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Este guia pretende facilitar o reconhecimento fotográfico de algumas espécies de cigarrasque ocorrem no Brasil, e promover os registros realizados por cidadãos e cientistas atravésdo app iNaturalist ou em www.inaturalist.org. Nessa 1a edição apresentamos apenas asespécies mais observadas ou mais reconhecíveis que podem ser inequivocamenteidentificadas por fotos. Para cada espécie apresentamos a distribuição conhecida, período de atividade dos adultos,características morfológicas marcantes que ajudam a distinguir a espécie por fotos, o nomecientífico aceite, o nome comum (quando existe) e ainda os nomes científicos sinônimosmais relevantes ou combinações anteriores recentes (isto é, espécies cuja taxonomia foirevista e mudaram de nome nas últimas décadas). A maioria das fotos utilizadas nesse guia vem da plataforma iNaturalist, sendoreproduzidas com consentimento dos respectivos autores.

Forests provide fundamental services to the humanity, contribute to climate regulation, water provision and represent one of the most important biodiversity reservoir on the Earth. Climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emission is altering forest ecosystem functioning and services through significant changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme events (i.e. drought, floods, fires, heatwaves). This work focuses on the role of tree species richness and functional diversity in supporting ecosystem services (i.e. carbon sequestration) and in mitigating the possible negative effects of extreme events, by increasing stand resistance and/or resilience. Moreover, we also quantified the long-term effects of atmospheric CO2 increase on growth and water use efficiency in old-growth forests in the Balkans.

Understanding the rich social lives of animals benefits international conservation efforts. Postprint

The majority of the world’s biological diversity is located in the tropics, where forest is an essential biome. A healthy web of biodiversity is the foundation for ecosystem services humans depend on but it is currently under severe pressure due to anthropogenic disturbances. The result is a fragmented landscape of primary forest, secondary forest, plantations and agroforest. Conservation efforts have traditionally focused on preserving primary forest, but research on the response of different faunal groups to various anthropogenic disturbances has revealed incongruous results. Although still strongly disputed by some, many advocate the possible value of human-modified landscapes such as agroforest and secondary forest as alternative habitats, migration routes and buffer zones for biodiversity. In this study, I sampled fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) for 10 weeks in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania. Butterflies are frequently used as indicator species for biodiversity response to anthropogenic and environmental changes. Sampling occurred in six habitats with various degrees of anthropogenic disturbance; primary forest, moderately and heavily disturbed secondary forest, riverine forest, meadow and agroforest. 116 individuals of 19 species were collected. The effect of environmental variables and species traits on abundance, species richness and distribution was assessed. No morphological or ecological traits gave any clear trends as to the number of habitats a species was present. Canopy openness was the environmental variable most strongly correlated with abundance, with a positive relationship. Rain also significantly influenced butterfly abundance, with a negative relationship. Agroforest contained the majority of both abundance and species richness and also contained all sampled species which previously are known mainly to inhabit forests. There were no significant differences in either abundance or species richness between the closed-forest habitats in which also the species composition was similar. All though small-scale with a relatively low sample size, the findings of the present study support the view that agroforest may help maintain a high degree of biodiversity. Heavy forest loss and poverty is closely related. Only a small fraction of the terrestrial tropical biome is within protected areas. Also, these protected areas attract human settlements due to increased employment opportunities, further increasing the pressure on the local biodiversity. With continued rates of population growth and resource exploitation, the long term viability of conservation strategies in these areas is dependent on the cooperation of local people. This emphasizes the need for further research to obtain adaptive management schemes which will maximize the conservation value of anthropogenic landscapes. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management CCIAM M-ECOL

More diverse communities are thought to be more stable-the diversity-stability hypothesis-due to increased resistance to and recovery from disturbances. For example, high diversity can make the presence of resilient or fast growing species and key facilitations among species more likely. How natural, geographic biodiversity patterns and changes in biodiversity due to human activities mediate community-level disturbance dynamics is largely unknown, especially in diverse systems. For example, few studies have explored the role of diversity in tropical marine communities, especially at large scales. We tested the diversity-stability hypothesis by asking whether coral richness is related to resistance to and recovery from disturbances including storms, predator outbreaks, and coral bleaching on tropical coral reefs. We synthesized the results of 41 field studies conducted on 82 reefs, documenting changes in coral cover due to disturbance, across a global gradient of coral richness. Our results indicate that coral reefs in more species-rich regions were marginally less resistant to disturbance and did not recover more quickly. Coral community resistance was also highly dependent on pre-disturbance coral cover, probably due in part to the sensitivity of fast-growing and often dominant plating acroporid corals to disturbance. Our results suggest that coral communities in biodiverse regions, such as the western Pacific, may not be more resistant and resilient to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Further analyses controlling for disturbance intensity and other drivers of coral loss and recovery could improve our understanding of the influence of diversity on community stability in coral reef ecosystems.

La Conférence des Nations Unies sur l’environnement et le développement qui s’est tenue à Rio de Janeiro en juin 1992 a été, sans aucun doute, un événement marquant de la coopération multilatérale contemporaine. Le plus grand rassemblement multilatéral jamais organisé auparavant, cet événement aura marqué d’une empreinte indélébile l’architecture institutionnelle du traitement de la question envionnementale et façonne les institutions issues de la Conférence de Stockholm sur l’environnement humain. La Conférence de Rio aura été, au bout du compte, le point de départ d’une ère institutionelle nouvelle et d’une nouvelle façon d’aborder la coopération multilatérale pour la protection de l’environnement. La dimension institutionnelle de la question du développement durable renvoie nécessairement aux progrès qui restent à accomplir en vue d’une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont le développement durable est perçu au niveau national. Cette question traduit aussi la difficulté qu’il y a à adapter le mandat originel des institutions existantes aux exigences multiformes de l’intégration de la question de l’environnement dans les processus de développement économique et social. Elle exige surtout une action concertée tendue en vue d’une plus grande cohérence de l’action internationale qui serait au service d’une nouvelle démarche muliforme à l’égard de l’environnement, au service d’un développement respectueux des équilibres écologiques de notre planète., The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 was, without a doubt, a landmark event of contemporary multilateral cooperation. As the largest multilateral gathering ever at the time, the event left a permanent impression on the institutional architecture dealing with environmental issues and shaped the institutions resulting from the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. The Rio Conference was thus the starting point of a new institutional era and a new approach to multilateral cooperation for environmental protection. The institutional dimension of the sustainable development question has to address the progress that needs to be accomplished in order to have a better understanding of the sustainable development approach at the national level. It also translates the difficulty in adapting the original mandate of existing institutions to the multifaceted requirements of integration of environmental issues in the economic and social development processes. The institutional dimension requires above all a concerted action towards greater coherence in international action in service of a new multifaceted approach to environmental issues and of a development respectful of the ecological balance of our planet.