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ABSTRACT Heptozus Lindner, with a known distribution in Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama, is recorded for the first time in Brazil with the occurrence of Heptozus hansoni James in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardised framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is, in fact, much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies.

Wuyishan National Park is well known for its rich biodiversity. Previously, only five species of Hybos Meigen, 1803 were known to occur in this region. In this study, 27 species of the genus Hybos from Wuyishan National Park are reviewed based on comparative morphological characteristics. Among these, nine species are described as new to science: Hybos brevidigitatus sp. nov., Hybos constractus sp. nov., Hybos curvitibia sp. nov., Hybos dazhulanus sp. nov., Hybos fujianensis sp. nov., Hybos leucopogus sp. nov., Hybos longidigitatus sp. nov., Hybos modificatus sp. nov., and Hybos wuyishanus sp. nov. Diagnoses, detailed descriptions, remarks, colored illustrations, distributions, and some of the female terminalia characteristics are provided for nine new species. In addition, 13 species of this genus are reported for the first time in Wuyishan National Park. A key to Hybos species from Wuyishan National Park is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon is a socio-ecological system comprising a rich landscape mosaic of beaches, dunes, sandflats, mudflats, sea-grasses, and small water channels. The lagoon is one of the largest saltmarsh areas in Portugal and Europe, supporting coastal food webs and serving as a nursery area for several species. Because of these features, Ria de Aveiro is a Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research platform (LTSER) site and integrates the Natura 2000 network. Despite this, only recently has research been conducted regarding its entomofauna. In this study, field collections were carried out in seven locations along Ria de Aveiro saltmarshes areas by sweep-netting the dominant halophyte vegetation in September 2020. A total of 222 Diptera specimens from 13 families (Asteiidae, Canacidae, Chamaemyiidae, Chyromyidae, Hybotidae, Lauxaniidae, Milichiidae, Scathophagidae, Sciomyzidae, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae, Therevidae and Ulidiidae), belonging to 19 genera and 23 species, are presented in this paper. From these, 1 genus and 4 species are new records for Portuguese territory. Sphaeroceridae was the most species-rich family, with Rachispoda fuscipennis being the most abundant species recorded. This study provides a snapshot into coastal insect communities in Portuguese coastal lagoons and highlights the need to continue to access insect biodiversity in these coastal areas, which are threatened mostly by sea-level rise, coastal squeeze, and saline intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present 7418 records of insects of the order Diptera, corresponding to 7569 specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection of the University of Antioquia (CEUA) with information associated with plant taxa. The specimens were collected in and/or reared from small bodies of water accumulated in parts of terrestrial plants, denoted as Phytotelmata in a tropical rain forest in the department of Chocó. The dataset is public access through Biodiversity Information System (SiB-Colombia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardised framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is, in fact, much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In equine stables and their surroundings, a large number of insects are present that can be a nuisance to their equine hosts. Previous studies about dipterans transmitting infectious agents to Equidae have largely focused on Nematocera. For the preparation of this systematic review, the existing literature (until February 2022) was systematically screened for various infectious agents transmitted to Equidae via insects of the suborder Brachycera, including Tabanidae, Muscidae, Glossinidae and Hippoboscidae, acting as pests or potential vectors. The PRISMA statement 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The two concepts, Brachycera and Equidae, were combined for the search that was carried out in three languages (English, German and French) using four different search engines. In total, 38 articles investigating Brachycera as vectors for viral, bacterial and parasitic infections or as pests of equids were identified. Only 7 of the 14 investigated pathogens in the 38 reports extracted from the literature were shown to be transmitted by Brachycera. This review clearly shows that further studies are needed to investigate the role of Brachycera as vectors for pathogens relevant to equine health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Although the species richness of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) in Brazil (~340 species) is one of the highest for the family worldwide, we still do not know the actual number of species, the extent of their distribution, or the species seasonal dynamics for a single area in the Neotropics. The soldier fly fauna in the semideciduous seasonal forests, which cover a major area of the countryside of the state of São Paulo, is poorly known compared to the best-known areas in the Atlantic Forest for stratiomyids, such as the ombrophilous forests on the southeast coast. With the constant habitat fragmentation of the remnants of the semideciduous forests in the state for crops and pastures for cattle, we are losing valuable data about biodiversity. This study details the stratiomyids for a single area in the Neotropical Region, using a standardized collecting methodology with Malaise traps, from May 2010 to December 2011. Here, we provide a list of 41 stratiomyid species and 25 genera in eight subfamilies from a total of 1,533 specimens collected in the Reserva Biológica e Ecológica Augusto Ruschi, Sertãozinho, Brazil. The current number of species/morphospecies reported for the state of São Paulo is raised to 113, with Merosargus golbachi James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 and M. tripartitus James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 reported for the first time to Brazil. Our analyses estimate even higher richness in the studied area, probably between 48 to 114 species, indicating that further collection efforts are needed.

Totally, 3368 species belonging to 84 families of the suborder Brachycera have been reported from Bulgaria. The families Tachinidae (425 species), Syrphidae (303 species), Muscidae (267 species), Phoridae (231 species) and Dolichopodidae (214 species) comprise the greatest number of species. Of the recorded species, 21 are pests on the forestry or agriculture and 49 species have a significance for the human or veterinary medicine. The distribution of dipterans in the different regions of Bulgaria is presented. The greatest number of species has been found in the zone of the xerothermic oak forests (2275 species or 67.5%). The brachycerans belong to 139 zoogeographical categories, divided into 2 supergroups: (1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (384 species or 11.4%) - more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic and the lower parts of the mountains; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (2916 species or 86.6%) - more eurybiontic and widely distributed. Totally, 68 (2.0%) endemics have been found. The distribution of the zoogeographical categories per vegetation belts of Bulgaria is scrutinised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In equine stables and their surroundings, a large number of insects are present that can be a nuisance to their equine hosts. Previous studies about dipterans transmitting infectious agents to Equidae have largely focused on Nematocera. For the preparation of this systematic review, the existing literature (until February 2022) was systematically screened for various infectious agents transmitted to Equidae via insects of the suborder Brachycera, including Tabanidae, Muscidae, Glossinidae and Hippoboscidae, acting as pests or potential vectors. The PRISMA statement 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The two concepts, Brachycera and Equidae, were combined for the search that was carried out in three languages (English, German and French) using four different search engines. In total, 38 articles investigating Brachycera as vectors for viral, bacterial and parasitic infections or as pests of equids were identified. Only 7 of the 14 investigated pathogens in the 38 reports extracted from the literature were shown to be transmitted by Brachycera. This review clearly shows that further studies are needed to investigate the role of Brachycera as vectors for pathogens relevant to equine health.

The peacock fly Callopistromyia annulipes (Macquart, 1855) is recorded for the first time in Romania, from several locations. Its current distribution in Europe and some data regarding the ecology of the species are presented.

Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary innovation. To explore the relative impact of gene duplication during the diversification of major insect model system lineages, we performed a comparative analysis of lineage-specific gene duplications in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Brachycera), the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicomorpha), the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), and the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera). Focusing on close to 6,000 insect core gene families containing maximally six paralogs, we detected a conspicuously higher number of lineage-specific duplications in Drosophila (689) compared to Anopheles (315), Tribolium (386), and Apis (223). Based on analyses of sequence divergence, phylogenetic distribution, and gene ontology information, we present evidence that an increased background rate of gene duplicate accumulation played an exceptional role during the diversification of the higher Diptera (Brachycera), in part by providing enriched opportunities for intralocus sexual conflict resolution, which may have boosted speciation rates during the early radiation of the megadiverse brachyceran subclade Schizophora.

We have assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genome of Tinda javana (Macquart, 1838) (a species of soldier fly) in this study. It is 15,495 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a large non-coding control region (length: 704 bp). The nucleotide composition of whole mitochondrial genome biases toward A and T (75.5%). Most PCGs use ATN as initiation codon, except for cox1 which starts with CGA. All PCGs end with common termination codon TAA/G. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence data supported the monophyly of Stratiomyidae and the sister relationship between Pachygastrinae and the clade (Nemotelinae + (Hermetiinae + Sarginae)).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Parastratiosphecomyia szechuanensis Lindner, 1954 was sequenced and analyzed in this study. The mitochondrial genome is 16,414 bp in length, including the 37 typical insect mitochondrial genes and a large control region. All PCGs end with complete termination codon TAA or TAG. Most PCGs initiated by standard start codon ATN, except for cox1 which starts with TCG. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence data of 13 PCGs recovered the monophyly of Stratiomyidae and the sister relationship between Xylomyidae and Stratiomyidae.

The Chyromyidae of Turkey are reviewed and all 15 species known from the country are listed. The following are new records: Chyromya miladae Andersson, 1976, Gymnochiromyia inermis (Collin, 1933), Aphaniosoma approximatum Becker, 1903, A. micromacro Carles-Tolrá, 2001, A. propinquans Collin, 1949 and A. proximum Ebejer, 1998. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of gene duplication in developmental body plan evolution is well-established, but for many megadiverse clades such as true flies (Diptera), a comprehensive understanding is still just emerging through comparative genomics. In a survey of 377 developmental gene families, we found that in addition to the pea aphid, which has been previously shown to be genome-wide enriched with gene duplicates and was included as positive control, more than twice as many expanded developmental gene families were observed in Drosophila (49) compared to mosquito (21), flour beetle (20), and honeybee (14). Synonymous sequence divergence estimates and ortholog conservation analyses in additional dipteran genomes revealed that most Drosophila gene duplicates are ancient and accumulated during a time window that reaches back to the origin of brachyceran flies, ~180 million years ago. Further, available genetic data suggest that more than half of the Drosophila developmental gene duplicates remained partially or even fully redundant despite their ancient separation. We therefore speculate that the exceptional accumulation of developmental gene duplicates in Drosophila and the higher Diptera was proximally driven by the evolution of fast development, benefiting from increased genetic robustness. At the same time, the concomitant increase of opportunities for gene duplicate diversification appears to have been a source for developmental and phenotypic innovation during the unparalleled diversification of brachyceran Diptera.

Among all species of flies, Xylophagidae is one of the most primitive Brachycera families. We sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome of Heterostomus sp., the first representative of subfamily Xylophaginae with complete mitochondrial data. This mitogenome is 15,897 bp totally, which consists of 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs and non-coding control regions. All genes have the conservational arrangement like other published species of Brachycera. The nucleotide composition biases toward A and T, the overall A + T% was up to 78.7% of the entire mitogenome. Both Bayesian inference and ML analysis strongly supported the monophyly of Xylophagidae. Our results also suggested that Xylophagomorpha is the sister group to Stratiomyomorpha.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Diptera–Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists. Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera–Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging. Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera. For the Diptera–Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper.

ABSTRACT Ommatius erythropus Schiner, 1867 is redescribed and a lectotype is established. The female of Ommatius trifidus Vieira, Bravo & Rafael, 2010 is described and a new record is provided. Ommatius ruficaudus Curran, 1928 is established as a new synonym of Ommatius pulcher (Engel, 1885). An identification key is presented to the Ommatius costatus species group. A map with the geographic records is provided.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ommatius erythropus Schiner, 1867 is redescribed and a lectotype is established. The female of Ommatius trifidus Vieira, Bravo & Rafael, 2010 is described and a new record is provided. Ommatius ruficaudus Curran, 1928 is established as a new synonym of Ommatius pulcher (Engel, 1885). An identification key is presented to the Ommatius costatus species group. A map with the geographic records is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuyishan National Park is well known for its rich biodiversity. Previously, only five species of Hybos Meigen, 1803 were known to occur in this region. In this study, 27 species of the genus Hybos from Wuyishan National Park are reviewed based on comparative morphological characteristics. Among these, nine species are described as new to science: Hybosbrevidigitatus sp. nov. , Hybosconstractus sp. nov. , Hyboscurvitibia sp. nov. , Hybosdazhulanus sp. nov. , Hybosfujianensis sp. nov. , Hybosleucopogus sp. nov. , Hyboslongidigitatus sp. nov. , Hybosmodificatus sp. nov. , and Hyboswuyishanus sp. nov. Diagnoses, detailed descriptions, remarks, colored illustrations, distributions, and some of the female terminalia characteristics are provided for nine new species. In addition, 13 species of this genus are reported for the first time in Wuyishan National Park. A key to Hybos species from Wuyishan National Park is also given., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Meilin Li, Ding Yang.)

Social wasps stand out due to their role in the trophic balance of the ecosystems. These insects can get nutrients by preying on other insects, such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and the decomposing remains of vertebrates. Some species, such as Polybia scutellaris, can also use pollen and nectar stored in their nests to produce honey. Some studies lay emphasis on the prey captured by social wasps, showing that predation, in some conditions, is directed to Lepidoptera larvae, such as for Polybia occidentalis, Polybia paulista and Polybia ignobilis. Other species like P. scutellaris focus on flies of the Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae and Anthomyiidae families. There are few studies with social wasps that feed on animal carcasses; this way, our study aims to report the predation on individuals of the Sarcophagidae family, which use Rattus norvegicus carcasses as a food source, by the social wasp Polybia scutellari

Apresentamos uma investigação comparativa da morfologia das terminálias masculina e feminina de gêneros da família Rhagionidae (Diptera, Brachycera, Tabanomorpha) com distribuição neotropical. Partindo do plano básico de Brachycera, hipóteses de homologias entre as peças reprodutivas foram analisadas em um contexto comparativo. Os resultados sugerem que as condições presentes em Rhagionidae são no geral muito modificadas quando comparadas com o ancestral comum mais recente de Brachycera. Este trabalho apresenta uma hipótese filogenética heurística cujos resultados podem servir como base para o entendimento da grande diversificação morfológica das terminálias masculina e feminina dos ragionídeos, apontando para a solução de algumas controvérsias a respeito da morfologia das estruturas reprodutivas do grupo.

Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. The female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira, 2012 is described for the first time. Description and illustrations of the habitus, wing and terminalia of the female are provided. The distribution is extended to Bolivia and Peru.

Aristofolia Ayala-Landa, a valid genus of Asilinae (Diptera, Asilidae). The robber fly genus Aristofolia Ayala-Landa, 1978 is a monotypic taxon of Asilinae. The status of Aristofolia is revalidated, and addenda to the original description of the genus is provided. The habitus, wings, male and female terminalia are described and illustrated.

This is the first literature record of the genus Stenomicra Coquillett (Diptera: Periscelididae) from South America (Neotropical Region). New information on the biological cycle of Stenomicra species in the wild is provided, and four species of the genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) are recorded as host plants for immature stages of this taxon. The specimens of Stenomicra sp. were collected in Sierra de la Ventana, Buenos Aires province, Argentina.En este estudio, se publica por primera vez para Sudamérica (Región Neotropical) el género Stenomicra Coquillett (Diptera: Periscelididae). Se aporta información sobre su ciclo biológico en condiciones naturales y se mencionan cuatro especies del género Eryngium L. (Apiaceae), como plantas hospedadoras de los estados inmaduros. Los ejemplares de Stenomicra sp. fueron colectados en Sierra de la Ventana, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Estágios imaturos e macho adulto de Leucotabanus albovarius (Walker, 1854) são descritos e ilustrados pela primeira vez. A larva foi encontrada em tronco de pupunheira em decomposição, Bactris gasipaes Kunth (Arecaceae), nas proximidades de Manaus. Diagnoses diferenciais dos imaturos de Leucotabanus Lutz são apresentadas.Immature stages and male adult of Leucotabanus albovarius (Walker, 1854) are described and figured for the first time. The larva was found in rotten wood of the palm Bactris gasipaes Kunth (Arecaceae) near Manaus. Differential diagnoses of the known immatures of Leucotabanus Lutz are presented.

Brachycera is a clade with over 80,000 described species and originated from the Mesozoic, and its larvae employ comprehensive feeding strategies. The phylogeny of the lower Brachycera has been studied intensively over the past decades. In order to supplement the lack of genetic data in this important group, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Atylotus miser as well as the nearly complete mt genomes of another 11 orthorrhaphous flies. The mt genome of A. miser is 15,858 bp, which is typical of Diptera, with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a 993 bp control region. The rest of the orthorrhaphous mt genomes in our study have the similar structure with A. miser . Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 20 mt genomes using Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods in order to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of Orthorrhapha. The results show that all infraorders of Brachycera are monophyletic, and a relationship of Tabanomorpha + ((Xylophagomorpha + Stratiomyomorpha) + Muscomorpha) has been proposed. Within Xylophagomorpha, Nemestrinoidae forms the sister group of Xylophagidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first checklist of the Dolichopodidae of Turkey is presented. A total of 187 species and one subspecies belonging to 35 genera are listed. The type locality and the distribution in Turkey for each species are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

É descrito o macho de Chlorotabanus leucochlorus Fairchild, 1961, espécie com registros para o norte do Brasil, Suriname, Venezuela e leste do Peru. Para o estudo foram utilizados sete machos provenientes de diferentes localidades do estado do Amazonas, Brasil. O material está depositado na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) e na Coleção Zoológica Paulo Bührnheim (UFAM), ambas em Manaus, Brasil.The male of Chlorotabanus leucochlorus Fairchild, 1961 is described for the first time. The species is known from northern Brazil, Suriname, Venezuela and eastern Peru. Seven males from various locations in the state of Amazonas, Brazil were examined. The material was deposited in the Invertebrate Collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and Zoological Collection Paulo Bührnheim (UFAM), both in Manaus, Brazil.