Search

A constituent quark model is developed for the reaction, allowing us to investigate all available data for differential cross sections as well as single polarization asymmetries (beam and target) by including {\it all} of the PDG, one to four star, nucleon resonances ($S_{11}$, $P_{11}$, $P_{13}$, $D_{13}$, $D_{15}$, $F_{15}$, $F_{17}$, $G_{17}$, $G_{19}$, $H_{19}$, $I_{1,11}$, and $K_{1,13}$). Issues related to the missing resonances are also briefly discussed by examining possible contributions from several new resonances ($S_{11}$, $P_{11}$, $P_{13}$, $D_{13}$, $ D_{15}$, and $H_{1,11}$).

Results for the reaction γ p → K + Λ , studied within a constituent quark model and a dynamical coupled-channel approach, are presented and compared with recent data. Issues related to the search for missing baryon resonances are briefly discussed and the role played by a third S 11 resonance is underlined.

Previous approaches to the photo- and electro-production of strangeness off the proton, based upon effective hadronic Lagrangians, are extended here to incorporate the so called off-shell effects inherent to the fermions with spin >= 3/2. A formalism for intermediate-state, spin 3/2, nucleonic and hyperonic resonances is presented and applied to the processes $\gamma + p ---> K^{+} + \Lambda$, for $E_{\gamma}^{lab}$ e' + K^+ + \Lambda$, as well as the branching ratio for the crossed channel reaction $K^- + p ---> \gamma + \Lambda$, with stopped kaons. The sensitivity, from moderate to significant, of various observables to such effects are discussed., Comment: 38 pages in LaTeX2e-RevTeX + 8 postscript figures

Our earlier Faddeev three-body study in the $K^-$-deuteron scattering length, $A_{K^-d}$, is revisited here in the light of the recent developments in two fronts: {\it (i)} the improved chiral unitary approach to the theoretical description of the coupled $\Kbar N$ related channels at low energies, and {\it (ii)} the new and improved measurement from SIDDHARTA Collaboration of the strong interaction energy shift and width in the lowest $K^-$-hydrogen atomic level. Those two, in combination, have allowed us to produced a reliable two-body input to the three-body calculation. All available low-energy $K^-p$ observables are well reproduced and predictions for the $\Kbar N$ scattering lengths and amplitudes, $(\pi \Sigma)^\circ$ invariant-mass spectra, as well as for $A_{K^-d}$ are put forward and compared with results from other sources. The findings of the present work are expected to be useful in interpreting the forthcoming data from CLAS, HADES, LEPS and SIDDHARTA Collaborations., Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, text shortened, references updated, figures improved, typos fixed, version accepted for Phys. Rev. C

An extended chiral constituent quark approach, which embodies higher Fock five-quark components in the baryons wave-functions, is employed to study the sea quark content of the octet baryons. We report on the probabilities of $\bar{u}$, $\bar{d}$ and $\bar{s}$ in the nucleon, $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$ and $\Xi$ baryons, arising from the intrinsic five-quark states in the baryons wave functions. Based on those probabilities, results for meson-nucleon $\sigma$-terms; namely $\sigma_{\pi N}, \sigma_{K N}$ and $\sigma_{\eta N}$, are presented.

The effects of the initial state interactions on the {ital K}{sup {minus}}-{ital p} radiative capture branching ratios are examined and found to be quite sizable. A general coupled-channel formalism for both strong and electromagnetic channels using a particle basis is presented, and applied to all the low energy {ital K}{sup {minus}}-{ital p} data with the exception of the 1{ital s} atomic level shift. Satisfactory fits are obtained using vertex coupling constants for the electromagnetic channels that are close to their expected SU(3) values.

Partial decay widths of the nucleon resonances S11(1535), S11(1650), D13(1520) and D13(1700) to the pseudoscalar mesons and octet baryons are studied within a chiral constituent quark model. The effects of the configurations mixing between the states |N 2 8 PMiand |N 4 8 PMiare considered, taking into account the breakdown of the SU(6) ⊗ O(3) symmetry. In addition, possible contributions of the strangeness components in the S11 resonances are investigated. Experimental data for the partial decay widths of the S11 and D13 resonances are well reproduced. Predictions for coupling constants of the four nucleon resonances to pseudoscalar mesons and octet baryons, crucial issues in the photo- and hadron-induced meson production reactions, are reported.

Coupling constants of $S_{11}(1535)$ and $S_{11}(1650)$ resonances to meson-baryon ($\pi N$, $\eta N$, $\eta^\prime N$, $KY$) are investigated in a chiral quark model, complemented by inclusion of five-quark components in those resonances. The known strong decay partial widths of both resonances are well reproduced, provided sizeable strangeness components in the relevant wave functions. %to excellent description for the strong decays of the above two resonances, which %cannot be reproduced very well in the traditional chiral quark model with or without %$SU(6)\otimes O(3)$ breaking. Finally, we find that $S_{11}(1535)$ and $S_{11}(1650)$ %couple strongly to the channels with strangeness., Comment: typo corrected

A chiral constituent quark model approach, embodying s- and u-channel exchanges,complemented with a Reggeized treatment for t-channel is presented. A model is obtained allowing data for $\pi^- p \to \eta n$ and $\gamma p \to \eta p$ to be describe satisfactorily. For the latter reaction, recently released data by CLAS and CBELSA/TAPS Collaborations in the system total energy range $1.6 \lesssim W \lesssim 2.8$ GeV are well reproduced due to the inclusion of Reggeized trajectories instead of simple $\rho$ and $\omega$ poles. Contribution from "missing" resonances is found to be negligible in the considered processes., Comment: 23 pages.4 figures,4 tables, to appear in Phys.Rev.C

Within an extended chiral constituent quark model, the three- and five-quark structure of the S-01 resonance Lambda(1405) is investigated. Helicity amplitudes for electromagnetic decays [Lambda(1405)->Lambda(1116)gamma, Sigma(1194)gamma] and transition amplitudes for strong decays [Lambda(1405)->Sigma(1194)pi, K- p] are derived, as well as the relevant decay widths. The experimental value for the strong decay width, Gamma(Lambda(1405)->(Sigma pi)degrees) = 50 +/- 2MeV, is well reproduced with about 50% of a five-quark admixture in the Lambda(1405). Important effects owing to the configuration mixing among Lambda P-2(1)A, Lambda P-2(8)M, and Lambda P-4(8)M are found. In addition, transitions between the three- and the five-quark components in the baryons turn out to be significant in both radiative and strong decays of the Lambda(1405) resonance.

Within a chiral constituent quark model approach, {eta}-meson production on the proton via electromagnetic and hadron probes is studied. With few parameters, the differential cross section and polarized beam asymmetry for {gamma}p{yields}{eta}p and differential cross section for {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}n processes are calculated and successfully compared with the data in the center-of-mass energy range from threshold up to 2 GeV. The five known resonances S{sub 11}(1535), S{sub 11}(1650), P{sub 13}(1720), D{sub 13}(1520), and F{sub 15}(1680) are found to be dominant in the reaction mechanisms in both channels. Possible roles played by new resonances are also investigated; and in the photoproduction channel, significant contribution from S{sub 11} and D{sub 15} resonances, with masses around 1715 and 2090 MeV, respectively, are deduced. For the so-called missing resonances, no evidence is found within the investigated reactions. The helicity amplitudes and decay widths of N*{yields}{pi}N, {eta}N are also presented and found to be consistent with the Particle Data Group values.

A dynamical coupled-channels formalism is used to investigate the $\eta-$meson production mechanism on the proton induced by pions, in the total center-of-mass energy region from threshold up to 2 GeV. We show how and why studying exclusively total cross section data might turn out to be misleading in pinning down the reaction mechanism., Comment: Contributed paper to 10th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, 6 - 10 June 2008, Krakow, Poland; to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

The reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}n$ is investigated within a dynamical coupled-channels model of meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region. The meson baryon channels included are $\ensuremath{\pi}N,\ensuremath{\eta}N,\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Delta},\ensuremath{\sigma}N$, and $\ensuremath{\rho}N$. The nonresonant meson-baryon interactions of the model are derived from a set of Lagrangians by using a unitary transformation method. One or two excited nucleon states in each of $S,P,D$, and $F$ partial waves are included to generate the resonant amplitudes. Data of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}n$ reaction from threshold up to a total center-of-mass energy of about 2 GeV are satisfactorily reproduced and the roles played by the following nine nucleon resonances are investigated: ${S}_{11}(1535),{S}_{11}(1650),{P}_{11}(1440),{P}_{11}(1710),{P}_{13}(1720),{D}_{13}(1520),{D}_{13}(1700),{D}_{15}(1675)$, and ${F}_{15}(1680)$. The reaction mechanism and the predicted $\ensuremath{\eta}N$ scattering length are discussed.

A chiral quark-model approach is extended to the study of the $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ scattering at low energies. The process of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}n$ near threshold is investigated. The model is successful in describing the differential cross sections and total cross section near the \ensuremath{\eta} production threshold. The roles of the resonances in $n\ensuremath{\leqslant}2$ shells are clarified. Near threshold, the ${S}_{11}(1535)$ dominates the reactions, whereas the interferences from the ${S}_{11}(1650)$ turn out to be destructive around $W\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.6$ GeV. The ${D}_{13}(1520)$ is crucial to give correct shapes of the differential cross sections. The nucleon pole term contributions are significant. The ${P}_{11}(1710)$ plays an important role around the center-of-mass energy $W=1.7$ GeV, it is crucial to produce an enhancement in the region of $Wg1.6$ GeV as suggested by the data for total cross section. The $t$-channel is negligible in the reactions.

A dynamical coupled-channels formalism for processes $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{KY}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{KY}$ is presented that provides a comprehensive investigation of recent data on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ reaction. The nonresonant interactions within the subspace $\mathit{KY}\ensuremath{\bigoplus}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ are derived from effective Lagrangians, using a unitary transformation method. The calculations of photoproduction amplitudes are simplified by casting the coupled-channels equations into a form such that the empirical $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ amplitudes are input and only the parameters associated with the $\mathit{KY}$ channel are determined by performing ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ fits to all of the available data for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\ensuremath{\Lambda},{K}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$. Good agreement between our models and those data are obtained. In the fits to $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{KY}$ channels, most of the parameters are constrained within $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20%$ of the values given by the Particle Data Group and/or quark model predictions, whereas for $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ parameters, ranges compatible with broken SU(6) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} O(3) symmetry are imposed. The main reaction mechanisms in ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ photoproduction are singled out and issues related to newly suggested resonances ${S}_{11},{P}_{13}$, and ${D}_{13}$ are studied. Results illustrating the importance of using a coupled-channels treatment are reported. Meson cloud effects on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{N}^{*}$ transitions are also discussed.

Differential cross-section and single polarization observables in the process gamma p --> K^+ Lambda are investigated within a constituent quark model and a dynamical coupled-channel formalism. The effects of two new nucleon resonances and of the K*(892)- and K1(1270)-exchanges are briefly presented., Contributed paper to the IVth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics, Madrid June 5-10, 2006

The pi N --> KY and KY --> KY reactions are studied using a dynamical coupled-channel model of meson-baryon interactions at energies where the baryon resonances are strongly excited. The channels included are: pi N, K \Lambda, and K\Sigma. The resonances considered are: N^* [S_{11}(1650), P_{11}(1710), P_{13}(1720),D_{13}(1700)]; \Delta^* [S_{31}(1900), P_{31}(1910), P_{33}(1920)]; \Lambda ^* [S_{01}(1670), P_{01}(1810)] \Sigma^* [P_{11}(1660), D_{13}(1670)]; and K^*(892). The basic non-resonant \pi N --> KY and KY --> KY transition potentials are derived from effective Lagrangians using a unitary transformation method. The dynamical coupled-channel equations are simplified by parametrizing the pi N -->pi N amplitudes in terms of empirical pi N partial-wave amplitudes and a phenomenological off-shell function. Two models have been constructed. Model A is built by fixing all coupling constants and resonance parameters using SU(3) symmetry, the Particle Data Group values, and results from a constituent quark model. Model B is obtained by allowing most of the parameters to vary around the values of model A in fitting the data. Good fits to the available data for pi^- p to K^0 \Lambda, K^0 \Sigma^0 have been achieved. The investigated kinematics region in the center-of-mass frame goes from threshold to 2.5 GeV. The constructed models can be imbedded into associated dynamical coupled-channel studies of kaon photo- and electro-production reactions., Comment: 35 pages, 11 Figures

$\Kbar N$ interactions are investigated {\it via} an effective non-linear chiral meson-baryon Lagrangian. The adjustable parameters are determined by a fitting procedure on the $K^-p$ threshold branching ratios and total cross-section data for $p^{lab}_K\le$ 250 MeV/c. We produce predictions for the $\Sigma \pi$ mass spectrum, and scattering lenghts $a_{K^-p}$, $a_n(K^-n \to K^-n)$, $a_n0(\Kbar0 n \to \Kbar0 n)$, and $a_{ex}(K^-p \to \Kbar0 n)$. The $\Kbar N$ amplitudes thus obtained, as well as those for other two-body channels ($\pi N$, $NN$, and $YN$) are used as input to predict the scattering length $A_{K^-d}$, for which we have devised a relativistic version of the three-body Faddeev equations. Results for all two- and three-body coupled channels are reported both in isospin and particle bases. All available $\Kbar N$ data are well reproduced and our best results for the $K^-p$ and $K^-d$ scattering lenghts are $a_{K^-p} = (-0.90 + i 0.87) fm$ and $A_{K^-d} = (-1.80 + i 1.55) fm$.

A brief review of the associated strangeness electromagnetic production is presented. Very recent K+ Lambda photoproduction data on the proton from threshold up to E=2.6 GeV are interpreted within a chiral constituent quark formalism, which embodies all known nucleonic and hyperonic resonances. The preliminary results of this work are reported here., 12 pages, 4 figures; Invited talk given at the International Symposium on Electrophoto-production of Strangeness on Nucleons and Nuclei, Sendai, Japan, June 16-18, 2003; World Scientific (to appear)

We report on the first calculation of the scattering length ${A}_{{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}d}$ based on a relativistic three-body approach where the $\overline{K}N$ coupled channel two-body input amplitudes have been obtained with the chiral $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ constraint, but with isospin symmetry breaking effects taken into account. Results are compared with a recent calculation applying a similar set of two-body amplitudes, based on the fixed center approximation, and for which we find significant deviations from the three-body results. Effects of the deuteron D-wave component, pion-nucleon, and hyperon-nucleon interactions are also evaluated.

Electromagnetic meson production formalisms are reviewed, with emphasise placed on their ability in search for new baryon resonances via gamma p -> K+ Lambda and gamma p -> eta p processes. The relevant studies, aiming to deepen our insights to hadron spectroscopy, constitute strong tests of the QCD inspired theoretical developements., 10 pages, Invited talk given at "International Symposium on Hadrons and Nuclei", Seoul, February 20 - 22, 2001

Within a chiral constituent quark formalism, allowing the inclusion of all known resonances, a comprehensive study of the recent eta photoproduction data on the proton up to 2 GeV is performed. This study shows evidence for a new S11 resonances and indicates the presence of an additional missing P13 resonance., 10 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk given at the International Symposium on Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclear and Hadron Physics (EMI2001), Osaka, Japan, 4-7 Dec. 2001

Using a chiral constituent quark approach based on the broken SU(6) \otimes O(3) symmetry, we focus on the spectroscopy of isospin-1/2 nucleonic resonances. A model for the eta photoproduction, embodying all known nucleonic resonances, shows clear need for a yet undiscovered S11 resonance, for which we determine the mass (1.730 GeV) and the total width (180 MeV)., Comment: 6 pages, Invited talk given at "International Workshop on Physics with GeV Electrons and Gamma-Rays", Sendai, February 13 -15, 2001

A recently developed quark model approach to pseudoscalar meson photoproduction is extended to electroproduction process for the $\eta$ meson in the kinematics of momentum transfer $Q^2 \leq$ 4 (GeV/c)$^2$ and total center of mass energy $W \leq$ 1.6 GeV. Existing data are well reproduced and the roles of the $S_{11}(1535)$ and $D_{13}(1520)$ resonances are closely investigated. In the study of the longitudinal excitation of the $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance, a reliable constraint on the $S_{11}(1535)$ properties is obtained by cleanly removing the electromagnetic transition from the $\gamma_{(v)} p \to S_{11}(1535) \to \eta p$ amplitude. Thus, the fitted quantities can be determined with an uncertainty of about 15%. This could be the first direct constraint on the $S_{11}(1535)$ properties in theory., Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures; Substantially modified version, to appear on Jour. of Phys. G

The process $\gamma p \to \phi p$ close to threshold is investigated focusing on the role played by the {\it s}- and {\it u}-channel nucleonic resonances. For this purpose, a recent quark model approach, based on the $SU(6)\otimes O(3)$ symmetry with an effective Lagrangian, is extended to the $\phi$ meson photoproduction. Another non-diffractive process, the {\it t}-channel $\pi^0$ exchange, is also included. The diffractive contribution is produced by the {\it t}-channel Pomeron exchange. Contributions from non-diffractive {\it s}- and {\it u}-channel process are found small in the case of cross sections and polarization observables at forward angles. However, backward angle polarization asymmetries show high sensitivity to this non-diffractive process. Different prescriptions to keep gauge invariance for the Pomeron exchange amplitudes are investigated. Possible deviations from the exact $SU(6)\otimes O(3)$ symmetry, due to the configuration mixing, are also discussed., Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys. A

Previous approaches to the photo- and electro-production of strangeness on the proton, based upon effective Lagrangian, is extended to incorporate the so called off-shell effects (OSE) required while dealing with spin ⩾3/2 baryonic resonances. Results for K+ Λ channels are presented.

A formalism, based on an isobaric approach, via Feynman diagrammatic technique, including the nucleonic (spin ≤ 5/2), hyperonic (spin 1/2) and kaonic resonances is developed. Using this formalism, a thorough investigation of all the electromagnetic strangeness processes, for which experimental results are available, is performed and satisfactory agreement with the data is obtained. The reaction mechanism is found to include a reasonable number of baryonic resonances, with the extracted main kaon-hyperon-nucleon coupling constants in agreement with the SU(3)-symmetry predictions. The sensitivity of this model to the form factors of the relevant hadrons is emphasized.

Spin observables for the reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow K^+ \Lambda$ are examined using three recent dynamical models and are compared to the general features of such observables deduced earlier by Fasano, Tabakin and Saghai. These general features, such as the energy dependence of spin observables and the location of nodes in their angle dependence, are realized. Several instructive surprises, which occur in this comparison to the conjectures of Fasano et al., are then discussed. The sensitivity of spin observables to isobar and {\it t-}channel dynamics is analyzed and suggestions for selecting experiments which provide important dynamical information are presented., Comment: 22 pages, latex, 10 figures

We have measured inclusive electron scattering cross sections on 3 He at incident energies up to 667 MeV. The transverse and longitudinal response functions were extracted at four-momentum transfers between −0.1 (GeV/ c ) 2 and −0.3 (GeV/ c ) 2 and up to an energy transfer of 450 MeV. The data are compared to recent theoretical calculations which include many-body effects.

We have studied the π 0 Dalitz decay π 0 → γ e + e − using the pion beam and a magnetic pair spectrometer at the Saclay Linear Accelerator. A shape analysis of the (e + e − ) invariant mass squared x , carried out on 32 000 events, gives a direct measurement of the π 0 electromagnetic transition form factor squared | F ( x )| 2 , and of its slope parameter a in the expression F ( x ) = 1 + ax . We find a = −0.11±0.03(stat.)±0.08(syst.) m −2 π 0 .

We have studied the reaction: π − p→ne + e − at rest, i.e. inverse pion electroproduction at threshold, using the pion and a magnetic pair spectrometer at the Saclay Linear Accelerator. With 30 000 analyzed events, we proceed for the first time to the separation between the transverse and the longitudinal parts of the process, leading to model-independent measurements of the longitudinal multipole L π − 0+ for five values of the photon mass k 2 and the k 2 dependence of the transverse multipole E π − 0+ in the small transfer region.

The absorption of π − at rest on 12 C leading to 11 Be is measured using the activation technique. The probability for single proton emission per stopped pion is (4.5 ± 0.8) × 10 −4 . Production of 8 Li is also observed with a probability of (8 ± 4) × 10 −3 per stopped pion.

We present a quark-parton model to describe polarized and unpolarized nucleon structure functions. The twist-two matrix elements for the QCD evolution analysis of lepton-hadron scattering are calculated within a light-front covariant quark model. The relativistic effects in the three-body wave function are discussed for both the polarized and unpolarized cases. Predictions are given for the polarized gluon distributions as will be seen in future experiments.