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The magnetically frustrated manganese nitride antiperovskite family displays significant changes of entropy under changes in hydrostatic pressure near a first-order antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition that can be useful for the emerging field of solid-state barocaloric cooling. In previous studies, the transition hysteresis has significantly reduced the reversible barocaloric effects (BCE). Here we show that the transition hysteresis can be tailored through quaternary alloying in the Mn3Cu$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$N system. We find the magnitude of hysteresis is minimised when Cu and Sn are equiatomic (x = 0.5) reaching values far less than previously found for Mn3AN ($A = $ Pd, Ni, Ga, Zn), whilst retaining entropy changes of the same order of magnitude. These results demonstrate that reversible BCE are achievable for p

Introduction: Management of Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) re-quires co- treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the use of an- tibiotics to achieve successful eradicationAims & Methods: To evaluate the role of PPIs in the eradication of H. py-lori, based on the “European Registry onHelicobacter pylori Management” (Hp- EuReg).The Hp-EuReg is a multicentre, prospective, non-interventional, registry assessing decisions and outcomes of H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists in routine clinical practice. Countries recruiting more than 1, 000 patients were included. Effectiveness was assessed by modi- fied intention-to-treat (mITT). Data were quality reviewed.Results: Overall, 22, 078 patients from 5 countries were analysed. Optimal (»90%) first-line mITT effectiveness was achieved with the following treatments: 14-day clarithromycin- amoxicillin- bismuth quadruple therapy, and 14- day metronidazole-tetracycline-bismuth quadruple therapy, both inde-pendently of the PPI dose prescribed ; in all 10- or 14-day therapies with high-dose PPIs (except with standard 10-day triple therapy) ; in 10-day se-quential and 10- day quadruple clarithromycin-amoxicillin- bismuth, and 10-day quadruple metronidazole- tetracycline- bismuth with standard-dose PPIs. None of the 7-day therapies achieved optimal cure rates re-gardless of the PPI dose used. The PPI dose was significantly associated with the effectiveness of: 10- or 14- day standard triple and quadruple con-comitant therapies, and 10-day quadruple sequential and metronidazole-tetracycline-bismuth therapies. Table 1 details the mITT effectiveness by duration and PPI dose used.Conclusion: In first-lineH. pylori treatment, ≥90% effectiveness is obtained with standard-dose PPIs in 10-day sequential and 10- or 14-day bismuth quadruple therapies and with high-dose PPIs in all 10- or 14-day therapies except with standard 10-day triple therapy.

Antibiotic misuse in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) can lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic-triggered side effects, hospital costs, and mortality. We performed a multicenter, prospective study, analyzing critically ill pediatric patients (=1 month to =18 years) admitted to 26 Spanish PICUs over a 3-month period each year (1 April-30 June) from 2014-2019. To make comparisons and evaluate the influence of AMS programs on antibiotic use in PICUs, the analysis was divided into two periods: 2014-2016 and 2017-2019 (once 84% of the units had incorporated an AMS program). A total of 11,260 pediatric patients were included. Total antibiotic prescriptions numbered 15,448 and, overall, 8354 patients (74.2%) received at least one antibiotic. Comparing the two periods, an increase was detected in the number of days without antibiotics in patients who received them divided by the number of days in PICUs, for community-acquired infections (p < 0.001) and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) acquired in PICUs (p < 0.001). Antibiotics were empirical in 7720 infections (85.6%), with an increase in appropriate antibiotic indications during the second period (p < 0.001). The main indication for antibiotic adjustment was de-escalation, increasing in the second period (p = 0.045). Despite the high rate of antibiotic use in PICUs, our results showed a significant increase in appropriate antibiotic use and adjustment following the implementation of AMS programs.

The uptake of the current concept of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the public, physicians and health authorities is low. Physicians still mix up CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. In a recent manuscript, only 23% of participants in a cohort of persons with CKD had been diagnosed by their physicians as having CKD while 29% has a diagnosis of cancer and 82% had a diagnosis of hypertension. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. A prevalent view is that for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is ``solved'' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, the main burden of CKD is accelerated aging and all-cause and cardiovascular premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal COVID-19 and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Moreover, men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality which is 10-100-fold higher than similar age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by around 40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 and the second cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when 1 in 4 Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded CIBER network research structure in Spain. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network REDINREN have now applied for the RICORS call of collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, ALCER and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true. However, only the highest level of research funding through the CIBER will allow to adequately address the issue before it is too late. (C) 2021 Sociedad Espanola de Nefrologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

2021 Iberian Vacuum Meeting. 2021 RIVA will take place ON-LINE from 4-6th October 2021. .- info@aseva.es, The intercalation of Li in graphite has attracted much interest due to the application in energy storage in batteries [1]. One system where the intercalation process can be followed under detailed atomic control is the intercalation of Li on graphene on metal substrates. In this work, Li metal has been deposited at room temperature on the surfaceof a Ru(0001) single crystal containing patches of ML-thick epitaxial graphene islands. The use of low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) allowed us to track the process in-situ by continuous work function measurements. We further study the Li adsoprtion in real and reciprocal space, comparing the changes taking place on the graphene with those on the clean Ru(0001) surface [2]. It is found that Li deposition decreases the work function of the graphene islands but to a much smaller degree as compared to Ru(0001), suggesting that it intercalates into the graphene. For this system, the reduction of the work function is so strong that it becomes possible to perform photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) using a visible-light laser. This allowed us to study both the intercalation and thedesorption of Li upon heating the substrate.

Abdominal wall pain, specifically ACNES syndrome (Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syn drome), is part of the differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain. This syndrome is frequently overlooked and therefore underdiagnosed.To describe the clinical and evolutionary cha racteristics of patients diagnosed with ACNES and to draw attention to this pathology.A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in a reference center, between October 2016 and July 2021, in patients under 17 years of age, diagnosed with ACNES, who met at least two of four of the following findings: Carnett's sign, Pinch test, dysesthesia at the point of maximum pain, improvement after infiltration of local anesthetic, having ruled out visceral or functional abdo minal pathology. Epidemiological variables, symptoms, physical examination, complementary tests, treatment, and evolution data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used.20 patients diagnosed with ACNES, 75% women, median age 12.85 years. The abdominal examination revea led Carnett's sign in 95%, Pinch test sign in 65%, and dysesthesia in 90% of patients. 65% reported pseudovisceral symptoms. 7 patients were overweight or obese. The most frequent location (50%) was the right iliac fossa, at T10-T11 level. One patient reported spontaneous improvement; 7 impro ved with oral analgesia; 9 patients were referred to the pain unit, of which 5 attended, and improved with anesthetic infiltration with bupivacaine-triamcinolone. The remaining 4 were lost to follow-up.ACNES should be considered in patients with chronic pain. A combination of typical findings in medical history and physical examination allows its diagnosis, therefore, avoiding unne cessary complementary tests. A step-up treatment strategy should be applied, beginning with oral analgesia, followed by anesthetic infiltration, and, finally, anterior neurectomy.

Background: Traditional clinical trials are conducted at investigator sites. Participants must visit healthcare facilities several times for the trial procedures. Decentralized clinical trials offer an interesting alternative. They use telemedicine and other technological solutions (apps, monitoring devices or web platforms) to decrease the number of visits to study sites, minimise the impact on daily routine, and decrease geographical barriers for participants. Not much information is available on the use of decentralization in randomized clinical trials with vaccines. Methods: A hybrid clinical trial may be assisted by parental recording of symptoms using electronic log diaries in combination with home collected nasal swabs. During two influenza seasons, children aged 12 to 35 months with a history of recurrent acute respiratory infections were recruited in 12 primary health centers of the Valencia Region in Spain. Parents completed a symptom diary through an ad hoc mobile app that subsequently assessed whether it was an acute respiratory infection and requested collection of a nasal swab. Feasibility was measured using the percentage of returned electronic diaries and the validity of nasal swabs collected during the influenza season. Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time PCR. Results: Ninety-nine toddlers were enrolled. Parents completed 10,476 electronic diaries out of the 10,804 requested (97%). The mobile app detected 188 potential acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and requested a nasal swab. In 173 (92%) ARI episodes a swab was taken. 165 (95.4%) of these swabs were collected at home and 144 (87.3%) of them were considered valid for laboratory testing. Overall, 152 (81%) of the ARIs detected in the study had its corresponding valid sample collected. Conclusions: Hybrid procedures used in this clinical trial with the influenza vaccine in toddlers were considered adequate, as we diagnosed most of the ARI cases on time, and had a valid swab in 81% of the cases. Hybrid clinical trials improve participant adherence to the study procedures and could improve recruitment and quality of life of the participants and the research team by decreasing the number of visits to the investigator site. This report emphasises that the conduct of hybrid CTs is a valid alternative to traditional CTs with vaccines. This hybrid CT achieved high adherence of participant to the study procedures.

©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in [Glycobiology]. To access the final edited and published work see[https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwab087] Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) include 150 disorders constituting in genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases, showing significant glycoprotein hypoglycosylation that leads to pathological consequences on multiple organs and systems whose underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. A few cellular and animal models have been used to study specific CDG characteristics, although they have given limited information due to the few CDG mutations tested and the still missing comprehensive molecular and cellular basic research. Here, we provide specific gene expression profiles, based on ribonucleic acid (RNA) microarray analysis, together with some biochemical and cellular characteristics of a total of nine control Epstein– Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (B-LCL) and 13 CDG B-LCL from patients carrying severe mutations in the phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) gene, strong serum protein hypoglycosylation and neurological symptoms. Significantly dysregulated genes in PMM2-CDG cells included those regulating stress responses, transcription factors, glycosylation, motility, cell junction and, importantly, those related to development and neuronal differentiation and synapse, such as carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and ADAM23. PMM2-CDG-associated biological consequences involved the unfolded protein response, RNA metabolism and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria components. Changes in the transcriptional and CA2 protein levels are consistent with the CDG physiopathology. These results demonstrate the global transcriptional impact in phosphomannomutase 2-deficient cells, reveal CA2 as a potential cellular biomarker and confirm B-LCL as an advantageous model for CDG studies.

La investigación describe el proceso de creación de un producto innovador para la comunicación científica: el Video Artículo Multimedia Interactivo. El resultado es un producto piloto basado en el formato IMRyD que supone una alternativa al artículo de investigación tradicional. The study explains the creative process to compose an innovative scientific communication product: Interactive Multimedia Video Article. The result is a pilot product based on the IMRaD research format and represents an alternative to the traditional research article., {"references":["Abraham, G. (2020). The importance of science communication. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 9, 3-4 doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-020-00613-w","APA. (2010). Manual of the american psychological association. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.","Arcila-Calderón, C., Calderín-Cruz, M., & Sánchez-Holgado, P. (2019). Adopción de redes sociales por revistas científicas de ciencias sociales. 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Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared. Results Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5-11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4-9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5-8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group. Conclusions MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients.

El dolor de pared abdominal, y concretamente el síndrome de ACNES (Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome), forma parte del diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal crónico. Este síndrome es poco conocido y por consiguiente infradiagnosticado. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y evolutivas de pacientes diagnosticados de ACNES y llamar la atención sobre esta patología. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en un centro de referencia, entre octubre 2016 y julio de 2021, en pacientes menores 17 años, diagnosticados de ACNES, que cumpliesen al menos dos de cuatro hallazgos siguientes: signo de Carnett, Pinch test, disestesias en el punto de máximo dolor, mejoría tras infiltración de anestésico local, habiéndose descartado patología abdominal visceral o funcional. Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, síntomas, exploración física, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento y evolución. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: 20 pacientes diagnosticados de ACNES, 75% mujeres, mediana de edad 12,85 años. Se objetivó signo de Carnett en 95%, signo de Pinch test en 65% y disestesias en 90% de los pacientes. 65% refirió síntomas pseudoviscerales. 7 pacientes presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. La localización más frecuente (50%) fue la fosa ilíaca derecha, a nivel T10-T11. Un paciente refirió mejoría espontánea; 7 mejoraron con analgesia oral; 9 fueron derivados a la Unidad del Dolor, de los cuales acudieron 5, los que mejoraron con infiltración anestésica con bupivacaína-triamcinolona; los 4 restantes perdieron seguimiento. Conclusión: El ACNES debe ser considerado en pacientes con dolor abdominal crónico. La combinación de hallazgos típicos en la historia y el examen físico permiten su diagnóstico, evitando pruebas complementarias innecesarias. El tratamiento debe ser escalonado, comenzando por analgesia oral, seguido de infiltración anestésica y, por último, neurectomía anterior.