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Central Bangka Regency is one of central orange production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. One of the important pests of sweet orange plants is fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This research aimed to study the diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on sweet orange plantations in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The fruit flies were collected using Lynfield traps which installed in three villages producing sweet oranges in Central Bangka Regency. The types of attractants used to trap male fruit flies are methyl eugenol and cue lure. The fruit flies collected during the study were 4795 individuals, 3 genera, and 14 species. Fruit flies collected from the methyl eugenol were different compared to those collected using lure attractant trap. Most species (13 species) of fruit fly were found in Terentang village, and the rest was same (9 species). Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis were the dominant fruit fly species in the three research locations., Kabupaten Bangka Tengah merupakan salah satu kabupaten penghasil jeruk manis di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Salah satu hama penting tanaman jeruk manis adalah lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman Lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) di pertanaman jeruk manis di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung. Lalat buah dikoleksi dengan perangkap Lynfield trap yang dipasang di tiga desa penghasil jeruk manis di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Jenis atraktan yang digunakan untuk memerangkap lalat buah jantan yaitu metil eugenol dan cue lure. Lalat buah yang terkoleksi selama penelitian sebanyak 4795 individu, 3 genus, dan 14 spesies. Lalat buah yang dikoleksi dari perangkap atraktan metil eugenol teridentifikasi berbeda dengan lalat buah yang terperangkap dengan atraktan cue lure. Spesies lalat buah paling banyak ditemukan di desa Terentang sebanyak 13 spesies, dan di desa lain masing-masing ditemukan 9 spesies lalat buah. Bactrocera carambolae dan B. dorsalis merupakan spesies lalat buah dominan di tiga lokasi penelitian.

Diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: tephritidae) attracted by me lure in CSG-BG germplasm carambolae plantation. Germplasm Garden (KPN) Cibinong Science Center-Botanical Garden (CSC-BG) is one of the gardens that conserve and utilizes Indonesian local germplasm, one of which is carambolae. The current problem in KPN is the attack of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.). This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fruit flies in the KPN carambola plantation area. A total of eight traps were placed randomly in the plantation area. Each trap contained 1 mL of methyl eugenol pheromone solution. Identification of fruit flies was carried out based on three morphological differences, they were wings, abdomen, and hind legs. There were 317 fruit flies collected and separated into three species, namely Bactrocera carambolae, B. papayae, dan B. umbrosa, of which B. carambolae had a dominance index of 0.74 and abundance index of 85%. Data on the types of fruit flies can be used as primary data to determine the preparation of pest prevention efforts.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994: 11; Norrbom et al., 1998: 89; Drew & Romig, 2013: 61. Holotype in BMNH. Common name: Carambola Fruit Fly. Definition: Face fulvous with a pair of medium-sized oval black spots; postpronotal lobes and notopleura yellow; scutum black with pale lateral margins; broad parallel-sided lateral postsutural yellow vittae ending at or behind ia. seta; medial postsutural yellow vitta absent; anepisternal (mesopleural) stripe reaching midway between anterior margin of notopleuron and anterior npl. seta dorsally; scutellum yellow with a narrow dark basal band; legs with femora fulvous and with a large preapical dark spot on outer surface of fore femora in some specimens, tibiae dark fuscous; wing with cells bc and c colourless, microtrichia in outer corner of call c only, a narrow fuscous costal band overlapping R 2+3 and expanding slightly beyond apex of this vein across apex of R 4+5, a narrow fuscous anal streak, supernumerary lobe of medium development; abdominal terga III-V orange-brown with a dark ‘T’ pattern consisting of a narrow transverse band across anterior margin of tergum III that widens to cover lateral margins, a medium width medial longitudinal band over all three terga, a dark rectangular pattern on anterolateral corners of tergum IV, anterolateral corners of tergum V dark fuscous, ceromata on tergum V orange-brown, abdominal sterna dark fuscous to black. Distribution: Andaman Islands, Southern Thailand, Southern Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, East Malaysia, Indonesia. Adventive in French Guyana, Guyana, Surinam and NE Brazil. Recently recorded from Cambodia and Bangladesh (Leblanc et al., 2015; 2019). Hosts: A major pest species with a preference for Averrhoa carambola L. See Allwood et al. (1999) for recorded host plants. The host range in Surinam and Guyana, a region into which B. carambolae was introduced, matches that recorded in South-East Asia (van Sauers-Muller, 2005). Attractant: Methyl eugenol. Comments: Generally, B. carambolae can be separated from the other dorsalis complex pest species in possessing the costal band broader apically and a broad medial longitudinal black band on abdominal terga III-V. Based on the mitochondrial genes COI and ND5, B. carambolae is separate from B. dorsalis, B. occipitalis and B. papayae (Drew & Romig, 2013). It also possesses distinct chemical components in the male pheromones (Drew & Hancock, 1994)., Published as part of Drew, R. A. I. & Hancock, D. L., 2022, Biogeography, Speciation and Taxonomy within the genus Bactrocera Macquart with application to the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex of fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae: Dacinae), pp. 333-360 in Zootaxa 5190 (3) on pages 346-347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5190.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7138151, {"references":["Drew, R. A. I. & Hancock, D. L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement 2, i - iii + 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1367426900000278","Norrbom, A. L., Carroll, L. E., Thompson, F. C., White, I. M. & Freidberg, A. (1998) Systematic database of names. In: Thompson, F. C., (Ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9, 65 - 251.","Drew, R. A. I. & Romig, M. C. (2013) Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 653 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781780640358.0000","Leblanc, L., San Jose, M., Barr, N. & Rubinoff, D. (2015) A phylogenetic assessment of the polymorphic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys, 540, 339 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 540.9786","Allwood, A. J., Chinajariyawong A., Drew R. A. I., Hamacek, E. L., Hancock, D. L., Hengsawad, C., Jipanin, J. C., Jirasurat, M., Kong Krong, C., Kritsaneepaiboon, S., Leong, C. T. S. & Vijaysegaran, S. (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7, 1 - 92.","van Sauers-Muller, A. (2005) Host plants of the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Suriname, South America. Neotropical Entomology, 34 (2), 203 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2005000200008"]}

This study aimed to record the entry of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the state of Amapá, Brazil, and discuss the possible reasons for its non-establishment. Fruit sampling was carried out in three municipalities (Macapá, Porto Grande and Santana) and fruits from other units of the federation were purchased at marketing points in Macapá. A survey was also carried out with McPhail and Jackson traps in four municipalities (Macapá, Mazagão, Porto Grande and Santana). Specimens of C. capitata were captured in McPhail and Jackson traps in the municipalities of Macapá and Santana. Specimens were also obtained from guavas from the state of São Paulo, acquired in a commercial establishment in Macapá. We argued that the low incidence of C. capitata and its non-establishment in the region may be due to unfavorable climatic conditions for the species. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo registrar el ingreso de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) en el Estado de Amapá y discutir las posibles razones de su no establecimiento. Fueron realizados muestreos de frutas en tres municipios (Macapá, Porto Grande y Santana) y se compraron frutas de otras unidades de la federación en puntos de comercialización en Macapá. También fue realizado un muestreo con trampas McPhail y Jackson en cuatro municipios (Macapá, Mazagão, Porto Grande y Santana). Especímenes de C. capitata fueron capturados en trampas McPhail y Jackson en los municipios de Macapá y Santana. También fueron obtenidos especímenes a partir de guayabas procedentes del estado de São Paulo, adquiridos en establecimientos comerciales de Macapá. Se argumenta que la baja incidencia de C. capitata y su no establecimiento en la región puede relacionarse a las condiciones climáticas desfavorables para la especie. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de registrar a entrada de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado do Amapá, Brasil, e discutir os possíveis motivos para o seu não estabelecimento. Foram realizadas amostragens de frutos em três municípios (Macapá, Porto Grande e Santana) e em pontos de comercialização de Macapá foram adquiridos frutos oriundos de outras unidades da federação. Também foi realizado levantamento com armadilhas McPhail e Jackson em quatro municípios (Macapá, Mazagão, Porto Grande e Santana). Espécimes de C. capitata foram capturados em armadilhas tipo McPhail e Jackson nos municípios de Macapá e Santana. Também foram obtidos espécimes a partir de goiabas procedentes do estado de São Paulo, adquiridas em estabelecimento comercial de Macapá. Argumenta-se que a baixa incidência de C. capitata e o seu não estabelecimento na região podem ser decorrentes das condições climáticas desfavoráveis à espécie.

The depth of the pupation is one of the important factors in the success of fruit flies to become imago. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil depth on survival, normality dan development time of adult interspecific hybrids of Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and B. dorsalis (Hendel). The experiments were carried out in a laboratory consisting of seven depths of pupation treatments (4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm) with four replications. Soil depth had a significant, negative effect on the survival of the emergence and development time of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae hybrids. The emergence rate was found to decrease with the increase in pupation depth. The higher survival of the emergence of the hybrid occurred at a depth of 4 cm (95% ± 1.91) and 10 cm (86% ± 2.58), while the lower survival occurred at a depth of 50 cm (12% ± 1.63) and 60 cm (5% ± 3.79). Normal imagoes were found in all soil depths except in 60 cm depth, where all imagoes had abnormal morphology. Means of development time ranged from 8.88 to 10.63 days. The depth of pupation influences the duration of pupae development. The means of development time at a depth of 4–40 cm was similar, but at a depth of 50 cm and 60 cm, a significantly longer time of development were observed. for more effective fruit fly control, this study suggests burying rotten fruit in the soil at a depth of 50 cm or more as a preventive measure for the development of fruit flies.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de registrar a entrada de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado do Amapá, Brasil, e discutir os possíveis motivos para o seu não estabelecimento. Foram realizadas amostragens de frutos em três municípios (Macapá, Porto Grande e Santana) e em pontos de comercialização de Macapá foram adquiridos frutos oriundos de outras unidades da federação. Também foi realizado levantamento com armadilhas McPhail e Jackson em quatro municípios (Macapá, Mazagão, Porto Grande e Santana). Espécimes de C. capitata foram capturados em armadilhas tipo McPhail e Jackson nos municípios de Macapá e Santana. Também foram obtidos espécimes a partir de goiabas procedentes do estado de São Paulo, adquiridas em estabelecimento comercial de Macapá. Argumenta-se que a baixa incidência de C. capitata e o seu não estabelecimento na região podem ser decorrentes das condições climáticas desfavoráveis à espécie. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T10:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2022-Ceratitis-capitata-no-Amapa.pdf: 399476 bytes, checksum: 96311269a18056b79277c0923e51daed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew and Hancock, 1994 Figure 4 Distribution. Malaysia (Peninsular, East), Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, India (Andaman Island), Vietnam (Drew and Romig 2013), Cambodia (Leblanc et al. 2016), Bangladesh (Leblanc et al. 2019b). Introduced in French Guiana, Surinam (Drew and Hancock 1994), and Guyana (Norrbom et al. 1999). Bangladesh records. 172 specimens. CHATTOGRAM DIVISION: Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar, and Khagrachari Hill Districts. SYLHET DIVISION: Habiganj District. Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Host plants. This polyphagous fruit pest infests 100 host taxa in 58 genera and 38 families (Allwood et al. 1999; Liquido et al. 2016b)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, Hossain, M. Aftab, Momen, Mahfuza & Seheli, Kajla, 2021, New country records, annotated checklist and key to the dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) of Bangladesh, pp. 1-56 in Insecta Mundi 2021 (880) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352282, {"references":["Drew RAI, Hancock DL. 1994. The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research. Supplement Series 2: 1 - 68.","Drew RAI, Romig MC. 2013. Tropical fruit flies of South-East Asia. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 655 p.","Leblanc L, San Jose M, Wright MG, Rubinoff D. 2016. Declines in biodiversity and the abundance of pest species across land use gradients in Southeast Asia. Landscape Ecology 31: 505 - 516.","Leblanc L, Hossain MA, Doorenweerd C, Khan SA, Momen M, San Jose M, Rubinoff D. 2019 b. Six years of fruit fly surveys in Bangladesh: a new species, 33 new country records and recent discovery of the highly invasive Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 876: 87 - 109.","Norrbom AL, Carroll LE, Thompson FC, White IM, Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. p. 65 - 251. In: Thompson FC (ed.). Fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database. Myia (1998) Vol. 9, 524 p., and Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1.","Allwood AJ, Chinajariyawong A, Drew RAI, Hamacek EL, Hancock DL, Hengsawad C, Jipanin JC, Jirasurat M, Kong Krong C, Kritsaeneepaiboon S, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Liquido NJ, McQuate GT, Nakamichi KA, Kurashima RS, Birnbaum AL, Hanlin MA. 2016 b. Provisional list of suitable host plants of carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1. 1. Available at USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI), Edition 3. 0, https: // coffhi. cphst. org /. (Last accessed March 2021.)"]}

Lalat buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai. Kelimpahan dan dominansi spesies lalat buah di pertanaman cabai masih terbatas informasinya, khususnya di Pulau Bangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan dominansi spesies lalat buah yang terdapat di area pertanaman cabai. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kebun cabai yang berlokasi di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka. Koleksi lalat buah dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap steiner yang diberi metil eugenol dan pada tiap lokasi dipasang empat buah perangkap. Perangkap dipasang pada pagi (06.00-10.00 WIB), siang (10.00-14.00 WIB), dan sore (14.00-18.00 WIB). Lalat buah yang diperoleh dari perangkap telah teridentifikasi sebagai Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis, dan Bactrocera umbrosa. Total lalat buah yang tertangkap selama penelitian adalah 899 individu, dengan kelimpahan lalat buah Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis, dan Bactrocera umbrosa berturut-turut yaitu 251, 546, dan 102 individu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lalat buah Bactrocera dorsalis merupakan spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi dan dominan pada pertanaman cabai di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka.

Os insetos-praga representam uma importante fonte de perdas agrícolas em todo o globo. Situação que é maximizada pela introdução de espécies fora da sua área natural de ocorrência, levando os países a elaborarem listas de quarentena a fim de proteger sua produção interna e não comprometerem suas exportações de produtos agrícolas. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa busca revisar e analisar o potencial invasivo e riscos da Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock 1994 (Diptera:Tephritidae), importante praga da fruticultura mundial e praga quarentenária presente no Brasil. Bactrocera carambolae é uma espécie de mosca-das-frutas oriunda do sudeste asiático e que infesta uma grande diversidade de frutíferas, tanto nativas, como de interesse econômico. No Brasil, seu registro inicial é datado de 1996 no estado do Amapá, e atualmente além desse estado, foi reportada nos estados do Pará e Roraima. No país já infesta 21 hospedeiros, entre eles acerola, carambola, caju, goiaba, manga e tangerina, e apresenta potencial de adentrar mercados agrícolas importantes, como o polo de fruticultura irrigada do Vale do São Francisco. Bactrocera carambolae representa sérios riscos para a fruticultura brasileira, principalmente pela potencial exclusão de mercados para exportação de frutas. Dessa forma, ações de controle e erradicação dessa praga precisam ser mantidas e aperfeiçoadas, buscando-se evitar severos danos socioeconômicos para a cadeia produtiva de frutas no Brasil.

Males of the Carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) are strongly attracted to, and feed on methyl eugenol (ME) that exists as a plant secondary compound in over 480 plant species worldwide. Upon feeding on this highly potent attractant, the males convert ME into a phenylpropanoid, (E)-coniferyl alcohol (ECF), that is stored in the rectal gland prior to its release as a sex pheromone component during calling and courtship. Here, using a series of chemical and behavioural assays, we provide evidence for the presence of ECF in the hemolymph and suggest the latter’s involvement in transport of ECF to the male rectal gland following consumption of ME. The greatest concentration of ECF was detected in the hemolymph at 3 h after feeding on ME and subsequently decreased, whereas accumulation of ECF in the rectal gland reached a maximum at 2 days post-feeding. Using male flies as biodetectors, fractions of 1.5–9.2 kDa from fractionated hemolymph of ME-fed males were found to be attractive and contained ECF as sex pheromone. In addition, the significant increase in the total concentration of protein in hemolymph from ME-fed males compared with that of ME-deprived males suggests a direct protein carrier involvement in hemolymph transport of the sex pheromone in B. carambolae. All these results are further discussed in comparison with previous results obtained from its sibling species, the Oriental fruit fly—B. dorsalis.

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock é uma espécie exótica considerada praga quarentenária presente no Brasil, com distribuição restrita aos estados de Amapá e Roraima. O conhecimento dos diferentes aspectos da sua biologia nas condições brasileiras ainda é limitado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a fecundidade e longevidade de fêmeas de B. carambolae, obtidas em dieta artificial, em condições de laboratório. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Amapá, onde foram selecionados 20 casais de B. carambolae recém-emergidos, da geração F3. Cada casal foi acondicionado em uma gaiola de plástico contendo dieta alimentar, água destilada e um dispositivo artificial de oviposição e mantidas em sala climatizada (26 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% U. R. e fotofase 12 h). Diariamente era realizada a contagem dos ovos depositados em cada dispositivo. O período de sobrevivência apresentou média de 90,70 ± 9,97 dias e longevidade máxima de 150 dias. A duração média do período pré-oviposição foi 25,15 ± 3,54 dias e do período de oviposição foi 62,73 ± 7,84 dias. A fecundidade foi variável ao longo do tempo, apresentando pico de oviposição no 28º dia. O número médio de ovos por fêmea foi 1.088,26 ± 167,82. Esses resultados sugerem que B. carambolae parece utilizar a alta fecundidade e a longevidade como estratégia reprodutiva.

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), native of Southeast Asia, is present in Brazil but restricted to Amapá, Pará and Roraima, where it has quarantine pest status. The possible dispersion to other fruit producing regions of Brazil could cause damages, including for exportation, due to quarantine restrictions imposed by fruit importing countries. The objective of this work was to describe the biological parameters and calculate the fertility life table of B. carambolae on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The mean number of punctures and the mean number of eggs per female on grapes were 1.48 ± 0.05 and 9.87 ± 0.36, respectively. The mean number puparia per fruit was 0.1 ± 0.02 (grape) and 0.5 ± 0.10 (acerola). The pupal viability was 82.4% (grape) and 70.6% (acerola). The mean time ± SE of one generation, in days, was 25.8 ± 1.10 (grape) and 19.7 ± 0.21 (acerola). The mean fecundity was 1663.8 ± 501.01 (grape) and 206.9 ± 26.21 (acerola) with eggs viability of 5.6% (grape) and 12.5% (acerola). The mean longevity, in days, was 77.3 ± 12.13 on grape and 82.4 ± 4.24 on acerola. The study found that B. carambolae completes its biological cycle on grape and on acerola leaving offspring. © 2019 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-30T18:12:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 00855626rbent63030217.pdf: 892764 bytes, checksum: 1b8d782ef1c6703b6762b09fe53d6b77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Fruit flies, Bactrocera spp., are the primary pests on chili plants (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus). A safe and effective control uses traps combined with an attractant from basil leaf oil (Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus). This study aimed to determine the attractiveness of basil leaf oil against fruit flies at several different doses. This research was carried out in Organic Chemistry Laboratory STIFARM Padang, in Tabek Patah Tanah Datar area West Sumatra, and in the Pest Disease Observation and Development of Biological Agents Laboratory, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, from June to August 2020. The treatment was in the form of different doses of basil leaf oil, which was 0,5 ml per trap, 1.0 ml per trap, 1.5 ml per trap, 2.0 ml per trap, and 2.5 ml per trap. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. This study found two species of fruit flies around chili plants, namely Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae, which were dominated by male B. papayae. The traps containing 1.5 ml of basil leaf oil attracted the most fruit flies. Temperature and humidity significantly affect the abundance of individual fruit flies.

In this work we report five new host plants of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 as well as new records of hosts of Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, 1937, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 from samplings carried out in Mazagão county, Amapá-Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-23T09:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2020-New-host-plants-records-of-Bactrocera-carambolae-Drew-Hancock.pdf: 523962 bytes, checksum: d72597733114767e1783585b510a3acd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994: 11. Material examined: 1♂, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, Chouldari, Bloomsdale, 07.iii.2012, David, K. J., 1♂, same data except date 08.iii.2012. (NBAIR); 1♂, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Mt. Harriet, S. Andamans, 22. xi. 1993, H. R. Ranganath, reared from Areca triandra Diagnosis: Male with epandrium and surstyli oval in outline (posterior view) (Fig. 5D). Lateral surstylus shorter than epandrium; posterior lobe of lateral surstylus pointed, not longer than anterior lobe (Fig. 3D). Medial surstylus with a pair of thick prensisetae. Phallus 2.3 mm long excluding glans (0. 34 mm); 0.75 of glans sclerotised with unpatterned praeputium; subapical lobe and basal lobe present (Fig. 8D)., Published as part of David, K. J. & Ramani, S., 2019, New species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters, pp. 101-146 in Zootaxa 4551 (2) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2622635, {"references":["Drew, R. A. I. & Hancock, D. L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2 (Supplement), iii + 68 pp."]}

Host plant preference amongst several fruit species was studied for two fruit fly species i.e. Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew & Hancock), which both belong to B. dorsalis species complex. Both fruit fly species are known to be polyphagous and cause significant economic losses as pests of fruit crops. The aim of this research was to assess the host range of these major pests in Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory and Insect Specimen Collection Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from June 2011 to March 2012. Comparative host preference for both species was studied with regard to malaya varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae), manalagi varieties of mango (Mangifera indica), guava aka water apple (Psidium guajava), citra water guava (Eugenia aquae), jamaica bol guava (Eugenia malaccenensis), and california papaya (Carica papaya). Our results suggest the strongest preference for malaya star fruit by B. carambolae followed by manalagi mango; and for california papaya followed by manalagi mango by B. dorsalis. The study also found that welahan variety star fruit is least preferred by both species of fruit fly.

Males of some species included in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol (ME) (1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl) benzene), a natural compound occurring in a variety of plant species. ME feeding of males of the B. dorsalis complex is known to enhance their mating competitiveness. Within B. dorsalis, recent studies show that Asian and African populations of B. dorsalis are sexually compatible, while populations of B. dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are relatively incompatible. The objectives of this study were to examine whether ME feeding by males affects mating compatibility between Asian and African populations of B. dorsalis and ME feeding reduces male mating incompatibility between B. dorsalis (Asian population) and B. carambolae. The data confirmed that Asian and African populations of B. dorsalis are sexually compatible for mating and showed that ME feeding only increased the number of matings. Though ME feeding also increased the number of matings of B. dorsalis (Asian population) and B. carambolae males but the sexual incompatibility between both species was not reduced by treatment with ME. These results conform to the efforts resolving the biological species limits among B. dorsalis complex and have implications for fruit fly control programs in fields and horticultural trade.

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) é uma espécie nativa do sudeste Asiático, presente no Brasil, onde está restrita aos estados do Amapá e Roraima recebendo status de praga quarentenária presente. Sua possível dispersão para outras regiões do Brasil poderia colocar em risco a produção de frutas com grandes prejuízos. Dentre as frutíferas cultivadas no Brasil, destacam-se a videira amplamente cultivada nas regiões Nordeste e Sul e, recentemente, a aceroleira nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou conhecer a biologia de B. carambolae em uva ‘Itália’(Vitis vinifera) e em acerola (Malpighia emarginata). O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Entomologia da EMBRAPA Amapá. Seis grupos de 20 casais oriundos da criação de laboratório, mantida em dieta artificial, foram acondicionados em gaiolas de plástico e expostos, cada um, a dez bagas de cv. Itália, por três horas e meia (11h às 14h30min), ao longo de nove dias. Outros seis grupos de casais nas mesmas condições receberam dez acerolas. Foram registrados o número de puncturas, de ovos viáveis e inviáveis em uva. Nos dois frutos avaliou-se o número, peso e viabilidade dos pupários e aduração dos estágios imaturos. Com os adultos emergidos de cada espécie de fruto, formaram-se casais dos quais se observou fecundidade, fertilidade e longevidade. Por baga, foi constatado, em média ± EP, 5,9 ± 0,22 puncturas, 39,5 ± 1,44 ovos e 0,4 ± 0,06 ovos viáveis. Os ovos foram depositados em grupos. A média de pupários por fruto foi de 0,1 ± 0,02 (uva) e 0,5 ± 0,10 (acerola) com peso médio de 11 ± 0,7 mg e 8 ± 0,3 mg, respectivamente. A viabilidade pupal foi de 82,4% (uva) e 70,6% (acerola). O tempo médio ± EP de uma geração, em dias, foi de 25,8 ± 1,10 (uva) e 19,7 ± 0,21 (acerola). A fecundidade média foi de 1.663,8 ± 501,01 (uva) e 206,9 ± 26,21 (acerola) com viabilidade de 5,63% (uva) e 12,47% (acerola). A longevidade média, em dias, foi semelhante entre os hospedeiros com 81,9 ± 9,97 em uva e 76,0 ± 0,19 em acerola. A taxa liquida de reprodução (Ro) foi, 1,2 em uva e 39,2 em acerola e a razão finita de aumento (λ) 1,01 (uva) e 1,20 (acerola). Verificou-se que B. carambolae completa o desenvolvimento em uva ‘Itália’ e em acerola e deixa prole, podendo ambos ser considerados hospedeiros da espécie. No entanto, o potencial de crescimento da espécie nos dois hospedeiros é baixa. Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), native to southestern Asia, has its distribution limited, in Brazil, to the states of Amapa and Roraima, having the status of quarantinable pest. Its possible dissemination to other Brazilian regions could put the fruit production at risk, with significant economical losses. The grape, widely cultivated in Northeastern and Southern Brazil, and more recently the acerola, in Northern and Northeastern regions, are commercially important fruit in Brazil. In this paper, we studied the biology of B. carambolae in ‘Itália’ grape (Vitis vinifera) and in acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in laboratory. Six groups of 20 couples from laboratory colony were maintained on artificial diet and put into plastic cages. Each couple was exposed to ten 'Italia' grapes, for 3.5 hours (11 am to 02:30 pm), during nine days. In a similar way, other six couple groups received ten acerolas. We recorded the number of punctures on fruits, viable and unviable eggs on grape. The number, weight and viability of puparia and the duration of immature stages were analyzedin both fruits. Couples emerged from each fruit species were used to evaluate fecundity, fertility and longevity. Per fruit, we recorded in average (± SE), 5.9 ± 0.22 punctures, 39.5 ± 1.44 eggs, and 0.4 ± 0.06 viable eggs. Eggs were laid in groups. The mean number of puparia per fruit was 0.1 ± 0.02 (grape) and 0.5 ± 0.10 (acerola) with mean weight of 11 ± 0.7 mg and 8 ± 0.3 mg, respectively. The pupal viability was 82.4% (grape) and 70.6% (acerola). The mean duration ± SE of one generation (days), was 25.8 ± 1.10 (grape) and 19.7 ± 0.21 (acerola). The mean fecundity was 1,663.8 ± 501.01 (grape) and 206.9 ± 26.21 (acerola), with viability of 5.63% (grape) and 12.47% (acerola). The mean longevity (days) was similar between hosts, 81.9 ± 9.97 in grape and 76.0 ± 0.19 in acerola. The net reproduction rate (Ro) was 1.2 in grape and 39.2 in acerola, and the finite growth rates (λ) 1.01 (grape) and 1.20 (acerola). We verified that B. carambolae completes its development in both ‘Italia’ grape and in acerola, producing offspring. Both species host this pest, but with a low spreading potential.

A mosca-da-carambola (Bactrocera carambolae) é uma praga quarentenária presente no Brasil, com distribuição restrita aos estados do Amapá, Pará e Roraima. Com o objetivo de determinar o número de oviposições e de ovos por oviposição de B. carambolae em frutos de carambola (Averrhoa carambola), em condições de laboratório, foram selecionados 30 casais de B. carambolae, em idade reprodutiva, provenientes da criação mantida no Laboratório de Proteção de Plantas da Embrapa Amapá. Cada casal foi disposto em uma gaiola contendo um fruto com uma face exposta para oviposição e mantidos em sala climatizada (26 ± 1°C; 70 ± 10% U.R.; fotofase de 12 h). Após 48 h, os frutos foram retirados e observados sob estereomicroscópio para quantificação do número de oviposições e do número de ovos em cada uma delas. Houve registro de 54 oviposições e 695 ovos. O número médio de ovos depositados por fêmea foi 33,09 ± 4,49 em 48h. O número médio de oviposições por fêmea foi 2,57 ± 0,27 em 48h. O número médio de ovos em cada oviposição foi 12,87 ± 1,13. Foi possível concluir que B. carambolae não oviposita em frutos verdes de carambola, a maioria das fêmeas realiza múltiplas oviposições em um mesmo fruto e a oviposição é realizada em grupos de ovos. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T10:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2022-Tamanho-das-Posturas-de-Bactrocera-carambolae.pdf: 290211 bytes, checksum: 20c542c87da54f175ae3d0c49e736dc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

This work was carried out to evaluate the infestation of fruits of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh (Myrtaceae) by fruit flies in the state of Amapá, Brazil. There was 95% infestation of the green and ripe fruits. However, infestation (puparia/fruit) was higher in ripe fruits than green fruits. Four species of Tephritidae and four species of Lonchaeidae were obtained. Bactrocera carambolae (Tephritidae) predominated in ripe fruits. There was no difference in infestation by Anastrepha spp. (Tephritidae) and Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae) between green and ripe fruits. Este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar a infestação de frutos de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh (Myrtaceae) por moscas frugívoras no estado do Amapá, Brasil. Exatamente 95% dos frutos verdes e maduros apresentaram infestação. Porém, a infestação (pupários/fruto) foi maior em frutos maduros que em frutos verdes. Foram obtidas quatro espécies de Tephritidae e quatro de Lonchaeidae. Bactrocera carambolae (Tephritidae) predominou em frutos maduros. Não houve diferença na infestação por Anastrepha spp. (Tephritidae) e Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae) entre frutos verdes e maduros.

Males of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol (ME) (1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene), a natural compound occurring in variety of plant species. ME-feeding is known to enhance male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 3days after feeding. Enhanced male mating competitiveness due to ME-feeding can increase the effectiveness of sterile insect technique (SIT) manifolds. However, the common methods for emergence and holding fruit flies prior to field releases do not allow the inclusion of any ME feeding treatment after fly emergence. Therefore this study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy in comparison with ME feeding on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness as aromatherapy is pragmatic for fruit flies emergence and holding facilities. Effects of ME application by feeding or by aromatherapy for enhanced mating competitiveness were evaluated 3d after treatments in field cages. ME feeding and ME aromatherapy enhanced male mating competitiveness as compared to untreated males. Males treated with ME either by feeding or by aromatherapy showed similar mating success but mating success was significantly higher than that of untreated males. The results are discussed in the context of application of ME by aromatherapy as a pragmatic approach in a mass-rearing facility and its implications for effectiveness of SIT.

As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) estão entre as principais pragas da agricultura mundial, sendo motivo de preocupação especialmente para países tropicais em desenvolvimento, os quais têm na fruticultura um importante componente de sua balança comercial. Esta revisão tem por objetivo compilar informações geradas nos últimos 10 anos sobre moscas-das-frutasno estado do Amapá, com ênfase em distribuição, hospedeiros e parasitoides. Além disso, visa indicar as prioridades de pesquisa para os próximos anos.No estado do Amapá, os estudos com moscas-das-frutas e seus inimigos naturais apresentaram, nos últimos anos, significativo crescimento. Atualmente, além Bactrocera carambolae, estão assinaladas para o Estado 34 espécies de Anastrepha. Anastrepha distincta, Anastrepha coronilli, Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha striata são as espécies mais amplamente distribuídas. Estão assinaladas para o estado 37 espécies vegetais hospedeiras (pertencentes a 19 famílias botânicas) de moscas-das-frutas. Anastrepha striata é espécie mais polífaga, estando associada a 25 hospedeiros. Nove espécies de parasitoides específicos de moscas-das-frutas estão registrados, sendo Doryctobracon areolatuso mais abundante. Apesar do significativo avanço, novos estudos sobre biologia, genética, ecologia, distribuição e dispersão populacional, bem como fatores reguladores dos níveis populacionais são necessários, com vista a desenvolver estratégias de controle menos onerosas com efeitos não nocivos ao ambiente. Palavras-chave: Anastrepha, Bactrocera carambolae, parasitoides, Amazônia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n3p157-168

Summary Seven plant species are reported for the first time as hosts of Bactrocera carambolae in Brazil. Eugenia stipitata and Pouteria macrophylla, native to the Amazon region, have already been reported as hosts of the carambola fruit fly. The largest number of specimens was obtained from fruits of Averrhoa carambola and Psidium guajaua.

The diversity and abundance of Dacinae fruit flies of the family Tephritidae were studied at Pantai Melawi (Bachok) and Selising (Pasir Puteh), Kelantan. Male fruit flies were collected in the morning by using the attractants methyl eugenol and cue-lure. Three species (Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera melastomatos) were present in both localities, with B. papayae and B. melastomatos being more abundant in Pantai Melawi and B. carambolae more abundant in Selising. Bactrocera caudata occurred only in Pantai Melawi while Bactrocera umbrosa only in Selising. The two localities supported different species of Dacinae fruit flies and different density of the common species

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as espécies de moscas frugívoras (Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae), seus hospedeiros e parasitoides na Ilha de Santana, Estado do Amapá, Amazônia brasileira. Adicionalmente, objetivou estudar a exploração hospedeira por Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock. Foram realizadas coletas de frutos de diversas espécies vegetais, a cada 30 dias, no período de janeiro a julho de 2015. Foram coletadas 149 amostras de frutos (3.142 frutos, 76,3 Kg), pertencentes a 20 espécies vegetais (9 nativas e 11 introduzidas) de 13 famílias botânicas. Houve infestação por moscas frugívoras em 86 amostras (11 espécies de 8 famílias botânicas). Foram obtidos espécimes de cinco espécies de Tephritidae, quatro de Lonchaeidae e três de parasitoides Braconidae. As espécies de moscas frugívoras mais importantes na Ilha de Santana são: B. carambolae, devido sua expressão quarentenária; e Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) e Anastrepha striata Schiner, pelo fato de infestarem espécies vegetais de importância socioeconômica local. Os hospedeiros Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae), Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae), Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae) e Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) são responsáveis pela manutenção da população de B. carambolae.

An FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) on “Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Overcome Constraints to SIT Application and International Trade” was conducted from 2010 to 2015. As captured in the CRP title, the objective was to undertake targeted research into the systematics and diagnostics of taxonomically challenging fruit fly groups of economic importance. The scientific output was the accurate alignment of biological species with taxonomic names; which led to the applied outcome of assisting FAO and IAEA Member States in overcoming technical constraints to the application of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against pest fruit flies and the facilitation of international agricultural trade. Close to 50 researchers from over 20 countries participated in the CRP, using coordinated, multidisciplinary research to address, within an integrative taxonomic framework, cryptic species complexes of major tephritid pests. The following progress was made for the four complexes selected and studied: Anastrepha fraterculus complex – Eight morphotypes and their geographic and ecological distributions in Latin America were defined. The morphotypes can be considered as distinct biological species on the basis of differences in karyotype, sexual incompatibility, post-mating isolation, cuticular hydrocarbon, pheromone, and molecular analyses. Discriminative taxonomic tools using linear and geometric morphometrics of both adult and larval morphology were developed for this complex. Bactrocera dorsalis complex – Based on genetic, cytogenetic, pheromonal, morphometric, and behavioural data, which showed no or only minor variation between the Asian/African pest fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis, B. papayae, B. philippinensis and B. invadens, the latter three species were synonymized with B. dorsalis. Of the five target pest taxa studied, only B. dorsalis and B. carambolae remain as scientifically valid names. Molecular and pheromone markers are now available to distinguish B. dorsalis from B. carambolae. Ceratitis FAR Complex (C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa) – Morphology, morphometry, genetic, genomic, pheromone, cuticular hydrocarbon, ecology, behaviour, and developmental physiology data provide evidence for the existence of five different entities within this fruit fly complex from the African region. These are currently recognised as Ceratitis anonae, C. fasciventris (F1 and F2), C. rosa and a new species related to C. rosa (R2). The biological limits within C. fasciventris (i.e. F1 and F2) are not fully resolved. Microsatellites markers and morphological identification tools for the adult males of the five different FAR entities were developed based on male leg structures. Zeugodacus cucurbitae (formerly Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae) – Genetic variability was studied among melon fly populations throughout its geographic range in Africa and the Asia/Pacific region and found to be limited. Cross-mating studies indicated no incompatibility or sexual isolation. Host preference and genetic studies showed no evidence for the existence of host races. It was concluded that the melon fly does not represent a cryptic species complex, neither with regard to geographic distribution nor to host range. Nevertheless, the higher taxonomic classification under which this species had been placed, by the time the CRP was started, was found to be paraphyletic; as a result the subgenus Zeugodacus was elevated to genus level. Fil: Hendrichs, Jorge. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture; Austria Fil: Vera, Maria Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: de Meyer, Marc. Royal Museum for Central Africa; Bélgica Fil: Clarke, Anthony R.. Queensland University of Technology; Australia

The production of a major component, 6-oxo-1-nonanol and a minor compound, N-3-methylbutyl acetamide in the male rectal gland of Bactrocera carambolae, a fruit pest of economic importance, increased concomitant with age, and their peak production corresponded with sexual maturity. During courtship period, these endogenous components were released unchanged into the air as visible smoke by a group of 100–150 males in a glass chamber. Male emissions elicited upwind flight via zigzag anemotaxis, and attracted more conspecific virgin females than males in wind tunnel assays. When these components were assayed individually, both 6-oxo-1-nonanol and N-3-methylbutyl acetamide elicited significant female responses toward the source chemicals, although the response was less than that for live males. The results suggested that these volatile components are involved in the intraspecific communication by playing a role as sex pheromones during courtship of B. carambolae.

A survey was carried out in mango orchards in Peninsular Malaysia with aimed to determine the infestation levels of fruit fly Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango ( Mangifera indica L.) through damaged fruit collection. Two fruit fly species emerged from the collected fruits: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock). Bactrocera dorsalis was recorded the most abundant species (91%) compared to B. carambolae (9%). The highest fruit infestation was observed in Bumbong Lima (93.49±2.25 pupae/kg), followed by Bukit Changgang (36.08±8.35 pupae/kg) and Pulau Gadong (26.78 ±4.86 pupae/kg) whilst Jitra showed the lowest fruit infestation (10.79±3.34 pupae/kg).

Pests of star fruit in Blitar District, East Java . Pest attack causes the production of star fruit decreases. This study aim was to identify the pests of star fruit in Blitar District which could provide an information about pest species, damage symptoms and damage intensity. The research was conducted during August – September 2014 in Gogodeso, Karangsonoand Pojok Villages at Blitar District, East Java. Observations of the pests ware done by determining the four locations of plantation on each villages randomly. Three plants sample were choosen in each plantation location diagonally. Each plant was divided into four quadrant according to wind directions. One branch in the bottom was choosen in each quadrant. Nine species were recorded as pests of starfruit in Blitar district. Pest was identified on the leaf was Pteroma plagiophleps , on the branch was Zeuzera coffeae , on the flower were Toxoptera aurantii and Maconellicoccus hirsutus , whereas those on the fruit were Toxoptera aurantii , Maconellicoccus hirsutus , Thrips javanicus , Helopeltis bradyi , Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Bactrocera dorsalis , and Bactrocera carambolae . The population density of M. hirsutus was higher in Karangsono than in other villages. The highest damage intensity was caused by Bactrocera spp. , C. leucotreta and H. bradyi (occured in Gogodeso), whereas the highest damage intensity of T. javanicus occurred in Pojok.

Fruits of Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae) are reported for the first time as hosts of Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Brazil. Keywords: Bactrocera carambolae, quarantine pest, Amazon, murici. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v5n3p117-118

Members of the Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) complex constitute well-recognized destructive pests of fruits in peninsular Thailand. The development and survival of immature stages of the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and the Asian papaya fruit fly, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock , were compared at six constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, and 35°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D). The objectives were to determine the effect of temperature on the developmental stages for optimizing rearing and to understand the geographical pattern of occurrence of these fruit fly species. A strong and positive linear relationship was observed between temperature and developmental rate of immature stages of B. carambolae. Similarly, a strong and positive linear relationship was observed between temperature and developmental rate of B. papayae. A temperature summation model was used to estimate the lower threshold temperature and the thermal constant. Bactrocera papayae was significantly faster in development and higher in survival and appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than B. carambolae, as it exhibited the lowest threshold temperatures at all immature stages. The observed differences in response to various temperatures revealed to some extent the impact of temperature on these species’ distribution in peninsular Thailand and other parts of the world.