery, Christopher M., Bralower, Timothy J., Smit, Jan, King, Jr., David T., Goderis, Steven, and Claeys, Philippe
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Capturing the global signature of surface ocean acidification during the PalaeoceneEocene Thermal Maximum
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Babila, Tali L, Penman, Donald E, Hnisch, Brbel, Kelly, D Clay, Bralower, Timothy J, Rosenthal, Yair, and Zachos, James C
- Subjects
Life Below Water ,Climate Action ,Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum ,ocean acidification ,boron isotope ,boron/calcium ,planktonic foraminifera ,Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Geologically abrupt carbon perturbations such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) are the closest geological points of comparison to current anthropogenic carbon emissions. Associated with the rapid carbon release during this event are profound environmental changes in the oceans including warming, deoxygenation and acidification. To evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the PETM, we present a compilation of new and published surface ocean carbonate chemistry and pH reconstructions from various palaeoceanographic settings. We use boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) and boron isotopes (δ11B) in surface- and thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct ocean carbonate chemistry and pH. Our records exhibit a B/Ca reduction of 30-40% and a δ11B decline of 1.0-1.2‰ coeval with the carbon isotope excursion. The tight coupling between boron proxies and carbon isotope records is consistent with the interpretation that oceanic absorption of the carbon released at the onset of the PETM resulted in widespread surface ocean acidification. The remarkable similarity among records from different ocean regions suggests that the degree of ocean carbonate change was globally near uniform. We attribute the global extent of surface ocean acidification to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the main phase of the PETM.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.
- Published
- 2018
7. Capturing the global signature of surface ocean acidification during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.
- Author
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Babila, Tali L, Penman, Donald E, Hönisch, Bärbel, Kelly, D Clay, Bralower, Timothy J, Rosenthal, Yair, and Zachos, James C
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Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum ,boron isotope ,boron/calcium ,ocean acidification ,planktonic foraminifera ,Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum ,MD Multidisciplinary ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Geologically abrupt carbon perturbations such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) are the closest geological points of comparison to current anthropogenic carbon emissions. Associated with the rapid carbon release during this event are profound environmental changes in the oceans including warming, deoxygenation and acidification. To evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the PETM, we present a compilation of new and published surface ocean carbonate chemistry and pH reconstructions from various palaeoceanographic settings. We use boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) and boron isotopes (δ11B) in surface- and thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct ocean carbonate chemistry and pH. Our records exhibit a B/Ca reduction of 30-40% and a δ11B decline of 1.0-1.2‰ coeval with the carbon isotope excursion. The tight coupling between boron proxies and carbon isotope records is consistent with the interpretation that oceanic absorption of the carbon released at the onset of the PETM resulted in widespread surface ocean acidification. The remarkable similarity among records from different ocean regions suggests that the degree of ocean carbonate change was globally near uniform. We attribute the global extent of surface ocean acidification to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the main phase of the PETM.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.
- Published
- 2018
8. Paleogene Earth perturbations in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (PEP-US): coring transects of hyperthermals to understand past carbon injections and ecosystem responses
- Author
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Robinson, Marci M., primary, Miller, Kenneth G., additional, Babila, Tali L., additional, Bralower, Timothy J., additional, Browning, James V., additional, Cramwinckel, Marlow J., additional, Doubrawa, Monika, additional, Foster, Gavin L., additional, Fung, Megan K., additional, Kinney, Sean, additional, Makarova, Maria, additional, McLaughlin, Peter P., additional, Pearson, Paul N., additional, Röhl, Ursula, additional, Schaller, Morgan F., additional, Self-Trail, Jean M., additional, Sluijs, Appy, additional, Westerhold, Thomas, additional, Wright, James D., additional, and Zachos, James C., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater exacerbated the K–Pg impact winter
- Author
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Lyons, Shelby L., Karp, Allison T., Bralower, Timothy J., Grice, Kliti, Schaefer, Bettina, Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V., and Freeman, Katherine H.
- Published
- 2020
10. Paleogene Earth perturbations in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (PEP-US): coring transects of hyperthermals to understand past carbon injections and ecosystem responses
- Author
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Stratigraphy and paleontology, Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Robinson, Marci M., Miller, Kenneth G., Babila, Tali L., Bralower, Timothy J., Browning, James V., Cramwinckel, Marlow J., Doubrawa, Monika, Foster, Gavin L., Fung, Megan K., Kinney, Sean, Makarova, Maria, McLaughlin, Peter P., Pearson, Paul N., Röhl, Ursula, Schaller, Morgan F., Self-Trail, Jean M., Sluijs, Appy, Westerhold, Thomas, Wright, James D., Zachos, James C., Stratigraphy and paleontology, Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Robinson, Marci M., Miller, Kenneth G., Babila, Tali L., Bralower, Timothy J., Browning, James V., Cramwinckel, Marlow J., Doubrawa, Monika, Foster, Gavin L., Fung, Megan K., Kinney, Sean, Makarova, Maria, McLaughlin, Peter P., Pearson, Paul N., Röhl, Ursula, Schaller, Morgan F., Self-Trail, Jean M., Sluijs, Appy, Westerhold, Thomas, Wright, James D., and Zachos, James C.
- Published
- 2024
11. The first day of the Cenozoic
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Expedition 364 Scientists, Gulick, Sean P. S., Bralower, Timothy J., Ormö, Jens, Hall, Brendon, Grice, Kliti, Schaefer, Bettina, Lyons, Shelby, Freeman, Katherine H., Morgan, Joanna V., Artemieva, Natalia, Kaskes, Pim, de Graaff, Sietze J., Whalen, Michael T., Collins, Gareth S., Tikoo, Sonia M., Verhagen, Christina, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Coolen, Marco J. L., Goderis, Steven, Goto, Kazuhisa, Grieve, Richard A. F., McCall, Naoma, Osinski, Gordon R., Rae, Auriol S. P., Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Vajda, Vivi, and Wittmann, Axel
- Published
- 2019
12. Preparing a New Generation of Citizens and Scientists to Face Earth's Future
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Bralower, Timothy J., Feiss, P. Geoffrey, and Manduca, Cathryn A.
- Abstract
As the research interests and the focus of traditional earth scientists are transformed, so too must education in earth system science at colleges and universities across the country change. The required change involves not only the methods used to teach this new science, but also the essential place of the earth sciences in the panoply of disciplines as traditionally ordered by academic colleagues. With growing public and political awareness of the significant environmental problems facing the earth in the coming decades, and the realization that issues such as global warming require action on the part of individuals as well as governments, earth system science must establish its place in college curricula to ensure that a new generation of citizens and scientists is prepared to meet future challenges. In this article, the authors posit that strong research in earth system science and equally strong investments in both teaching the earth sciences and training a new generation of earth system scientists are not optional but essential.
- Published
- 2008
13. Paleogeography and Stratigraphy of the La Luna Formation and Related Cretaceous Anoxic Depositional Systems
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Bralower, Timothy J. and Lorente, Maria Antonieta
- Published
- 2003
14. An Integrated Calcareous Microfossil Biostratigraphic and Carbon-Isotope Stratigraphic Framework for the La Luna Formation, Western Venezuela
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de Romero, Linda M., Truskowski, Irene M., Bralower, Timothy J., Bergen, James A., Odreman, Oscar, Zachos, James C., and Galea-Alvarez, Francia A.
- Published
- 2003
15. On the Demise of the Early Paleogene Morozovella velascoensis Lineage: Terminal Progenesis in the Planktonic Foraminifera
- Author
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Kelly, D. Clay, Bralower, Timothy J., and Zachos, James C.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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16. Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction
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Lowery, Christopher M., Bralower, Timothy J., Owens, Jeremy D., Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J., Jones, Heather, Smit, Jan, Whalen, Michael T., Claeys, Phillipe, Farley, Kenneth, Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V., Green, Sophie, Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail L., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J. L., Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Kring, David A., Lofi, Johanna, Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Riller, Ulrich, Sato, Honami, Tikoo, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Vellekoop, Johan, Wittmann, Axel, Xiao, Long, Yamaguchi, Kosei E., and Zylberman, William
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Micropaleontological Dating of the Collision between the North American Plate and the Greater Antilles Arc in Western Cuba
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Bralower, Timothy J. and Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel A.
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- 1997
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18. Morphometrics of the Paleocene Coccolith Genera Cruciplacolithus, Chiasmolithus, and Sullivania: A Complex Evolutionary History
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Bralower, Timothy J. and Parrow, Matthew
- Published
- 1996
19. Environmental and biological controls on the diversity and ecology of Late Cretaceous through early Paleogene marine ecosystems in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain
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Sessa, Jocelyn A., Bralower, Timothy J., Patzkowsky, Mark E., Handley, John C., and Ivany, Linda C.
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- 2012
- Full Text
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20. Palaeoclimate: Volcanism caused ancient global warming
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Meissner, Katrin J. and Bralower, Timothy J.
- Subjects
Global warming -- Environmental aspects -- Causes of ,Volcanism -- Environmental aspects ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Author(s): Katrin J. Meissner (corresponding author) [1]; Timothy J. Bralower (corresponding author) [2] On page 573, Gutjahr et al . [1] report a fundamental breakthrough in our understanding of a [...]
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- 2017
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21. Evolution of Calcareous Nannoplankton and the Recovery of Marine Food Webs after the Cretaceous-Paleocene Mass Extinction
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Fuqua, Lauren M., Bralower, Timothy J., Arthur, Michael A., and Patzkowsky, Mark E.
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- 2008
- Full Text
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22. Timing and Paleoceanography of Oceanic Dysoxia/Anoxia in the Late Barremian to Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous)
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Bralower, Timothy J., Arthur, Michael A., Leckie, R. Mark, Sliter, William V., Allard, David J., and Schlanger, Seymour O.
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- 1994
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23. Globally distributed iridium layer preserved within the Chicxulub impact structure
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Goderis, Steven, Sato, Honami, Ferriere, Ludovic, Schmitz, Birger, Burney, David, Kaskes, Pim, Vellekoop, Johan, Wittmann, Axel, Schulz, Toni, Chernonozhkin, Stepan M., Claeys, Philippe, de Graaff, Sietze J., Dehais, Thomas, de Winter, Niels J., Elfman, Mikael, Feignon, Jean-Guillaume, Ishikawa, Akira, Koeberl, Christian, Kristiansson, Per, Neal, Clive R., Owens, Jeremy D., Schmieder, Martin, Sinnesael, Matthias, Vanhaecke, Frank, Van Malderen, Stijn J. M., Bralower, Timothy J., Gulick, Sean P. S., Kring, David A., Lowery, Christopher M., Morgan, Joanna, V, Smit, Jan, Whalen, Michael T., Goderis, Steven, Sato, Honami, Ferriere, Ludovic, Schmitz, Birger, Burney, David, Kaskes, Pim, Vellekoop, Johan, Wittmann, Axel, Schulz, Toni, Chernonozhkin, Stepan M., Claeys, Philippe, de Graaff, Sietze J., Dehais, Thomas, de Winter, Niels J., Elfman, Mikael, Feignon, Jean-Guillaume, Ishikawa, Akira, Koeberl, Christian, Kristiansson, Per, Neal, Clive R., Owens, Jeremy D., Schmieder, Martin, Sinnesael, Matthias, Vanhaecke, Frank, Van Malderen, Stijn J. M., Bralower, Timothy J., Gulick, Sean P. S., Kring, David A., Lowery, Christopher M., Morgan, Joanna, V, Smit, Jan, and Whalen, Michael T.
- Abstract
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction is marked globally by elevated concentrations of iridium, emplaced by a hypervelocity impact event 66 million years ago. Here, we report new data from four independent laboratories that reveal a positive iridium anomaly within the peak-ring sequence of the Chicxulub impact structure, in drill core recovered by IODP-ICDP Expedition 364. The highest concentration of ultrafine meteoritic matter occurs in the post-impact sediments that cover the crater peak ring, just below the lowermost Danian pelagic limestone. Within years to decades after the impact event, this part of the Chicxulub impact basin returned to a relatively low-energy depositional environment, recording in unprecedented detail the recovery of life during the succeeding millennia. The iridium layer provides a key temporal horizon precisely linking Chicxulub to K-Pg boundary sections worldwide.
- Published
- 2021
24. The impact of lithification on the diversity, size distribution, and recovery dynamics of marine invertebrate assemblages
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Sessa, Jocelyn A., Patzkowsky, Mark E., and Bralower, Timothy J.
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Marine invertebrates -- Natural history ,Sediment compaction -- Influence ,Biological diversity -- Evaluation ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Lithified marine sediments are not equitably distributed through time, raising the possibility that lithification masks biological signals when data from unlithified and lithified sediments are compared or combined. Using mollusk-dominated assemblages from the early Cenozoic of the Gulf Coastal Plain, we find that lithification conceals small taxa, decreases taxonomic resolution, and exacerbates the undersampling of rare taxa. Lithified assemblages appear less diverse and have less even abundance distributions than coeval unlithified samples. These limitations cannot be overcome by standardization procedures, nor are they likely to be circumvented by collecting larger samples. The effects of this bias, however, can be mitigated by restricting analyses to a single lithification state or to specific size classes. Since lithification selectively obscures small taxa, the magnitude of this bias will be most severe when organisms are particularly small, such as in the aftermath of mass extinctions. In the study area, lithification artificially protracts the recovery period following the Cretaceons-Paleogene mass extinction by ~7 m.y.
- Published
- 2009
25. Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater
- Author
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Kring, David A., Tikoo, Sonia M., Schmieder, Martin, Riller, Ulrich, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Simpson, Sarah L., Osinski, Gordon R., Gattacceca, Jérôme, Wittmann, Axel, Verhagen, Christina M., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J. L., Longstaffe, Fred J., Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V., Bralower, Timothy J., Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Green, Sophie L., Jones, Heather, Lofi, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher M., Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Sato, Honami, Smit, Jan, Tomioka, Naotaka, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Whalen, Michael T., Xiao, Long, Yamaguchi, Kosei E., Kring, David A., Tikoo, Sonia M., Schmieder, Martin, Riller, Ulrich, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Simpson, Sarah L., Osinski, Gordon R., Gattacceca, Jérôme, Wittmann, Axel, Verhagen, Christina M., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J. L., Longstaffe, Fred J., Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V., Bralower, Timothy J., Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Green, Sophie L., Jones, Heather, Lofi, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher M., Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Sato, Honami, Smit, Jan, Tomioka, Naotaka, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Whalen, Michael T., Xiao, Long, and Yamaguchi, Kosei E.
- Abstract
The ~180-km-diameter Chicxulub peak-ring crater and ~240-km multiring basin, produced by the impact that terminated the Cretaceous, is the largest remaining intact impact basin on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 drilled to a depth of 1335 m below the sea floor into the peak ring, providing a unique opportunity to study the thermal and chemical modification of Earth’s crust caused by the impact. The recovered core shows the crater hosted a spatially extensive hydrothermal system that chemically and mineralogically modified ~1.4 × 105 km3 of Earth’s crust, a volume more than nine times that of the Yellowstone Caldera system. Initially, high temperatures of 300° to 400°C and an independent geomagnetic polarity clock indicate the hydrothermal system was long lived, in excess of 106 years.
- Published
- 2020
26. Microbial life in the nascent Chicxulub crater
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Schaefer, Bettina, Grice, Kliti, Coolen, Marco J.L., Summons, Roger E, Cui, Xingqian, Bauersachs, Thorsten, Schwark, Lorenz, Böttcher, Michael E., Bralower, Timothy J., Lyons, Shelby L., Freeman, Katherine H., Cockell, Charles S., Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna V., Whalen, Michael T., Lowery, Christopher M., Vajda, Vivi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Schaefer, Bettina, Grice, Kliti, Coolen, Marco J.L., Summons, Roger E, Cui, Xingqian, Bauersachs, Thorsten, Schwark, Lorenz, Böttcher, Michael E., Bralower, Timothy J., Lyons, Shelby L., Freeman, Katherine H., Cockell, Charles S., Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna V., Whalen, Michael T., Lowery, Christopher M., and Vajda, Vivi
- Abstract
The Chicxulub crater was formed by an asteroid impact at ca. 66 Ma. The impact is considered to have contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and reduced productivity in the world’s oceans due to a transient cessation of photosynthesis. Here, biomarker profiles extracted from crater core material reveal exceptional insights into the post-impact upheaval and rapid recovery of microbial life. In the immediate hours to days after the impact, ocean resurge flooded the crater and a subsequent tsunami delivered debris from the surrounding carbonate ramp. Deposited material, including biomarkers diagnostic for land plants, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, appears to have been mobilized by wave energy from coastal microbial mats. As that energy subsided, days to months later, blooms of unicellular cyanobacteria were fueled by terrigenous nutrients. Approximately 200 k.y. later, the nutrient supply waned and the basin returned to oligotrophic conditions, as evident from N2-fixing cyanobacteria biomarkers. At 1 m.y. after impact, the abundance of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria supported the development of water-column photic zone euxinia within the crater.
- Published
- 2020
27. Nannoplankton extinction and origination across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- Author
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Gibbs, Samantha J., Bown, Paul R., Sessa, Jocelyn A., Bralower, Timothy J., and Wilson, Paul A.
- Subjects
Biological diversity -- Research ,Biological diversity -- Analysis - Published
- 2006
28. Shelf and open-ocean calcareous phytoplankton assemblages across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Implications for global productivity gradients
- Author
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Gibbs, Samantha J., Bralower, Timothy J., Bown, Paul R., Zachos, James C., and Bybell, Laurel M.
- Subjects
Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research ,Global warming -- Environmental aspects ,Phytoplankton -- Environmental aspects ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Abrupt global warming and profound perturbation of the carbon cycle during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma) have been linked to a massive release of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system. Increased phytoplankton productivity has been invoked to cause subsequent C[O.sub.2] drawdown, cooling, and environmental recovery. However, interpretations of geochemical and biotic data differ on when and where this increased productivity occurred. Here we present high-resolution nannofossil assemblage data from a shelf section (the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] drill hole at Wilson Lake, New Jersey) and an open-ocean location (Ocean Drilling Program [ODP] Site 1209, paleoequatorial Pacific). These data combined with published biotic records indicate a transient steepening of shelf-offshelf trophic gradients across the PETM onset and peak, with a decrease in openocean productivity coeval with increased nutrient availability in shelf areas. Productivity levels recovered in the open ocean during the later stages of the event, which, coupled with intensified continental weathering rates, may have played an important role in carbon sequestration and C[O.sub.2] drawdown. Keywords: plankton, Paleocene, Eocene, paleoproductivity.
- Published
- 2006
29. A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- Author
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Zachos, James C., Wara, Michael W., Bohaty, Steven, Delaney, Margaret L., Petrizzo, Maria Rose, Brill, Amanda, Bralower, Timothy J., and Premoli-Silva, Isabella
- Subjects
Ocean temperature -- History -- Research -- Measurement -- Environmental aspects ,Science and technology ,Measurement ,Research ,History ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) has been attributed to a rapid rise in greenhouse gas levels. If so, warming should have occurred at all latitudes, although amplified toward the poles, Existing records reveal an increase in high-latitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (8° to 10°C) and in bottom water temperatures (4° to 5°C. To date, however, the character of the tropical SST response during this event remains unconstrained. Here we address this deficiency by using paired oxygen isotope and minor element (magnesium/calcium) ratios of planktonic foraminifera from a tropical Pacific core to estimate changes in SST. Using mixed-layer foraminifera, we found that the combined proxies imply a 4° to 5°C rise in Pacific SST during the PETM. These results would necessitate a rise in atmospheric pC[O.sub.2] to levels three to four times as high as those estimated for the late Paleocene., The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum [55 million years ago (Ma)] was accompanied by a number of environmental perturbations, including mass extinction of benthic foraminifera (1), widespread appearance and proliferation of exotic [...]
- Published
- 2003
30. Cretaceous strontium isotope stratigraphy using marine barite
- Author
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Mearon, Sarah, Paytan, Adina, and Bralower, Timothy J.
- Subjects
Isotope geology -- Methods ,Barite -- Environmental aspects ,Geology, Stratigraphic -- Research ,Chemical oceanography -- Research ,Paleoceanography -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The strontium isotope ratios ([sup.87]SF/[sup.86]Sr) of marine barite microcrystals separated from Cretaceous sedimentary deposits from Ocean Drilling Program and Deep Sea Drilling Project sites from the Pacific and Indian Oceans have been compared to the composite Sr isotope curve of McArthur et al. The barite in these cores accurately recorded the seawater [sup.87]Sr/[sup.86]Sr ratio, thereby reaffirming the composite Cretaceous strontium curve. Moreover, marine barite is a more reliable recorder of [sup.87]Sr/[sup.86]Sr than is carbonate in sedimentary deposits with high clay content, thereby providing an opportunity for Sr isotope stratigraphy and dating in carbonate-poor or diagenetically altered sections. We have used the barite-derived Sr isotope record to refine the biostratigraphic age models of the sites investigated. Keywords: barite, strontium isotopes, stratigraphy, Cretaceous.
- Published
- 2003
31. Rapid macrobenthic diversification and stabilization after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event
- Author
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Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J., primary, Lowery, Christopher M., additional, Bralower, Timothy J., additional, Gulick, Sean P.S., additional, and Jones, Heather L., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater
- Author
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Kring, David A., primary, Tikoo, Sonia M., additional, Schmieder, Martin, additional, Riller, Ulrich, additional, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, additional, Simpson, Sarah L., additional, Osinski, Gordon R., additional, Gattacceca, Jérôme, additional, Wittmann, Axel, additional, Verhagen, Christina M., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Coolen, Marco J. L., additional, Longstaffe, Fred J., additional, Gulick, Sean P. S., additional, Morgan, Joanna V., additional, Bralower, Timothy J., additional, Chenot, Elise, additional, Christeson, Gail L., additional, Claeys, Philippe, additional, Ferrière, Ludovic, additional, Gebhardt, Catalina, additional, Goto, Kazuhisa, additional, Green, Sophie L., additional, Jones, Heather, additional, Lofi, Johanna, additional, Lowery, Christopher M., additional, Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, additional, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, additional, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., additional, Poelchau, Michael H., additional, Rae, Auriol S. P., additional, Rasmussen, Cornelia, additional, Sato, Honami, additional, Smit, Jan, additional, Tomioka, Naotaka, additional, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, additional, Whalen, Michael T., additional, Xiao, Long, additional, and Yamaguchi, Kosei E., additional
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- 2020
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33. Microbial life in the nascent Chicxulub crater
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Schaefer, Bettina, primary, Grice, Kliti, primary, Coolen, Marco J.L., primary, Summons, Roger E., primary, Cui, Xingqian, primary, Bauersachs, Thorsten, primary, Schwark, Lorenz, primary, Böttcher, Michael E., primary, Bralower, Timothy J., primary, Lyons, Shelby L., primary, Freeman, Katherine H., primary, Cockell, Charles S., primary, Gulick, Sean P.S., primary, Morgan, Joanna V., primary, Whalen, Michael T., primary, Lowery, Christopher M., primary, and Vajda, Vivi, primary
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- 2020
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34. The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary
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Schulte, Peter, Alegret, Laia, Arenillas, Ignacio, Arz, José A., Barton, Penny J., Bown, Paul R., Bralower, Timothy J., Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Cockell, Charles S., Collins, Gareth S., Deutsch, Alexander, Goldin, Tamara J., Goto, Kazuhisa, Grajales-Nishimura, José M., Grieve, Richard A. F., Gulick, Sean P. S., Johnson, Kirk R., Kiessling, Wolfgang, Koeberl, Christian, Kring, David A., MacLeod, Kenneth G., Matsui, Takafumi, Melosh, Jay, Montanari, Alessandro, Morgan, Joanna V., Neal, Clive R., Nichols, Douglas J., Norris, Richard D., Pierazzo, Elisabetta, Ravizza, Greg, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Reimold, Wolf Uwe, Robin, Eric, Salge, Tobias, Speijer, Robert P., Sweet, Arthur R., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Vajda, Vivi, Whalen, Michael T., and Willumsen, Pi S.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Volcanic cause of catastrophe
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Bralower, Timothy J.
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- 2008
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36. EARTH SCIENCE: Volcanic cause of catastrophe
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Bralower, Timothy J.
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- 2008
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37. Preparing a new generation of citizens and scientists to face earth's future
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Bralower, Timothy J., Feiss, P. Geoffrey, and Manduca, Cathryn A.
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Environmental movement -- Evaluation -- Social aspects -- Study and teaching ,Global warming -- Study and teaching -- Social aspects ,Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- Social aspects ,Liberalism -- Evaluation -- Social aspects -- Study and teaching ,Education ,Evaluation ,Social aspects ,Study and teaching - Abstract
How Much will global temperatures rise over the next century? How fast will ice sheets on Antarctica and Greenland melt and raise global sea level? Will rising temperature and acidification [...]
- Published
- 2008
38. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary cocktail: Chicxulub impact triggers margin collapse and extensive sediment gravity flows
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Bralower, Timothy J., Paull, Charles K., and Leckie, R. Mark
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Gulf of Mexico -- Natural history ,Caribbean Islands -- Natural history ,Sediments (Geology) -- Research ,Geology, Stratigraphic -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
A distinctive mixture of reworked microfossils, impact-derived materials, and lithic fragments occurs in sediments at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the basinal Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. We have named this mixture the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 'cocktail.' Lithologic and paleontologic evidence suggests that the cocktail was deposited by giant sediment gravity flows, apparently triggered by the collapse of continental margins around the Gulf of Mexico as a result of the Chicxulub impact. As most microfossils in the gravity-flow units are reworked, biostratigraphy provides only maximum ages. Recognition of the cocktail is a reliable way to identify Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary deposits in the basinal Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.
- Published
- 1998
39. Organic Carbon and Transition Metal Accumulation Rates in Holocene and Mid-Cretaceous Sediments: Data and Techniques
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Bralower, Timothy J
- Abstract
This report is a documentation of data and certain ideas presented in:1) Bralower, T. J. and Thierstein, H. R., 1987. Organic carbon and metal accumulation in Holocene and mid-Cretaceous marine sediments : paleoceanographic significance. IN: Brooks, J. and Fleet, A. (eds.) Marine Petroleum Source Rocks , Special Publication of the Geological Society of London v. 24, p. 377-398. Blackwell, London.2) Bralower, T. J., and Thierstein, H. R., 1984. Low productivity and slow deep-water circulation in mid-Cretaceous oceans. Geology 12:614—618.Recent advances in dating techniques, bio-, chrono- and magneto-stratigraphic, have had important implications to our understanding of sedimentary processes. Accurate estimates of the duration of geologic time-slices have allowed the calculation of sedimentation and also accumulation rates. The accumulation rate of a sedimentary component is the rate at which it is removed from the oceanic system into the sedimentary reservoir. Comparisons of sedimentary accumulation rates of particular components with estimates of their oceanic input rates have greatly improved our knowledge of the overall budgets of these elements in the present day ocean.We have integrated and interpreted a large body of Holocene accumulation rate data, and compared it to the accumulation rates of similar components in certain Mid-Cretaceous intervals. Some of this data has been obtained from the literature. Numerous analyses have been made as a part of this study and the techniques and results are presented herein. This report also documents and extends certain aspects of our interpretation of organic carbon and transition metal accumulation.
- Published
- 1984
40. Rapid diversification of planktonic foraminifera in the tropical Pacific (ODP Site 865) during the late Paleocene thermal maximum
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Kelly, D. Clay, Bralower, Timothy J., Zachos, James C., Silva, Isabella Premoli, and Thomas, Ellen
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Foraminifera -- Research ,Paleobotany -- Paleocene ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The planktonic foraminiferal genera Morozovella and Acarinina rapidly (in [approximately]10 k.y.) diversified during the late Paleocene thermal maximum (LPTM), giving rise to such morphotypes as M. allisonensis (new species), M. africana, and A. sibaiyaensis. Single-specimen isotopic analysis confirms that M. allisonensis and A. sibaiyaensis are restricted to the LPTM carbon isotope excursion recorded at Ocean Drilling Program Site 865 (equatorial Pacific Ocean). The short-lived (50 to several 100 k.y.) 'excursion' taxa attest to the ephemeral effects of the LPTM on the calcareous plankton. Single-specimen oxygen isotope data show that evolution of M. allisonensis and A. sibaiyaensis was accompanied by migration to deeper water depths. Ancestral M. velascoensis and A. soldadoensis were extremely rare or absent during the early stages of the LPTM, but immigrated back into the study area to coexist with their descendants in later LPTM horizons. Photosymbiosis may have facilitated the morozovellid and acarininid diversifications during the oligotrophic conditions of the LPTM.
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- 1996
41. The first day of the Cenozoic
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Gulick, Sean, P.S., Bralower, Timothy J., Ormö, Jens, Hall, Brendon, Grice, Kliti, Schaefer, Bettina, Lyons, Shelby, Freeman, Katherine, Morgan, Joahha, Artemieva, Natalia, Kaskes, Pim, de Graaff, Sietze, Whalen, Michael T., Collins, Gareth S., Tikoo, Sonia M., Verhagen, Christina, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Coolen, Marco J. L., Goderis, Steven, Goto, Kazuhisa, Grieve, Richard A. F., McCall, Naoma, Osinski, Gordon R., Rae, Auriol S. P., Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Vajda, Vivi, Wittmann, Axel, Gulick, Sean, P.S., Bralower, Timothy J., Ormö, Jens, Hall, Brendon, Grice, Kliti, Schaefer, Bettina, Lyons, Shelby, Freeman, Katherine, Morgan, Joahha, Artemieva, Natalia, Kaskes, Pim, de Graaff, Sietze, Whalen, Michael T., Collins, Gareth S., Tikoo, Sonia M., Verhagen, Christina, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Coolen, Marco J. L., Goderis, Steven, Goto, Kazuhisa, Grieve, Richard A. F., McCall, Naoma, Osinski, Gordon R., Rae, Auriol S. P., Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Vajda, Vivi, and Wittmann, Axel
- Abstract
Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) –International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by <1 m of micrite-rich carbonate deposite over subsequent weeks to years. We present an interpreted series of events based on analyses of these drill cores. Within minutes of the impact, centrally uplifted basement rock collapsed outward to forma peak ring capped in melt rock. Within tens of minutes, the peak ring was covered in ∼40 m of brecciated impact melt rock and coarsegrained suevite, including clasts possibly generated by melt–water interactions during ocean resurge. Within an hour, resurge crested the peak ring, depositing a 10-m-thick layer of suevite with increased particle roundness and sorting. Within hours, the full resurge deposit formed through settling and seiches, resulting in an 80-m-thick fining-upward, sorted suevite in the flooded crater. Within a day, the reflected rim-wave tsunami reached the crater, depositing a cross-bedded sand-to-fine gravel layer enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons overlain by charcoal fragments. Generation of a deep crater open to the ocean allowed rapid flooding and sediment accumulation rates among the highest known in the geologic record. The high-resolution section provides insight into the impact environmental effects, including charcoal as evidence for impactinduced wildfires and a paucity of sulfur-rich evaporites from the target supporting rapid global cooling and darkness as extinction mechanisms., Additional funding from:The European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) implemented Expedition 364 with funding from the IODP and the ICDP. US participants were supported by the US Science Support Program and National Science Foundation Grants OCE 1737351, OCE 1736826, OCE 1737087, OCE 1737037, OCE 1736951, and OCE 1737199. J.O. was partially supported by Grants ESP2015-65712-C5-1-R and ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. B.S. thanks Curtin University for an Australian Postgraduate Award. J.V.M. was funded by Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/P005217/1. K. Grice thanks Australia Research Council for Grant DP180100982 and Australia New Zealand IODP Consortium for funding. The Vrije Universiteit Brussel group is supported by Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and BELSPO; P.K. is an FWO PhD fellow.
- Published
- 2019
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42. Impact of preservation techniques on pteropod shell condition
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Oakes, Rosie L., Peck, Victoria L., Manno, Clara, Bralower, Timothy J., Oakes, Rosie L., Peck, Victoria L., Manno, Clara, and Bralower, Timothy J.
- Abstract
Pteropods have been a key focus of ocean acidification studies during the last decade due to their fragile aragonite shells and key role they play in polar ecosystems. Pteropods collected at sea are typically preserved before analysis at onshore laboratories. Despite the importance placed on pteropods as a sentinel for the impact of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers, there has never been a systematic study assessing how different preservation techniques affect the condition of pteropod shells. In this study we perform an experiment to assess the impact of six preservation techniques on the shell condition of Limacina retroversa pteropods. Using five shell condition-assessment methods, we find shells that were air dried were the least altered relative to the time of collection. Of the solution-based preservation techniques, shells were least altered when preserved in 70% buffered ethanol and most altered in a solution of sodium chloride buffered formalin. Our results have implications for the interpretation of pteropod shell condition in samples which have been stored in solution, and provide guidelines for the preservation of future pteropod collections.
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- 2019
43. Palaeoclimatology: Tropical temperatures in greenhouse episodes
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Zachos, James C., Arthur, Michael A., Bralower, Timothy J., and Spero, Howard J.
- Published
- 2002
44. Unique record of an incipient ocean basin: Lower Cretaceous sediments from the southern margin of Tethys
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Rad, Ulrich von and Bralower, Timothy J.
- Subjects
Tethys (Paleogeography) -- Research ,Sedimentary basins -- Research ,Marine sediments -- Analysis ,Geology, Stratigraphic -- Cretaceous ,Earth sciences - Published
- 1992
45. Glass from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in Haiti
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Sigurdsson, Haraldur, D'Hondt, Steven, Arthur, Michael A., Bralower, Timothy J., Zachos, James C., Fossen, Mickey van, and Channell, James E.T.
- Subjects
Haiti -- Natural history ,Geology, Stratigraphic -- Tertiary ,Mass extinction theory -- Research ,Tektite -- Research ,Craters -- Research ,Geology, Stratigraphic -- Cretaceous ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Published
- 1991
46. Shaping of the Present-Day Deep Biosphere at Chicxulub by the Impact Catastrophe That Ended the Cretaceous.
- Author
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Cockell, Charles S., Schaefer, Bettina, Wuchter, Cornelia, Coolen, Marco J. L., Grice, Kliti, Schnieders, Luzie, Morgan, Joanna V., Gulick, Sean P. S., Wittmann, Axel, Lofi, Johanna, Christeson, Gail L., Kring, David A., Whalen, Michael T., Bralower, Timothy J., Osinski, Gordon R., Claeys, Philippe, Kaskes, Pim, de Graaff, Sietze J., Déhais, Thomas, and Goderis, Steven
- Subjects
BIOSPHERE ,GRANITE ,FLUID flow ,MICROBIAL communities ,CENOZOIC Era - Abstract
We report on the effect of the end-Cretaceous impact event on the present-day deep microbial biosphere at the impact site. IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub crater, México, allowing us to investigate the microbial communities within this structure. Increased cell biomass was found in the impact suevite, which was deposited within the first few hours of the Cenozoic, demonstrating that the impact produced a new lithological horizon that caused a long-term improvement in deep subsurface colonization potential. In the biologically impoverished granitic rocks, we observed increased cell abundances at impact-induced geological interfaces, that can be attributed to the nutritionally diverse substrates and/or elevated fluid flow. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed taxonomically distinct microbial communities in each crater lithology. These observations show that the impact caused geological deformation that continues to shape the deep subsurface biosphere at Chicxulub in the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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47. Rock fluidization during peak-ring formation of large impact structures
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Riller, Ulrich, Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S. P., Schulte, Felix M., Collins, Gareth S., Melosh, H. Jay, Grieve, Richard A. F., Morgan, Joanna V., Gulick, Sean P. S., Lofi, Johanna, Diaw, Abdoulaye, McCall, Naoma, Kring, David A., Green, Sophie L., Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail L., Claeys, Philippe, Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J. L., Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Jones, Heather, Long, Xiao, Lowery, Christopher M., Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, Pérez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Sato, Honami, Smit, Jan, Tikoo-Schantz, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Whalen, Michael T., Wittmann, Axel, Yamaguchi, Kosei E., Fucugauchi, Jaime Urrutia, Bralower, Timothy J., IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 Science Party, Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Department of Geology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], British Geological Survey (BGS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, China University of Geosciences [Beijing], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Chemistry, Toho University, NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), Work supported by the Priority Programs 527 and 1006 of the German Science Foundation (grants Ri 916/16-1 and PO 1815/2-1), National Science Foundation grants (OCE-1737351, OCE-1450528 and OCE-1736826), and Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/P011195/1 and NE/P005217/1), by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) and the IODP as Expedition 364 with co-funding from the ICDP., Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, and Chemistry
- Subjects
Solar System ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,ACOUSTIC FLUIDIZATION ,General Science & Technology ,Flow (psychology) ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Deformation (meteorology) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Brittleness ,DEFORMATION ,Fluidization ,Impact structure ,Petrology ,COLLAPSE ,IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 Science Party ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Science & Technology ,EXAMPLE ,Drilling ,SIMULATIONS ,CHICXULUB CRATER ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,TARGET ,Meteorite ,SUDBURY ,general ,ASYMMETRY ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,VREDEFORT ,Geology - Abstract
8 pages; International audience; Large meteorite impact structures on the terrestrial bodies of the Solar System contain pronounced topographic rings, which emerged from uplifted target (crustal) rocks within minutes of impact. To flow rapidly over large distances, these target rocks must have weakened drastically, but they subsequently regained sufficient strength to build and sustain topographic rings. The mechanisms of rock deformation that accomplish such extreme change in mechanical behaviour during cratering are largely unknown and have been debated for decades. Recent drilling of the approximately 200-km-diameter Chicxulub impact structure in Mexico has produced a record of brittle and viscous deformation within its peak-ring rocks. Here we show how catastrophic rock weakening upon impact is followed by an increase in rock strength that culminated in the formation of the peak ring during cratering. The observations point to quasi-continuous rock flow and hence acoustic fluidization as the dominant physical process controlling initial cratering, followed by increasingly localized faulting.
- Published
- 2018
48. Supplementary Table S1-S3 from Capturing the global signature of surface ocean acidification during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
- Author
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Babila, Tali L., Penman, Donald E., Hönisch, Bärbel, D. Clay Kelly, Bralower, Timothy J., Rosenthal, Yair, and Zachos, James C.
- Abstract
Geologically abrupt carbon perturbations such as the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) are the closest geological points of comparison to current anthropogenic carbon emissions. Associated with the rapid carbon release during this event are profound environmental changes in the oceans including warming, deoxygenation and acidification. To evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the PETM, we present a compilation of new and published surface ocean carbonate chemistry and pH reconstructions from various palaeoceanographic settings. We use boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) and boron isotopes (δ11B) in surface- and thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct ocean carbonate chemistry and pH. Our records exhibit a B/Ca reduction of 30–40% and a δ11B decline of 1.0–1.2‰ coeval with the carbon isotope excursion. The tight coupling between boron proxies and carbon isotope records is consistent with the interpretation that oceanic absorption of the carbon released at the onset of the PETM resulted in widespread surface ocean acidification. The remarkable similarity among records from different ocean regions suggests that the degree of ocean carbonate change was globally near uniform. We attribute the global extent of surface ocean acidification to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the main phase of the PETM.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals—rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Supplementary Figure S1 from Capturing the global signature of surface ocean acidification during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
- Author
-
Babila, Tali L., Penman, Donald E., Hönisch, Bärbel, D. Clay Kelly, Bralower, Timothy J., Rosenthal, Yair, and Zachos, James C.
- Abstract
Geologically abrupt carbon perturbations such as the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) are the closest geological points of comparison to current anthropogenic carbon emissions. Associated with the rapid carbon release during this event are profound environmental changes in the oceans including warming, deoxygenation and acidification. To evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the PETM, we present a compilation of new and published surface ocean carbonate chemistry and pH reconstructions from various palaeoceanographic settings. We use boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) and boron isotopes (δ11B) in surface- and thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct ocean carbonate chemistry and pH. Our records exhibit a B/Ca reduction of 30–40% and a δ11B decline of 1.0–1.2‰ coeval with the carbon isotope excursion. The tight coupling between boron proxies and carbon isotope records is consistent with the interpretation that oceanic absorption of the carbon released at the onset of the PETM resulted in widespread surface ocean acidification. The remarkable similarity among records from different ocean regions suggests that the degree of ocean carbonate change was globally near uniform. We attribute the global extent of surface ocean acidification to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the main phase of the PETM.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals—rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Drilling-induced and logging-related features illustrated from IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 downhole logs and borehole imaging tools
- Author
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Lofi, Johanna, Smith, David, Delahunty, Chris, Le Ber, Erwan, Brun, Laurent, Henry, Gilles, Paris, Jehanne, Tikoo, Sonia, Zylberman, William, Pezard, Philippe A., Célérier, Bernard, Schmitt, Douglas R., Nixon, Chris, Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V, Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail, Claeys, Phillipe, Cockell, Charles S, Coolen, Marco J L, Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, K., Green, S., Jones, Heather, Kring, David A, Lowery, C., Mellett, C., Ocampo-Torres, R., Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Poelchau, Michael, Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, C., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Riller, Ulrich, Sato, H., Smit, J., Tomioka, N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Whalen, Michael, Wittmann, Axel, Xiao, L., Yamaguchi, Kosei E, Bralower, Timothy J, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Chemistry, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Geological Survey (BGS), DOSECC Exploration Services, Department of Geology [Leicester], University of Leicester, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UK Centre for Astrobiology, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Department of Geology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, China University of Geosciences [Beijing], Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funded by IODP withco-funding from ICDP and implemented by ECORD, with contributionsand logistical support from the Yucatán state government and the National Autonomous University of Mexico., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA OIGC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Geology and Geochemistry
- Subjects
Geochemistry & Geophysics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Drill ,Mechanical Engineering ,04 Earth Sciences ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Borehole ,Drilling ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Coring ,Seafloor spreading ,lcsh:Geology ,Impact crater ,Sedimentary rock ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Petrology ,Casing ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
13 pages; International audience; Expedition 364 was a joint IODP and ICDP mission-specific platform (MSP) expedition to explore the Chicxulub impact crater buried below the surface of the Yucatán continental shelf seafloor. In April and May 2016, this expedition drilled a single borehole at Site M0077 into the crater's peak ring. Excellent quality cores were recovered from ∼505 to ∼1335 m below seafloor (m b.s.f.), and high-resolution open hole logs were acquired between the surface and total drill depth. Downhole logs are used to image the borehole wall, measure the physical properties of rocks that surround the borehole, and assess borehole quality during drilling and coring operations. When making geological interpretations of downhole logs, it is essential to be able to distinguish between features that are geological and those that are operation-related. During Expedition 364 some drilling-induced and logging-related features were observed and include the following: effects caused by the presence of casing and metal debris in the hole, logging-tool eccentering, drilling-induced corkscrew shape of the hole, possible re-magnetization of low-coercivity grains within sedimentary rocks, markings on the borehole wall, and drilling-induced changes in the borehole diameter and trajectory.
- Published
- 2018
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