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This study aims to evaluate discrepancies between self-reported and measured height and weight, with a focus on sex differences and group variation among Turkish immigrants living in the Netherlands, Germany, and Türkiye. Data were collected from 478 participants (202 male and 276 female) across these three countries. Both selfreported and measured values for height and weight were recorded and analyzed. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the differences in reported and measured values and BMI. Results showed significant differences between self-reported and measured height and weight across sexes and origins. Females reported greater height differences than males; Turkish immigrant individuals living in the Netherlands in particular reported their heights as higher than other groups for both sexes (Males: 1.77 cm; Females: 1.79 cm). Similarly, weight discrepancies were more pronounced among females, particularly those from the Netherlands, with a selfreported weight that was -0.68 kg lower than the measured weight. These results suggest a tendency for participants to overestimate height and underestimate weight, with varying patterns based on sex and country of origin. Regression analyses indicated a positive correlation between BMI and the magnitude of discrepancies between selfreported and measured anthropometric values. These findings underscore the importance of considering self-report biases in anthropometric studies and highlight the need for anthropometric measurements in health assessments, particularly when assessing immigrant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role of maternal height and body mass index in the prediction of preterm birth. Material and Method: Patients who had either cesarean section and/or spontaneous vaginal delivery in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the last 5 years were included in the study. Demographic data, weeks of gestation at the time of delivery, maternal height and body mass index of the patients with preterm delivery were recorded retrospectively for the study group. The control group consisted of retrospectively selected patients who had given birth after the expected date of delivery using the Naegele method. Results: In the study, 295 of 541 pregnant women had a preterm birth (study group), while 246 women had given birth after the expected date of delivery (control group). Maternal height and body mass index had an influence on preterm birth. The sensitivity and specificity values for a height of 152.5 cm and a body mass index of 21.3 kg/m2 were (1.0 and 0.13) and (1.0 and 0.06), respectively. In the receiver characteristics analysis of these variables affecting preterm birth, the area under the curve for body mass index and maternal height were 0.763 and 0.708, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that height and body mass index were found to be good discriminators for the prediction of preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epilepsy during recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is rare in children. The potential association between rhGH treatment and epilepsy remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two Chinese boys who experienced epilepsy during the use of rhGH and reviewed the relevant literature. Results: Case 1, an 8-year and 2-month-old boy, was diagnosed with short stature, malnutrition, and congenital hypothyroidism. He was on levothyroxine sodium tablets for a long time. Recurrent febrile convulsions were present at 6-7 years. Electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormality, and no treatment was given. He was diagnosed with complex febrile convulsions. The boy started rhGH treatment (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 8 years and 4 months. Epilepsy occurred three times during the 6 months of rhGH treatment. Electroencephalography confirmed a definitive diagnosis of epilepsy. Then, he discontinued rhGH treatment at 8 years and 11 months and started taking levetiracetam (0.25 g, po, bid) for antiepileptic therapy. Epilepsy was well-controlled 4 months later. He continued rhGH treatment at 10 years and 3 months and has been on rhGH treatment until now, with no recurrence of epilepsy. He has been taking levetiracetam to date. Case 2, a 9-year and 1-month-old boy, was diagnosed with central precocious puberty, predicted short final height, and overweight. He started treatment with triptorelin (3.75 mg, im, q4w) and rhGH (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 9 years and 3 months. He tended to fall repeatedly when he was approximately 10 years old. Electroencephalography showed a few medium- to high-amplitude sharp waves and sporadic sharp slow waves in the left middle temporal region, sometimes involving the left posterior temporal region. He was diagnosed with epilepsy. Triptorelin discontinuance provided no symptom relief, which worsened further. Subsequently, he withdrew from rhGH treatment, and the symptoms occurred occasionally within a week and stopped after 15 days. The electroencephalogram returned to normal. No further seizures occurred during follow-up to date. Conclusion: During the use of rhGH in short-stature children with complex febrile convulsions or underlying lesions related to neurological impairment or those being treated with antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy may be induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to analyse the association between sex hormones and bone age (BA) in boys aged 9–18 years, both individually and interactively, and further to explore whether nutritional status may influence this association. A retrospective analysis was performed among 1382 Chinese boys with physical measurements, sexual characteristics, BA radiographs and sex hormone indicators from February 2015 to February 2022. A total of 470 (34.0%) boys had advanced BA. BA was positively associated with estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in both advanced and normal BA groups after adjusting for age, genetic height and body mass index. Multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting for covariates, estradiol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.12), LH (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04–1.96), and testosterone (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17–2.13) were significantly associated with the increased risk of advanced BA in boys, and the association was reinforced when these hormones were interactively explored. Stratified by nutritional status, the interaction between estradiol, LH, and testosterone showed a strong association with advanced BA in boys with normal weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare low-grade sarcoma, which rarely metastasizes, but it is locally aggressive with a propensity to recur. It usually affects persons of African descent and is extremely rare in childhood with a favourable prognosis. We present a case of paediatric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to the midline of the lower back of a 9-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy who was biopsied with a 2-mm margin. After histological confirmation, a 4-cm margin was then performed. Surveillance for recurrence, though none has been seen thus far after 6-month follow-up, will be done for at least 5 years and possibly longer, given this is the first case of this nature ever seen in our institution and the Caribbean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Objective: We present a boy with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)-associated precocious puberty (PP) who achieved normal adult height without treatment. Case Report: The patient presented at 10 years of age with PP and fibrous dysplasia of the right humerus. Examination showed a height 148.7 cm, Tanner 2 pubic hair and 12-15 cc testes. The Bone age (BA) was 13 years with a predicted adult height of 175 cm vs. mid parental target height of 173 cm. Laboratory parameters were as follows: luteinizing hormone (LH) 0.745 mIU/mL (0.2-4.9 mIU/mL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 0.933 mIU/mL (1.8-3.2 mIU/mL), testosterone 42 ng/dL (18-150 ng/dL), inhibin B 436.6 pg/mL (41-238 pg/mL) and AMH 36.1 ng/mL (45.26-191.34 ng/mL). The DNA testing result of tissue from the right humerus was positive for GNAS p. R201C mutation confirming a diagnosis of MAS. Pubertal progression with growth spurt occurred over the next 3 years: growth velocity (GV) 12 cm/y, testosterone 116 ng/dL, LH 0.715 mIU/mL and FSH 1.3 mIU/mL at 10.6 years; GV 10.3 cm/y, BA 13 to 13.6 years, testosterone 450 ng/dL, LH 1.7 mIU/mL and FSH 1.4 mIU/mL at 11.7 years; and GV 3.8 cm/y, BA 17 years, Testosterone 668 ng/dL and LH 4.2 μIU/mL at 13.3 years. Height was 171.2 cm. Discussion: PP is reported in approximately 15% of boys with MAS. PP leads to BA advancement and reduction in final adult height. Our patient achieved normal adult height without treatment in the absence of excess growth hormone. Conclusion: Boys with MAS and PP with slow BA advancement may achieve normal adult height without treatment even in the absence of excess growth hormone.

Society often uses three terms, manosphere, man cave and man box, to explain the behaviour of men. Three hidden and smaller versions of these terms describe how boys connect with other boys, how boys are socialized, how boys learn to survive and eventually emerge into manhood: boyosphere, boy cave and boy box. Within the boy box, there is a war against boys, and unless there is more constructive intervention to save our boys, then the world will continue to blame boys for social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale & objectiveIn the general population, girls have lower mortality risk compared with boys. However, few studies have focused on sex differences in survival and in access to kidney transplantation among children with end-stage kidney disease.Study designRetrospective cohort study.Setting & participantsChildren aged 2 to 19 years registered in the US Renal Data System who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 1995 and 2011.PredictorStudy participant sex.OutcomeTime to death and time to kidney transplantation.Analytical approachWe used adjusted Cox models to examine the association between sex and all-cause mortality. We used Fine-Gray models to examine the association between sex and kidney transplantation accounting for the competing risk for death.ResultsWe included 14,024 children, of whom 1,880 died during a median 7.1 years of follow-up. In adjusted analyses, the HR for death was higher for girls (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25-1.50) than boys. When we further adjusted our survival models for transplantation as a time-dependent covariate, the hazard rate of death in girls was partially attenuated but remained statistically significantly higher than that for boys (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17-1.41). Girls were also less likely to receive a kidney transplant than boys (adjusted subdistribution HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95) in analyses treating death as a competing risk.LimitationsLack of data for disease course before the onset of RRT and observational study data.ConclusionsThe mortality rate was substantially higher for girls than for boys treated with RRT. Access to transplantation was lower for girls than boys, but differences in transplantation access accounted for only a small proportion of the survival differences by sex.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kur’ân’ın kastedilen anlamlarının anlaşılması öncelikle âyetleri oluşturan lafızların delâletlerini doğru tespit etmeye bağlıdır. Zira Kur’ân’da yer alan lafızların anlamlarına delâletleri farklılık arz eder. Maksûd anlamlarının kapalılıklarına göre bir hiyerarşi vardır. Bazı lafızlar birden fazla anlama muhtemeldir. Bunlara müşkil denilir. Müşkil lafızların en belirgin özelliği ihtilafa, farklı anlayışlara kapısının açık olmasıdır. Birden çok anlama gelmesi muhtemel olan bu âyetlerden birisi de Âl-i İmrân sûresinin 36. âyetidir. Bu Âyette geçen meâlen “Erkek kız gibi değildir.” ibaresinin kime ait olduğu, erkek ve kız arasında bir üstünlüğün söz konusu olup olmadığı, böyle bir üstünlük varsa bunun hangi cinsiyete ait olduğu vb. tefsirlerde tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada mevzubahis âyetin, belli başlı klasik tefsirlerden başlayıp günümüze kadar nasıl yorumlandığına dair farklı görüşler bir araya getirilmiş ve bu yorumların gerekçeleri incelenmiştir. İbare hakkında yapılan özgün tefsirler genel olarak iki görüş etrafında toplanmaktadır. Birincisi: Mabedin hizmetinde bulunma hususunda erkek olmanın ontolojik üstünlükleri bulunur. Erkek hayız, nifas gibi mabette bulunmaya mâni olan engellerden halidir ve mabedin hizmetini görmek için gerekli fiziki güce sahiptir. Mabede devam eden erkeklerle ihtilat etme mecburiyeti olacağı için bu içli dışlı oluşa kadınlık manidir. Erkeğin diğer erkek cemaat ile bir arada bulunmasında herhangi bir sakınca yokken kadın hakkında ise durum öyle değildir. İkincisi: Hanne kendisine bahşedilen kızı erkeğe üstün tutmuştur. Bu yoruma göre Hz. Meryem’in annesi şöyle demiştir: “İstediğim erkekti. Fakat bu kız ise Allah’ın bana bahşettiği bir ihsan. İstediğim olan erkek, Allah’ın bana bahşettiği kız gibi değildir.” Böyle bir yoruma göre Meryem’in annesi, Allah’ın kendisine verdiği şeyin kendisi için istediği şeyden daha hayırlı olduğunu bilen marifet ehli bir kadındır. Sonuç olarak bu yorumların her birinin genel anlamda ilmi bir mesnede dayandığı ve lafız ve terkiplerin birden fazla anlama muhtemel olmasından dolayı da kesin bir yargıda bulunmanın mümkün olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Fakat çalışmanın ibare hakkında şöyle bir değerlendirmesi olmuştur: İbare, “teslimiyet dersi” vermektedir. Hz. Meryem’in annesinin, gönlünde erkek çocuğu olduğu halde kız doğurduğunda Allah’ın takdirine teslimiyet göstermesi ve kendisine bahşedilen kız çocuğunda büyük bir hayır var olduğuna inandığını belirtmesi Kur’ân’ın “tevhît ve tevekkül” maksadına daha uygundur. Zira Kur’ân başından sonuna kadar defalarca kazaya rıza, Allah’ın lütfuna teslim dersi vermiştir. Erkek beklerken kızı olan bir kadının erkek çocuğunun herhangi bir sebeple daha meziyetli olduğu gibi bir düşüncesini yahut tahassürünü Kur’ân’ın bizlerle paylaşmış olması da muhtemeldir. Fakat çalışmanın tercihi görüş bu değildir.

Scrotal injuries are not very common in children and are mostly due to blunt trauma from direct injury, sports injuries or motor vehicle accidents. Traumatic testicular torsion in children has been also infrequently reported in the literature. To ensure testicular salvage, an urgent and specialised diagnosis and management are necessary. We present a case of a partial epididymal rupture and spermatic cord haematoma with an associated secondary testicular torsion due to blunt scrotal injury, in a 12-year-old boy.

This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of basketball training and executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in boys aged 6 to 8. A total of 40 boys recruited from a local after-school basketball training club were divided into a low-frequency group (once a week) and a high-frequency group (at least twice a week). An additional 20 age-matched boys recruited from a local elementary school were considered as the control group (no training experience). All subjects conducted the Stop-signal task, the N-back task, and the switching task at rest. The mean reaction time and accuracy data obtained from each task were used in statistical analysis. There was no significant group difference in either the accuracy or reaction time of inhibitory control. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the reaction time of working memory across groups. However, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher accuracy (93.00 ± 4.31%) with regard to working memory than the low-frequency group (85.4 ± 6.04%, P < 0.001) and the control group (83.73 ± 7.70%, P < 0.001), respectively. A positive correlation was also found between the accuracy of working memory and groups. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility accuracy (91.93 ± 7.40% vs. 85.70 ± 9.75%, P = 0.004) and shorter reaction time (934.24 ± 213.02 ms vs. 1,122.06 ± 299.14 ms, P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between the accuracy of cognitive flexibility and groups. These findings suggest that regular basketball training, especially with higher frequency, is beneficial to working memory and cognitive flexibilityin boys aged 6 to 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy is the property of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mental health problems among adolescents have become a public health issue in Norway. However, few adolescent boys seek help for their mental health problems. This study focus on adolescent boys’ experiences related to visiting the public health nurse for mental health problems. Twelve adolescent boys were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The theme identified from the data was: overcoming barriers to reach for a helping hand. The theme consisted of four categories: the public health nurse must be accessible; breaking the norm is a prerequisite for the adolescent boys to talk about mental health problems; ensuring that confidentiality is respected; and the public health nurse is a trustworthy person who can open up for new perspectives. The adolescent boys experienced barriers to visiting the public health nurse. When they had crossed these barriers, the visit was experienced as positive.

Purpose Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is a safe and effective therapy used to treat central precocious puberty (CPP). Although most studies have reported no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) in girls during and after GnRHa therapy, few studies have investigated changes in BMI in boys with CPP. This study evaluated the effects of GnRHa therapy on BMI in boys with CPP. Methods This study included 75 boys with CPP at Ajou University Hospital between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016, who treated with leuprorelin acetate or triptorelin acetate every 4 weeks for at least 2 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to BMI: normal weight, overweight, and obese. We analyzed the BMI standard deviation score (SDS) in each group before therapy and after 1 year and 2 years of therapy. Results Of the 75 boys, 37 were in the normal weight group, 21 were in the overweight group, and 17 were in the obese group. Magnetic resonance imaging that was performed before treatment showed abnormal findings in 9 boys. The mean BMI SDS for all participants at initiation was 1.0±0.8, and that in the normal weight, overweight, and obese groups was 0.3±0.4, 1.3±0.1, and 1.9±0.3, respectively. There were no significant differences in BMI SDS in any group after 1 or 2 years of treatment. Conclusions The BMI SDS in boys with CPP did not significantly change over 2 years of GnRHa therapy.

Introduction: The psychomotor development of the child depends on the parents, but mainly the brothers and grandparents participate. Objective: To describe the participation of the family in the early psychomotor stimulation of older infants living in a marginal urban area. Methods: Qualitative ethnographic study. The sample was represented by 15 mothers of older infants who attend the growth and development control at their local health center; The data were collected in their homes through the interview, participant observation and field diary and were processed through thematic analysis. Results: a) Stimulation of fine and gross motor skills, b) Stimulation of language and cognitive learning c) Socio-affective stimulation and learning of values. Conclusions: In this study, the family members stimulate the older infant in their daily lives through play, using materials from the home, toys, technological equipment such as television, radio and cell phones. However, cell phone use should be controlled to avoid eye, cognitive and addictive problems. Therefore, it is recommended that the primary care nurse assess their practices at home before providing health education on infant stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eskiyeni is the property of Anadolu Ilahiyat Akademisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to selling products, formula milk advertisements also displayed an overview of what, who, and how is the Indonesian children’s identity. The process of constructing a gender perspective of Indonesian children occurred through the representation of children in these advertisements. This paper sought to read advertisements on formula milk in connection to gender relations. The purpose of this paper was to find out how the identity and gender of Indonesian children represented in formula milk advertisement. The constructionist approach used in this paper. Roland Barthes’s semiotic method used to read the child’s description and the child’s gender relations represented in the ad. The data of this paper were 45 adverts of formula milk from eight different brands that aired on television throughout 2011. In the reading process, it revealed that the description of gender roles in formula milk advertisements was a new form of gender relations in Indonesia. In advertisements, there was a mother figure who is still concerned with domestic roles. However, the boundary between domestic space and public space had been fading. The appearance of men had undergone modifications. Fathers were displayed interacting with his children in a friendly manner. This change in appearance did not necessarily change gender stereotypes. Boys were still dominant. They showed as healthy and smart. It had implications for gender ideas that were embedded and expressed in the appearance of children. Boys showed preparing to stare at the future with all the advantages attached to them. Children who showed advertisements of formula milk are boys who look contemporary, creative and come from the middle class.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to describe hand fracture epidemiology/etiology in city children and describe time trend during six decades. Patients and methods A single hospital serves the entire city population of 271,271 (year 2005). Through the hospital medical and radiological archives, we collected epidemiology and etiology data concerning pediatric (age

Physical urticaria is a heterogeneous group of inducible conditions in which symptoms are induced by exogenous physical triggers, such as cold, water, heat, and mechanical stimuli, acting on the skin. A nine-year-old male patient presented with complaints of erythema, itching, and a small urticarial rash on his skin after contact with water. His complaints started six months ago. Regardless of the temperature and water source, her symptoms emerged during hand and face washing and shower/bath. In addition, the patient had erythema, itching, and small urticarial rashes in the areas of the body where tears and sweat came in contact. His complaints were not triggered by other conditions such as exercise, temperature rise, stress or, cold. There were no individuals similar complaints in his family. No abnormalities were seen in laboratory tests. The patient was diagnosed with aquagenic urticaria after a history and water provocation test. After one month of antihistamine and liquid vaseline treatments, the patient's complaints were significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ten year old boy presented with black hairy nevus over left eyelid since birth.He did not have any complains of vision. The nevus was progressing in size encroaching over upper eyelid with minute papules in eyelid margin. It was diagnosed as congenital hairy melanocytic nevus clinically. His parents were advised laser therapy after he reaches maturity as a management option. The location of the nevus made it worth reporting.

Background Tumors of the skull usually affect adult patients and less than twenty percent of pediatric patients. As the tumors grow, the surrounding bone may undergo destruction and erosion. When the tumors are located in the fontanel, the timely closure of the fontanel may be inhibited. Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors that are intracranially located and very rarely in the midline of the cranium. Meanwhile about 32% of stratified-squamous epithelial epidermoid cysts affect the head and neck region and only 6.7% occur in the scalp. We report an unusual epidermoid cyst located and growing in the anterior fontanel of a pediatric patient and inhibiting fontanel closure. Case Description A 21-month-old boy and his parents visited our polyclinic because there was a lump on his anterior fontanel since four months before they came to the hospital. The lump was initially the size of a peanut and had grown to become as large as a quail’s egg. The physical examination was normal and the brain CT-scan showed bone destruction without any intracranial lesion. The tumor was excised on the preoperative diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Histopathology examination showed the characteristics of an epidermoid cyst. The cyst had a wall and was full of keratin flakes without hair follicles or sebaceous glands. Follow-up one year after complete excision did not reveal any recurrence. Conclusion Epidermoid cysts in the skull of pediatric patients must be completely excised as soon as possible because their growth can damage the bone and inhibit the closure of the sutures.

Scrotal injuries are not very common in children and are mostly due to blunt trauma from direct injury, sports injuries or motor vehicle accidents. Traumatic testicular torsion in children has been also infrequently reported in the literature. To ensure testicular salvage, an urgent and specialised diagnosis and management are necessary. We present a case of a partial epididymal rupture and spermatic cord haematoma with an associated secondary testicular torsion due to blunt scrotal injury, in a 12-year-old boy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether LEP19 G>A and LEPR 668 A>G polymorphisms would influence the effect of an 8-week combined aerobic and resistance training. Methods Thirty obese boys (BMIz>+2) aged 11--13 (12.66±0.47) years were recruited from three middle schools in Quchan. The changes in body composition parameters and metabolic factors in response to 8-weeks combined aerobic and resistance training program were analyzed regarding LEP and LEPR polymorphism. DNA was extracted from cheek cells donated by the 30 participants and genotyping was carried out using PCR. Results Our results suggest that carriers of rs2167270G and rs1137101A allele were characterized by a greater reduction in body mass and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P<0.05). Also, a significant decrease was observed in leptin levels in carriers of rs2167270G allele after the training program (P=0.031). Moreover, the LEP and LEPR polymorphisms were associated with changes in lipid profile in response to training. Conclusions In response to 8 weeks of regular physical activity, obese boys with G (rs2167270) and A (rs1137101) alleles had the best likelihood of losing weight which was associated with a decrease in body mass, fat mass (%), WHR and leptin concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to describe an entity of primary hydrocele accompanied with fibrosis, thickening and hemorrhagic infiltration of parietal layer of tunica vaginalis (PLTV). During a 4-year period (2011–2014), 94 boys (2.5–14 years old) underwent primary hydrocele repair. Hydrocele was right sided in 55 (58.5 %), left sided in 26 (28.7%) and bilateral in 12 patients (13.8%). Eighty three out of 94 patients (88.30%) had communicating hydrocele and the rest eleven patients (11.7%) had non-communicating. Our case group consists of 8 patients (8.51%) based on operative findings consistent with PLTV induration, thickening and hemorrhagic infiltration. Preoperative ultrasonography did not reveal any pathology of the intrascrotal structures besides hydrocele. There weren’t hyperechoic reflections or septa within the fluid. Evaluation of thickness of the PLTV was not feasible. Presence of lymph or exudate was excluded after fluid biochemical analysis. Tunica vaginalis histological examination confirmed thickening, hemorrhagic infiltration and inflammation, while there was absence of mesothelial cells. Immunochemistry for desmin was positive, excluding malignant mesothelioma. One patient underwent high ligation of the patent processus vaginalis and PLTV sheath fenestration, but one year later, he faced a recurrence. An elective second surgery was conducted via scrotal incision and Jaboulay operation was performed. The latter methodology was our treatment choice in other 7 out of 8 patients. During a 2-year postoperative follow-up, no other patient had any recurrence. We conclude that in primary hydrocele with macroscopic features indicative of tunica vaginalis inflammation, reversion of the tunica should be a part of operative strategy instead of sheath fenestration, in order to minimize the recurrence.

Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests are economically and ecologically one of the most important forests in Turkey. The one of the essential building blocks in forest growth and yield prediction models is the equations for estimating individual tree volume. Individual tree volume estimations can be used to tree and stand volume estimations and to any merchantable limit of this volume, forest management plans arrangement, to projections of forest products industries, and to estimations of biomass and carbon budgets. In this study, tree volume equations were developed for brutian pine stands in Kaş Region. In this study, 517 sample trees destructively measured and then these trees are randomly divided into two groups as model development data and validation data. Nineteen regression models tested in this study. The tested models were compared using five performance criteria (average absolute residuals, root mean square error, coefficient of determination, maximum absolute error, and, Akaike Information criteria) for model development and validation dataset. Accordingly relative rank of models, while the best volume equation is Model 4, the worst equation is Model 3 for tree volume predictions. The results of Model 4 are compared with results of the other volume equations for model validation dataset. The proposed model performed better than the other models for volume estimations. The obtained results showed that, more accurate volume estimations can be obtained using model 4 for natural brutian pine stands of Kaş District.

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to evaluate the growth and development of school children and adolescents living in Ankara, to determine the up-to-date anthropometric values and to compare them in terms of secular change. The study was carried out cross-sectionally on 1484 (761 boys, 723 girls) children and adolescents aged 6-17 years that measured in accordance with international anthropometric protocols, and smoothed percentiles were constructed using the LMS method. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, malnutrition and obesity were evaluated the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs. Height and weight were found to be higher for boys for all age groups. Sexual dimorphism was significant between 14-17 ages due to the growth spurt (p<0.001). BMI difference was higher between lower and higher percentiles particularly for boys. Boys were found to be more eco-sensitive, and malnutrition and obesity prevalence were higher. It is important to conduct population based anthropometric studies to construct local reference growth tables, in order to follow up growth in children and adolescents as well as to determine public health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the sports activities of divers conducted over three years, with boys (n=104) and girls (n=102), has determined that the sports activities of such divers are in general similar. For instance, indicators of physical development and sports-technical preparedness are similar in significance and contribution to the factorial structure for boys (11.4-21.8%) and girls (12.8-22.6%). The indicators of nystagmus reactions to rotational loads in 10-year-olds are common for all groups (boys: 10.0%; girls: 6.9%) but differ in their place in the factorial structure and contribution to the total dispersion. Thus, in the boys' group, indicators of physical development and sports-technical preparedness remain valid throughout the study period, while girls aged 12 to 13 experience changes in the significance of the identified factors and the integration of factors' indicators, which makes their interpretation difficult. The analysis carried out will allow the development of an integrated assessment of athletic suitability, taking into account the rank correlation of the indicators of children's sports-technical preparedness by years of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health problems among adolescents have become a public health issue in Norway. However, few adolescent boys seek help for their mental health problems. This study focus on adolescent boys' experiences related to visiting the public health nurse for mental health problems. Twelve adolescent boys were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The theme identified from the data was: overcoming barriers to reach for a helping hand. The theme consisted of four categories: the public health nurse must be accessible; breaking the norm is a prerequisite for the adolescent boys to talk about mental health problems; ensuring that confidentiality is respected; and the public health nurse is a trustworthy person who can open up for new perspectives. The adolescent boys experienced barriers to visiting the public health nurse. When they had crossed these barriers, the visit was experienced as positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) is one of the most important tree species in Turkey. Therefore, the information is necessary about growth and yield of the species for developing future management and planning strategies. The one of the essential building blocks in forest growth and yield prediction models is the equations for estimating individual tree volume. In this study, tree volume equations were developed for Taurus cedar stands in West Mediterranean Region. The tested models were compared using six performance criteria (Fit index, average bias, average absolute residuals, absolute maximum bias, and Akaike Information criteria) for model development and validation dataset. According to relative ranks of models, the best volume equations are Takata (1958) and Schumacher-Hall (1933) for Taurus cedar. As a result, tree volume can be estimated with high precision using Schumacher-Hall (1933)’s equation for natural cedar stands in this region.

Degloving injury of penis and scrotum is very rare in child population and requires early reconstructive surgery for good outcomes. We report a 10-year-old boy with complete avulsion of the scrotum and partial of the penis caused by a bicycle chain due to off-road bicycling. The patient has been treated successfully with a single-staged surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, assess the impact of age and identify the factors associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in a group of preschool and school children's. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational and retrospective study, conducted in children of 3 to 12 years-old, with obstructive sleep apnea, treated at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, between January 1 and December 31, 2014. The clinical was described with the information contained in the records. The parents of the children sent to the Sleep Medicine Unit answered a standardized questionnaire of sleep symptoms and comorbidities. For the analysis of the information descriptive statistics were used. The normality of the data distribution was checked with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Dichotomous variables were evaluated with X2 and continuous variables with Student's t. RESULTS: 108 preschoolers and 136 schoolchildren were registered. The 74% had tonsil hypertrophy. The most frequent symptoms were: habitual snoring, nocturnal oral breathing and chronic cough (73, 72 and 70%, respectively). Preschoolers had a higher frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (38% vs. 22%) and schoolchildren were more obese (13% vs 39%) and with more heart disease (4% vs 10%, p <0.05). The frequency of obstructive severe sleep apnea was higher in preschoolers (76 vs. 62%, p = 0.01). In preschoolers, snoring, witnessed apneas, night drowning, parental night surveillance and tonsil hypertrophy was associated with the severity of the disease (OR 3.58, 5.92, 5.37, 5.89, 2.17, respectively, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The age group is associated with differences in the clinical manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea, severity of illness and use of positive pressure equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The gall bladder stones (GBSs) are common disease related to diet habit, obesity, hematological diseases, diabetes mellitus, and receiving total parenteral nutrition. GBS is a rare cause of hospitalization of pediatric patients but have been increasingly diagnosed in recent years due to widespread use of ultrasonography. The aim of this case report study is to determine the clinical presentation, risk factors, valuable diagnostic procedures, and outcome of laparoscopic management of cholelithiasis in children. Case report: Our case is a 9-year-old boy with empyemic gallbladder complaining of attacks of colicky epigastric pain associated with recurrent vomiting. On abdominal palpation, there is positive sign of deep tenderness at hypochondrium area and positive murphy sign. He has central obesity with body mass index of 29.9, skin folds >3.5 cm and waist circumference >90 cm. He has history of high cholesterol and fatty diet and fast food habit, prolonged intake of vitamin D, and positive family history. While no other associated risk factors was detected in our patient, all laboratory investigations was within normal ranges even for his lipid profile. Although empyema was present no leukocytosis was detected. Abdominal ultrasound showed the gall bladder wall is slightly thick surrounded by pericholycystic fluid, solitary GBS of 3 cm size and normal CBD. Post-operative histopathological examination revealed thick wall gallbladder with multiple tiny stones of cholesterol type. The patient was treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy with promising outcome and no complications. Conclusion: Pediatric surgeons should consider cholecystolithiasis from differential diagnosis of abdominal pain associated with vomiting in children. Empyema of gallbladder should be considered once murphy sign is positive in such child patients. Child obesity, fatty diet, vitamin D deficiency, and family history are possible risk factors. Ultrasonography is the mainstay of diagnosis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the appropriate management for symptomatic cholelithiasis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies the issue of the boy as an imam ( prayer leader). It discusses whether a boy that has not reached puberty can lead prayers, even though he is well aware of prayer activities. It also discusses whether adults should accept to be led by him in prayer. The issue is important since prayer is the second pillar of Islam after the declaration of faith in Allah. The research examines in detail the ulama's varied views on the issue and the arguments for and against permissibility. It follows a comparative analytical methodology and a deductive methodology. The research makes the following conclusions: it not permissible for the boy to lead adults in congregational compulsory prayers, but it is permissible in voluntary prayers; even in voluntary prayers priority should be given to adult imams; the ulama's disagreement in that respect derive from (a) their differences on the issue of compulsory prayers being led by someone performing voluntary prayers, and (b) their differences on the nature of the relationship between the prayers of the imam (leader) and the ma'muum (led).

By the carried study, it’s aimed to expose the effects of 16 weeks swimming exercises of sedentary girl and boys aged 7-13 on anthropometric measurements and somatotype components. In total 114 children, healthy 53 girls, the average age 9.35±2.14 years and 61 boys, the average age 9.56±2.74 years under the summer school joining to swimming lessons participated to this research. Height, body mass, chest, waist and hip circumference measurements and 10 anthropometric measurements of research group necessary for somatotype calculation has taken before and after the 16 weekly swimming program. Somatotype calculations evaluated by Heath-Carter somatotype method. Data tested in p lt;0.05 significance level via Paired Samples t-Test. With the data obtained before and after swimming exercises, as compared to boys and girls separately, all the data apart from height, medial calf skinfold, waist/hip ratio, mesomorph coefficient in girls and all the data apart from height and waist/hip ratio are significantly different in boys. Somatotype values in preliminary test of girls changed from 4.99-3.64-2.35 to 4.45-3.78-2.8 and of boys changed from 4.67-3.72-2.24 to 3.92-4.15-2.38. The findings of the study show that swimming exercises have effects on the decrease in body mass and increase in muscle mass. Given the characteristics of the investigated age group, the period of pre-adolescent girls tend to increase the lubrication, swimming exercises to be held in this age group would benefit for weight control and create a healthier future generation. Swimming exercises are important for preventing weight gain and deal with existing problems of technology and inactivated lifestyle especially in the puberty period children.

The proposed article prompted us to fix our attention to carols collected and researched in the Eastern areas of the rivers Dniester and Bug. We will refer to a significant aspect of the Christmas celebrations publicized, especially with the aim of initiating a lad or a girl in their future marriage. On the basis of the studies carried out by N. Smochină, C. Ionescu, N. Băieşu, A. Golopenţia, M. Brătulescu, T Colac etc., we intend to highlight the way is «seen» the contamination and assimilation of the unmarried girl’s, motif especially when caroling the Eastern and Western regions. The author of the article reveals the anonymous poet’s role, who laid emphasis on the message, thought, intention, desire, and in the rural atmosphere, they find greater openness in the listener’s soul. The merit of being the mistress of the courtyards the owner of the gates is not attributed to each girl, but only to the selected one, who was appointed by the entire rural society after some tests of initiation. This procedure presumed preparing of unmarried girls for engagement and cooking the biggest knot-shaped bread. Here are written the suggestive images approved by the anonymous poet: rings, apples, the silk cradle, the tears of the girl, the sheet.

We herein report a case of left renal Wilms' tumor and right renal hamartoma combined with hypospadias and incomplete orchiocatabasis in a 10-month-old boy. In the literature to date, no case has been reported. The preoperative abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan was suggestive of bilateral nephroblastomas, and clinical diagnosis was bilateral renal tumors with external genitals malformation, a syndrome? Finally, this case was used by B-ultrasonic guided percutaneous biopsy to help determine the nature of bilateral renal tumors. Afterwards, the boy underwent preoperative chemotherapy, surgery ( a left radical nephrectomy and right wedge excision of the renal tumor) and postoperative chemotherapy. After 3 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence, the renal function was normal, and the boy's height, weight and intelligence were also within normal range. Owing to no similar cases as a reference, we discussed the preoperative imaging diagnosis, final etiological diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disease. Long-term follow-up with a sufficient number of cases may be needed to optimize methods of diagnosis and define optimal treatment options for patients with this extremely rare disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]