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Shahrokh Amiri,1 Elham Esmaeili,2 Firooz Salehpour,3 Farhad Mirzaei,4 Habibeh Barzegar,5 Aysan Mohammad Namdar,6 Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani7 1Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Psychiatry, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; 4Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5Health Psychology, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 6Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 7Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Homayoun Sadeghi-BazarganiRoad Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave, Tabriz, IranTel +989144027218Email Homayoun.sadeghi@gmail.comPurpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is one of the psychological problems that can increase the risk of accidents and trauma, especially head trauma. Recent studies have reported the frequency of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among trauma patients. Adult AD0HD has been reported in trauma patients. In the present study, we hypothesized that adult ADHD was more common among head trauma patients following an accident compared to a group without trauma.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 230 patients with head injuries and 460 non-trauma patients were selected. The adult Connors self-report screening scale (CAARS-SV) was used to screen for ADHD. Three subscales as subscale A (attention deficit index), subscale B (hyperactivity index) and subscale D (ADHD index) were evaluated between the two groups. Using linear multiple regression analysis, the effect of group, age, gender, and socioeconomic variables on ADHD scores was evaluated.Results: The total frequency of adult ADHD was 9.5%, which was equal to 1.6% in the trauma group and 9.5% in the non-trauma group. The experimental group had more drivers as the job (11.7% vs 3.7%, P< 0.001) compared to the control group. Of the Connors subscales, only the D subscale was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (6.35 6 5.11 vs 51.72 4 72.4, P=0.003). The prevalence of ADHD in patients with head trauma and non-trauma head injury was 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.9). Linear regression analysis showed that the subscale D only had a significant relationship with group and age. However, by entering variables in logistic regression analysis, it was observed that only the age variable was significant in the presence of other variables.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the frequency of adult ADHD in trauma patients, as a screening diagnosis, was not found to be higher than non-traumatic patients.Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, adults, head trauma, traumatic brain injury

In the theory of S-acts, there exists a plethora of compelling findings that establish connections between regularity in a monoid S and injectivity (as well as other notions derived from injectivity) of Sacts. In this paper, we introduce the notion of strongly regular elements in a hypermonoid as a generalization of regular elements in a monoid and extend several classic results to hypermonoids and GHS-acts over hypermonoids. Particularly, we show that a hypermonoid S is strongly regular and injective GHS-act if and only if all right hyperideals of S are C-injective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores generalized hyper S-acts (GHS-acts) over a hypermonoid S as generalizations of monoid acts within the context of algebraic hyperstructures. Specifically, we extend the definition of C-injectivity to GHS-acts and investigate their internal and homological properties. It is established that to determine the GHS-injectivity of GHS-acts with a fixed element, we only need to consider the inclusions of cyclic GHS-subacts into indecomposable ones. Additionally, we introduce the concepts of semiinjectivity and semi-C-injectivity and give some characterizations of these types of injectivity for quotients of SS. It is demonstrated that, in contrast to the case of ordinary acts over monoids, cyclic GHS-acts are not necessarily a quotient of SS, and injectivity and semi-injectivity do not coincide in the category of GHS-acts with a fixed element. Among other things, we also show that all pure GHS-acts are injective if and only if all pure cyclic GHS-acts are C-injective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 30,000. Osteoarticular manifestations are common feature of WD and mainly involve osteopenia, osteoporosis, and arthropathy. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of abnormal mineral density in a group of children with WD and evaluate if it is rational to recommend screening in pre-transplantation workups. Methods: This study included all the children with a confirmed diagnosis of WD, followed at Nemazee Hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2016 and 2018. The researchers also excluded patients with other underlying diseases, abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D, or those who used other medications leading to osteoporosis. Bone mineral content (BMC)/Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS-BMD) was performed for all included patients with DXA scans. Results: Evaluation of z-scores showed osteopenia in 40% and osteoporosis in 53.33% of the patients. There was no significant association between the z-score values and cirrhosis in WD patients (P=0.559). There was a significant correlation between the value of z-scores with weight (P=0.007) and BMI (P=0.001) in patients with WD. Conclusion: The results suggest that WD is intrinsically associated with osteoporosis. Also, patients with WD are at risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, and screening for evaluation of bone mineral density and prophylactic supplementation may be logical, especially for those who are candidates for liver transplant due to the probability of deterioration of osteopathy in the first few months after liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to disadvantages of synthetic packaging materials such as migration into food, polluting of environment, difficulty of recovery, high costs of raw materials and production, also for development of properties of starch based edible film, in this study nanocomposite films from starch and montmorillonite (MMT) fabricated and their properties investigated. In this regard, nanocomposite films formulated by mixing starch and four levels of nanoclay (0, 1, 3 and 5%) and three different concentrations of glycerol (20, 30 and 40%), then the physical and mechanical properties of film measured and appropriate film selected. 5% nano-clay could improve tension resistance (38%) and moisture permeability (33%). The results from XRD showed that nanoclay s spread evenly in starch polymer. The effects of ultrasound waves on the optimum film were investigated. These waves improve mechanical properties and permeability of films remarkably. 30 minutes was the best time of ultrasounication processing. Results showed that optimum nanocomposite of starch-nanoclay could be used as a biodegradable suitable packaging for preserving food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Baer Criterion for injectivity is true for modules over a ring with an identity, it is an open problem for acts over a semigroup S (with or without identity). In this work, we study a kind of Baer Criterion for injectivity of acts over a semigroup S. We consider a kind of weak injectivity which we call s -completeness and give some conditions under which s-completeness coincides with injectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffalo meat is naturally perishable, making it susceptible to spoilage due to its high moisture content and vulnerability to microbial contamination. Edible coatings have attracted attention as a packaging method that can prolong the shelf life of meat. The study aimed to examine the impact of a combination of Lepidium sativum mucilage (LS) coating and propolis extract (PE) on prolonging the shelf life of buffalo meat. The chemical characteristics (chemical compounds, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity) and antimicrobial activity of the PE (disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration) were investigated. The effect of the PE on the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Biological properties of LS (TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect (pour plate method)) was investigated. Different concentrations of PE (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%) were added to the coating mixture containing LS, and their effects on extending the shelf life of buffalo meat samples stored at 4°C for 9 days were assessed. The PE included gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, 4-3 dimethoxy cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, myricetin, caffeic acid, luteolin, chlorogenic acid, and apigenin. The PE was determined to have a TPC of 36.67 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g and a TFC of 48.02 ± 0.65 mg QE/g. The extract's radical scavenging activity ranged from 0 to 76.22% for DPPH radicals and from 0 to 50.31% for ABTS radicals. The viability of C115 HeLa cell was observed to be 94.14 μg/mL. The PE and LS, exhibited strong antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria. The LS was determined to have a TPC of 15.23 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g and a TFC of 11.51± 0.61 mg QE/g. The LS was determined to have a DPPH of 429.65 ± 1.28 μg/mL and a ABTS of 403.59 ± 1.46 μg/mL. The microbiological analysis revealed that the LS+2.5%PE treatment was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of total viable count (6.23 vs. 8.00 log CFU/g), psychrotrophic bacteria count (3.71 vs. 4.73 log CFU/g), coliforms count (2.78 vs. 3.70 log CFU/g), and fungi count (2.39 vs. 3.93 log CFU/g) compared to the control sample. The addition of PE to the edible coating also demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect on preserving the moisture, pH, color, and hardness of the buffalo meat. Sensory evaluation results suggested that incorporating PE into the edible coating extended the shelf life of buffalo meat by three days. In the second stage of this paper, this investigation employed two distinct forecasting methodologies: the Radial Basis Function (RBF) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM), to predict a range of quality indicators for coated meat products. Upon comparison, the RBF model exhibited a higher level of accuracy, showcasing its exceptional capacity to closely match the experimental outcomes. Therefore, this type of food coating, renowned for its strong antimicrobial properties, has the potential to effectively package and preserve perishable and delicate food items, such as meat., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Majdi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Key Clinical Message: Giant chorioangiomas, despite being rare, pose significant fetal and maternal risks. Timely and individualized treatment plans are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality when fetal compromise occurs. Additionally, successful conservative management relies on consistent ultrasound monitoring, Doppler flowmetry assessments, and amniotic fluid level measurements., Abstract: Chorioangiomas are benign placental tumors that manifest in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Giant chorioangiomas, characterized by tumors exceeding 4 cm, are exceptionally rare and pose substantial risks to maternal and fetal health. This case report details a patient with multiple giant chorioangiomas, emphasizing the rarity and consequential complications associated with these tumors. A 23-year-old woman, G3P2, at 28 weeks gestational age, was diagnosed with multiple large, well-defined placental masses with increased vascularity, indicative of giant placental chorioangiomas. Subsequent ultrasound revealed various fetal anomalies such as cleft palate and lip, as well as lung and heart abnormalities. At 34 +5  weeks of gestation, an emergency cesarean section was performed due to preeclampsia. Subsequently, a female neonate was born with hydrops fetalis. Unfortunately, she passed away within the first hour of her life. Complications associated with chorioangiomas primarily arise from arteriovenous shunts, which potentially lead to compromised fetal perfusion and cardiac failure. Although small-sized chorioangiomas are often discovered incidentally, Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can reliably distinguish these tumors from other placental lesions. Additionally, management strategies tailored to gestational age and maternal-fetal symptoms typically necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. However, additional research is essential to understand the mechanisms of chorioangiomas and to develop comprehensive management guidelines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Exchange transfusion due to hyperbilirubinemia is performed in neonates with signs of encephalopathy or if the level of bilirubin is more than the exchange threshold and not responding to intensive phototherapy. Bilirubin passage through the blood-brain barrier can cause injury to different sites of the brain and may have long-life effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neonates who underwent exchange transfusion and investigated their developmental problems. By recognizing their developmental delay, we can recommend screening time and early occupational therapy if needed., Methods and Material: This is a retrospective study on neonates who underwent exchange transfusion due to hyperbilirubinemia in Namazi and Hafez hospitals, in Shiraz, Iran, between 2016 and 2021. The exclusion criteria were the unwillingness of the parents to participate in the study or incomplete data. Children who died were also excluded from the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. Children were invited to the clinic for examination, and development was assessed by Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ). All neonates had done auditory brainstem response. The result was obtained. Quantitative data are reported as mean standard deviation (SD) and qualitative data with frequency and percentage. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used, and the P value was significant below 0.05., Results: Eighty-seven neonates were enrolled. Forty-nine (56.3%) were female, and 38 (43.7%) were male. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency was the most prevalent hematologic cause of hyperbilirubinemia (23%). Auditory disorder, speech disorder, motor disorder, and encephalopathy were seen in four (4.6%), two (2.3%), three (3.4%), and four infants (4.6%), respectively., Conclusion: Bilirubin neurotoxicity can cause developmental impairment including auditory, speech, and motor disorders besides encephalopathy. Early recognition and proper early intervention can lead to better outcomes for the child, family, and society., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common type of leukemia in children. Although prognostic and diagnostic tests of AML patients have improved, there is still a great demand for new reliable clinical biomarkers for AML. Read-through fusion transcripts (RTFTs) are complex transcripts of adjacent genes whose molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This is the first report of the presence of the PPP1R1B::STARD3 fusion transcript in an AML patient. Here, we investigated the presence of PPP1R1B::STARD3 RTFT in a case of AML using paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)., Case Presentation: A Persian 12-year-old male was admitted to Dr. Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, in September 2019 with the following symptoms, including fever, convulsions, hemorrhage, and bone pain. The patient was diagnosed with AML (non-M3-FAB subtype) based on cell morphologies and immunophenotypical features. Chromosomal analysis using the G-banding technique revealed t (9;22) (q34;q13)., Conclusions: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis suggested that the PPP1R1B promoter may be responsible for the PPP1R1B::STARD3 expression. Alterations in the level of lipid metabolites implicate cancer development, and this fusion can play a crucial role in the cholesterol movement in cancer cells. PPP1R1B::STARD3 may be considered a candidate for targeted therapies of the cholesterol metabolic and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Exchange transfusion (ET) is an effective treatment for acute bilirubin encephalopathy and extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (ENH). It can reduce mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the trends and risk factors of ENH requiring ET in hospitalized neonates in Iran., Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of neonates who underwent ET due to ENH was conducted from 2011 to 2021, in Shiraz, Iran. Clinical records were used to gather demographic and laboratory data. The quantitative data were expressed as mean±SD, and qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentage. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: During the study, 377 ETs were performed for 329 patients. The annual rate of ET decreased by 71.2% during the study period. The most common risk factor of ENH was glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (35%), followed by prematurity (13.06%), ABO hemolytic disease (7.6%), sepsis (6.4%), Rh hemolytic disease (6.08%), and minor blood group incompatibility (3.34%). In 28.52% of the cases, the cause of ENH was not identified. 17 (5.1%) neonates had acute bilirubin encephalopathy, of whom 6 (35.29%) had G6PD deficiency, 6 (35.29%) had ABO incompatibility, and 2 (11.76%) had Rh incompatibility., Conclusion: Although the rate of ET occurrence has decreased, it seems necessary to consider different risk factors and appropriate guidelines for early identification and management of neonates at risk of ENH should be developed. The findings of the study highlighted the important risk factors of ENH in southern Iran, allowing for the development of appropriate prevention strategies., Competing Interests: None declared., (Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Large elastic deformations of gravitating cylindrical bodies play a significant role in everyday life. On the other hand, tiny such deformations are relevant for state-of-the art experiments, as they affect the physical properties of materials under consideration, impacting wave propagation. This is of key importance for a recently planned experiment to explore the influence of the gravitational field on entangled photons propagating in waveguides. The purpose of this work is to determine this influence., Methods: We use the methods of linear elasticity, including thermoelasticity, to determine the stresses and strains of the medium. For this, the symmetry of the cylinder allows us to solve the problem by using Mitchell's solutions of the equations satisfied by the Airy functions. The boundary conditions are implemented by an approximation of the Hertz contact method., Results: We calculate the displacements, the stresses and strains for several classes of boundary conditions, and give explicit solutions for a number of physically motivated configurations. The influence of the resulting deformations on the planned GRAVITES experiment is determined., Conclusions: The results are relevant for fiber interferometry experiments sensitive to the effects of the gravitational field on photon propagation. Our calculations give stringent bounds on the environmental variables, which need to be controlled in such experiments., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Barzegar H et al.)

Background: Considering the impact of psychiatric disorders on the productivity of individuals and society's economy, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1282 employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The required data were collected by trained psychologists using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). In this process, psychiatric disorders were considered dependent variables, and demographic variables as independent variables. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and Binary logistic regression in Stata version 17., Results: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among employees was 14.12%, 12.48%, and 3.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GAD in women was significantly higher than men (17.06% vs. 10.02%, P <0.001). The prevalence of GAD was 42.86%, 15.97%, 13.49%, and 16.67 in widowed, single, married, and divorced employees, respectively ( P =0.016). The prevalence of MDD in women was significantly higher than men (16.59% vs. 7.64%, P <0.001). The prevalence of MDD was 16.3%, 11.2%, 9.6%, and 8.56% in employees with Bachelor's, Associate, Master's degree, and High school diploma, respectively ( P =0.009)., Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of GAD and MDD among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, strengthening counseling centers in the university and encouraging employees to participate in these centers, and examining them in terms of mental health help identify people at risk of mental disorders in time and provide counseling services to these people., (© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn manifesting with refractory and severe cyanosis is the consequence of high pulmonary vascular resistance causing extrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. Acidosis and hypoxemia produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn occurs due to numerous disorders and has been rarely reported as a manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia. We report a newborn with methylmalonic acidemia who presented with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn., Case Presentation: A 1-day-old Iranian girl presented with respiratory distress and refractory metabolic acidosis. She was born at 39 + 5 weeks gestational age with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 in the 1st and 5th minutes, respectively, and was in good condition up to 10 hours of life. After that, she presented with cyanosis, tachypnea, retraction, and hypotonia. Despite receiving oxygen, she had low oxygen saturation. Echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunt through patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale. Her acidosis worsened despite receiving full support and medical therapy. So, she was started on peritoneal dialysis. Unfortunately, she did not respond to treatment, and after she had died, biochemical tests confirmed methylmalonic acidemia., Conclusion: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a very rare manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia. Severe inborn errors of metabolism may cause irreversible damage with adverse lifelong morbidity, and early diagnosis may help to prevent such complications. Furthermore, diagnosis of these disorders aids in prenatal diagnosis through the use of cultured amniocytes or chorionic villi to detect gene mutations, as well as biochemical analyses of amniotic fluid for subsequent pregnancies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective method for medication and nutrition infusion in preterm neonates. The present study aimed to identify the incidence of the most common complications of PICC implantation and evaluate the risk factors of each complication., Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 2500 neonates with birth weights (BWs)≥500 g and gestational age (GA)>24 weeks who had a history of PICC inserted in three NICUs between August 2015 and August 2018. Data were collected by reviewing medical records. Demographic data and indices of catheter placement, duration of catheter placement, and common complications were recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS-21., Results: The median cubital vein had the most PICC placement (43%). The most common complication was tip malposition (48.2%). The incidence rates (95% CI) of the main complications such as malposition, edema/occlusion, and PICC migration were 0.0356 (0.0337-0.0377), 0.0134 (0.0122-0.0147), and 0.0088 (0.0079-0.0099), respectively. PICC insertion position was the strongest predictor of malposition for the cephalic vein. Besides, the incidence of malformation in the cephalic vein was about six times higher than in the median cubital vein. Independent risk factors for non-technical complications included BW (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79), administration of hyperosmolar medications (OR=3.43, 95% CI 2.62-4.51), position (OR=2.43, 95% CI 1.92- 3.08), and duration of catheter presence (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) ( P <0.001)., Conclusion: The most common complication was malposition related to catheter placement in an emergency. Moreover, BW, administration of hyperosmolar medications, and duration of catheter presence were the most critical risk factors for non-technical complications. Therefore, it is recommended to educate the PICC insertion team to reduce tip malposition and replace long-term catheters., (© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Yogurt is a popular dairy product and its consumption has been progressively growing over the past few decades by raising consumers' health-consciousness. As yogurt is growing in popularity, manufacturers are continuously seeking for bioactive components such as probiotics and prebiotics, to produce functional yogurt with more beneficial health effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Malva neglecta (MN, 0, 5, 10 and 15%) and lactulose (0, 1 and 2%) as prebiotic substances on survival of Lactobacillus fermentum in a half-fat synbiotic stirred yogurt. The results revealed that with increasing MN and lactulose concentrations, the count of Lb. fermentum significantly increased ( p  < 0.05). At the end of 21-day cold storage, the count of probiotics in yogurt sample having 2% lactulose and 10-15% MN significantly was higher than control (8.37-8.4 vs. 7.73 Log cfu/g). With increasing the amount of MN and lactulose, firmness and chewiness of yogurt samples decreased while adhesiveness increased ( p  < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy assessment shown that addition of MN and lactulose resulted in a higher moisture retention in the void spaces. The results revealed that by incorporating lactulose and MN in yogurt formulation, an appropriate synbiotic yogurt could be produced as a novel functional product., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe author(s) declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Background: Giant umbilical cord, defined as a cord diameter of more than 5 cm, is an extremely rare malformation. There are few case reports of giant umbilical cord often associated with patent urachus duct or cystic malformation. These cases are usually managed by surgical excision and repair of patent urachus or cyst resection., Case Presentation: We report the case of a 1-day-old Iranian boy with giant umbilical cord detected postnatally. The pregnancy course was uneventful, except for preterm premature rupture of the membrane and preterm delivery. There was no relevant family history. The patient was delivered by vaginal delivery with a good Apgar score. On clinical examination, the umbilical cord was very thick (about 6 cm in diameter), and huge fluctuating Wharton's jelly was observed. Other organs were normal. During the hospital stay, the patient did not develop any complications except borderline hyperbilirubinemia, which improved with conventional phototherapy. Since the umbilical cord had no discharge and was dried, the newborn was discharged with advice for cord drying care., Conclusion: The newborn was well, and the dried umbilical stump was detached after 32 days, leaving a granulomatous structure without discharge. The patient was followed up for 4.5 months and had no problems except delayed separation of the umbilical cord., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

In this paper, the original SIR model is improved by considering a new compartment, representing the hospitalization of critical cases. A system of differential equations with four blocks is developed to analyze the treatment of severe cases in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The outgoing rate of the infected individuals who survive is divided into nI and [Formula: see text] where the second term represents the transition rate of critical cases that are hospitalized in ICU. The findings demonstrate the existence of forward, backward and Hopf bifurcations in various ranges of parameters., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Developing biodegradable polymers to fabricate filtration membranes is one of the main challenges of membrane science and technology. Cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, due to their excellent film-forming property, high chemical and mechanical stability, high hydrophilicity, eco-friendly, and suitable cost, are extensively used in water and wastewater treatment, gas separation, and energy generation purposes. The CA is one of the first materials used to fabricate filtration membranes. However, in the last decade, the possibility of modification of CA to improve permeability and stability has attracted the researcher's attention again. This review is focused on the properties of cellulose derivatives and especially CA membranes in the fabrication of polymeric separation membranes in various applications such as filtration, gas separation, adsorption, and ion exchange membranes. Firstly, a brief introduction of CA properties and used molecular weights in the fabrication of membranes will be presented. After that, different configurations of CA membranes will be outlined, and the performance of CA membranes in several applications and configurations as the main polymer and as an additive in the fabrication of other polymer-based membranes will be discussed., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Nowadays, the tendency toward the application of natural preservatives to extent the shelf life of food products has grown. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the basil seed mucilage (BSM)-based edible coating containing different concentrations of Mentha pulegium essential oil (MPEO) on the shelf life of the veal stored at refrigerator temperature. Firstly, the chemical composition and functional groups of MPEO were detected through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, the BSM-based edible coatings containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% MPEO were prepared, and the veal samples were coated with them. The physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during the 9-day storage period at 4°C. Twenty-five compounds were detected in MPEO with limonene being the major one (28.44%). The results revealed that the lightness, hardness, and moisture content of the samples decreased during storage. The coating containing the essential oil could properly restrain the rise in pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). Based on microbial analyses, the shelf life of the coated sample without the essential oil and those containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the essential oil were, respectively, extended up to 3, 6, 9, 9, and 9 days relative to the control. Moreover, the coating containing the essential oil produced no unfavorable effect on the sensory properties of the meat samples. In conclusion, the BSM-based edible coating containing different concentrations of MPEO can be applied as a natural preservative to enhance the resistance of meat products against microbial spoilage and fat oxidation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background and Aim: Thromboembolic events mainly occur in older age is related with high morbidity and mortality, and considerable health-care costs particularly in developing countries. Both arterial and venous thromboembolism has known risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, major surgery, central catheter. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of thrombotic events and related risk factors in a group of Iranian patients., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients (n = 99) who were complicated by thrombotic events referred to the Hematology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were investigated from 2015 to 2017, in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Data were collected from their medical records by a designed data gathering form., Results: The median age of the occurrence of thrombosis was 51 (IQR: 31) years. From all thrombotic events 52.5% occurred in females. Venous thrombosis was more prevalent than arterial (61.6% vs. 38.4%). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were the most associated disease with thrombosis. Most of the patients (79.8%) had no episodes of relapse and the occurrence of relapse had no significant relationship with thrombophilia and underlying disease. Acceptable response rate for warfarin therapy was achieved in 46.5% with 5 mg and 43.4% with 5-7.5 mg., Conclusion: Knowing the frequency and risk factors for thrombotic events lead to timely diagnosis and management of thrombosis. Atrial fibrillation and valvular rheumatic heart disease are the most common risk factors of thrombosis in our study showing prophylaxis is necessary in high-risk patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The objective of this study was to investigate probiotic, antimicrobial, technological and safety properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from local Iranian cheese made from raw milk. Six different samples were prepared, after serial dilution, culture was performed on MRS culture medium. The gram-positive and catalase-negative lactobacillus strains were subjected to grouping and identifying using biochemical tests, carbohydrates fermentation profiles, and 16S rDNA analysis. The results of sequence analysis showed the Lactobacillus spp. belonged to Lactobacillus brevis , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei . After 3 hr incubation at pH=2, 3-6 log units of strains decreased which Lactobacillus acidophilus (B14) and Lactobacillus brevis (B2) showed highest resistance to low pH as well as simulated GIT juices. The highest and lowest hydrophobicity degree was belonged to L. acidophilus (B14) (65.9%) and L. casei (B22) (25.6%), respectively. Also, the highest auto-aggregation and coaggregation were observed in L. acidophilus (B14) (51.3%) and L . plantarum (B20) (43.6%). The adhered percentage of strains varied from 2.5% to 14.6%. L. plantarum (B20) showed highest proteolytic activity followed by L. acidophilus (B14). Also, the highest autolytic activity belonged to L. acidophilus (B14). All of the strains showed low acidifying potential, except for L . acidophilus (B17) which decreased 2.05 unit of pH after 24 hr. The isolates did not show lipolytic activity as well as biogenic amines production (except L. brevis B3). All of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and erythromycin except L. acidophilus (B15) and L. casei (B22). All strains showed no hemolysis activity which make them safe for consumption. Based on the obtained results, L . acidophilus (B14) presented the best probiotic and technological characteristics and is proposed for using as coculture in the dairy industrial., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Given the high perishability of pomegranate arils, edible antimicrobial coating will enhance their shelf life and maintain their marketability. An antimicrobial coating was prepared using 1% (w/v) soluble part of Persian gum (PG) and different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% (v/v)) of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) to extend the shelf life of pomegranate arils. Microbiological, chemical, physical, and sensorial characteristics of coated and uncoated samples were evaluated at 7-day intervals. Total anthocyanin (TAN), titrable acidity (TA), and ascorbic acid showed a decreasing trend, during the whole period of the storage. TAN, TA, and ascorbic acid decreased from 119.8 to 44.5 mg/L, 1.6% to 1.37%, and 682 to 140 mg/L, respectively. Firmness increased during the storage time, while total soluble solids (TSS, around 17.4 °Brix) and total phenolic compounds (TP, around 14.21 mg/100 ml) showed no significant changes with CEO concentrations. Coatings containing 0.5% and 0.75% CEO significantly prevented fungal growth on the samples at least for 3 weeks and 3 months, respectively. Optimization proved that 1-week cold storage and 0.43% CEO could dramatically meet 80% of the research targets including maximum nutritional quality and freshness, as well preventing microbial spoilage. It was concluded that coating the pomegranate arils by PG and selecting an appropriate concentration of the CEO could considerably increase shelf life, marketability, and nutritional quality of pomegranate arils at a suitable and acceptable level., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the most important carcinogenic viruses genetically related to the human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2). The virus infects type B lymphocytes and creates lymph glands tumors. Recently, the association between the presence of this virus and breast cancer has been addressed in humans. Here, we studied the prevalence of BLV in the samples of raw milk of native Iranian and Iranian-foreign cows in traditional, semi-industrial and industrial dairy farms in rural and urban areas of Zanjan province. Raw milk samples of cows were collected manually in sterile tubes. The samples were tested by nested-PCR method. Forty samples (9.93%) out of 403 samples showed BLV contamination. In this study, nested-PCR was successfully applied to determine the level of contamination in raw milk samples from cows infected with BLV. Furthermore, a relatively high rate of BLV infection was found in dairy cows in Zanjan province, northwestern of Iran., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2021 Urmia University. All rights reserved.)

Background: Orbital mucormycosis is a rare but potentially severe and troublesome invasive fungal infection that could be occurred even in healthy individuals. The initial clinical presentation is similar to bacterial pre-septal or septal cellulitis, especially in early stages., Case Presentation: Herein, we describe the successful management of a series of five cases presenting with orbital mucormycosis in previously healthy children., Conclusions: Orbital mucormycosis is extremely rare in healthy children and maybe life-threatening when diagnosis delayed given a similar clinical presentation with bacterial septal cellulitis. Intravenous antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and timely surgical drainage is live-saving.

Background: In older adults, depression symptoms may be masked by physical complaints and be even attributed to the natural aging process, which may be resulted in improper diagnosis. Native-language scales can be highly effective in the detection of depressive disorders. In this study we attempted to assess the reliability and validity of the Azeri Turkish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Methods: In this psychometric study, the GDS and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV(SCID) questionnaires were administered to a sample of 387 older adults (60 years and older)from the member households of Tabriz health centers. The English version of GDS was translated into Azeri Turkish. Translation-back translation process was conducted. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, and the test-retest method was used to calculate reliability. Results: The mean age of participants was 69.30. The area under the ROC curve for the scores higher than five was 0.832 and for the scores equal to ten and above was 0.871. The sensitivity and specificity for the scores higher than five were 90.9% and 73.4%, respectively. The reliability of this scale was confirmed based on intraclass coefficient (ICC) = 0.79. Conclusion : The Azeri Turkish version of GDS was found with appropriate levels of validity and reliability., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

The instability and strong flavor or odor of essential oils (EO) limit their direct incorporation into food products. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial Heracleum lasiopetalum essential oil (HLEO) was added to Lepidium sativum seed mucilage (LSSM) solution at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) to develop a novel edible coating and expand its food application. HLEO-loaded LSSM coating was then used to improve the shelf life and quality of beef as a model food system. The coated and control beef samples were periodically analyzed for physicochemical analysis, microbiological, and sensory characteristics over a period of 9 days at 4 °C. The HLEO-enriched LSSM coating, particularly 1.5% loaded one resulted in a significant ( p  <  0.05 ) increase in oxidative and microbiological stability and overall acceptance of the beef samples, compared to the control counterpart. HLEO-loaded LSSM coating, therefore, provides a promising alternative to preserve the meat products under cold storage., (© The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.)

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders with high mortality rates. A large financial burden is imposed on the families and health systems of countries in addition to the problems related to the disabilities caused by the disease for the patients. Extensive research is being conducted on the disease, including studies seeking possible relationships between some biomarkers such as uric acid and stroke., Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 stroke patients at Babol Ayatollah Rohani Hospital during 2015-2016. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels were measured and recorded at admission time. Patients' demographic data as well as the stroke type and some of their risk factors were entered in a checklist. The data were analyzed by SPSS.v.23 using chi-square and logistic regression tests. P < 0.05 was considered as significant in all analyses., Results: Of the total 170 included patients, 57% had normal, 25% had low, and the remaining patients (18%) had high SUA levels. There was no significant difference in SUA levels in different types of stroke in both genders. Diabetic ischemic embolic patients had higher levels of SUA than diabetic ischemic thrombotic cases. Patients with low magnesium levels had higher rate of low levels of SUA in ischemic stroke., Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels are not associated with stroke types and gender. Diabetic embolic ischemic stroke cases had high SUA levels than thrombotic types and in ischemic stroke patients with low serum levels of magnesium, SUA levels were also lower.

Purpose: Hemodialysis is the common kidney replacement therapy in Iran. Doing an adequate and effective dialysis can improve patients' quality of life and reduce kidney failure complications. Additionally, dialysis quality is an important factor in reducing mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure. This systematic review has investigated the adequacy of dialysis in studies done on hemodialysis patients of Iran., Materials and Methods: All articles related to the dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients in English and Farsi (contemporary Persian) were identified by searching the related keywords in various electronic databases. According to the inclusion criteria 21 studies were identified. The results were analyzed using Stata software version 11., Results: A number of 6677 patients had been enrolled in 21 studies that were chosen for this systematic review. Based on the random effects model, the overall dialysis adequacy (KT/V) (K: clearance of urea, T: duration of dialysis, V: distribution of urea) more than 1.2 and confidence interval were 36.3% and 46.2-26.4, respectively. Also, based on random effects model more than 65% urea reduction ratio in all studies was 28.8% and the confidence interval was 43.3-14.4., Conclusion: KT/V and urea reduction ratio were much less desirable in hemodialysis patients and the dialysis quality was also undesirable. It seems that inadequate dialysis prescription, use of inappropriate filters, low pump speed (blood flow speed), and the short duration and few times of dialysis are the major causes of this inadequacy.&nbsp.

Many nanotechnological applications, using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), are only possible with a uniform product. Thus, direct control over the product during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of SWNT is desirable, and much effort has been made towards the ultimate goal of chirality-controlled growth of SWNTs. We have used density functional theory (DFT) to compute the stability of SWNT fragments of all chiralities in the series representing the targeted products for such applications, which we compare to the chiralities of the actual CVD products from all properly analyzed experiments. From this comparison we find that in 84% of the cases the experimental product represents chiralities among the most stable SWNT fragments (within 0.2 eV) from the computations. Our analysis shows that the diameter of the SWNT product is governed by the well-known relation to size of the catalytic nanoparticles, and the specific chirality is normally determined by the product's relative stability, suggesting thermodynamic control at the early stage of product formation. Based on our findings, we discuss the effect of other experimental parameters on the chirality of the product. Furthermore, we highlight the possibility to produce any tube chirality in the context of recent published work on seeded-controlled growth.