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1. Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds

Author

Creamean, Jessie M, Barry, Kevin, Hill, Thomas CJ, Hume, Carson, DeMott, Paul J, Shupe, Matthew D, Dahlke, Sandro, Willmes, Sascha, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Hoppe, Clara JM, Fong, Allison, Chamberlain, Emelia, Bowman, Jeff, Scharien, Randall, and Persson, Ola

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Aerosols, Arctic Regions, Climate, Ice Cover, Seasons
Abstract

The Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on Earth, prompting glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and sea ice decline. These severe consequences induce feedbacks that contribute to amplified warming, affecting weather and climate globally. Aerosols and clouds play a critical role in regulating radiation reaching the Arctic surface. However, the magnitude of their effects is not adequately quantified, especially in the central Arctic where they impact the energy balance over the sea ice. Specifically, aerosols called ice nucleating particles (INPs) remain understudied yet are necessary for cloud ice production and subsequent changes in cloud lifetime, radiative effects, and precipitation. Here, we report observations of INPs in the central Arctic over a full year, spanning the entire sea ice growth and decline cycle. Further, these observations are size-resolved, affording valuable information on INP sources. Our results reveal a strong seasonality of INPs, with lower concentrations in the winter and spring controlled by transport from lower latitudes, to enhanced concentrations of INPs during the summer melt, likely from marine biological production in local open waters. This comprehensive characterization of INPs will ultimately help inform cloud parameterizations in models of all scales.

Published
2022

2. Measurements of aerosol microphysical and chemical properties in the central Arctic atmosphere during MOSAiC

Author

Heutte, Benjamin, Bergner, Nora, Beck, Ivo, Angot, Hélène, Dada, Lubna, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Laurila, Tiia, Boyer, Matthew, Brasseur, Zoé, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., Henning, Silvia, Kuang, Chongai, Kulmala, Markku, Lampilahti, Janne, Lampimäki, Markus, Petäjä, Tuukka, Shupe, Matthew D., Sipilä, Mikko, Uin, Janek, Jokinen, Tuija, and Schmale, Julia

Published
2023
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3. The Marginal Ice Zone as a dominant source region of atmospheric mercury during central Arctic summertime

Author

Yue, Fange, Angot, Hélène, Blomquist, Byron, Schmale, Julia, Hoppe, Clara J. M., Lei, Ruibo, Shupe, Matthew D., Zhan, Liyang, Ren, Jian, Liu, Hailong, Beck, Ivo, Howard, Dean, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Quéléver, Lauriane, Boyer, Matthew, Petäjä, Tuukka, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, and Xie, Zhouqing

Published
2023
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4. Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere

Author

Tham, Yee Jun, Sarnela, Nina, Iyer, Siddharth, Li, Qinyi, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Beck, Lisa J., Boyer, Matthew, Carmona-García, Javier, Borrego-Sánchez, Ana, Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel, Peräkylä, Otso, Thakur, Roseline C., He, Xu-Cheng, Zha, Qiaozhi, Howard, Dean, Blomquist, Byron, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Posman, Kevin, Hueber, Jacques, Helmig, Detlev, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Junninen, Heikki, Kulmala, Markku, Mahajan, Anoop S., Massling, Andreas, Skov, Henrik, Sipilä, Mikko, Francisco, Joseph S., Schmale, Julia, Jokinen, Tuija, and Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

Published
2023
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5. The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition.

Author

Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Bucci, Silvia, Angot, Hélène, Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Beck, Lisa, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Sarnela, Nina, Thakur, Roseline C., Miljevic, Branka, Kulmala, Markku, Petäjä, Tuukka, Sipilä, Mikko, Schmale, Julia, and Jokinen, Tuija

Subjects
ARCTIC climate, SPRING, AUTUMN, SOLAR radiation, SULFURIC acid, CHLOROPHYLL
Abstract

In this study, we present and analyze the first continuous time series of relevant aerosol precursor vapors from the central Arctic (north of 80° N) during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. These precursor vapors include sulfuric acid (SA), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and iodic acid (IA). We use FLEXPART simulations, inverse modeling, sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratios, and chlorophyll a (chl a) observations to interpret the seasonal variability in the vapor concentrations and identify dominant sources. Our results show that both natural and anthropogenic sources are relevant for the concentrations of SA in the Arctic, but anthropogenic sources associated with Arctic haze are the most prevalent. MSA concentrations are an order of magnitude higher during polar day than during polar night due to seasonal changes in biological activity. Peak MSA concentrations were observed in May, which corresponds with the timing of the annual peak in chl a concentrations north of 75° N. IA concentrations exhibit two distinct peaks during the year, namely a dominant peak in spring and a secondary peak in autumn, suggesting that seasonal IA concentrations depend on both solar radiation and sea ice conditions. In general, the seasonal cycles of SA, MSA, and IA in the central Arctic Ocean are related to sea ice conditions, and we expect that changes in the Arctic environment will affect the concentrations of these vapors in the future. The magnitude of these changes and the subsequent influence on aerosol processes remains uncertain, highlighting the need for continued observations of these precursor vapors in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Year-round trace gas measurements in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Angot, Hélène, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Boyer, Matthew, Crotwell, Molly, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Kulmala, Markku, Lan, Xin, Laurila, Tiia, Madronich, Monica, Neff, Donald, Petäjä, Tuukka, Posman, Kevin, Quéléver, Lauriane, Shupe, Matthew D., Vimont, Isaac, and Schmale, Julia

Published
2022
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9. Characteristics and sources of fluorescent aerosols in the central Arctic Ocean

Author

Beck, Ivo, Moallemi, Alireza, Heutte, Benjamin, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Bergner, Nora, Rolo, Margarida, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Laurila, Tiia, Boyer, Matthew, Jokinen, Tuija, Angot, Hélène, Hoppe, Clara JM, Müller, Oliver, Creamean, Jessie, Frey, Markus M, Freitas, Gabriel, Zinke, Julika, Salter, Matt, Zieger, Paul, Mirrielees, Jessica A, Kempf, Hailey E, Ault, Andrew P, Pratt, Kerri A, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Henning, Silvia, Tatzelt, Christian, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Moallemi, Alireza, Heutte, Benjamin, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Bergner, Nora, Rolo, Margarida, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Laurila, Tiia, Boyer, Matthew, Jokinen, Tuija, Angot, Hélène, Hoppe, Clara JM, Müller, Oliver, Creamean, Jessie, Frey, Markus M, Freitas, Gabriel, Zinke, Julika, Salter, Matt, Zieger, Paul, Mirrielees, Jessica A, Kempf, Hailey E, Ault, Andrew P, Pratt, Kerri A, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Henning, Silvia, Tatzelt, Christian, and Schmale, Julia

Abstract

The Arctic is sensitive to cloud radiative forcing. Due to the limited number of aerosols present throughout much of the year, cloud formation is susceptible to the presence of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles (INPs). Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) contribute to INPs and can impact cloud phase, lifetime, and radiative properties. We present yearlong observations of hyperfluorescent aerosols (HFA), tracers for PBAP, conducted with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor, New Electronics Option during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition (October 2019–September 2020) in the central Arctic. We investigate the influence of potential anthropogenic and natural sources on the characteristics of the HFA and relate our measurements to INP observations during MOSAiC. Anthropogenic sources influenced HFA during the Arctic haze period. But surprisingly, we also found sporadic “bursts” of HFA with the characteristics of PBAP during this time, albeit with unclear origin. The characteristics of HFA between May and August 2020 and in October 2019 indicate a strong contribution of PBAP to HFA. Notably from May to August, PBAP coincided with the presence of INPs nucleating at elevated temperatures, that is, >−9°C, suggesting that HFA contributed to the “warm INP” concentration. The air mass residence time and area between May and August and in October were dominated by the open ocean and sea ice, pointing toward PBAP sources from within the Arctic Ocean. As the central Arctic changes drastically due to climate warming with expected implications on aerosol–cloud interactions, we recommend targeted observations of PBAP that reveal their nature (e.g., bacteria, diatoms, fungal spores) in the atmosphere and in relevant surface sources, such as the sea ice, snow on sea ice, melt ponds, leads, and open water, to gain further insights into the relevant source processes and how they mi

Published
2024

10. Modelling the coupled mercury-halogen-ozone cycle in the central Arctic during spring

Author

Ahmed, Shaddy, Thomas, Jennie L, Angot, Hélène, Dommergue, Aurélien, Archer, Stephen D, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Benavent, Nuria, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Blomquist, Byron, Boyer, Matthew, Christensen, Jesper H, Dahlke, Sandro, Dastoor, Ashu, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Lapere, Rémy, Laurila, Tiia, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Richter, Andreas, Ryjkov, Andrei, Mahajan, Anoop S, Marelle, Louis, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, Posman, Kevin, Rinke, Annette, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schmale, Julia, Skov, Henrik, Steffen, Alexandra, Stupple, Geoff, Stutz, Jochen, Travnikov, Oleg, Zilker, Bianca, Ahmed, Shaddy, Thomas, Jennie L, Angot, Hélène, Dommergue, Aurélien, Archer, Stephen D, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Benavent, Nuria, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Blomquist, Byron, Boyer, Matthew, Christensen, Jesper H, Dahlke, Sandro, Dastoor, Ashu, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Lapere, Rémy, Laurila, Tiia, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Richter, Andreas, Ryjkov, Andrei, Mahajan, Anoop S, Marelle, Louis, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, Posman, Kevin, Rinke, Annette, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schmale, Julia, Skov, Henrik, Steffen, Alexandra, Stupple, Geoff, Stutz, Jochen, Travnikov, Oleg, and Zilker, Bianca

Abstract

Near-surface mercury and ozone depletion events occur in the lowest part of the atmosphere during Arctic spring. Mercury depletion is the first step in a process that transforms long-lived elemental mercury to more reactive forms within the Arctic that are deposited to the cryosphere, ocean, and other surfaces, which can ultimately get integrated into the Arctic food web. Depletion of both mercury and ozone occur due to the presence of reactive halogen radicals that are released from snow, ice, and aerosols. In this work, we added a detailed description of the Arctic atmospheric mercury cycle to our recently published version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem 4.3.3) that includes Arctic bromine and chlorine chemistry and activation/recycling on snow and aerosols. The major advantage of our modelling approach is the online calculation of bromine concentrations and emission/recycling that is required to simulate the hourly and daily variability of Arctic mercury depletion. We used this model to study coupling between reactive cycling of mercury, ozone, and bromine during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) spring season in 2020 and evaluated results compared to land-based, ship-based, and remote sensing observations. The model predicts that elemental mercury oxidation is driven largely by bromine chemistry and that particulate mercury is the major form of oxidized mercury. The model predicts that the majority (74%) of oxidized mercury deposited to land-based snow is re-emitted to the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury, while a minor fraction (4%) of oxidized mercury that is deposited to sea ice is re-emitted during spring. Our work demonstrates that hourly differences in bromine/ozone chemistry in the atmosphere must be considered to capture the springtime Arctic mercury cycle, including its integration into the cryosphere and ocean.

Published
2023

11. Thin and transient meltwater layers and false bottoms in the Arctic sea ice pack—Recent insights on these historically overlooked features

Author

Smith, Madison M, Angot, Hélène, Chamberlain, Emelia J, Droste, Elise S, Karam, Salar, Muilwijk, Morven, Webb, Alison L, Archer, Stephen D, Beck, Ivo, Blomquist, Byron W, Bowman, Jeff, Boyer, Matthew, Bozzato, Deborah, Chierici, Melissa, Creamean, Jessie, D’Angelo, Alessandra, Delille, Bruno, Fer, Ilker, Fong, Allison A, Fransson, Agneta, Fuchs, Niels, Gardner, Jessie, Granskog, Mats A, Hoppe, Clara JM, Hoppema, Mario, Hoppmann, Mario, Mock, Thomas, Muller, Sofia, Müller, Oliver, Nicolaus, Marcel, Nomura, Daiki, Petäjä, Tuukka, Salganik, Evgenii, Schmale, Julia, Schmidt, Katrin, Schulz, Kirstin M, Shupe, Matthew D, Stefels, Jacqueline, Thielke, Linda, Tippenhauer, Sandra, Ulfsbo, Adam, van Leeuwe, Maria, Webster, Melinda, Yoshimura, Masaki, Zhan, Liyang, Smith, Madison M, Angot, Hélène, Chamberlain, Emelia J, Droste, Elise S, Karam, Salar, Muilwijk, Morven, Webb, Alison L, Archer, Stephen D, Beck, Ivo, Blomquist, Byron W, Bowman, Jeff, Boyer, Matthew, Bozzato, Deborah, Chierici, Melissa, Creamean, Jessie, D’Angelo, Alessandra, Delille, Bruno, Fer, Ilker, Fong, Allison A, Fransson, Agneta, Fuchs, Niels, Gardner, Jessie, Granskog, Mats A, Hoppe, Clara JM, Hoppema, Mario, Hoppmann, Mario, Mock, Thomas, Muller, Sofia, Müller, Oliver, Nicolaus, Marcel, Nomura, Daiki, Petäjä, Tuukka, Salganik, Evgenii, Schmale, Julia, Schmidt, Katrin, Schulz, Kirstin M, Shupe, Matthew D, Stefels, Jacqueline, Thielke, Linda, Tippenhauer, Sandra, Ulfsbo, Adam, van Leeuwe, Maria, Webster, Melinda, Yoshimura, Masaki, and Zhan, Liyang

Abstract

The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but are nevertheless pervasive and critically important in Arctic summer. Observations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in summer 2020 focused on the evolution of such layers and made significant advancements in understanding their role in the coupled Arctic system. Here we provide a review of thin meltwater layers in the Arctic, with emphasis on the new findings from MOSAiC. Both prior and recent observational datasets indicate an intermittent yet longlasting (weeks to months) meltwater layer in the upper ocean on the order of 0.1 m to 1.0 m in thickness, with a large spatial range. The presence of meltwater layers impacts the physical system by reducing bottom ice melt and allowing new ice formation via false bottom growth. Collectively, the meltwater layer and false bottoms reduce atmosphere-ocean exchanges of momentum, energy, and material.The impacts on the coupled Arctic system are far-reaching, including acting as a barrier for nutrient and gas exchange and impacting ecosystem diversity and productivity.

Published
2023

12. Low ozone dry deposition rates to sea ice during the MOSAiC field campaign: Implications for the Arctic boundary layer ozone budget

Author

Deming, Jody W, Miller, Lisa A, Barten, Johannes GM, Ganzeveld, Laurens N, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Blomquist, Byron W, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen D, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Boyer, Matthew, von der Gathen, Peter, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Posman, Kevin M, Quéléver, Lauriane, Schmale, Julia, Shupe, Matthew D, Krol, Maarten C, Deming, Jody W, Miller, Lisa A, Barten, Johannes GM, Ganzeveld, Laurens N, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Blomquist, Byron W, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen D, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Boyer, Matthew, von der Gathen, Peter, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Posman, Kevin M, Quéléver, Lauriane, Schmale, Julia, Shupe, Matthew D, and Krol, Maarten C

Abstract

Dry deposition to the surface is one of the main removal pathways of tropospheric ozone (O₃). We quantified for the first time the impact of O₃ deposition to the Arctic sea ice on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) O₃ concentration and budget using year-round flux and concentration observations from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign and simulations with a single-column atmospheric chemistry and meteorological model (SCM). Based on eddy-covariance O₃ surface flux observations, we find a median surface resistance on the order of 20,000 s m¯¹, resulting in a dry deposition velocity of approximately 0.005 cm s¯¹. This surface resistance is up to an order of magnitude larger than traditionally used values in many atmospheric chemistry and transport models. The SCM is able to accurately represent the yearly cycle, with maxima above 40 ppb in the winter and minima around 15 ppb at the end of summer. However, the observed springtime ozone depletion events are not captured by the SCM. In winter, the modelled PBL O₃ budget is governed by dry deposition at the surface mostly compensated by downward turbulent transport of O₃ towards the surface. Advection, which is accounted for implicitly by nudging to reanalysis data, poses a substantial, mostly negative, contribution to the simulated PBL O₃ budget in summer. During episodes with low wind speed (<5 m s¯¹) and shallow PBL (<50 m), the 7-day mean dry deposition removal rate can reach up to 1.0 ppb h¯¹. Our study highlights the importance of an accurate description of dry deposition to Arctic sea ice in models to quantify the current and future O₃ sink in the Arctic, impacting the tropospheric O₃ budget, which has been modified in the last century largely due to anthropogenic activities.

Published
2023

13. A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation : insights from the Multidisciplinarydrifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

Author

Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Dall'Osto, Manuel, Beddows, David C. S., Brasseur, Zoé, Beck, Ivo, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Laurila, Tiia, Asmi, Eija, Massling, Andreas, Thomas, Daniel Charles, Klenø Nøjgaard, Jakob, Chan, Tak, Sharma, Sangeeta, Tunved, Peter, Krejci, Radovan, Hansson, Hans-Christen, Bianchi, Federico, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Weinhold, Kay, Kulmala, Markku, Petäjä, Tuukka, Sipilä, Mikko, Schmale, Julia, Jokinen, Tuija, Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Dall'Osto, Manuel, Beddows, David C. S., Brasseur, Zoé, Beck, Ivo, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Laurila, Tiia, Asmi, Eija, Massling, Andreas, Thomas, Daniel Charles, Klenø Nøjgaard, Jakob, Chan, Tak, Sharma, Sangeeta, Tunved, Peter, Krejci, Radovan, Hansson, Hans-Christen, Bianchi, Federico, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Weinhold, Kay, Kulmala, Markku, Petäjä, Tuukka, Sipilä, Mikko, Schmale, Julia, and Jokinen, Tuija

Abstract

The Arctic environment is rapidly changing due to accelerated warming in the region. The warming trend is driving a decline in sea ice extent, which thereby enhances feedback loops in the surface energy budget in the Arctic. Arctic aerosols play an important role in the radiative balance and hence the climate response in the region, yet direct observations of aerosols over the Arctic Ocean are limited. In this study, we investigate the annual cycle in the aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and black carbon (BC) mass concentration in the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. This is the first continuous, year-long data set of aerosol PNSD ever collected over the sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean. We use a k-means cluster analysis, FLEXPART simulations, and inverse modeling to evaluate seasonal patterns and the influence of different source regions on the Arctic aerosol population. Furthermore, we compare the aerosol observations to land-based sites across the Arctic, using both long-term measurements and observations during the year of the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020), to investigate interannual variability and to give context to the aerosol characteristics from within the central Arctic. Our analysis identifies that, overall, the central Arctic exhibits typical seasonal patterns of aerosols, including anthropogenic influence from Arctic haze in winter and secondary aerosol processes in summer. The seasonal pattern corresponds to the global radiation, surface air temperature, and timing of sea ice melting/freezing, which drive changes in transport patterns and secondary aerosol processes. In winter, the Norilsk region in Russia/Siberia was the dominant source of Arctic haze signals in the PNSD and BC observations, which contributed to higher accumulation-mode PNC and BC mass concentrations in the central Arctic than at land-based obse

Published
2023
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14. Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, Academy of Finland, University of Helsinki, National Science Foundation (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fundación la Caixa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Tham, Yee Jun [0000-0001-7924-5841], Sarnela, Nina [0000-0003-1874-3235], Iyer, Siddharth [0000-0001-5989-609X], Li, Qinyi [0000-0002-5146-5831], Angot, Hélène [0000-0003-4673-8249], Beck, Lisa J. [0000-0003-3700-5895], Carmona-García, Javier [0000-0001-5359-7240], Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel [0000-0001-6495-2770], Peräkylä, Otso [0000-0002-2089-0106], He, Xu-Cheng [0000-0002-7416-306X], Archer, Stephen D. [0000-0001-6054-2424], Jacobi, Hans-Werner [0000-0003-2230-3136], Junninen, Heikki [0000-0001-7178-9430], Kulmala, Markku [0000-0003-3464-7825], Mahajan, Anoop S. [0000-0002-2909-5432], Massling, Andreas [0000-0001-8046-2798], Skov, Henrik [0000-0003-1167-8696], Francisco, Joseph S. [0000-0002-5461-1486], Schmale, Julia [0000-0002-1048-7962], Jokinen, Tuija [0000-0002-1280-1396], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Tham, Yee Jun, Sarnela, Nina, Iyer, Siddharth, Li, Qinyi, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Beck, Lisa J., Boyer, Matthew, Carmona-García, Javier, Borrego-Sánchez, Ana, Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel, Peräkylä, Otso, Thakur, Roseline C., He, Xu-Cheng, Zha, Qiaozhi, Howard, Dean, Blomquist, Byron, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Posman, Kevin, Hueber, Jacques, Helmig, Detlev, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Junninen, Heikki, Kulmala, Markku, Mahajan, Anoop S., Massling, Andreas, Skov, Henrik, Sipilä, Mikko, Francisco, Joseph S., Schmale, Julia, Jokinen, Tuija, Saiz-Lopez, A., National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, Academy of Finland, University of Helsinki, National Science Foundation (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fundación la Caixa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Tham, Yee Jun [0000-0001-7924-5841], Sarnela, Nina [0000-0003-1874-3235], Iyer, Siddharth [0000-0001-5989-609X], Li, Qinyi [0000-0002-5146-5831], Angot, Hélène [0000-0003-4673-8249], Beck, Lisa J. [0000-0003-3700-5895], Carmona-García, Javier [0000-0001-5359-7240], Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel [0000-0001-6495-2770], Peräkylä, Otso [0000-0002-2089-0106], He, Xu-Cheng [0000-0002-7416-306X], Archer, Stephen D. [0000-0001-6054-2424], Jacobi, Hans-Werner [0000-0003-2230-3136], Junninen, Heikki [0000-0001-7178-9430], Kulmala, Markku [0000-0003-3464-7825], Mahajan, Anoop S. [0000-0002-2909-5432], Massling, Andreas [0000-0001-8046-2798], Skov, Henrik [0000-0003-1167-8696], Francisco, Joseph S. [0000-0002-5461-1486], Schmale, Julia [0000-0002-1048-7962], Jokinen, Tuija [0000-0002-1280-1396], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Tham, Yee Jun, Sarnela, Nina, Iyer, Siddharth, Li, Qinyi, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Beck, Lisa J., Boyer, Matthew, Carmona-García, Javier, Borrego-Sánchez, Ana, Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel, Peräkylä, Otso, Thakur, Roseline C., He, Xu-Cheng, Zha, Qiaozhi, Howard, Dean, Blomquist, Byron, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Posman, Kevin, Hueber, Jacques, Helmig, Detlev, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Junninen, Heikki, Kulmala, Markku, Mahajan, Anoop S., Massling, Andreas, Skov, Henrik, Sipilä, Mikko, Francisco, Joseph S., Schmale, Julia, Jokinen, Tuija, and Saiz-Lopez, A.

Abstract

Chlorine radicals are strong atmospheric oxidants known to play an important role in the depletion of surface ozone and the degradation of methane in the Arctic troposphere. Initial oxidation processes of chlorine produce chlorine oxides, and it has been speculated that the final oxidation steps lead to the formation of chloric (HClO3) and perchloric (HClO4) acids, although these two species have not been detected in the atmosphere. Here, we present atmospheric observations of gas-phase HClO3 and HClO4. Significant levels of HClO3 were observed during springtime at Greenland (Villum Research Station), Ny-Ålesund research station and over the central Arctic Ocean, on-board research vessel Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign, with estimated concentrations up to 7 × 106 molecule cm-3. The increase in HClO3, concomitantly with that in HClO4, was linked to the increase in bromine levels. These observations indicated that bromine chemistry enhances the formation of OClO, which is subsequently oxidized into HClO3 and HClO4 by hydroxyl radicals. HClO3 and HClO4 are not photoactive and therefore their loss through heterogeneous uptake on aerosol and snow surfaces can function as a previously missing atmospheric sink for reactive chlorine, thereby reducing the chlorine-driven oxidation capacity in the Arctic boundary layer. Our study reveals additional chlorine species in the atmosphere, providing further insights into atmospheric chlorine cycling in the polar environment.

Published
2023

15. Modelling the coupled mercury-halogen-ozone cycle in the central Arctic during spring

Author

Université Grenoble Alpes, European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), National Science Foundation (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Academy of Finland, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Canada, German Research Foundation, Ahmed, Shaddy, Thomas, Jennie L., Angot, Hélène, Dommergue, Aurélien, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Benavent, Nuria, Blechschmidt, Anne Marlene, Blomquist, Byron, Boyer, Matthew, Christensen, Jesper H., Dahlke, Sandro, Dastoor, Ashu, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Jacobi, Hans Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Lapere, Rémy, Laurila, Tiia, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Richter, Andreas, Ryjkov, Andrei, Mahajan, Anoop S., Marelle, Louis, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, Posman, Kevin, Rinke, Annette, Saiz-Lopez, A., Schmale, Julia, Skov, Henrik, Steffen, Alexandra, Stupple, Geoff, Stutz, Jochen, Travnikov, Oleg, Zilker, Bianca, Université Grenoble Alpes, European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), National Science Foundation (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Academy of Finland, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Canada, German Research Foundation, Ahmed, Shaddy, Thomas, Jennie L., Angot, Hélène, Dommergue, Aurélien, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Benavent, Nuria, Blechschmidt, Anne Marlene, Blomquist, Byron, Boyer, Matthew, Christensen, Jesper H., Dahlke, Sandro, Dastoor, Ashu, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Jacobi, Hans Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Lapere, Rémy, Laurila, Tiia, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Richter, Andreas, Ryjkov, Andrei, Mahajan, Anoop S., Marelle, Louis, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, Posman, Kevin, Rinke, Annette, Saiz-Lopez, A., Schmale, Julia, Skov, Henrik, Steffen, Alexandra, Stupple, Geoff, Stutz, Jochen, Travnikov, Oleg, and Zilker, Bianca

Abstract

Near-surface mercury and ozone depletion events occur in the lowest part of the atmosphere during Arctic spring. Mercury depletion is the first step in a process that transforms long-lived elemental mercury to more reactive forms within the Arctic that are deposited to the cryosphere, ocean, and other surfaces, which can ultimately get integrated into the Arctic food web. Depletion of both mercury and ozone occur due to the presence of reactive halogen radicals that are released from snow, ice, and aerosols. In this work, we added a detailed description of the Arctic atmospheric mercury cycle to our recently published version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem 4.3.3) that includes Arctic bromine and chlorine chemistry and activation/recycling on snow and aerosols. The major advantage of our modelling approach is the online calculation of bromine concentrations and emission/recycling that is required to simulate the hourly and daily variability of Arctic mercury depletion. We used this model to study coupling between reactive cycling of mercury, ozone, and bromine during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) spring season in 2020 and evaluated results compared to land-based, ship-based, and remote sensing observations. The model predicts that elemental mercury oxidation is driven largely by bromine chemistry and that particulate mercury is the major form of oxidized mercury. The model predicts that the majority (74%) of oxidized mercury deposited to land-based snow is re-emitted to the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury, while a minor fraction (4%) of oxidized mercury that is deposited to sea ice is re-emitted during spring. Our work demonstrates that hourly differences in bromine/ozone chemistry in the atmosphere must be considered to capture the springtime Arctic mercury cycle, including its integration into the cryosphere and ocean.

Published
2023

16. Low ozone dry deposition rates to sea ice during the MOSAiC field campaign: Implications for the Arctic boundary layer ozone budget

Author

Barten, Johannes G.M., Ganzeveld, Laurens N., Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Blomquist, Byron W., Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Boyer, Matthew, Von der Gathen, Peter, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Posman, Kevin M., Quéléver, Lauriane, Schmale, Julia, Shupe, Matthew D., Krol, Maarten C., Barten, Johannes G.M., Ganzeveld, Laurens N., Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Blomquist, Byron W., Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Boyer, Matthew, Von der Gathen, Peter, Helmig, Detlev, Howard, Dean, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Posman, Kevin M., Quéléver, Lauriane, Schmale, Julia, Shupe, Matthew D., and Krol, Maarten C.

Abstract

Dry deposition to the surface is one of the main removal pathways of tropospheric ozone (O3). We quantified for the first time the impact of O3 deposition to the Arctic sea ice on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) O3 concentration and budget using year-round flux and concentration observations from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign and simulations with a single-column atmospheric chemistry and meteorological model (SCM). Based on eddy-covariance O3 surface flux observations, we find a median surface resistance on the order of 20,000 s m−1, resulting in a dry deposition velocity of approximately 0.005 cm s−1. This surface resistance is up to an order of magnitude larger than traditionally used values in many atmospheric chemistry and transport models. The SCM is able to accurately represent the yearly cycle, with maxima above 40 ppb in the winter and minima around 15 ppb at the end of summer. However, the observed springtime ozone depletion events are not captured by the SCM. In winter, the modelled PBL O3 budget is governed by dry deposition at the surface mostly compensated by downward turbulent transport of O3 towards the surface. Advection, which is accounted for implicitly by nudging to reanalysis data, poses a substantial, mostly negative, contribution to the simulated PBL O3 budget in summer. During episodes with low wind speed (

Published
2023

17. A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation: insights from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

Author

European Commission, Academy of Finland, Department of Energy (US), Swiss Polar Institute, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Dall'Osto, Manuel, Beddows, David C. S., Brasseur, Zoé, Beck, Ivo, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Laurila, Tiia, Asmi, Eija, Massling, Andreas, Thomas, Daniel Charles, Nøjgaard, Jacob Klenø, Chan, Tak, Sharma, Sangeeta, Tunved, Peter, Krejci, Radovan, Hansson, Hans-Christien, Bianchi, Federico, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Weinhold, Kay, Kulmala, Markku, Petäjä, Tuukka, Sipilä, Mikko, Schmale, Julia, Jokinen, Tuija, European Commission, Academy of Finland, Department of Energy (US), Swiss Polar Institute, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Dall'Osto, Manuel, Beddows, David C. S., Brasseur, Zoé, Beck, Ivo, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Laurila, Tiia, Asmi, Eija, Massling, Andreas, Thomas, Daniel Charles, Nøjgaard, Jacob Klenø, Chan, Tak, Sharma, Sangeeta, Tunved, Peter, Krejci, Radovan, Hansson, Hans-Christien, Bianchi, Federico, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Weinhold, Kay, Kulmala, Markku, Petäjä, Tuukka, Sipilä, Mikko, Schmale, Julia, and Jokinen, Tuija

Abstract

The Arctic environment is rapidly changing due to accelerated warming in the region. The warming trend is driving a decline in sea ice extent, which thereby enhances feedback loops in the surface energy budget in the Arctic. Arctic aerosols play an important role in the radiative balance and hence the climate response in the region, yet direct observations of aerosols over the Arctic Ocean are limited. In this study, we investigate the annual cycle in the aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and black carbon (BC) mass concentration in the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. This is the first continuous, year-long data set of aerosol PNSD ever collected over the sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean. We use a k-means cluster analysis, FLEXPART simulations, and inverse modeling to evaluate seasonal patterns and the influence of different source regions on the Arctic aerosol population. Furthermore, we compare the aerosol observations to land-based sites across the Arctic, using both long-term measurements and observations during the year of the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020), to investigate interannual variability and to give context to the aerosol characteristics from within the central Arctic. Our analysis identifies that, overall, the central Arctic exhibits typical seasonal patterns of aerosols, including anthropogenic influence from Arctic haze in winter and secondary aerosol processes in summer. The seasonal pattern corresponds to the global radiation, surface air temperature, and timing of sea ice melting/freezing, which drive changes in transport patterns and secondary aerosol processes. In winter, the Norilsk region in Russia/Siberia was the dominant source of Arctic haze signals in the PNSD and BC observations, which contributed to higher accumulation-mode PNC and BC mass concentrations in the central Arctic than at land-based obse

Published
2023

18. Critically important, yet forgotten: thin and transient meltwater layers and false bottoms in the Arctic sea ice pack

Author

Smith, Madison M., Angot, Helene, Chamberlain, Emelia J., Droste, Elise, Karam, Salar, Muilwijk, Morven, Webb, Alison, Archer, Stephen, Beck, Ivo, Blomquist, Byron, Bowman, Jeff, Boyer, Matthew, Bozzato, Deborah, Chierici, Melissa, Creamean, Jessie, D'Angelo, Alessandra, Delille, Bruno, Fer, Ilker, Fong, Allison A., Fransson, Agneta, Fuchs, Niels, Gardner, Jessie, Granskog, Mats A., Hoppe, Clara J. M., Hoppema, Mario, Hoppmann, Mario, Mock, Thomas, Muller, Sofia, Müller, Oliver, Nicolaus, Marcel, Nomura, Daiki, Petäjä, Tuukka, Salganik, Evgenii, Schmale, Julia, Schmidt, Katrin, Schulz, Kirstin, Shupe, Matthew D., Stefels, Jacqueline, Thielke, Linda, Tippenhauer, Sandra, Ulfsbo, Adam, van Leeuwe, Maria, Webster, Melinda, Yoshimura, Masaki, and Zhan, Liyang

Subjects
Arctic, meltwater, interdisciplinary science, sea ice
Abstract

The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but are nevertheless pervasive and critically important in Arctic summer. Observations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in summer 2020 focused on the evolution of such layers and made significant advancements in understanding their role in the coupled Arctic system. Here we provide a review of thin meltwater layers in the Arctic, with emphasis on the new findings from MOSAiC. Both prior and recent observational datasets indicate an intermittent yet long-lasting (weeks to months) meltwater layer in the upper ocean on the order of 0.1 to 1.0 m in thickness, with a large spatial range. The presence of meltwater layers impacts the physical system by reducing bottom ice melt and allowing new ice formation via false bottom growth. Collectively, the meltwater layer and false bottoms reduce atmosphere-ocean exchanges of momentum, energy, and material. The impacts on the coupled Arctic system are far-reaching, including acting as a barrier for nutrient and gas exchange and impacting ecosystem diversity and productivity.

Published
2023
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19. A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation: insights from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

Author

Boyer, Matthew, primary, Aliaga, Diego, additional, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, additional, Angot, Hélène, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Heutte, Benjamin, additional, Dall'Osto, Manuel, additional, Beddows, David C. S., additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Beck, Ivo, additional, Bucci, Silvia, additional, Duetsch, Marina, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Laurila, Tiia, additional, Asmi, Eija, additional, Massling, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Daniel Charles, additional, Nøjgaard, Jakob Klenø, additional, Chan, Tak, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Tunved, Peter, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Hansson, Hans Christen, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Weinhold, Kay, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, and Jokinen, Tuija, additional

Published
2023
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20. Thin and transient meltwater layers and false bottoms in the Arctic sea ice pack—Recent insights on these historically overlooked features

Author

Smith, Madison M., primary, Angot, Hélène, additional, Chamberlain, Emelia J., additional, Droste, Elise S., additional, Karam, Salar, additional, Muilwijk, Morven, additional, Webb, Alison L., additional, Archer, Stephen D., additional, Beck, Ivo, additional, Blomquist, Byron W., additional, Bowman, Jeff, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Bozzato, Deborah, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Creamean, Jessie, additional, D’Angelo, Alessandra, additional, Delille, Bruno, additional, Fer, Ilker, additional, Fong, Allison A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Fuchs, Niels, additional, Gardner, Jessie, additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Hoppe, Clara J. M., additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Mock, Thomas, additional, Muller, Sofia, additional, Müller, Oliver, additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Nomura, Daiki, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Salganik, Evgenii, additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, Schmidt, Katrin, additional, Schulz, Kirstin M., additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Stefels, Jacqueline, additional, Thielke, Linda, additional, Tippenhauer, Sandra, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, van Leeuwe, Maria, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Yoshimura, Masaki, additional, and Zhan, Liyang, additional

Published
2023
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21. Low ozone dry deposition rates to sea ice during the MOSAiC field campaign: Implications for the Arctic boundary layer ozone budget

Author

Barten, Johannes G.M., primary, Ganzeveld, Laurens N., additional, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, additional, Blomquist, Byron W., additional, Angot, Hélène, additional, Archer, Stephen D., additional, Bariteau, Ludovic, additional, Beck, Ivo, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, von der Gathen, Peter, additional, Helmig, Detlev, additional, Howard, Dean, additional, Hueber, Jacques, additional, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Laurila, Tiia, additional, Posman, Kevin M., additional, Quéléver, Lauriane, additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, and Krol, Maarten C., additional

Published
2023
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22. Modelling the coupled mercury-halogen-ozone cycle in the central Arctic during spring

Author

Ahmed, Shaddy, primary, Thomas, Jennie L., additional, Angot, Hélène, additional, Dommergue, Aurélien, additional, Archer, Stephen D., additional, Bariteau, Ludovic, additional, Beck, Ivo, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, additional, Blomquist, Byron, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Christensen, Jesper H., additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, Dastoor, Ashu, additional, Helmig, Detlev, additional, Howard, Dean, additional, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Lapere, Rémy, additional, Laurila, Tiia, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Ryjkov, Andrei, additional, Mahajan, Anoop S., additional, Marelle, Louis, additional, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, additional, Posman, Kevin, additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, Skov, Henrik, additional, Steffen, Alexandra, additional, Stupple, Geoff, additional, Stutz, Jochen, additional, Travnikov, Oleg, additional, and Zilker, Bianca, additional

Published
2023
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23. Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction. Nature Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01018-w

Author

Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop S., Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos A., Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter , Andreas, Serna, Jesús A., Garcia-Nieto, David, Fernandez, Rafael P., Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Pereir, Patric Simões, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci , Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., and Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

Abstract

Cuevas, C.A. Schmale, J. Angot, H. Jokinen, T. Quéléver, L.L.J Blechschmidt, A.-M. Zilker, B. Richter, A. Serna, J.A. Garcia-Nieto, D. Fernandez, R.P. Skov, H. Dumitrascu, A. Pereira, P.S. Abrahamsson, K. Bucci, S. Dütsch, M. Stohl, A. Beck, I. Laurila, T. Blomquist, B. Howard, D. Archer, S Bariteau, L. Helmig, D. Hueber, J. Jacobi, H.-W. Posman, K. Dada, L. Daellenbach, K.R and Saiz-Lopez, A. (2022)

Published
2022
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24. Automated identification of local contamination in remote atmospheric composition time series

Author

Beck, Ivo, primary, Angot, Hélène, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Laurila, Tiia, additional, Lampimäki, Markus, additional, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Gong, Xianda, additional, Gysel-Beer, Martin, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Wang, Jian, additional, and Schmale, Julia, additional

Published
2022
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25. Author Correction: Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds

Author

Creamean, Jessie M, Barry, Kevin, Hill, Thomas CJ, Hume, Carson, DeMott, Paul J, Shupe, Matthew D, Dahlke, Sandro, Willmes, Sascha, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Hoppe, Clara JM, Fong, Allison, Chamberlain, Emelia, Bowman, Jeff, Scharien, Randall, Persson, Ola, Creamean, Jessie M, Barry, Kevin, Hill, Thomas CJ, Hume, Carson, DeMott, Paul J, Shupe, Matthew D, Dahlke, Sandro, Willmes, Sascha, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Hoppe, Clara JM, Fong, Allison, Chamberlain, Emelia, Bowman, Jeff, Scharien, Randall, and Persson, Ola

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 4, in which the y-axis should read “INPs (L−1 of air)” instead of “INPs x 10−3 (L−1 of air)”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Published
2022

26. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition - Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross-cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system

Published
2022

27. Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds

Author

Creamean, Jessie M., Barry, Kevin, Hill, Thomas C. J., Hume, Carson, DeMott, Paul J., Shupe, Matthew D., Dahlke, Sandro, Willmes, Sascha, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Hoppe, Clara J. M., Fong, Allison, Chamberlain, Emelia, Bowman, Jeff, Scharien, Randall, Persson, Ola, Creamean, Jessie M., Barry, Kevin, Hill, Thomas C. J., Hume, Carson, DeMott, Paul J., Shupe, Matthew D., Dahlke, Sandro, Willmes, Sascha, Schmale, Julia, Beck, Ivo, Hoppe, Clara J. M., Fong, Allison, Chamberlain, Emelia, Bowman, Jeff, Scharien, Randall, and Persson, Ola

Abstract

The Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on Earth, prompting glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and sea ice decline. These severe consequences induce feedbacks that contribute to amplified warming, affecting weather and climate globally. Aerosols and clouds play a critical role in regulating radiation reaching the Arctic surface. However, the magnitude of their effects is not adequately quantified, especially in the central Arctic where they impact the energy balance over the sea ice. Specifically, aerosols called ice nucleating particles (INPs) remain understudied yet are necessary for cloud ice production and subsequent changes in cloud lifetime, radiative effects, and precipitation. Here, we report observations of INPs in the central Arctic over a full year, spanning the entire sea ice growth and decline cycle. Further, these observations are size-resolved, affording valuable information on INP sources. Our results reveal a strong seasonality of INPs, with lower concentrations in the winter and spring controlled by transport from lower latitudes, to enhanced concentrations of INPs during the summer melt, likely from marine biological production in local open waters. This comprehensive characterization of INPs will ultimately help inform cloud parameterizations in models of all scales.

Published
2022

28. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew D, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, POG, Schmale, J, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A, Frey, Markus M, Gallagher, Michael R, Ganzeveld, L, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A, Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, POG, Schmale, J, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A, Frey, Markus M, Gallagher, Michael R, Ganzeveld, L, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A, Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross- cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system

Published
2022

29. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition-Atmosphere INTRODUCTION

Author

Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system s

Published
2022

30. Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction

Author

European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Academy of Finland, Ministry of Earth Sciences (India), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, National Science Foundation (US), Ferring Pharmaceuticals, German Research Foundation, Mahajan, Anoop S. [0000-0002-2909-5432], Li, Qinyi [0000-0002-5146-5831], Cuevas, Carlos A. [0000-0002-9251-5460], Schmale, Julia [0000-0002-1048-7962], Angot, Hélène [0000-0003-4673-8249], Richter, Andreas [0000-0003-3339-212X], Fernandez, Rafael P. [0000-0002-4114-5500], Skov, Henrik [0000-0003-1167-8696], Bucci, Silvia [0000-0002-6251-9444], Duetsch, Marina [0000-0002-1128-4198], Stohl, Andreas [0000-0002-2524-5755], Archer, Stephen D. [0000-0001-6054-2424], Dada, Lubna [0000-0003-1105-9043], Daellenbach, Kaspar R. [0000-0003-1246-6396], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop S., Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos A., Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Blechschmidt, Anne Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter, Andreas, Serna, Jesús A., García-Nieto, D., Fernández, Rafael P., Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Simões Pereira, Patric, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., Saiz-Lopez, A., European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Academy of Finland, Ministry of Earth Sciences (India), Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Polar Institute, National Science Foundation (US), Ferring Pharmaceuticals, German Research Foundation, Mahajan, Anoop S. [0000-0002-2909-5432], Li, Qinyi [0000-0002-5146-5831], Cuevas, Carlos A. [0000-0002-9251-5460], Schmale, Julia [0000-0002-1048-7962], Angot, Hélène [0000-0003-4673-8249], Richter, Andreas [0000-0003-3339-212X], Fernandez, Rafael P. [0000-0002-4114-5500], Skov, Henrik [0000-0003-1167-8696], Bucci, Silvia [0000-0002-6251-9444], Duetsch, Marina [0000-0002-1128-4198], Stohl, Andreas [0000-0002-2524-5755], Archer, Stephen D. [0000-0001-6054-2424], Dada, Lubna [0000-0003-1105-9043], Daellenbach, Kaspar R. [0000-0003-1246-6396], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop S., Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos A., Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Blechschmidt, Anne Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter, Andreas, Serna, Jesús A., García-Nieto, D., Fernández, Rafael P., Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Simões Pereira, Patric, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., and Saiz-Lopez, A.

Abstract

Unlike bromine, the effect of iodine chemistry on the Arctic surface ozone budget is poorly constrained. We present ship-based measurements of halogen oxides in the high Arctic boundary layer from the sunlit period of March to October 2020 and show that iodine enhances springtime tropospheric ozone depletion. We find that chemical reactions between iodine and ozone are the second highest contributor to ozone loss over the study period, after ozone photolysis-initiated loss and ahead of bromine.

Published
2022

31. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Ola, P, Persson, G, Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Lè Ne Angot, Hé, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison, Frey, Markus, Gallagher, Michael, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Line Heuzé, Cé, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri, Preusser, Andreas, Qué Lé Ver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von Der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, Zhouqing, Yue, Fange, Jourdan, Olivier, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Arctic, Field campaign, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.

Published
2022

32. A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation: Insights from the MOSAiC expedition.

Author

Boyer, Matthew, Aliaga, Diego, Pernov, Jakob Boyd, Angot, Hélène, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Dada, Lubna, Heutte, Benjamin, Dall'Osto, Manuel, Beddows, David C. S., Brasseur, Zoé, Beck, Ivo, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Laurila, Tiia, Asmi, Eija, Massling, Andreas, Thomas, Daniel Charles, Nøjgaard, Jakob Klenø, and Tak Chan

Abstract

The Arctic environment is rapidly changing due to accelerated warming in the region. The warming trend is driving a decline in sea ice extent, which thereby enhances feedback loops in the surface energy budget in the Arctic. Arctic aerosols play an important role in the radiative balance, and hence the climate response, in the region; yet direct observations of aerosols over the Arctic Ocean are limited. In this study, we investigate the annual cycle in the aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and black carbon (BC) mass concentration in the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. This is the first continuous, year-long dataset of aerosol PNSD ever collected over the sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean. We use a k-means cluster analysis, FLEXPART simulations, and inverse modeling to evaluate seasonal patterns and the influence of different source regions on the Arctic aerosol population. Furthermore, we compare the aerosol observations to land-based sites across the Arctic, using both long-term measurements and observations during the year of the MOSAiC expedition (2019 - 2020), to investigate interannual variability and to give context to the aerosol characteristics from within the central Arctic. Our analysis identifies that, overall, the central Arctic exhibits typical seasonal patterns of aerosols, including anthropogenic influence from Arctic Haze in winter and secondary aerosol processes in summer. The seasonal pattern corresponds with the global radiation, surface air temperature, and the timing of sea ice melting/freezing, which drives changes in transport patterns and secondary aerosol processes. In winter, the Norilsk region in Russia/Siberia was the dominant source of Arctic Haze signal in the PNSD and BC observations, which contributed to higher accumulation mode PNC and BC mass concentration in the central Arctic than at land-based observatories. We also show that the wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) phenomenon, which was reported to achieve a record-breaking positive phase during January - March 2020, explains the unusual timing and magnitude of Arctic Haze across the Arctic region compared to longer-term observations. In summer, the PNC of nucleation and Aitken mode aerosol is enhanced, but concentrations were notably lower in the central Arctic over the ice pack than at land-based sites further south. The analysis presented herein provides a current snapshot of Arctic aerosol processes in an environment that is characterized by rapid changes, which will be crucial for improving climate model predictions, understanding linkages between different environmental processes, and investigating the impacts of climate change in future Arctic aerosol studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Impact of warm air mass intrusions on atmospheric chemistry and microphysics: Observations during MOSAiC

Author

Schmale, Julia, Dada, Lubna, Beck, Ivo, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane, and Laurila, Tiia

Abstract

Arctic winter is dominated by anthropogenic haze, while pollution transport from mid-latitudes decreases in summertime. As a result, aerosol concentrations reach a maximum in winter and drop to minimum in summer. What happens during the season transition, i.e., during spring, is less studied owing to the difficulty of performing measurements in the high Arctic at this time of year. Warm air mass intrusions are characteristic for springtime and they are harbingers of change, from a dry stable atmosphere to a more dynamic one with precipitation. Such air mass intrusions have been studied from a meteorological and thermodynamic perspective but not yet in full detail from a chemical one. Here, we present first results on microphysical and chemical properties of the Arctic air from observations of warm air mass intrusions during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in April 2020. A full suite of state-of-the-art instrumentation (trace gases concentration, aerosol number size distribution, aerosol mass composition, cloud condensation nuclei) was deployed on the bow of the research vessel Polarstern as part of the MOSAiC expedition for a comprehensive characterization of the chemical and microphysical state of the Arctic atmosphere. In this study, we aim to disentangle the effects of warm air mass intrusions on trace gases concentration as well as on aerosol number, mass and composition. During the first major intrusion episode (April 15 to 16, 2020), ambient temperature increased from -30 oC to roughly 0 oC within 48 hours. The relatively ‘cold’ period in early April was characterized by stagnant northerly winds, hence aged and dry Arctic air masses, where a very stable accumulation mode composed of sulfate and organics with traces of halogens was measured. With the arrival of southerly air masses, the particle number size distribution started featuring several modes and increased concentrations as well as particle growth. Moreover, the trace gas and particle chemical composition significantly changed, featuring methane sulfonic acid in the gas phase and ammonium in the particle phase. Warm air intrusions were also systematically associated with regular ozone levels (non-depleted) which is in line with the absence of halogen signature in particles.

34. Year-round trace gas measurements in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Angot, Hélène, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo Fabio, Boyer, Matthew, Crotwell, Molly, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jokinen, Tuija, Kulmala, Markku, Lan, Xin, Laurila, Tiia, Madronich, Monica, Neff, Donald, Petäjä, Tuukka, Posman, Kevin, Quéléver, Lauriane, Shupe, Matthew, Vimont, Isaac, and Schmale, Julia

Abstract

Despite the key role of the Arctic in the global Earth system, year-round in-situ atmospheric composition observations within the Arctic are sparse and mostly rely on measurements at ground-based coastal stations. Measurements of a suite of in-situ trace gases were performed in the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. These observations give a comprehensive picture of year-round near-surface atmospheric abundances of key greenhouse and trace gases, i.e., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide, elemental mercury, and selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Redundancy in certain measurements supported continuity and permitted cross-evaluation and validation of the data. This paper gives an overview of the trace gas measurements conducted during MOSAiC and highlights the high quality of the monitoring activities. In addition, in the case of redundant measurements, merged datasets are provided and recommended for further use by the scientific community.

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