10 results on '"Backlund, Anna"'
Search Results
2. The Impermanence of Norms : A Study of Fahrenheit 451 Based on Foucauldian Concepts
- Author
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Backlund, Anna-Pia and Backlund, Anna-Pia
- Abstract
In 1953 Ray Bradbury wrote the novel Fahrenheit 451. The plot is set in a fictional, North American future. This essay aims to show that what is considered normal regarding fundamental values such as knowledge, love, and respect in this imaginary future society is different from what was considered normal in North America in the 1950s when Bradbury wrote the book. The norms differ to such an extent that it is possible to claim that Fahrenheit 451 is set in a new episteme. Episteme is a term used by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It designates a time in which society has an underlying understanding of what is considered normal. According to Michel Foucault, the year 1953 when Bradbury wrote the book, belonged to the episteme of Modernity. This essay aims to illustrate that in the future fictional society of Fahrenheit 451, the norm regarding some aspects of the culture has changed to the extent that there is reason to call the era a new episteme, and that a proper name would be the episteme of Ignorance. This name signals the lack of regard for knowledge in the society of Fahrenheit 451. This essay's analytical tools are Michel Foucault’s terms, theories, and concepts. Keywords: Episteme, Michel Foucault, Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451, knowledge, ignorance, norms, power.
- Published
- 2022
3. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD9977 in Healthy Men: A Phase I Multiple Ascending Dose Study
- Author
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Whittaker, Andrew, primary, Kragh, Åsa M., additional, Hartleib‐Geschwindner, Judith, additional, Albayaty, Muna, additional, Backlund, Anna, additional, Greasley, Peter J., additional, Heijer, Maria, additional, Kjaer, Magnus, additional, Forte, Pablo, additional, Unwin, Robert, additional, Wernevik, Linda, additional, and Ericsson, Hans, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Maternal health care in Rwanda and its associations to early neonatal mortality. : A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2014-2015
- Author
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Backlund, Anna
- Subjects
Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,antenatal care ,maternal health care ,early neonatal mortality ,Rwanda ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Background: Neonate’s health is intimately linked to maternal health. Yearly approximately 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur worldwide, counting for more than 40 % of all deaths of children less than five years. Over 70 % of these deaths happen during the first week of life (early neonatal mortality), often the first day, and 99% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries with an often low quality of maternal health care services. Aim: To assess societal and household factors, and maternal health care factors delivered in Rwanda, and how these were associated with early neonatal mortality Methods: Cross-sectional data of interviewed mothers to 7726 children between 2010 to 2014, obtained from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, were analyzed in relation to early neonatal mortality using multiple logistic regression. Results: The factors found to be associated with reduced risk of early neonatal mortality were: delivery at a health facility, delivery assisted by a skilled birth attendant, and no low birth weight neonates. After adjustment with socioeconomic and proximate determinants, the same associations were found with delivery at a health facility and no low birth weight neonates. Conclusions: Delivery at a health facility and not to be born of low birth weight were associated with risk reduction of early neonatal mortality. These findings indicate that interventions to strengthen the antenatal health care system and to increase the utilization of already existing health care services are needed, and to educate practicing professional health care workers about early neonatal mortality.
- Published
- 2017
5. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD9977 in Healthy Men: A Phase I Multiple Ascending Dose Study.
- Author
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Whittaker, Andrew, Kragh, Åsa M., Hartleib‐Geschwindner, Judith, Albayaty, Muna, Backlund, Anna, Greasley, Peter J., Heijer, Maria, Kjaer, Magnus, Forte, Pablo, Unwin, Robert, Wernevik, Linda, and Ericsson, Hans
- Subjects
MINERALOCORTICOID receptors ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,PHARMACOKINETICS ,THERAPEUTIC complications ,BIOAVAILABILITY - Abstract
Excessive activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) underlies the pathophysiology of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Hyperkalemia risk limits the therapeutic use of conventional MR antagonists. AZD9977 is a nonsteroidal, selective MR modulator that may protect nonepithelial tissues without disturbing electrolyte balance. This phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of AZD9977 in healthy volunteers. Twenty‐seven male participants aged 23–45 years were randomized 3:1 to receive oral AZD9977 or placebo for 8 days (with twice‐daily dosing on days 2–7), in dose cohorts of 50, 150, and 300 mg (AZD9977, n = 6 per cohort; placebo, n = 3 per cohort). Adverse events occurred in 4 of 18 participants receiving AZD9977 (22.2%) and 6 of 9 receiving placebo (66.7%), all of mild or moderate severity; none were serious or led to withdrawal. AZD9977 was rapidly absorbed, with median time of maximum concentration of 0.50–0.84 hours across dose groups. Area under the curve and maximum concentration were approximately dose proportional but elimination and accumulation terminal half‐life increased with dose. Steady‐state was reached after 3–4 days, with dose‐dependent accumulation of 1.2–1.7‐fold. Renal clearance was 5.9–6.5 L/hour and 24–37% of AZD9977 was excreted in the urine. Serum aldosterone levels increased dose dependently from days −1 to 7 in participants receiving AZD9977, but serum potassium levels and urinary electrolyte excretion were unchanged. AZD9977 was generally well‐tolerated with no safety concerns. Exploratory outcomes suggested reduced hyperkalemia risk compared with MR antagonists. These findings support further clinical development of AZD9977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Periplasmic c Cytochromes and chlorate reduction in Ideonella dechloratans
- Author
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Backlund, Anna Smedja, Bohlin, Jan, Gustavsson, Niklas, and Nilsson, Thomas
- Subjects
Bacteria -- Physiological aspects ,Bacteria -- Environmental aspects ,Chlorates -- Environmental aspects ,Cytochrome c -- Research ,Dechlorination -- Research ,Electron transport -- Analysis ,Oxidoreductases -- Physiological aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
A study was conducted to examine the role of soluble c-type cytochromes as the electron mediators between the [bc.sub.1] inner membrane components and the periplasmic chlorate reductase in Ideonella dechloratans. The results indicated that the soluble 6-kDa cytochrome c is the major and possibly sole mediator for the transfer of electrons between the membrane-bound redox components and the periplasmic chlorate reductase when cells are anaerobically grown in the presence of chlorate.
- Published
- 2009
7. Patienters komfort under ambulanstransport : En interventionsstudie
- Author
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Backlund, Anna and Hagiwara, Magnus
- Subjects
blanketts ,Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,filtar ,hypotermia ,comfort ,ambulanstransport ,prehospital ,rescuebag ,komfort ,Medical and Health Sciences ,patientsäck - Abstract
Patientens liggkomfort under ambulanstransport är en viktig faktor i omvårdnaden i ambulanssjukvård. Vi tror att en ökad komfort kan minska patientens lidande. Det är flera faktorer som påverkar komforten i en ambulans, hur fordonet framförs, hur vårdaren agerar, patientens tillstånd mm. När det kommer till liggkomforten är personalen begränsad av det material som finns att tillgå. I syfte att förbättra komforten har vi haft möjlighet att prova en säck, att transportera patienter i och jämföra den med det gamla sättet, med lakan och filtar. Kan ett nytt sätt att bädda ner patienten kunna förbättra komforten under ambulanstransport?Studiens syfte var att undersöka patienters upplevelse vid användandet av två olika metoder för bäddning på ambulansbåren. Studien är kvantitativ randomiserad interventionsstudie för att jämföra patientens upplevda komfort vid två olika bäddmetoder. Datainsamlingen har bestått av enkäter där patienter besvarat frågor angående den upplevda komforten under ambulanstransport. Patienterna fick besvara sex påstående angående komfort, temperatur, trygghet och integritet. Enkäten besvarades av 94 patienter. Hälften av dessa har transporterats med lakan och filtar och resten med patientsäckar.Studien visar att vid samtliga påstående har patienterna i patientsäcksgruppen varit mer positiva, men skillnaderna har inte varit signifikanta.Denna studie omfattar ett relativt litet antal patienter, ett större material behövs för att generalisera eventuella skillnader mellan grupperna. Resultaten pekar ändå på att patienterna som transporterades i patientsäcken upplevde en större komfort. Program: Fristående kursUppsatsnivå: C
- Published
- 2009
8. Asumisneuvoja : vuokra-asukkaan tuki ja palveluverkoston uudenlainen toimija
- Author
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Backlund, Anna, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Policy, Helsingin yliopisto, Valtiotieteellinen tiedekunta, Yhteiskuntapolitiikan laitos, and Helsingfors universitet, Statsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Samhällspolitiska institutionen
- Subjects
tukimuodot ,palveluverkostot ,vuokralaiset ,asumisneuvonta ,asumisongelmat ,asunnottomuus ,ammatillistuminen ,vuokra-asuminen ,asuminen - ongelmat ,sosiaaliset ongelmat ,segregaatio ,professionaalistuminen ,julkiset palvelut - Abstract
Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library. Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla. Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman aiheena on vuokra-asumisen uudenlainen tukimuoto, asumisneuvonta. Vuosituhannen taitteesta lähtien Suomessa on käynnistynyt enenevässä määrin erilaisia asumisneuvontahankkeita, joista osa on vakinaistettu pysyväksi toiminnaksi. Asumisneuvonnassa mukana olevat tahot toimivat kuitenkin toisistaan erillään, ja eri hankkeista ja niiden eroista ja yhtäläisyyksistä on saatavilla vain vähän tietoa ja tutkimusta ei lainkaan. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena onkin ensi kertaa kartoittaa ja esitellä asumisneuvonta-nimistä uutta työmuotoa keräämällä kokemuksia eri hankkeista yhteen ja pohtimalla niiden perusteella, millaista asumisneuvontatyö on ja onko kyseessä yhtenäinen ammattikunta. Lisäksi tutkielmassa pyritään vastaamaan kysymykseen, millaiseen yhteiskunnalliseen tilanteeseen asumisneuvonnan synty liittyy ja miksi sitä tarvitaan juuri nyt. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin lomakekyselyin asumisneuvonnan parissa työskenteleviltä henkilöiltä, sillä tutkimuksessa haluttiin kerätä tietoa yhteen mahdollisimman laajasti. Vastauksia tuli kaikkiaan 29 ja kyselyn vastausprosentti oli 48 %. Aineiston analyysi etenee aineiston yksityiskohtaisesta esittelystä kohti merkitystulkintoja. Tutkimuksen teoreettisena viitekehyksenä ovat funktionalistiset ja yhteiskuntakohtaiset professionaalistumisteoriat. Funktionalistiset professionaalistumisteoriat kuvaavat ammatillistumiskehityksen eri vaiheita ja niiden avulla on mahdollista ”mitata” ammattien professionaalistumisen astetta. Teoriasuuntauksen avulla pohditaan tässä pro gradussa asumisneuvojien ammattikunnan ammatillistumisen astetta ja sitä, onko kyseessä ylipäätään oma ammattikuntansa. Yhteiskuntakohtaiset professionaalistumisteoriat taas kiinnittävät huomionsa niihin ympäröivän yhteiskunnan muutoksiin, joiden puitteissa ammattikunta saa alkunsa ja kehittyy. Yhteiskuntakohtaisten professionaalistumisteorioiden avulla asumisneuvonta kytketään yhteiskunnalliseen kontekstiinsa ja pohditaan sen syntyyn ja tarpeeseen johtaneita syitä. Työn keskeinen tutkimustulos on, että asumisneuvonta on uudenlainen ammattikunta, jonka tavoitteena on erilaisten asumisongelmien (kuten vuokravelkojen, häiritsevän elämän, huoneiston huonon hoidon) ratkaiseminen tukemalla, neuvomalla ja ohjaamalla asukasta tämän tarvitsemien palveluiden piiriin sekä kokoamalla palveluverkoston toimijoita yhteen. Asumisneuvojien ammattikunta on kuitenkin hyvin hajanainen ja työtä tehdäänkin useasta eri organisaatiosta ja hyvin vaihtelevilla koulutustaustoilla. Asumisneuvojien ammatillistumiskehitys on vasta alkuvaiheessaan, minkä vuoksi ammatti-identiteetti on hauras. Tutkimus myös osoittaa, että asumisneuvojan kohtaamien asumisongelmien taustalla on monenlaisia sosiaalisia ongelmia, joiden lisääntyminen on luonut kysynnän asumisneuvonnan kaltaiselle uudelle palvelulle. Asumisneuvonnan tarve liittyykin 1990-luvun laman seurauksena toteutettuihin palvelujärjestelmän uudistuksiin, joiden myötä julkisen sektorin terveys- ja sosiaalipalveluiden saatavuus on heikentynyt ja erityisesti kaupunkimaisten kuntien edellytykset tuottaa hyvinvointia ovat pienentyneet. Sosiaalipoliittinen palvelujärjestelmä ei enää tavoita kaikkia avuntarvitsijoita, ja juuri nämä väestöryhmät (tyypillisesti mielenterveys- ja päihdeongelmaiset sekä vanhukset ja maahanmuuttajat) muodostavat valtaosaltaan asumisneuvojan asiakaskunnan. Asumisneuvonta ilmentää 2000-luvulle tyypillistä uudenlaista palveluajattelua, jossa yhdistyvät monisektorinen yhteistyö, taloudellinen kannattavuus ja alueellinen toimintatapa.
- Published
- 2005
9. En studie om behandlares uppfattningar kring behandlingsmetoder för sexualbrottsdömda
- Author
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Backlund, Anna, Dimiraca, Aida, Backlund, Anna, and Dimiraca, Aida
- Abstract
Keywords: Sexual offenders, treatment, Kriminalvården, treaters What method of treatment that is the most efficient in order to prevent relapse in sexual crimes is a much discussed subject in today’s society. In science there is a controversy between the psychological perspective and that of bio medicine regarding choice of treatment. But how do the treaters feel about the methods they use in their field of work? The questions that we research in our dissertation are: What are and how do the different treatments look for those convicted of a crime of a sexual nature? What factors do the treaters think are behind the actions of the sex offenders? Do treaters have different opinions? If so, what choice of treatment to use for sex offenders? In the reserach there is a current discusion about which treatment is the most effective for the sexual offenders and to reduce the relapse of sexual crimes. We have chosen to use controversy theory since it explains so between the bio medicine and the psychological line of research. The street-level bureaucracy that gives an understanding of the difficulties you can face when working with sex offenders. We have put together a qualitative study based on interviews with six treaters; this along with earlier research is the main material for this dissertation. Cognitive behaviour therapy and psychodynamic thearapy are the most common treatment for sexual offenders in the prisons in Sweden, where they work with a treatment program named ROS program; however you can find a controversy among the workers in some areas of the treatment.
- Published
- 2009
10. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD9977 in Healthy Men: A Phase I Multiple Ascending Dose Study.
- Author
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Whittaker A, Kragh ÅM, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Albayaty M, Backlund A, Greasley PJ, Heijer M, Kjaer M, Forte P, Unwin R, Wernevik L, and Ericsson H
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Aldosterone blood, Aldosterone metabolism, Area Under Curve, Benzoates administration & dosage, Benzoates pharmacokinetics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Half-Life, Healthy Volunteers, Heart Failure blood, Heart Failure drug therapy, Heart Failure etiology, Humans, Hyperkalemia blood, Hyperkalemia chemically induced, Hyperkalemia diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists pharmacokinetics, Oxazines administration & dosage, Oxazines pharmacokinetics, Potassium blood, Renal Elimination, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic blood, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic drug therapy, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic etiology, Risk Assessment statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Benzoates adverse effects, Hyperkalemia epidemiology, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists adverse effects, Oxazines adverse effects, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid metabolism
- Abstract
Excessive activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) underlies the pathophysiology of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Hyperkalemia risk limits the therapeutic use of conventional MR antagonists. AZD9977 is a nonsteroidal, selective MR modulator that may protect nonepithelial tissues without disturbing electrolyte balance. This phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of AZD9977 in healthy volunteers. Twenty-seven male participants aged 23-45 years were randomized 3:1 to receive oral AZD9977 or placebo for 8 days (with twice-daily dosing on days 2-7), in dose cohorts of 50, 150, and 300 mg (AZD9977, n = 6 per cohort; placebo, n = 3 per cohort). Adverse events occurred in 4 of 18 participants receiving AZD9977 (22.2%) and 6 of 9 receiving placebo (66.7%), all of mild or moderate severity; none were serious or led to withdrawal. AZD9977 was rapidly absorbed, with median time of maximum concentration of 0.50-0.84 hours across dose groups. Area under the curve and maximum concentration were approximately dose proportional but elimination and accumulation terminal half-life increased with dose. Steady-state was reached after 3-4 days, with dose-dependent accumulation of 1.2-1.7-fold. Renal clearance was 5.9-6.5 L/hour and 24-37% of AZD9977 was excreted in the urine. Serum aldosterone levels increased dose dependently from days -1 to 7 in participants receiving AZD9977, but serum potassium levels and urinary electrolyte excretion were unchanged. AZD9977 was generally well-tolerated with no safety concerns. Exploratory outcomes suggested reduced hyperkalemia risk compared with MR antagonists. These findings support further clinical development of AZD9977., (© 2019 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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