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1. Cost of TB services: approach and summary findings of a multi-country study (Value TB)

Author

Sweeney, S., primary, Laurence, Y. V., additional, Cunnama, L., additional, Gomez, G. B., additional, Garcia-Baena, I., additional, Bhide, P., additional, Capeding, T. J., additional, Chatterjee, S., additional, Chikovani, I., additional, Eyob, H., additional, Kairu, A., additional, Terefe, M. M., additional, Shengelia, N., additional, Toshniwal, M., additional, Saadi, N., additional, Bergren, E., additional, and Vassall, A., additional

Published
2022
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2. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author

Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, and Bethke, S

Published
2016
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3. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author

Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., and Zhu, R. -Y.

Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov

Published
2012

4. Review of particle physics

Author

Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, C, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Webber, B, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wells, J, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Nakamura, K., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Murayama, H., Tanabashi, M., Watari, T., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, C. F., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karle, A., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lys, J., Mahlke, H., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Webber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wells, J. D., Wheeler, A., Wiencke, L. R., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, C, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Webber, B, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wells, J, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Nakamura, K., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Murayama, H., Tanabashi, M., Watari, T., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, C. F., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karle, A., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lys, J., Mahlke, H., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Webber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wells, J. D., Wheeler, A., Wiencke, L. R., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.1b1.gov

Published
2010

5. Review of Particle Physics Particle Data Group

Author

Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, and Zhu, R

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Subatomic Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.

Published
2012

6. Review of particle physics

Author

Amsler, C, Doser, M, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Babu, K, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Bloch, P, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Caso, C, Cecccci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dobrescu, B, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Elvira, V, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Feng, J, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hincliliffe, I, Hoecker, A, Huston, J, Igo-Kemenes, P, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Knowles, I, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Kreitz, P, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Liu, J, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mahlke, H, Mangano, M, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Rateliff, B, Renk, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Surniyoshi, T, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trilling, G, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Ward, D, Watari, T, Vebber, B, Weiglein, G, Wells, J, Whalley, M, Wheeler, A, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workmnan, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Amsler, C., Doser, M., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Babu, K. S., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Caso, C., Cecccci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dobrescu, B., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Elvira, V. D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Feng, J. L., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, G. F., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hincliliffe, I., Hoecker, A., Huston, J., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Knowles, I. G., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Kreitz, P., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Liu, J. C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mahlke, H., Mangano, M. L., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Rateliff, B. N., Renk, B., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Surniyoshi, T., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trilling, G. H., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Vebber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Wells, J. D., Whalley, M., Wheeler, A., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workmnan, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W-M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C, Doser, M, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Babu, K, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Bloch, P, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Caso, C, Cecccci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dobrescu, B, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Elvira, V, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Feng, J, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hincliliffe, I, Hoecker, A, Huston, J, Igo-Kemenes, P, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Knowles, I, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Kreitz, P, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Liu, J, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mahlke, H, Mangano, M, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Rateliff, B, Renk, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Surniyoshi, T, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trilling, G, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Ward, D, Watari, T, Vebber, B, Weiglein, G, Wells, J, Whalley, M, Wheeler, A, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workmnan, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Amsler, C., Doser, M., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Babu, K. S., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Caso, C., Cecccci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dobrescu, B., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Elvira, V. D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Feng, J. L., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, G. F., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hincliliffe, I., Hoecker, A., Huston, J., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Knowles, I. G., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Kreitz, P., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Liu, J. C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mahlke, H., Mangano, M. L., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Rateliff, B. N., Renk, B., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Surniyoshi, T., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trilling, G. H., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Vebber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Wells, J. D., Whalley, M., Wheeler, A., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workmnan, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W-M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., and Zyla, P. A.

Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology

Published
2008

7. Review of particle physics

Author

Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Band, HR, Barnett, RM, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M-C, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, DA, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Foster, B, Gaisser, TK, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, CF, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grivaz, J-F, Groom, DE, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hagmann, C, Hayes, KG, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, JD, Johnson, KF, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, SR, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, RV, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, YV, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C-J, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, KS, Lugovsky, SB, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Martin, AD, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petcov, ST, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Sachrajda, CT, Sakai, Y, Salam, GP, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, WG, Shaevitz, MH, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, JG, Smoot, GF, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, SL, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, MJ, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tornqvist, NA, Tovey, D, Trippe, TG, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, MG, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Ward, DR, Webber, BR, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, EJ, Wells, JD, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, LR, Wohl, CG, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, CL, Workman, RL, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W-M, Zenin, OV, Zhang, J, Zhu, R-Y, Zyla, PA, Harper, G, Lugovsky, VS, Schaffner, P, Grp, PD, Eidelman, S, Hayes, Kg, Olive, Ka, Aguilar Benitez, M, Amsler, C, Asner, D, Babu, K, Barnett, Rm, Beringer, J, Burchat, Pr, Carone, Cd, Caso, C, Conforto, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Doser, M, Feng, Jl, Gherghetta, T, Gibbons, L, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Groom, De, Gurtu, A, Hagiwara, K, Hernandez Rey, Jj, Hikasa, K, Honscheid, K, Jawahery, H, Kolda, C, Kwon, Y, Mangano, Ml, Manohar, Av, March Russell, J, Masoni, A, Miquel, R, Monig, K, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Navas, S, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Piepke, A, Raffelt, G, Roos, M, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tornqvist, Na, Trippe, Tg, Vogel, P, Wohl, Cg, Workman, Rl, Yao, Wm, Zyla, Pa, Armstrong, B, Gee, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, Sb, Lugovsky, V, Rom, A, Artuso, M, Barberio, E, Battaglia, M, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Bloch, P, Cahn, Rn, Casper, D, Cattai, A, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Damour, T, Desler, K, Dobbs, Ma, Drees, M, Edwards, A, Edwards, Da, Elvira, Vd, Erler, J, Ezhela, Vv, Fetscher, W, Fields, Bd, Fosler, B, Froidevaux, D, Fukugita, M, Gaisser, Tk, Garren, L, Gerber, Hj, Gerbier, G, Gilman, Fj, Haber, He, Hagmann, C, Hewett, J, Hinchliffe, I, Hogan, Cj, Hohler, G, Igo Kemenes, P, Jackson, Jd, Johnson, Kf, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, Sr, Kleinknecht, K, Knowles, Ig, Kreitz, P, Kuyanov, Yv, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Littenberg, L, Manley, Dm, Martin, Ad, Narain, M, Nason, P, Nir, Y, Peacock, Ja, Quinn, Hr, Raby, S, Ratcliff, Bn, Razuvaev, Ea, Renk, B, Rolandi, Luigi, Ronan, Mt, Rosenberg, Lj, Sachrajda, Ct, Sakai, Y, Sanda, Ai, Sarkar, S, Schmitt, M, Schneider, O, Scott, D, Seligman, Wg, Shaevitz, Mh, Sjostrand, T, Smoot, Gf, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spooner, Njc, Srednicki, M, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Suzuki, M, Tkachenko, Np, Trilling, Gh, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Vincter, Mg, Ward, Dr, Webber, Br, Whalley, M, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, Cl, Zenin, Ov, Zhu, Ry, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hayes, K, Olive, K, Aguilar-Benitez, M, Barnett, R, Burchat, P, Carone, C, Feng, J, Groom, D, Hernandez-Rey, J, Mangano, M, Manohar, A, March-Russell, J, Tornqvist, N, Trippe, T, Wohl, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Lugovsky, S, Cahn, R, Dobbs, M, Edwards, D, Elvira, V, Ezhela, V, Fields, B, Gaisser, T, Gerber, H, Gilman, F, Haber, H, Hogan, C, Igo-Kemenes, P, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Klein, S, Knowles, I, Kuyanov, Y, Manley, D, Martin, A, Peacock, J, Quinn, H, Ratcliff, B, Razuvaev, E, Rolandi, G, Ronan, M, Rosenberg, L, Sachrajda, C, Sanda, A, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Smoot, G, Spooner, N, Tkachenko, N, Trilling, G, Vincter, M, Ward, D, Webber, B, Woody, C, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Watari, T, Antonelli, M, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Foster, B, Giudice, C, Golwala, S, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gutsche, T, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Junk, T, Karle, A, Kowalewski, R, Krusche, B, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Marciano, W, Milstead, D, Moenig, K, Nevski, P, Petcov, S, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosner, J, Salam, G, Sauli, F, Scholberg, K, Silari, M, Smith, J, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Titov, M, Tovey, D, Venanzoni, G, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wells, J, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L, Yamamoto, A, Zhang, J, Schaffner, P, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), University of Zurich, Cecccci, A, Giudice, G, Gruenewald, M, Hincliliffe, I, Liu, J, Rateliff, B, Surniyoshi, T, Vebber, B, Workmnan, R, Yao, W. -M., Amsler, C., Asner, D., Bamett, R. M., Beringer, J., Burchat, P. R., Carone, Cd., Caso, C., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Dcgouvca, A., Doscr, M., Eidelman, S., Feng, J. L., Ghcrghctta, T., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Groom, D. E., Gurtu, A., Hagiwara, K., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Jawahcry, H., Kolda, C., Kwon, Y., Mangano, M. L., Manohar, A. V., Masoni, A., Miqucl, R., Monig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Navas, S., Olive, K. A., Rape, L., Patrignani, C., Picpkc, A., Punzi, G., Raffclt, G., Smith, J. G., Tanabashi, M., Tcrning, J., Tornqvist, N. A., Trippc, T. G., Vogcl, P., Watari, T., Wohl, C. G., Workman, R. L., Zyla, P. A., Armstrong, B., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Artuso, M., Babu, K. S., Band, H. R., Barberio, E., Battaglia, M., Bichscl, H., Bicbcl, O., Bloch, P., Bluchcr, E., Calm, R. N., Casper, D., Cattal, A., Ccccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Damour, T., Dcgrand, T., Dcslcr, K., Dobbs, M. A., Drees, M., Edwards, A., Edwards, D. A., Elvira, V. D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Froidevaux, D., Galsser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gibbons, L., Gilman, F. J., Giudice, G. F., Gritsan, A. V., Griinewald, M., Haber, H. E., Hagmann, C., Hinchliffe, I., Hocker, A., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Kleinknecht, K., Knowles, I. G., Kowalewski, R. V., Kreitz, P., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Liu, J. C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manley, D. M., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Milstead, D., Narain, M., Nason, P., Nir, Y., Peacock, J. A., Prell, S. A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Ratcliff, B. N., Razuvaev, E. A., Renk, B., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolandi, G., Ronan, M. T., Rosenberg, L. J., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakal, Y., Sarkar, S., Schmitt, M., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Sjostrand, T., Smoot, G. F., Sokolsky, P., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Streitmatter, R. E., Sumiyoshi, T., Tkachenko, N. P., Trilling, G. H., Valencia, G., Vanbibber, K., Vincter, M. G., Ward, D. R., Webber, B. R., Wells, J. D., Whalley, M., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Yamamoto, A., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. Y., De Gouvea, A, Toernqvist, N, Bichel, H, Ceccicco, A, De Grand, T, Hocker, A, Knowles, J, Prell, S, Roman, M, Salao, Y, Sokolsky, P, Staney, T, and Streitmatter, R

Subjects
UB-VERTICAL-BAR, Top quark, HIGGS-BOSON MASSES, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, SYMMETRY-BREAKING, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutrino masses, Neutrino mixing, Neutrino oscillations, ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT, Physics, Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY, Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL, PHOTON, Higgs boson, Neutrino, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, STRUCTURE-FUNCTION, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 530 Physics, HIGGS-BOSON-MASS, 10192 Physics Institute, Standard Model, Theoretical physics, 0103 physical sciences, 3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics, AKA, DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING, Gauge boson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Quark model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Particle Data Group, MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE, GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES, Baryon, Standard Model (mathematical formulation), Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, PHOTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION, ELECTROWEAK, Particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Baryon number, TO-LEADING-ORDER
Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, Vud & Vus , Vcb & Vub , fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: pdg.lbl.gov.

Published
2004
Full Text
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8. Review of Particle Physics, 2012-2013

Author

Beringer, J, Arguin, J F, Barnett, R M, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D E, Lin, C J, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C G, Yao, W M, Zyla, P A, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Band, H R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M C, Chivukula, R S, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D A, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Gaisser, T K, Garren, L, Gerber, H J, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grivaz, J F, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K G, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu.V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W G, Shaevitz, M H, Sharpe, S R, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S L, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tornqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Ward, D R, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E J, Wiencke, L R, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhang, J, Zhu, R Y, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V S, and Schaffner, P

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Vcb & Vub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter.

Published
2012

9. Review of Particle Physics, 2010-2011

Author

Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Band, H R, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M-C, Chivukula, R S, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D’Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D A, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Gaisser, T K, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G F, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grivaz, J-F, Groom, D E, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K G, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S R, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R V, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C-J, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Mönig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W G, Shaevitz, M H, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S L, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Törnqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Trippe, T G, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Ward, D R, Webber, B R, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E J, Wells, J D, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L R, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W-M, Zenin, O V, Zhang, J, Zhu, R-Y, Zyla, P A, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V S, and Schaffner, P

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, Vud & Vus, Vcb & Vub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.

Published
2010

10. Review of Particle Physics, Particle Data Group

Author

Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., and Zhu, R. -Y.

Abstract

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.

Published
2013
Full Text
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11. What, how and who: Cost-effectiveness analyses of COVID-19 vaccination to inform key policies in Nigeria.

Author

Ruiz FJ, Torres-Rueda S, Pearson CAB, Bergren E, Okeke C, Procter SR, Madriz-Montero A, Jit M, Vassall A, and Uzochukwu BSC

Abstract

While safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines have achieved high coverage in high-income settings, roll-out remains slow in sub-Saharan Africa. By April 2022, Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, had only distributed 34 million doses. To ensure the optimal use of health resources, cost-effectiveness analyses can inform key policy questions in the health technology assessment process. We carried out several cost-effectiveness analyses exploring different COVID-19 vaccination scenarios in Nigeria. In consultation with Nigerian stakeholders, we addressed three key questions: what vaccines to buy, how to deliver them and what age groups to target. We combined an epidemiological model of virus transmission parameterised with Nigeria specific data with a costing model that incorporated local resource use assumptions and prices, both for vaccine delivery as well as costs associated with care and treatment of COVID-19. Scenarios of vaccination were compared with no vaccination. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated in terms of costs per disability-adjusted life years averted and compared to commonly used cost-effectiveness ratios. Viral vector vaccines are cost-effective (or cost saving), particularly when targeting older adults. Despite higher efficacy, vaccines employing mRNA technologies are less cost-effective due to high current dose prices. The method of delivery of vaccines makes little difference to the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines can be highly effective and cost-effective (as well as cost-saving), although an important determinant of the latter is the price per dose and the age groups prioritised for vaccination. From a health system perspective, viral vector vaccines may represent most cost-effective choices for Nigeria, although this may change with price negotiation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Ruiz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2023
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12. Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 vaccination programme's timing and speed on health benefits, cost-effectiveness, and relative affordability in 27 African countries.

Author

Liu Y, Procter SR, Pearson CAB, Montero AM, Torres-Rueda S, Asfaw E, Uzochukwu B, Drake T, Bergren E, Eggo RM, Ruiz F, Ndembi N, Nonvignon J, Jit M, and Vassall A

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Vaccination, Africa epidemiology, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine supply shortage in 2021 constrained roll-out efforts in Africa while populations experienced waves of epidemics. As supply improves, a key question is whether vaccination remains an impactful and cost-effective strategy given changes in the timing of implementation., Methods: We assessed the impact of vaccination programme timing using an epidemiological and economic model. We fitted an age-specific dynamic transmission model to reported COVID-19 deaths in 27 African countries to approximate existing immunity resulting from infection before substantial vaccine roll-out. We then projected health outcomes (from symptomatic cases to overall disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted) for different programme start dates (01 January to 01 December 2021, n = 12) and roll-out rates (slow, medium, fast; 275, 826, and 2066 doses/million population-day, respectively) for viral vector and mRNA vaccines by the end of 2022. Roll-out rates used were derived from observed uptake trajectories in this region. Vaccination programmes were assumed to prioritise those above 60 years before other adults. We collected data on vaccine delivery costs, calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) compared to no vaccine use, and compared these ICERs to GDP per capita. We additionally calculated a relative affordability measure of vaccination programmes to assess potential nonmarginal budget impacts., Results: Vaccination programmes with early start dates yielded the most health benefits and lowest ICERs compared to those with late starts. While producing the most health benefits, fast vaccine roll-out did not always result in the lowest ICERs. The highest marginal effectiveness within vaccination programmes was found among older adults. High country income groups, high proportions of populations over 60 years or non-susceptible at the start of vaccination programmes are associated with low ICERs relative to GDP per capita. Most vaccination programmes with small ICERs relative to GDP per capita were also relatively affordable., Conclusion: Although ICERs increased significantly as vaccination programmes were delayed, programmes starting late in 2021 may still generate low ICERs and manageable affordability measures. Looking forward, lower vaccine purchasing costs and vaccines with improved efficacies can help increase the economic value of COVID-19 vaccination programmes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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13. Evaluation of a nurse practitioner-physician task-sharing model for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.

Author

Farley JE, Ndjeka N, Kelly AM, Whitehouse E, Lachman S, Budhathoki C, Lowensen K, Bergren E, Mabuza H, Mlandu N, and van der Walt M

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Safety, South Africa, Treatment Outcome, Nurse Practitioners, Patient Care methods, Physicians, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa remain close to 50%. Lack of access to timely, decentralized care is a contributing factor. We evaluated MDR-TB treatment outcomes from a clinical cohort with task-sharing between a clinical nurse practitioner (CNP) and a medical officer (MO)., Methods: We completed a retrospective evaluation of outcomes from a prospective, programmatically-based MDR-TB cohort who were enrolled and received care between 2012 and 2015 at a peri-urban hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Treatment was provided by either by a CNP or MO., Findings: The cohort included 197 participants with a median age of 33 years, 51% female, and 74% co-infected with HIV. The CNP initiated 123 participants on treatment. Overall MDR-TB treatment success rate in this cohort was 57.9%, significantly higher than the South African national average of 45% in 2012 (p<0·0001) and similar to the provincal average of 60% (p = NS). There were no significant differences by provider type: treatment success was 61% for patients initiated by the CNP and 52.7% for those initiated by the MO., Interpretation: Clinics that adopted a task sharing approach for MDR-TB demonstrated greater treatment success rates than the national average. Task-sharing between the CNP and MO did not adversely impact treatment outcome with similar success rates noted. Task-sharing is a feasible option for South Africa to support decentralization without compromising patient outcomes. Models that allow sharing of responsibility for MDR-TB may optimize the use of human resources and improve access to care.

Published
2017
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