39 results on '"Bianchini, Giovanni"'
Search Results
2. East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very-short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere
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Pan, Laura L., primary, Atlas, Elliot L., additional, Honomichl, Shawn B., additional, Smith, Warren P., additional, Kinnison, Douglas E., additional, Solomon, Susan, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Laube, Johannes C., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Ueyama, Rei, additional, Bresch, James F., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hills, Alan J., additional, Treadaway, Victoria, additional, Smith, Katie, additional, Schauffler, Sue, additional, Donnelly, Stephen, additional, Hendershot, Roger, additional, Lueb, Richard, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D’Amato, Francesco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Barucci, Marco, additional, Podolske, James R., additional, Iraci, Laura T., additional, Gurganus, Colin, additional, Bui, Paul, additional, Dean-Day, Jonathan M., additional, Millán, Luis, additional, Ryoo, Ju-Mee, additional, Barletta, Barbara, additional, Koo, Ja-Ho, additional, Kim, Joowan, additional, Liang, Qing, additional, Randel, William J., additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, and Newman, Paul A., additional
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- 2024
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3. First Retrievals of Surface and Atmospheric Properties Using EnMAP Measurements over Antarctica
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Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., primary, Brell, Maximillian, additional, Segl, Karl, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Lanconelli, Christian, additional, Lupi, Angelo, additional, Petkov, Boyan, additional, Picard, Ghislain, additional, Arnaud, Laurent, additional, Stone, Robert S., additional, and Chabrillat, Sabine, additional
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- 2023
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4. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) for spectral characterization of the atmospheric emission
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Belotti, Claudio, primary, Barbara, Flavio, additional, Barucci, Marco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Pratesi, Filippo, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Trickl, Thomas, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional
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- 2023
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5. First Retrievals of Surface and Atmospheric Properties Using EnMAP Measurements over Antarctica
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Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., Brell, Maximillian, Segl, Karl, Bianchini, Giovanni, Lanconelli, Christian, Lupi, Angelo, Petkov, Boyan, Picard, Ghislain, Arnaud, Laurent, Stone, Robert S., Chabrillat, Sabine, Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., Brell, Maximillian, Segl, Karl, Bianchini, Giovanni, Lanconelli, Christian, Lupi, Angelo, Petkov, Boyan, Picard, Ghislain, Arnaud, Laurent, Stone, Robert S., and Chabrillat, Sabine
- Abstract
The paper presents the first retrievals of clean snow properties using spaceborne hyperspectral observations via the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP). The location close to the Concordia station at the Dome C Plateau (Antarctica) was selected. At this location, the atmospheric effects (except molecular light scattering and absorption) are weak, and the simplified atmospheric correction scheme could be applied. The ice grain size, snow specific surface area, and snow spectral and broadband albedos were retrieved using single-view EnMAP measurements. In addition, we propose a technique to retrieve trace gas concentrations (e.g., water vapor and ozone) from EnMAP observations over the snow surfaces. A close correspondence of satellite and ground-measured parameters was found.
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- 2023
6. Consistency test of precipitating ice cloud retrieval properties obtained from the observations of different instruments operating at Dome C (Antarctica)
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Di Natale, Gianluca, primary, Turner, David D., additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Del Guasta, Massimo, additional, Palchetti, Luca, additional, Bracci, Alessandro, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Maestri, Tiziano, additional, Cossich, William, additional, Martinazzo, Michele, additional, and Facheris, Luca, additional
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- 2022
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7. FAR-INFRARED RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF WATER VAPOR AND CLOUDS IN ANTARCTICA
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Palchetti, Luca, Bianchini, Giovanni, Di Natale, Gianluca, and Del Guasta, Massimo
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- 2015
8. The FORUM end-to-end simulator project: architecture and results
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Sgheri, Luca, primary, Belotti, Claudio, additional, Ben-Yami, Maya, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Carnicero Dominguez, Bernardo, additional, Cortesi, Ugo, additional, Cossich, William, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Guardabrazo, Tomás, additional, Lajas, Dulce, additional, Maestri, Tiziano, additional, Magurno, Davide, additional, Oetjen, Hilke, additional, Raspollini, Piera, additional, and Sgattoni, Cristina, additional
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- 2022
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9. Comparison of mid-latitude single- and mixed-phase cloud optical depth from co-located infrared spectrometer and backscatter lidar measurements
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Di Natale, Gianluca, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Belotti, Claudio, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional
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- 2021
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10. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System for spectral characterisation of the atmospheric emission.
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Belotti, Claudio, Barbara, Flavio, Barucci, Marco, Bianchini, Giovanni, D’Amato, Francesco, Del Bianco, Samuele, Di Natale, Gianluca, Gai, Marco, Montori, Alessio, Pratesi, Filippo, Rettinger, Markus, Rolf, Christian, Sussmann, Ralf, Trickl, Thomas, Viciani, Silvia, Vogelmann, Hannes, and Palchetti, Luca
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WATER vapor ,RADIATION measurements ,RAMAN effect ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,RADIATION ,WATER temperature - Abstract
The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer developed to support the Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) satellite mission by validating measurement methods and instrument design concepts, both in the laboratory and in field campaigns. FIRMOS is capable of measuring the downwelling spectral radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the spectral band from 100 to 1000 cm
−1 (10–100 µm in wavelength), with a maximum spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1 . We describe the instrument design and its characterisation and discuss the geophysical products obtained by inverting the atmospheric spectral radiance measured during a campaign from the high-altitude location of Mount Zugspitze in Germany, beside the Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI), which is permanently installed at the site. Following the selection of clear-sky scenes, using a specific algorithm, the water vapour and temperature profiles were retrieved from the FIRMOS spectra by applying the Kyoto protocol and Informed Management of the Adaptation (KLIMA) code. The profiles were found in very good agreement with those provided by radiosondes and by the Raman lidar operating from the Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus station. In addition, the retrieval products were validated by comparing the retrieved Integrated Water Vapour values with those obtained from the E-AERI spectra. Finally, we found that the trends for the temperature, and the water vapour profiles over time were in good agreement with those provided by ERA5 reanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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11. Ice and mixed-phase cloud statistics on the Antarctic Plateau
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Cossich, William, primary, Maestri, Tiziano, additional, Magurno, Davide, additional, Martinazzo, Michele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Palchetti, Luca, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, and Del Guasta, Massimo, additional
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- 2021
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12. Observations of the downwelling far-infrared atmospheric emission at the Zugspitze observatory
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Palchetti, Luca, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Belotti, Claudio, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Cluzet, Bertrand, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Khordakova, Dina, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Oetjen, Hilke, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Schuettemeyer, Dirk, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Wienhold, Frank Gunther, additional
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- 2021
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13. Breadboard of a Fourier-transform spectrometer for the Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared atmospheric mission
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Palchetti, Luca, Bianchini, Giovanni, Castagnoli, Francesco, Carli, Bruno, Serio, Carmine, Esposito, Francesco, Cuomo, Vincenzo, Rizzi, Rolando, and Maestri, Tiziano
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Optics -- Research ,Fourier transformations -- Research ,Astronomy ,Physics - Abstract
In preparation for a possible space mission, a breadboard version named REFIR-BB of the Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared (REFIR) instrument has been built. The REFIR is a Fourier-transform spectrometer with a new optical layout operating in the spectral range 100-1100 [cm.sup.-1] with a resolution of 0.5 [cm.sup.-1], a 7-s acquisition time, and a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 100. Its mission is the spectral measurement in the far infrared of the Earth's outgoing emission, with particular attention to the long-wavelength spectral region, which is not covered by either current or planned space missions. This measurement is of great importance for deriving an accurate estimate of the radiation budget in both clear and cloudy conditions. The REFIR-BB permits the trade-off among all instrument parameters to be studied, the optical layout to be tested, and the data-acquisition strategy to be optimized. The breadboard could be used for high-altitude ground-based campaigns or could be flown for test flights on aircraft or balloon stratospheric platforms. The breadboard's design and the experimental results are described, with particular attention to the acquisition strategy and characterization of the interferometer. Tests were performed both in laboratory conditions and in vacuum. Notwithstanding a loss of efficiency above 700 [cm.sup.1] caused by the poor performance of the photolithographic polarizers used as beam splitters, the results demonstrate the feasibility of using the spectrometer for space applications. OCIS codes: 300.6300, 300.6270, 120.3180, 010.0010.
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- 2005
14. Characterization of the Far Infrared Properties and Radiative Forcing of Antarctic Ice and Water Clouds Exploiting the Spectrometer-LiDAR Synergy
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Di Natale, Gianluca, primary, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Del Guasta, Massimo, additional, Ridolfi, Marco, additional, Maestri, Tiziano, additional, Cossich, William, additional, Magurno, Davide, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional
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- 2020
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15. SAFIRE-A (spectroscopy of the atmosphere by far-infrared emission--airborne): optimized instrument configuration and new assessment of improved performance
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Bianchini, Giovanni, Cortesi, Ugo, Palchetti, Luca, and Pascale, Enzo
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Optics -- Research ,Astronomy ,Physics - Abstract
An upgraded configuration of the SAFIRE--A Fourier transform far-infrared spectrometer was recently set up, and significant improvements in instrument performance were attained during several testing and scientific flights onboard the high-altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica. New features were implemented in specific instrument subsystems, such as the pointing system, the reference laser interferometer, and the onboard calibration unit, to increase the overall instrument functionality and to obtain reliable operation from both the high-frequency (-120 [cm.sup.-1]) and the low-frequency (-23 [cm.sup.-1])detection channels. Other changes, such as those made in the onboard recording system or in the postflight data-transfer procedure, were aimed at expanding the capability of unattended operation and at providing a user-friendly interface for data downloading and ground servicing. A detailed description of these modifications is given, along with a quantitative assessment of the SAFIRE--A instrument performance. [c] 2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 300.6300, 300.2140, 280.0280, 010.1280.
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- 2004
16. The FORUM End-to-End Simulator project: architecture and results.
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Sgheri, Luca, Belotti, Claudio, Ben-Yami, Maya, Bianchini, Giovanni, Dominguez, Bernardo Carnicero, Cortesi, Ugo, Cossich, William, Del Bianco, Samuele, Di Natale, Gianluca, Guardabrazo, Tomás, Lajas, Dulce, Maestri, Tiziano, Magurno, Davide, Oetjen, Hilke, Raspollini, Piera, and Sgattoni, Cristina
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CIRRUS clouds ,CLOUDINESS ,WEATHER ,FORUMS ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) will flight as the 9th ESA's Earth Explorer mission, and an End-to-End Simulator (E2ES) has been developed as a support tool for the mission selection process and the subsequent development phases. The current status of the FORUM E2ES project is presented, together with the characterization of the capabilities of a full physics retrieval code applied to FORUM data. We show how the instrument characteristics and5the observed scene conditions impact on the spectrum measured by the instrument, accounting for the main sources of error related to the entire acquisition process, and the consequences on the retrieval algorithm. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous case studies are simulated in clear and cloudy conditions, validating the E2ES against two independent codes: KLIMA (clear sky) and SACR (cloudy sky). The performed tests show that the performance of the retrieval algorithm is compliant with the project requirements both in clear and cloudy conditions. The far infrared (FIR) part of the FORUM spectrum is shown to be10sensitive to surface emissivity, in dry atmospheric conditions, and to cirrus clouds, resulting in improved performance of the retrieval algorithm in these conditions. The retrieval errors increase with increasing the scene heterogeneity, both in terms of surface characteristics and in terms of fractional cloud cover of the scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Can downwelling far-infrared radiances over Antarctica be estimated from mid-infrared information?
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Bellisario, Christophe, primary, Brindley, Helen E., additional, Tett, Simon F. B., additional, Rizzi, Rolando, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Palchetti, Luca, additional, and Bianchini, Giovanni, additional
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- 2019
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18. A Fourier transform spectroradiometer for ground-based remote sensing of the atmospheric downwelling long-wave radiance
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Bianchini, Giovanni, primary, Castagnoli, Francesco, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional
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- 2019
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19. Ice and Mixed-Phase Cloud Statistics on Antarctic Plateau.
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Cossich, William, Maestri, Tiziano, Magurno, Davide, Martinazzo, Michele, Di Natale, Gianluca, Palchetti, Luca, Bianchini, Giovanni, and Del Guasta, Massimo
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Statistics on the occurrence of clear skies, ice and mixed-phase clouds over the Concordia station, in the Antarctic Plateau, are provided for multiple time scales and analysed in relation to simultaneous meteorological parameters measured at the surface. Results are obtained by applying a machine learning cloud identification and classification code (named CIC) to 4 years of measurements between 2012-2105 of down-welling high spectral resolution radiances, measured by the Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared-Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR-PAD) spectroradiometer. The CIC algorithm is optimized for Antarctic sky conditions (clear sky, ice clouds, and mixed-phase clouds) and results in a total hit rate of almost 0.98, where 1.0 is a perfect score. Scene truth is provided by LiDAR measurements that are concurrent with REFIR-PAD. The CIC approach demonstrates the key role of far infrared spectral measurements for clear/cloud discrimination and for cloud phase classification. Mean annual occurrences are 72.3%, 24.9% and 2.7% for clear sky, ice and mixed-phase clouds respectively, with an inter-annual variability of a few percent. The seasonal occurrence of clear sky shows a minimum in winter (66.8%) and maxima (75-76%) during intermediate seasons. In winter the mean surface temperature is about 9°C colder in clear conditions than when ice clouds are present. Mixed-phase clouds are observed only in the warm season; in summer they amount to more than one third of total observed clouds. Their occurrence is correlated with warmer surface temperatures. In the austral summer, the mean surface air temperature is about 5°C warmer when clouds are present than in clear sky conditions. This difference is larger during the night than in daylight hours, likely due to increased solar warming. A comparison of monthly mean results with cloud occurrence/fraction derived from gridded (Level-3) satellite products, from both passive and active sensors, emphasizes the difficulty of adequately inferring cloud/clear-sky properties in the Antarctic region and highlights the ability of the CIC/REFIR-PAD synergy to identify multiple cloud conditions and study their variability at different time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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20. Simultaneous retrieval of water vapour, temperature and cirrus clouds properties from measurements of far infrared spectral radiance over the Antarctic Plateau
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Di Natale, Gianluca, primary, Palchetti, Luca, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, and Del Guasta, Massimo, additional
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- 2017
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21. Can downwelling far-infrared radiances over Antarctica be estimated from mid-infrared information?
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Bellisario, Christophe, Brindley, Helen E., Tett, Simon F. B., Rizzi, Rolando, Di Natale, Gianluca, Palchetti, Luca, and Bianchini, Giovanni
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Far-infrared (FIR: 100 cm
-1 < wavenumber, ν < 667 cm-1 ) radiation emitted by the Earth and its atmosphere plays a key role in the Earth's energy budget. However, because of a lack of spectrally resolved measurements, radiation schemes in climate models suffer from a lack of constraint across this spectral range. Exploiting a method developed to estimate upwelling far-infrared radiation from mid-infrared (MIR: 667 cm-1 < ν < 1400 cm-1 ) observations, we explore the possibility of inferring zenith FIR downwelling radiances in zenith-looking observation geometry, focusing on clear-sky conditions in Antarctica. The methodology selects a MIR predictor wavenumber for each FIR wavenumber based on the maximum correlation seen between the different spectral ranges. Observations from the REFIR-PAD instrument (Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared - Prototype for Application and Development) and high resolution radiance simulations generated from co-located radio soundings are used to develop and assess the method. We highlight the impact of noise on the correlation between MIR and FIR radiances by comparing the observational and theoretical cases. Using the observed values in isolation, between 150 and 360 cm-1 , differences between the "true" and "extended" radiances are less than 5 %. However, in spectral bands of low signal, between 360 and 667 cm-1 , the impact of instrument noise is strong and increases the differences seen. When the extension of the observed spectra is performed using regression coefficients based on noise-free radiative-transfer simulations the results show strong biases, exceeding 100 % where the signal is low. These biases are reduced to just a few percent if the noise in the observations is accounted for the simulation procedure. Our results imply that while it is feasible to use this type of approach to extend mid infrared spectral measurements to the far-infrared, the quality of the extension will be strongly dependent on the noise characteristics of the observations. A good knowledge of the atmospheric state associated with the measurements is also required in order to build a representative regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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22. Flight qualification of a diode laser for path difference determination of a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer
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Bianchini, Giovanni, Lanfranchi, Michela, and Cortesi, Ugo
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Diodes, Laser -- Evaluation ,Astronomy ,Physics - Abstract
Diode lasers offer a lightweight, rugged, and economic alternative to other types of laser source, but they often do not provide long-term stability and spectral purity of emission. We have developed a stabilized, near-infrared diode laser source that is capable of as much as 20 mW of single-mode output power for the effective replacement of a He-Ne laser in the path difference measuring system of a high-resolution (1.25-m maximum path difference) Fourier transform spectrometer. Laser characterization has been performed both in laboratory measurements and in flight tests, resulting in a relative frequency stability of better than [10.sup.-6] on a 6-h flight. [C] 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 300.6300, 140.2020.
- Published
- 2000
23. Validation of H₂O Continuum Absorption Models in the Wave Number Range 180-600 cm⁻¹ with Atmospheric Emitted Spectral Radiance Measured at the Antarctica Dome-C Site
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Liuzzi, Giuliano, Masiello, Guido, Serio, Carmine, Venafra, Sara, Blasi, Maria Grazia, Palchetti, Luca, and Bianchini, Giovanni
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Remote Sensing and Radiative Transfer - Abstract
We present the results concerning the analysis of a set of atmospheric emitted (down welling) spectral radiance observations in the spectral range 180 to 1100 cm−1 acquired at the Dome-C site in Antarctica during an extensive field campaign in 2011-2012. The work has been mainly focused on retrieving and validating the coefficients of the foreign contribution to the water vapour continuum absorption, within a spectral range overlapping the water vapour rotational band. Retrievals have been performed by using a simultaneous physical retrieval procedure for atmospheric and spectroscopic parameters. Both day (summer) and night (winter) spectra have been used in our analysis. This new set of observations in the far infrared range has allowed us to extend validation and verification of state-of-the-art water vapour continuum absorption models down to 180 cm−1. The results show that discrepancies between measurements and models are less than 10% in the interval 350-590 cm−1, while they are slightly larger at wave numbers below 350 cm−1. Overall, our study shows a good consistency between observations and state-of-the-art models and gives evidence for the need of also adjusting line absorption as done in Delamere et al. (2010). Finally, it has been found that there is a good agreement between the coefficients retrieved using either summer or winter spectra, which are acquired in far different meteorological conditions.
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- 2014
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24. A Fourier transform spectroradiometer for ground-based remote sensing of the atmospheric downwelling long-wave radiance.
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Bianchini, Giovanni, Castagnoli, Francesco, Di Natale, Gianluca, and Palchetti, Luca
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REMOTE sensing , *FOURIER transform spectrometers - Abstract
The Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared - Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR-PAD) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer that has been designed to operate both from stratospheric balloon platform and from ground. It has been successfully deployed in a stratospheric balloon flight and several ground based campaigns from high altitude sites, including the current installation in the Concordia Italian-French Antarctic station. The instrument is capable to operate autonomously with only a limited need of remote control and monitoring, and is providing a multi-year dataset of spectrally resolved atmospheric downwelling radiances, measured in the 100-1500cm-1 spectral range with 0.4cm-1 resolution and a radiometric uncertainty better than 0.85mW/m2srcm-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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25. Validation and data characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide profiles observed by MIPAS and processed with Version 4.61 algorithm
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Payan, Sébastien, Camy-Peyret, Claude C., Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, Maucher, Guido, Keim, Corneli, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Engel, Andreas, Volk, C.-Michael, Kuellmann, Harry, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, Cortesi, Ugo, Bianchini, Giovanni, Mencaraglia, Francesco, Raspollini, Piera, Redaelli, Gianluca, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Mikuteit, Sabine, Blumenstock, Thomas, Velazco, Voltaire, Notholt, Justus, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Duchatelet, Pierre, Smale, Dan, Wood, Stephen, Jones, Nicholas, Piccolo, Chiara, Payne, Vivienne, Bracher, Astrid, Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele, Grunow, Katja, Jeseck, Pascal, Te, Yao, and Butz, Andre
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ddc:550 - Abstract
The ENVISAT validation programme for the atmospheric instruments MIPAS, SCIAMACHY and GOMOS is based on a number of balloon-borne, aircraft, satellite and ground-based correlative measurements. In particular the activities of validation scientists were coordinated by ESA within the ENVISAT Stratospheric Aircraft and Balloon Campaign or ESABC. As part of a series of similar papers on other species [this issue] and in parallel to the contribution of the individual validation teams, the present paper provides a synthesis of comparisons performed between MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles produced by the current ESA operational software (Instrument Processing Facility version 4.61 or IPF v4.61, full resolution MIPAS data covering the period 9 July 2002 to 26 March 2004) and correlative measurements obtained from balloon and aircraft experiments as well as from satellite sensors or from ground-based instruments. In the middle stratosphere, no significant bias is observed between MIPAS and correlative measurements, and MIPAS is providing a very consistent and global picture of the distribution of CH4 and N2O in this region. In average, the MIPAS CH4 values show a small positive bias in the lower stratosphere of about 5%. A similar situation is observed for N2O with a positive bias of 4%. In the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere (UT/LS) the individual used MIPAS data version 4.61 still exhibits some unphysical oscillations in individual CH4 and N2O profiles caused by the processing algorithm (with almost no regularization). Taking these problems into account, the MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles are behaving as expected from the internal error estimation of IPF v4.61 and the estimated errors of the correlative measurements.
- Published
- 2009
26. Validation of H_2O continuum absorption models in the wave number range 180–600 cm^−1 with atmospheric emitted spectral radiance measured at the Antarctica Dome-C site
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Liuzzi, Giuliano, primary, Masiello, Guido, additional, Serio, Carmine, additional, Palchetti, Luca, additional, and Bianchini, Giovanni, additional
- Published
- 2014
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27. Emission Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for the Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere
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Bianchini Giovanni, Cortesi Ugo, and Palchetti Luca
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Earth observation ,Stratospheric chemistry ,Fourier transform spectroscopy ,Emission spectroscopy - Abstract
Fourier transform spectrometers, thanks to their intrinsic advantages of high throughput, high spectral resolution and multiplex acquisition of spectral channels, offer a powerful tool for the characterization of the Earth's atmosphere. The use of photon noise limited detectors in FTS instruments operating in the middle/far infrared spectral region permits high sensitivity emission spectroscopy measurements, without the limitations arising from the use of an external radiation source. The wide operating spectral range of FTS instruments makes possible simultaneous detection of different atmospheric chemical species that show rotational and vibrational spectral bands in the middle/far infrared region. Spatially resolved measurements of the concentration of the interesting species are of fundamental interest in the study of local phenomena in atmospheric chemistry and physics, and can be obtained through the use of various observation and data inversion techniques. Among these, the best results in terms of vertical resolution are achieved through the limb sounding observation technique from airborne platform. As an example of possibilities offered by the above considered technique, results obtained from the SAFIRE/A (Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere using Far InfraRed Emission - Airborne) during the Antarctic campaign APE-GAIA (Airborne Polar Experiment - Geophysica Aircraft In Antarctica, Ushuaia, Argentina, September-October, 1999) are presented.
- Published
- 2002
28. Validation of version-4.61 methane and nitrous oxide observed by MIPAS
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Payan, Sébastien, Camy-Peyret, Claude C., Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, Maucher, Guido, Keim, Corneli, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Engel, Andreas, Volk, C.-Michael, Kuellmann, Harry, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, Cortesi, Ugo, Bianchini, Giovanni, Mencaraglia, Francesco, Raspollini, Piera, Redaelli, Gianluca, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Mikuteit, Sabine, Blumenstock, Thomas, Velazco, Voltaire, Notholt, Justus, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Duchatelet, Pierre, Smale, Dan, Wood, Stephen, Jones, Nicholas, Piccolo, Chiara, Payne, Vivienne, Bracher, Astrid, Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele, Grunow, Katja, Jeseck, Pascal, Te, Yao, Butz, Andre, Payan, Sébastien, Camy-Peyret, Claude C., Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, Maucher, Guido, Keim, Corneli, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Engel, Andreas, Volk, C.-Michael, Kuellmann, Harry, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, Cortesi, Ugo, Bianchini, Giovanni, Mencaraglia, Francesco, Raspollini, Piera, Redaelli, Gianluca, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Mikuteit, Sabine, Blumenstock, Thomas, Velazco, Voltaire, Notholt, Justus, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Duchatelet, Pierre, Smale, Dan, Wood, Stephen, Jones, Nicholas, Piccolo, Chiara, Payne, Vivienne, Bracher, Astrid, Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele, Grunow, Katja, Jeseck, Pascal, Te, Yao, and Butz, Andre
- Abstract
The ENVISAT validation programme for the atmospheric instruments MIPAS, SCIAMACHY and GOMOS is based on a number of balloon-borne, aircraft, satellite and ground-based correlative measurements. In particular the activities of validation scientists were coordinated by ESA within the ENVISAT Stratospheric Aircraft and Balloon Campaign or ESABC. As part of a series of similar papers on other species [this issue] and in parallel to the contribution of the individual validation teams, the present paper provides a synthesis of comparisons performed between MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles produced by the current ESA operational software (Instrument Processing Facility version 4.61 or IPF v4.61, full resolution MIPAS data covering the period 9 July 2002 to 26 March 2004) and correlative measurements obtained from balloon and aircraft experiments as well as from satellite sensors or from ground-based instruments. In the middle stratosphere, no significant bias is observed between MIPAS and correlative measurements, and MIPAS is providing a very consistent and global picture of the distribution of CH4 and N2O in this region. In average, the MIPAS CH4 values show a small positive bias in the lower stratosphere of about 5%. A similar situation is observed for N2O with a positive bias of 4%. In the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere (UT/LS) the individual used MIPAS data version 4.61 still exhibits some unphysical oscillations in individual CH4 and N2O profiles caused by the processing algorithm (with almost no regularization). Taking these problems into account, the MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles are behaving as expected from the internal error estimation of IPF v4.61 and the estimated errors of the correlative measurements.
- Published
- 2009
29. Validation and data characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide profiles observed by MIPAS and processed with Version 4.61 algorithm
- Author
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Payan, Sébastien, Camy-Peyret, Claude C., Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, Maucher, Guido, Keim, Corneli, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Engel, Andreas, Volk, C.-Michael, Kuellmann, Harry, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, Cortesi, Ugo, Bianchini, Giovanni, Mencaraglia, Francesco, Raspollini, Piera, Redaelli, Gianluca, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Mikuteit, Sabine, Blumenstock, Thomas, Velazco, Voltaire, Notholt, Justus, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Duchatelet, Pierre, Smale, Dan, Wood, Stephen, Jones, Nicholas, Piccolo, Chiara, Payne, Vivienne, Bracher, Astrid, Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele, Grunow, Katja, Jeseck, Pascal, Te, Yao, Butz, Andre, Payan, Sébastien, Camy-Peyret, Claude C., Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, Maucher, Guido, Keim, Corneli, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Engel, Andreas, Volk, C.-Michael, Kuellmann, Harry, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, Cortesi, Ugo, Bianchini, Giovanni, Mencaraglia, Francesco, Raspollini, Piera, Redaelli, Gianluca, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Mikuteit, Sabine, Blumenstock, Thomas, Velazco, Voltaire, Notholt, Justus, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Duchatelet, Pierre, Smale, Dan, Wood, Stephen, Jones, Nicholas, Piccolo, Chiara, Payne, Vivienne, Bracher, Astrid, Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele, Grunow, Katja, Jeseck, Pascal, Te, Yao, and Butz, Andre
- Abstract
The ENVISAT validation programme for the atmospheric instruments MIPAS, SCIAMACHY and GOMOS is based on a number of balloon-borne, aircraft, satellite and ground-based correlative measurements. In particular the activities of validation scientists were coordinated by ESA within the ENVISAT Stratospheric Aircraft and Balloon Campaign or ESABC. As part of a series of similar papers on other species [this issue] and in parallel to the contribution of the individual validation teams, the present paper provides a synthesis of comparisons performed between MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles produced by the current ESA operational software (Instrument Processing Facility version 4.61 or IPF v4.61, full resolution MIPAS data covering the period 9 July 2002 to 26 March 2004) and correlative measurements obtained from balloon and aircraft experiments as well as from satellite sensors or from ground-based instruments. In the middle stratosphere, no significant bias is observed between MIPAS and correlative measurements, and MIPAS is providing a very consistent and global picture of the distribution of CH4 and N2O in this region. In average, the MIPAS CH4 values show a small positive bias in the lower stratosphere of about 5%. A similar situation is observed for N2O with a positive bias of 4%. In the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere (UT/LS) the individual used MIPAS data version 4.61 still exhibits some unphysical oscillations in individual CH4 and N2O profiles caused by the processing algorithm (with almost no regularization). Taking these problems into account, the MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles are behaving as expected from the internal error estimation of IPF v4.61 and the estimated errors of the correlative measurements.
- Published
- 2007
30. Simultaneous retrieval of water vapour and temperature profiles and cirrus clouds properties from measurements of far infrared spectral radiance over the Antarctic Plateau.
- Author
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Di Natale, Gianluca, Palchetti, Luca, Bianchini, Giovanni, and Del Guasta, Massimo
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC water vapor ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,INFRARED spectra - Abstract
The possibility to discriminate the contribution of the atmosphere and ice clouds by using spectral infrared measurements is a fundamental step to quantify the cloud effect in the climate models. The simultaneous retrieval of clouds and atmospheric parameters allows to take into account the possible correlations between the variables. In this paper we describe the development of a routine able to perform the simultaneous retrieval and its application to the analysis of the spectral measurements acquired by the REFIR-PAD (Radiation Explorer Far Infrared - Prototype for Applications and Development) spectroradiometer, operative from Antarctic Plateau since 2012. This routine is able to operate the retrieval with reduced computing time comparable with the REFIR-PAD data acquisition time. The analysis allowed to retrieve the water vapour and temperature profiles and the clouds optical and micro-physical properties, such as the generalised effective diameter (D
ge ) and the ice water path (IWP), by exploiting the spectral band between 230-980 cm-1 . To simulate the radiative transfer, the LBLRTM (Line By Line Radiative Transfer Model) was integrated with a specific code based on the delta-Eddington two-stream approximation, and further the cirrus clouds single scattering properties were derived from a database for hexagonal column habits. In order to identify the ice clouds a back-scattering and depolarisation lidar was available on the site and allowed to infer the position and the cloud thickness used in the simulations. A climatology of the vertical profiles of water vapour and temperature, was performed by using the daily radiosounding available at the base and it was used to build the a priori and initial guess profiles used in the fitting routine. An optimal estimation method with a Levenberg-Marquardt approach was applied to perform the retrieval. The comparison of results with radiosoundings demonstrates that the retrieved atmospheric state is not disturbed by the clouds presence. Finally, the retrieved clouds parameters were compared with the statistical correlation between the cloud temperature (Tc ) and the optical depth measured in Antarctica at Dumond D'Urville and the effective diameters with the ice water content (IWC) obtained in the Arctic region finding a general agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Retrieval of foreign-broadened water vapor continuum coefficients from emitted spectral radiance in the H_2O rotational band from 240 to 590 cm^-1
- Author
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Serio, Carmine, primary, Masiello, Guido, additional, Esposito, Francesco, additional, Di Girolamo, Paolo, additional, Di Iorio, Tatiana, additional, Palchetti, Luca, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Muscari, Giovanni, additional, Pavese, Giulia, additional, Rizzi, Rolando, additional, Carli, Bruno, additional, and Cuomo, Vincenzo, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Observations and analysis of the far-infrared downwelling radiance from the Dome C site, Antarctica: a 7-year time series.
- Author
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Bianchini, Giovanni, Palchetti, Luca, and Natale, Gianluca Di
- Subjects
- *
RADIANCE , *ATMOSPHERIC radiation , *LOW temperatures , *SPECTRUM analysis , *TROPOSPHERE - Abstract
Since December, 2011 an integrated observation system based on the REFIR-PAD Fouriertransform spectroradiometer has been established at the station Concordia, on the EastAntarctic plateau (75∘06’S, 123∘23’E, 3233 m a. s. l.). The REFIR-PAD instrument provides spectrally-resolved measurements of thedownwelling atmospheric emitted radiance in the 100-1500 cm−1 range, thus including thefar-infrared region; together with a set of auxiliary sensors connected to a single dataacquisition and storage system these measurements provide a valuable tool for thecharacterization of the Antarctic troposphere. The observation system is operating in continuous acquisition mode since its installation,thus providing an unique, more than 7-year long, time series of atmospheric radiances andancillary data. Polar regions are the main radiative sink of the Earth system, thus the monitoring of theiratmosphere has a high relevance for climate studies. Broad band, spectrally resolved radiancemeasurements as those performed by REFIR-PAD fulfill a twofold task, providing acharacterization of the atmospheric radiation including the identification of its maincontributing components, but also allowing for the retrieval of the atmospheres structure andcomposition through the analysis of the measured spectra. This kind of analysis is particularly interesting in the polar context, since it includes thefar-infrared region of the spectrum in which, due to the low temperatures involved, a greatpart of the radiative exchange takes place. A description of the currently operating observation system will be presented, togetherwith some preliminary results from the analysis of the measurements performed in the2012-2018 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
33. Remote sensing of polar ice and mixed phase clouds properties by means of far infrared spectral measurements over the Antarctic Plateau.
- Author
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Natale, Gianluca Di, Palchetti, Luca, and Bianchini, Giovanni
- Published
- 2019
34. Tabularum Ioannis Blanchini Canones
- Author
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Bianchini, Giovanni, fl. s. XV, Olomoucký, Augustin, 1467-1513, Stiborius, Andreas, 1470-1515, Augustone, Giovanni Basilio, 14..-14, Bevilaqua, Simon, fl. 1485-1518, Bianchini, Giovanni, fl. s. XV, Olomoucký, Augustin, 1467-1513, Stiborius, Andreas, 1470-1515, Augustone, Giovanni Basilio, 14..-14, and Bevilaqua, Simon, fl. 1485-1518
- Abstract
En f. [2]r consta: "Augustinuus Morauus Olomucensis Iurispon. atq[ue] artiu]m] doctor Andree stiborio" y en f. [344]r "Ad lectorem Jo. Basilii augustoni epigramma", Pie de imp. tomado de colofón, Marca tip. en colofón, A-B<8, C<10, a-z<8, [et]<8, [cum]<8, [rum]<8, A-N<8, O<6, Letra gótica en 3 tamaños y Letra romana, 47 lín., Capitulares orn. xil., Huecos para iniciales, En bl. f. [1]v, F. [1]r. INC.: Tabularum Joannis // blanchini canones. -- f. [2]r. [Calderón] Augustinuus Morauus Olomucensis Iurispon. atq[ue] artiu[m] doctor Andree // stiborio canonico Olomucensi Auunculo suo Salutem plurimam dicit. -- f. [4]r. INC.: [Calderón] Tabule Jo. Blanchini celestium motuum at in eas canones incipit fidere felici. -- f. [344]r. EXP.: Impressu[m] itaq[ue]s Solertia [et] cura no[n] // mediocri Symo[n]is biuilaque papie[n] // sis año 1495 die io Junii. Venetiis // Registru[m] // [Marca tip.], Copia digital. spa : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2008
35. Tabule Joa[nni] Blanchini ... : cum plerisq[ue] additionibus ac nouis tabellis nup[er] impresse, per L. Gauricu[m] ... castigate Venetijs 1526
- Author
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Gaurico, Luca, 1476-1558 ; Giunta, Luca-Antonio, 1457-1538, impressor, Bianchini, Giovanni, S. XV, Gaurico, Luca, 1476-1558 ; Giunta, Luca-Antonio, 1457-1538, impressor, and Bianchini, Giovanni, S. XV
36. Remote sensing of cirrus clouds properties by means of far infrared spectral measurements.
- Author
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Di Natale, Gianluca, Palchetti, Luca, Bianchini, Giovanni, and Maestri, Tiziano
- Published
- 2018
37. Consistency test of precipitating ice cloud retrieval properties obtained from the observations of different instruments operating at Dome C (Antarctica)
- Author
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Gianluca Di Natale, David D. Turner, Giovanni Bianchini, Massimo Del Guasta, Luca Palchetti, Alessandro Bracci, Luca Baldini, Tiziano Maestri, William Cossich, Michele Martinazzo, Luca Facheris, Di Natale, Gianluca, Turner, David D., Bianchini, Giovanni, Del Guasta, Massimo, Palchetti, Luca, Bracci, Alessandro, Baldini, Luca, Maestri, Tiziano, Cossich, William, Martinazzo, Michele, and Facheris, Luca
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,far infrared, clouds, interferometry, radar, Antarctic Plateau - Abstract
Selected case studies of precipitating ice clouds at Dome C (Antarctic Plateau) were used to test a new approach for the estimation of ice cloud reflectivity at 24 GHz (12.37 mm wavelength) using ground-based far infrared spectral measurements from the REFIR-PAD Fourier transform spectroradiometer and backscattering/depolarization lidar profiles. The resulting reflectivity was evaluated with the direct reflectivity measurements provided by a co-located micro rain radar (MRR) operating at 24 GHz, that was able to detect falling crystals with large particle size, typically above 600 µm. To obtain the 24 GHz reflectivity, we used the particle effective diameter and the cloud optical depth retrieved from the far infrared spectral radiances provided by REFIR-PAD and the tropospheric co-located backscattering lidar to calculate the modal radius and the intercept of the particle size distribution. These parameters spanned in the wide ranges between 570–2400 µm and 10−2–104 cm−5, respectively. The retrieved effective sizes and optical depths mostly varied in the ranges 70–250 µm and 0.1–5, respectively. From these parameters, the theoretical reflectivity at 24 GHz was obtained by integrating the size distribution over different cross sections for various habit crystals provided by Eriksson et al. (2018) databases. From the comparison with the radar reflectivity measurements, we found that the hexagonal column-like habits, the columnar crystal aggregates, and the 5/6 branches bullet rosettes showed the best agreement with the MRR observations. The dispersion coefficient of the crystal particle size distribution was assumed in the range 0–2 according to the temperature dependence found in previous studies. The retrieved values of the intercept and slope were found in good agreement with these studies. The presence of the inferred habits was confirmed by the crystal images taken by the ICE-CAMERA, operating in proximity of REFIR-PAD and the MRR. In particular, the occurrence of hexagonal column-like ice crystals was confirmed by the presence of 22∘ solar halos, detected by the HALO-CAMERA. The average crystal lengths obtained from the retrieved size distribution were also compared to those estimated from the ICE-CAMERA images. The agreement between the two results confirmed that the retrieved parameters of the particle size distributions correctly reproduced the observations.
- Published
- 2022
38. Characterization of the Far Infrared Properties and Radiative Forcing of Antarctic Ice and Water Clouds Exploiting the Spectrometer-LiDAR Synergy
- Author
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Marco Ridolfi, D. Magurno, William Cossich, Tiziano Maestri, Giovanni Bianchini, Massimo Del Guasta, Luca Palchetti, Gianluca Di Natale, Di Natale, Gianluca, Bianchini, Giovanni, Del Guasta, Massimo, Ridolfi, Marco, Maestri, Tiziano, Cossich, William, Magurno, Davide, and Palchetti, Luca
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Spectrometer ,Science ,Antarctic clouds ,Antarctic cloud ,far-infrared ,Radiative forcing ,01 natural sciences ,cirrus clouds ,Characterization (materials science) ,remote sensing ,Lidar ,Far infrared ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,cirrus cloud ,0103 physical sciences ,REFIR-PAD ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,010306 general physics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Optical and microphysical cloud properties are retrieved from measurements acquired in 2013 and 2014 at the Concordia base station in the Antarctic Plateau. Two sensors are used synergistically: a Fourier transform spectroradiometer named REFIR-PAD (Radiation Explorer in Far Infrared-Prototype for Applications and Developments) and a backscattering-depolarization LiDAR. First, in order to identify the cloudy scenes and assess the cloud thermodynamic phase, the REFIR-PAD spectral radiances are ingested by a machine learning algorithm called Cloud Identification and Classification (CIC). For each of the identified cloudy scenes, the nearest (in time) LiDAR backscattering profile is processed by the Polar Threshold (PT) algorithm that allows derivation of the cloud top and bottom heights. Subsequently, using the CIC and PT results as external constraints, the Simultaneous Atmospheric and Clouds Retrieval (SACR) code is applied to the REFIR-PAD spectral radiances. SACR simultaneously retrieves cloud optical depth and effective dimensions and atmospheric vertical profiles of water vapor and temperature. The analysis determines an average effective diameter of 28 μm with an optical depth of 0.76 for the ice clouds. Water clouds are only detected during the austral Summer, and the retrieved properties provide an average droplet diameter of 9 μm and average optical depth equal to four. The estimated retrieval error is about 1% for the ice crystal/droplet size and 2% for the cloud optical depth. The sensitivity of the retrieved parameters to the assumed crystal shape is also assessed. New parametrizations of the optical depth and the longwave downwelling forcing for Antarctic ice and water clouds, as a function of the ice/liquid water path, are presented. The longwave downwelling flux, computed from the top of the atmosphere to the surface, ranges between 70 and 220 W/m2. The estimated cloud longwave forcing at the surface is (31 ± 7) W/m2 and (29 ± 6) W/m2 for ice clouds and (64 ± 12) and (62 ± 11) W/m2 for water clouds, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The total average cloud forcing for the two years investigated is (46 ± 9) W/m2.
- Published
- 2020
39. Validation of H2O continuum absorption models in the wave number range 180-600 cm(-1) with atmospheric emitted spectral radiance measured at the Antarctica Dome-C site.
- Author
-
Liuzzi G, Masiello G, Serio C, Palchetti L, and Bianchini G
- Abstract
This work presents the results concerning the analysis of a set of atmospheric emitted (down welling) spectral radiance observations in the spectral range 180 to 1100 cm(-1) acquired at the Dome-C site in Antarctica during an extensive field campaign in 2011-2012. The work has been mainly focused on retrieving and validating the coefficients of the foreign contribution to the water vapour continuum absorption, within a spectral range overlapping the water vapour rotational band. Retrievals have been performed by using a simultaneous physical retrieval procedure for atmospheric and spectroscopic parameters. Both day (summer) and night (winter) spectra have been used in our analysis. This new set of observations in the far infrared range has allowed us to extend validation and verification of state-of-art water vapour continuum absorption models down to 180 cm(-1). Results show that discrepancies between measurements and models are less than 10% in the interval 350-590 cm(-1), while they are slightly larger at wave numbers below 350 cm(-1). On overall, our study shows a good consistency between observations and state-of-art models and provides evidence toward needing to adjust absorptive line strengths. Finally, it has been found that there is a good agreement between the coefficients retrieved using either summer or winter spectra, which are acquired in far different meteorological conditions.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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